26
|
Khan KA, Petrou S, Dritsaki M, Johnson SJ, Manktelow B, Draper ES, Smith LK, Seaton SE, Marlow N, Dorling J, Field DJ, Boyle EM. Economic costs associated with moderate and late preterm birth: a prospective population-based study. BJOG 2015. [PMID: 26219352 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the economic costs associated with moderate and late preterm birth. DESIGN An economic study was nested within a prospective cohort study. SAMPLE Infants born between 32(+0) and 36(+6) weeks of gestation in the East Midlands of England. A sample of infants born at ≥37 weeks of gestation acted as controls. METHODS Data on resource use, estimated from a National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services perspective, and separately from a societal perspective, were collected between birth and 24 months corrected age (or death), and valued in pounds sterling, at 2010-11 prices. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were used to estimate the relationship between gestational age at birth and economic costs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative resource use and economic costs over the first two years of life. RESULTS Of all eligible births, 1146 (83%) preterm and 1258 (79%) term infants were recruited. Mean (standard error) total societal costs from birth to 24 months were £12 037 (£1114) and £5823 (£1232) for children born moderately preterm (32(+0) -33(+6) weeks of gestation) and late preterm (34(+0) -36(+6) weeks of gestation), respectively, compared with £2056 (£132) for children born at term. The mean societal cost difference between moderate and late preterm and term infants was £4657 (bootstrap 95% confidence interval, 95% CI £2513-6803; P < 0.001). Multivariable regressions revealed that, after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, moderate and late preterm birth increased societal costs by £7583 (£874) and £1963 (£337), respectively, compared with birth at full term. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and late preterm birth is associated with significantly increased economic costs over the first 2 years of life. Our economic estimates can be used to inform budgetary and service planning by clinical decision-makers, and economic evaluations of interventions aimed at preventing moderate and late preterm birth or alleviating its adverse consequences. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Moderate and late preterm birth is associated with increased economic costs over the first 2 years of life.
Collapse
|
27
|
Khan KA, O'Donoghue K, Nardelli P, Tugwell J, O'Shea C, Cantillon-Murphy P, Kennedy M. The Design and Validation of a Novel Lung Navigation Platform. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1992121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
28
|
Khan KA, Terry O, Kennedy M. Rare Cause of Persistent Cough? Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1993427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
29
|
Abbas W, Khan KA, Kumar A, Tripathy MK, Dichamp I, Keita M, Mahlknecht U, Rohr O, Herbein G. Blockade of BFA-mediated apoptosis in macrophages by the HIV-1 Nef protein. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1080. [PMID: 24556695 PMCID: PMC3944234 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef protein has key roles at almost all stages of the viral life cycle. We assessed the role of Nef and of the translation elongation factor eEF1A in primary human macrophages. Nuclear retention experiments and inhibition of the exportin-t (Exp-t) pathway suggested that cytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A, mediated by Exp-t occurs in Nef-treated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We observed the presence of tRNA in the Nef/eEF1A complexes. Nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of the Nef/eEF1A complexes prevented stress-induced apoptosis of MDMs treated with brefeldin A. Blockade of stress-induced apoptosis of MDMs treated with HIV-1 Nef resulted from enhanced nucleocytoplasmic transport of eEF1A with decreased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and from increased tRNA binding to cytochrome c, ultimately leading to an inhibition of caspase activation. Our results indicate that HIV-1 Nef, through the nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A and tRNAs, enhances resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in primary human macrophages.
Collapse
|
30
|
O'Donoghue K, Corvo A, Nardelli P, O'Shea C, Khan KA, Kennedy M, Cantillon-Murphy P. Evaluation of a novel tracking system in a breathing lung model. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2014; 2014:4046-4049. [PMID: 25570880 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the evaluation of an electromagnetic position tracking system for use with virtual bronchoscopy systems. Our system utilises a planar magnetic coil array and commercially available search coil sensors. Experimental results show the EM tracking accuracy to be in the range of 11.5mm, which is comparable to both commercial and research systems. The use of a bench-top breathing lung model is used to verify system operation in the in vitro setting. A novel fiducial-free registration method is implemented to reduce errors resulting from inaccurate landmark identification commonly associated with point-based registration. After registration, there is good agreement between the measured position of the sensor probe during endoscopic navigation and the lung airways as visualised in a 3D model of the phantom.
