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Hellwig SMM, Rodriguez ME, Berbers GAM, van de Winkel JGJ, Mooi FR. Crucial role of antibodies to pertactin in Bordetella pertussis immunity. J Infect Dis 2003; 188:738-42. [PMID: 12934190 DOI: 10.1086/377283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Accepted: 03/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, a serious infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis, is reemerging in vaccinated populations. Efforts to curtail this disease are hampered by limited insight into the basis of protective immunity. Opsonophagocytosis was recently found to play a central role in cellular bactericidal activity against B. pertussis. In the present study, we studied the specificity of opsonic antibodies. Anti-pertactin antibodies, but not anti-pertussis toxin, anti-fimbriae, or anti-filamentous hemagglutinin antibodies, were found to be crucial for B. pertussis phagocytosis. These data are consistent with field studies showing that levels of antibodies to pertactin correlate with protection.
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Luedde T, Rodriguez ME, Tacke F, Xiong Y, Brenner DA, Trautwein C. p18(INK4c) collaborates with other CDK-inhibitory proteins in the regenerating liver. Hepatology 2003; 37:833-41. [PMID: 12668976 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
p18(INK4c) belongs to the family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins that target the cyclin-dependent kinases and inhibit their catalytic activity. The role of p18(INK4c) for cell cycle progression in vivo is characterized poorly. Therefore, we studied the expression and physiologic relevance of p18 in quiescent and proliferating hepatocytes during liver regeneration. For our analysis we used single- (p18[INK4c], p27[KIP1], p21[CIP1/WAF1]), and double-mutant (p18/p21, p18/p27) mice. p18 expression was found in quiescent hepatocytes and a slight up-regulation was evident after partial hepatectomy (PH). p18 knockout animals showed normal cell cycle progression after PH. However, when p18/p21 and p18/p27 double-mutant mice were used, differences in cell cycle progression were evident compared with wild-type (wt) and single knockout animals. In p18/p21 knockout animals, the G1 phase was shortened as evidenced by an earlier onset of cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activation after PH. In contrast, in p18/p27 knockout animals, the G1 phase was unchanged, but the amount of proliferating hepatocytes (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine [BrdU] and PCNA positive) 48 hours after PH was elevated. In conclusion, our results suggest that p18 is involved in cell cycle progression after PH. Additionally we provide evidence that timing and strength of DNA synthesis in hepatocytes after PH is regulated tightly through the collaboration of different cell cycle inhibitors.
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Rodriguez ME, Hellwig SM, Hozbor DF, Leusen J, van der Pol WL, van de Winkel JG. Fc receptor-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:6545-51. [PMID: 11714823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.11.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relevance of specific Abs for the induction of cellular effector functions against Bordetella pertussis was studied. IgG-opsonized B. pertussis was efficiently phagocytosed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). This process was mediated by the PMN IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa (CD32) and FcgammaRIIIb (CD16), working synergistically. Furthermore, these FcgammaR triggered efficient PMN respiratory burst activity and mediated transfer of B. pertussis to lysosomal compartments, ultimately resulting in reduced bacterial viability. Bacteria opsonized with IgA triggered similar PMN activation via FcalphaR (CD89). Simultaneous engagement of FcalphaRI and FcgammaR by B. pertussis resulted in increased phagocytosis rates, compared with responses induced by either isotype alone. These data provide new insights into host immune mechanisms against B. pertussis and document a crucial role for Ig-FcR interactions in immunity to this human pathogen.
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Rodriguez ME. [The movement from the humoral theory of disease to the birth of the modern clinic in Mexico]. QUIPU 2001; 9:297-306. [PMID: 11640694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This article refers to the time when the "Real y Pontificia Universidad de México" was closed and the Establecimiento de Ciencias Médicas (Medical Sciences Establishment) was created in 1833. Due to this historical event, it was done firstly as an epistemological approach in the history of medicine in Mexico; this is to say, disease concept changed. Instead of the Humoral Theory, the Biological Model regarding the lesion was developed. This model supports that disease is an anatomical or functional disturbance in the human body. The research, theoretically, is based on the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard.
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Rodriguez ME. [Dr. Nicolás León and physical anthropology]. BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE HISTORIA Y FILOSOFIA DE LA MEDICINA 2001; 12:42-8. [PMID: 11638034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Martinez A, Rodriguez ME, Wells ML, York SW, Preston JF, Ingram LO. Detoxification of dilute acid hydrolysates of lignocellulose with lime. Biotechnol Prog 2001; 17:287-93. [PMID: 11312706 DOI: 10.1021/bp0001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of hemicellulose to monomeric sugars by dilute acid hydrolysis is accompanied by the production of inhibitors that retard microbial fermentation. Treatment of hot hydrolysate with Ca(OH)(2) (overliming) is an effective method for detoxification. Using ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst, our results indicate that the optimal lime addition for detoxification varies and depends on the concentration of mineral acids and organic acids in each hydrolysate. This optimum was shown to be readily predicted on the basis of the titration of hydrolysate with 2 N NaOH at ambient temperature to either pH 7.0 or pH 11.0. The average composition of 15 hydrolysates prior to treatment was as follows (per L): 95.24 +/- 7.29 g sugar, 5.3 +/- 2.99 g acetic acid, 1.305 +/- 0.288 g total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural), and 2.86 +/- 0.34 g phenolic compounds. Optimal overliming resulted in a 51 +/- 9% reduction of total furans, a 41 +/- 6% reduction in phenolic compounds, and a 8.7 +/- 4.5% decline in sugar. Acetic acid levels were unchanged. Considering the similarity of microorganisms, it is possible that the titration method described here may also prove useful for detoxification and fermentation processes using other microbial biocatalysts.
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van der Pol W, Vidarsson G, Vilé HA, van de Winkel JG, Rodriguez ME. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific IgA triggers efficient neutrophil effector functions via FcalphaRI (CD89). J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1139-45. [PMID: 10979910 DOI: 10.1086/315825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2000] [Revised: 06/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific anti-capsular polysaccharide IgG is believed to be important for protection against infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Significant IgA responses have been observed after vaccination with pneumococcal vaccines, but the role of this isotype in anti-pneumococcal host defense is unclear. Here, it is shown that purified serum IgA specific for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides can initiate efficient cellular effector functions, such as phagocytosis, via interaction with the myeloid IgA receptor, FcalphaRI (CD89). The efficiency of FcalphaR-triggered granulocyte effector functions was comparable to that of FcgammaRIIa (CD32), as shown in experiments with bispecific antibodies. These results support a role for polysaccharide-specific IgA in antipneumococcal cellular effector function and suggest that FcalphaRI represents an important leukocyte receptor for immunity against S. pneumoniae.
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Martinez A, Rodriguez ME, York SW, Preston JF, Ingram LO. Effects of Ca(OH)(2) treatments ("overliming") on the composition and toxicity of bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 69:526-36. [PMID: 10898862 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20000905)69:5<526::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose syrups from dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysates of hemicellulose contain inhibitors that prevent efficient fermentation by yeast or bacteria. It is well known that the toxicity of these hydrolysate syrups can be ameliorated by optimized "overliming" with Ca(OH)(2). We have investigated the optimization of overliming treatments for sugar cane bagasse hydrolysates (primarily pentose sugars) using recombinant Escherichia coli LY01 as the biocatalyst. A comparison of composition before and after optimal overliming revealed a substantial reduction in furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and three unidentified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks. Organic acids (acetic, formic, levulinic) were not affected. Similar changes have been reported after overliming of spruce hemicellulose hydrolysates (Larsson et al., 1999). Our studies further demonstrated that the extent of furan reduction correlated with increasing fermentability. However, furan reduction was not the sole cause for reduced toxicity. After optimal overliming, bagasse hydrolysate was rapidly and efficiently fermented (>90% yield) by LY01. During these studies, titration, and conductivity were found to be in excellent agreement as methods to estimate sulfuric acid content. Titration was also found to provide an estimate of total organic acids in hydrolysate, which agreed well with the sum of acetic, levulinic, and formic acids obtained by HPLC. Titration of acids, measurement of pH before and after treatment, and furan analyses are proposed as relatively simple methods to monitor the reproducibility of hydrolysate preparations and the effectiveness of overliming treatments.
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Martinez A, Rodriguez ME, York SW, Preston JF, Ingram LO. Use of UV absorbance To monitor furans in dilute acid hydrolysates of biomass. Biotechnol Prog 2000; 16:637-41. [PMID: 10933839 DOI: 10.1021/bp0000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple method based on UV spectra was developed for the estimation of total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) in hemicellulose hydrolysates. UV spectra of hemicellulose hydrolysate contained a single dominant peak at around 278 nm. Approximately two-thirds of this peak can be attributed to furan absorbance (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural). At 284 nm, both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural have equal absorbance on a weight basis. A comparison of HPLC determinations for different samples of hydrolysate was used to develop a simple equation that allows the accurate prediction of total furans based on the difference in absorbance at 284 and 320 nm. This method may prove useful for quality control applications during the production of biomass syrups using a dilute acid hydrolysis process and during treatments for the amelioration of toxins. Although furans represent only a portion of the toxins present in hemicellulose hydrolysates, the abundance of furans appears to serve as a useful marker to predict relative toxicity.
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Hozbor D, Rodriguez ME, Fernández J, Lagares A, Guiso N, Yantorno O. Release of outer membrane vesicles from Bordetella pertussis. Curr Microbiol 1999; 38:273-8. [PMID: 10355115 DOI: 10.1007/pl00006801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the production of Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Numerous vesicles released from cells grown in Stainer-Scholte liquid medium were observed. The formation of similar vesicle-like structures could also be artificially induced by sonication of concentrated bacterial suspensions. Immunoblot analysis showed that OMVs contain adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly), among other polypeptides, as well as the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experiments carried out employing purified AC-Hly and OMVs isolated from B. pertussis AC-Hly- showed that AC-Hly is an integral component of the vesicles. OMVs reported here contain several protective immunogens and might be considered a possible basic material for the development of acellular pertussis vaccines.