Collapse
|
31
|
Rehman A, Khan GM, Shah KU, Shah SU, Khan KA. Formulation and Evaluation of Tramadol HCl Matrix Tablets Using Carbopol 974P and 934 as Rate-Controlling Agents. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
32
|
Naher BS, Shahid AT, Khan KA, Nargis S, Hoque MM. Fasciolopsiasis in a five year old girl. Mymensingh Med J 2013; 22:397-399. [PMID: 23715369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 5 year old girl hailing from Keraniganj, presented with the complaints of fever, periumbilical pain and vomiting. In vomitus, Fasciolopsis buski worm in adult form was identified by naked eye examination. In stool, ova of Fasciolopsis buski were also observed under microscope. Clinically she was pale and had hepatomegaly. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia with normal liver function test was found on lab investigation. She was diagnosed as a case of Fasciolopsiasis and treated with Praziquantel and on follow up visit she was found to be free of symptom.
Collapse
|
33
|
Khan KA, Gilmartin JJ. Bilateral micronodular pulmonary infiltrate: is it important to make a histological diagnosis? Respir Care 2012; 58:e69-71. [PMID: 23258578 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of calcium phosphate within the alveoli. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with a 6-week history of cough and shortness of breath on exertion. The chest radiograph demonstrated a bilateral symmetrical micronodular pattern. High-resolution computed tomography revealed bilateral diffuse fine nodular shadowing involving the mid zones, with sparing of the apices. The patient underwent a transbronchial lung biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abbas W, Khan KA, Tripathy MK, Dichamp I, Keita M, Rohr O, Herbein G. Inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages by nuclear-cytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A by the HIV-1 Nef protein. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e368. [PMID: 22875005 PMCID: PMC3434673 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
35
|
Abbas W, Khan KA, Tripathy MK, Dichamp I, Keita M, Rohr O, Herbein G. Inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in macrophages by nuclear-cytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A by the HIV-1 Nef protein. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e292. [PMID: 22476100 PMCID: PMC3358010 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef protein has key roles at almost all stages of the viral life cycle. We assessed the role of the Nef/eEF1A (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-alpha) complex in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in primary human macrophages. Nuclear retention experiments and inhibition of the exportin-t (Exp-t) pathway suggested that cytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A, mediated by Exp-t, occurs in Nef-treated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We observed the presence of tRNA in the Nef/eEF1A complexes. Nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of the Nef/eEF1A complexes prevented stress-induced apoptosis of MDMs treated with brefeldin-A. Blockade of stress-induced apoptosis of MDMs treated with HIV-1 Nef resulted from enhanced nucleocytoplasmic transport of eEF1A with decreased release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and from increased tRNA binding to cytochrome c, ultimately leading to an inhibition of caspase activation. Our results indicate that HIV-1 Nef, through the nucleocytoplasmic relocalization of eEF1A and tRNAs, enhances resistance to stress-induced apoptosis in primary human macrophages.
Collapse
|
36
|
Khan KA, Zaidi S, Swan N, Browne R, Torreggiani W, Lane S, Moloney E. The use of computerised tomography guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration in the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012; 105:50-52. [PMID: 22455240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) has changed over the years with increased access to percutaneous computerised tomography (CT) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA), where bronchoscopy is unhelpful. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sample adequacy, diagnostic and complication rate of CT-FNA of a SPN at our academic teaching hospital over an 18 month period. CT-FNA was performed by a radiologist, with a cytopathologist in attendance to confirm the adequacy of the sample obtained. The size of the nodule, sample material and adequacy, diagnosis and complications were recorded. A total of 101 patients were included, 54 male and the mean age was 68 +/- 11 years. The mean size of the SPN was 2.3 cm (range 1-11 cm). 56 (56%) patients had a right SPN, 45 (45%) had a left SPN. CT-FNA was diagnostic in 80 (80%) patients and non-diagnostic in 21 (20%) patients. The sample was insufficient for immunocytochemistry, although the morphological appearance was diagnostic in 20 (25%) of the 80 patients. Pneumothorax occurred in 26/101 (26%) patients post CT-FNA, of these 7 (27%) required chest drain insertion, while 19 (73%) were managed conservatively. CT FNA is a useful tool for the diagnosis of a SPN, with our diagnostic accuracy comparable to that reported in the literature. However, CT-FNA may not provide adequate sample volume to perform ancillary testing and has a moderate complication rate.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Haroon TS, Hussain I, Aman S, Nagi AH, Ahmad I, Zahid M, Alvi KH, Iqba1 N, Khan KA. A randomized, double-blind, comparative study of terbinafine vs griseofulvin in tinea capitis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09546639209088698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
39
|
Aulton ME, Dyer AM, Khan KA. The Strength and Compaction of Millispheres: The design of a controlled-release drug delivery system for ibuprofen in the form of a tablet comprising compacted polymer-coated millispheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049409041969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
40
|
Desai UR, Bhatti RA, Khan KA, Rubowitz A. Sharp dissection of the Weiss ring to induce a posterior vitreous detachment. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:420-2. [PMID: 18303164 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Removal of the posterior hyaloid is an important aspect of pars plana vitrectomy surgery in cases including but not limited to macular holes. A surgical technique is described in which the Weiss ring can be easily detached from the optic nerve with little to no trauma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Khatun K, Mahtab H, Khanam PA, Sayeed MA, Khan KA. Oyster mushroom reduced blood glucose and cholesterol in diabetic subjects. Mymensingh Med J 2007; 16:94-9. [PMID: 17344789 DOI: 10.3329/mmj.v16i1.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that mushroom has beneficial effect of lowering blood glucose and cholesterol in diabetic subjects. The literature so far searched and found that there was no published data in this regard. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of reducing blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetic patients. Additionally, this study addressed whether there was any hepatic and renal toxicity of mushroom. This clinical investigation was conducted in BIRDEM hospital from July 2005 to January 2006. Eighty-nine subjects were recruited. Baseline investigations included height, weight, blood pressure (SBP, DBP), plasma glucose for fasting (FPG) and 2-h after-breakfast (2hPG), total cholesterol (T-chol), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c). Twenty- four days' study constitutes 7-days mushroom, 7-days no mushroom and then 7-days mushroom. Investigations were done at the start and each after every 7-days. Thirty subjects (M / F = 17 / 13) followed to ensure full compliance with the designed protocol for 24 days. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 46.3 (10) years. Mushroom significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, p<0.01; DBP, p<0.05). It also lowered both plasma glucose significantly (FPG & 2-hPG, p<0.001). Mushroom also lowered total cholesterol and TG significantly; whereas, there was no significant change in weight and HDL-c. When mushroom was withdrawn, there were significant increases of DBP, FPG, 2hPG, T-cholesterol and TG, whereas, no significant change was observed in weight, SBP and HDL-c. Restarting mushroom there was again significant reduction of blood glucose, TG and cholesterol. We conclude that mushroom significantly reduced blood glucose, blood pressure, TG and cholesterol of diabetic subjects without any deleterious effect on liver and kidney. The effect of mushroom may be investigated in a large sample for a longer duration to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Munuswamy-Ramanujam G, Khan KA, Lucas AR. Viral anti-inflammatory reagents: the potential for treatment of arthritic and vasculitic disorders. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2007; 6:331-43. [PMID: 17214579 DOI: 10.2174/187153006779025720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune responses are inherent in the development of progressive arthritic or vasculitic disorders. Arthritis is frequently associated with accelerated forms of vasculitis; atherosclerosis being one form of accelerated vasculitis that blocks blood flow causing heart attacks and strokes. The arterial supply is central to maintaining normal articular function and acts as a conduit for inflammatory (innate) and immune (antigen dependent) cell trafficking in joints. The vasculature in some cases can become inflamed in the disease process. While treatment of severely debilitating arthritic disorders has improved, some current treatments are limited to reducing symptoms while others act as disease modifying drugs (DMARDs), but may have limited success. Many current treatments also have reported adverse side effects. Vasculitic disorders are similarly debilitating with high associated morbidity and mortality and current therapy for these disorders is only partially successful. Immune-modifying agents, which alter vascular inflammation, thus have potential for application in rheumatologic diseases. Viral immune modulating proteins reduce early arterial inflammatory responses with associated reductions in atherosclerotic plaque development and transplant rejection in a wide range of animal models. A clinical trial utilizing one such viral reagent, a secreted myxomaviral serpin, is currently in progress, assessing treatment of acute coronary syndrome, a vascular syndrome with marked up-regulation of systemic inflammatory responses. In this review we examine viral anti-inflammatory proteins as potential therapeutic reagents for arthritic and vasculopathic disorders.
Collapse
|
43
|
Qin C, Lehew RT, Khan KA, Wienecke GM, Foreman RD. Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in rats. Neurosci Res 2007; 58:58-66. [PMID: 17324482 PMCID: PMC1989111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) of upper lumbar segments decreases visceromotor responses to mechanical stimuli in a sensitized rat colon and reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients. SCS applied to the upper cervical spinal dorsal column reduces pain of chronic refractory angina. Further, chemical stimulation of C1-C2 propriospinal neurons in rats modulates the responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to colorectal distension. The present study was designed to compare the effects of upper cervical and lumbar SCS on activity of lumbosacral neurons receiving noxious colorectal input. Extracellular potentials of L6-S2 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated male rats. SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 ms) at low intensity (90% of motor threshold) was applied to the dorsal column of upper cervical (C1-C2) or upper lumbar (L2-L3) ipsilateral spinal segments. Colorectal distension (CRD, 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 60 mmHg, 20s) was produced by air inflation of a latex balloon. Results showed that SCS applied to L2-L3 and C1-C2 segments significantly reduced the excitatory responses to noxious CRD from 417.6+/-68.0 to 296.3+/-53.6 imp (P<0.05, n=24) and from 336.2+/-64.5 to 225.0+/-73.3 imp (P<0.05, n=18), respectively. Effects of L2-L3 and C1-C2 SCS lasted 10.2+/-1.9 and 8.0+/-0.9 min after offset of CRD. Effects of SCS were observed on spinal neurons with either high or low-threshold excitatory responses to CRD. However, L2-L3 or C1-C2 SCS did not significantly affect inhibitory neuronal responses to CRD. C1-C2 SCS-induced effects were abolished by cutting the C7-C8 dorsal column but not by spinal transection at cervicomedullary junction. These data demonstrated that upper cervical or lumbar SCS modulated responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon, thereby, proved two loci for a potential therapeutic effect of SCS in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and other colonic disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Peer MA, Shah NA, Khan KA. Cellular automata and its advances to drug therapy for HIV infection. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2004; 42:131-7. [PMID: 15282943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives an over view of the use of cellular automata (CA) model of drug therapy for HIV infection. Nonuniform CA is employed to simulate drug treatment of HIV infection, where each computational domain may contain different CA rules, in contrast to normal uniform CA models. Ordinary (or partial) differential equation models are insufficient to describe the two extreme time scales involved in HIV infection (days and decades), as well as the implicit spatial heterogeneity. Zorzenon and Coutinho [Phy Rev Lett, 16 (2001) 1] reported a cellular automata approach to simulate three-phase patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection consisting of primary response, clinical latency and onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). But here we present a related model, based on non-uniform CA to study the dynamics of drug therapy of HIV infection. The main aim in this model is to simulate the four phases (acute, chronic, drug treatment responds and onset of AIDS). The results shown here indicate that both simulations (with and without treatments) evolve to the relatively same steady state (characteristics of Wolfram's class II behavior). Different kinds of drug therapies can also be simulated in this model, which can be found useful for developing a proper drug therapy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dean N, Khan KA. Re: Auditing carotid endarterectomy: a regional experience. J. Max Findlay, Linda Nykolyn, Tracey B. Can J Neurol Sci 2002; 29:326-332. Can J Neurol Sci 2003; 30:79. [PMID: 12619791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
|
46
|
Camillone N, Khan KA, Yarmoff JA, Osgood RM. Surface-reconstruction-switched adsorbate photofragmentation dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:056101. [PMID: 11497789 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Energy-resolved angular distributions of neutral fragments ejected during photoinduced electron transfer reaction of CH3Br on GaAs(100) exhibit three distinct methyl-radical ejection channels. These undergo marked changes when the termination is switched from the Ga-rich c(8 x 2) to the As-rich c(2 x 8). Our observations are consistent with a strong adsorption-site dependence of the dynamics.
Collapse
|
47
|
Nasir K, Khan KA, Kadri WM, Salim S, Tufail K, Sheikh HZ, Ali SA. Hepatitis B vaccination among health care workers and students of a medical college. J PAK MED ASSOC 2000; 50:239-43. [PMID: 10992702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the vaccination status against Hepatitis B among health care workers and students of a medical school. MATERIALS AND METHODS It is a descriptive study done at Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. The participants comprised of 206 health care workers of various categories and 327 medical students. The main outcome measure was vaccination status and reasons for non-vaccination. RESULTS Only 49% health care workers and 42.20% medical students were vaccinated. The main reasons for non-vaccination (47.7%) among health care workers was the high cost of vaccination, while the most often cited reason (33.7%) among medical student was the belief that they were not at risk. This belief was also prevalent among nurses (36.4%), laboratory workers (38.6%) and paramedics (33.2%). CONCLUSION In a low-income country like Pakistan the health institutions should bear the cost for vaccinating their staff. Efforts should also be made to impart appropriate health education regarding hepatitis B infection.
Collapse
|
48
|
Khan KA, Jalal S, Jan VM, Lone GM, Jan R, Alai MS, Iqbal K, Tramboo NA, Lone NA, Rather HA, Dar MA. Pulmonary function profile in chronic congestive heart failure and the effect of ipratropium bromide. Indian Heart J 2000; 52:297-300. [PMID: 10976150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five symptomatic patients of chronic heart failure were subjected to spirometry to detect abnormalities of pulmonary function and to assess the effect of ipratropium bromide in reversing or minimising these abnormalities. All the patients exhibited abnormal pulmonary function manifesting as obstructive (15/25) or restrictive (10/25) ventilatory defect. There was overall improvement in lung functions with ipratropium bromide especially in those with obstructive ventilatory defects and mostly comprised of smokers. Forced expiratory volume in one second increased by 47.7 percent (p < 0.02), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio by 14.1 percent (p < 0.001) and maximal voluntary ventilation by 40.6 percent (p < 0.05) in these patients. It is concluded that ipratropium bromide can prove as a promising adjunctive therapeutic intervention in improving quality of life in patients of chronic congestive heart failure who are incapacitated by dyspnoea and have clearly documented ventilatory defects.
Collapse
|
49
|
Cox PJ, Khan KA, Munday DL, Sujja-areevath J. Development and evaluation of a multiple-unit oral sustained release dosage form for S(+)-ibuprofen: preparation and release kinetics. Int J Pharm 1999; 193:73-84. [PMID: 10581424 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mini-matrix tablets containing S(+)-ibuprofen have been prepared by the wet granulation method. The hydrophilic matrix was formed with either xanthan gum, karaya gum or hydroxymethylcellulose (HPMC) together with a choice of additives from lactose, Encompress(R), Avicel(R) PH101, talc and Lubritab(R). Multiple unit dosage forms (MUDFs) were subsequently obtained by encapsulating the mini-matrix tablets into hard gelatin capsules. Preparation, in vitro release profiles and release kinetics are presented.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jalal S, Rather HA, Khan KA, Jan VM, Alai MS, Lone NA, Dar MA, Iqbal K, Tramboo NA. The role of myoglobin in early detection of acute myocardial infarction. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 1999; 47:846. [PMID: 10778646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|