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Rodriguez ME, van der Pol WL, Sanders LA, van de Winkel JG. Crucial role of FcgammaRIIa (CD32) in assessment of functional anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody activity in human sera. J Infect Dis 1999; 179:423-33. [PMID: 9878027 DOI: 10.1086/314603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) constitutes the main defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two leukocyte IgG receptors, FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIb, are constitutively expressed on PMNL. Blocking experiments showed FcgammaRIIa is crucial for opsonophagocytosis of serum-opsonized S. pneumoniae. The biallelic, genetically determined FcgammaRIIa polymorphism (FcgammaRIIa-R131 vs. IIa-H131) determines the capacity of IgG2-mediated phagocytosis via this receptor. Comparative studies with PMNL from donors either homozygous for FcgammaRIIa-R131 or IIa-H131 showed the latter had higher phagocytic capacity. These results were confirmed in FcgammaRIIa-R131- and FcgammaRIIa-H131-transfected IIA1.6 cells. The performance of FcgammaRIIa-transfected cells in S. pneumoniae phagocytosis was validated using sera from adults and children. Serum-induced phagocytic activity depended mainly on anti-pneumococcal IgG2 antibodies. Results obtained with PMNL and IIA1.6 cells showed high correlation (r=0.94; P<.001), and support that FcgammaRIIa transfectants are a good alternative to PMNL as effector cells in opsonophagocytosis assays.
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Rodriguez ME, van den Dobbelsteen GP, Oomen LA, de Weers O, van Buren L, Beurret M, Poolman JT, Hoogerhout P. Immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6B and 14 polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates and the effect of uncoupled polysaccharide on the antigen-specific immune response. Vaccine 1998; 16:1941-9. [PMID: 9796048 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of two types of Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates (PS6BTT and PS14TT) was evaluated in mice. Both conjugates induced high titres of high avidity type-specific anti-PS IgG, which include all IgG isotypes except IgG2a. Repeated immunization resulted in booster responses in both cases. The antibodies induced exhibited opsonic activity, as measured in an in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay, using the mouse macrophage cell line RAW-264. Furthermore, the influence of spiking PS6BTT with free PS6B of either 1000 kDa (native) or 37 kDa was investigated. The results indicate that not only the amount but also the molecular weight of the free PS6B present in the conjugate vaccine affect the anti-PS6B immune response. Large amounts of free PS6B of both molecular weights decrease each anti-PS6B IgG isotype response. However, unlike admixture of the low molecular weight PS6B, addition of the high molecular weight PS6B leads to a rather persistent state of unresponsiveness.
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Guillermo A, Rodriguez ME. Neurological diagnosis on a reported case of chromosome 10 qter deletion. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE 1998; 152:1154-5. [PMID: 9811300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Ueda K, Yamaoka K, Rodriguez ME, Shibukawa A, Nakagawa T. Enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in perfused rat liver. Drug Metab Dispos 1997; 25:281-6. [PMID: 9172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective local disposition of semotiadil (R-enantiomer) and levosemotiadil (S-enantiomer) in rat liver was investigated in the single-pass perfusion system containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). After an instantaneous injection of semotiadil, levosemotiadil, or Evans Blue (a marker of BSA), each outflow time profile from the liver was analyzed by a two-compartment dispersion model. The recovery ratio, FH (1.88 +/- 0.28%), of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (8.99 +/- 1.40%) of levosemotiadil. The mean transit time, fH (0.146 +/- 0.014 min) of semotiadil was significantly smaller than that (0.191 +/- 0.012 min) of levosemotiadil. The biliary excretion kinetics of these enantiomers was also evaluated by moment analysis. The parent compound (semotiadil or levosemotiadil) was not detected in bile, but four metabolites generated from each parent enantiomer were found in the bile. A portion (16.5 +/- 1.2%) of the drug eliminated by the liver was recovered as R-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of semotiadil, whereas 11.2 +/- 1.6% was recovered as S-metabolites in the bile within 1 hr after an injection of levosemotiadil. This excreted percentage into the bile was significantly different between R- and S-metabolites. The mean biliary excretion time MRTe (19.1 +/- 2.2 min) of total R-metabolites was significantly larger than that (14.8 +/- 1.1 min) of total S-metabolites. In conclusion, stereo-selectivity was suggested both at the hepatic elimination of the parent compound and at the biliary excretion of the metabolites.
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Rodriguez ME, Hozbor DF, Yantorno OM. Effect of hydromechanical stress on cellular antigens of Bordetella pertussis. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 1996; 17:53-5. [PMID: 8987690 DOI: 10.1007/bf01570149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells of Bordetella pertussis grown in a bioreactor under stirring conditions were studied to investigate the effect of shear stress on cellular-bound filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA). FHA attached to the bacterial surface, unlike extracellular FHA, was not affected at the shear levels tested. Moreover, no other cellular immunogen involved in the whole-cell protective activity seemed to be affected by hydromechanical forces.
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Beauchamp LM, Tuttle JV, Rodriguez ME, Sznaidman ML. Guanine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (8-azaguanine) phosphonate acyclic derivatives as inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. J Med Chem 1996; 39:949-56. [PMID: 8632418 DOI: 10.1021/jm950736k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonate acyclic derivates of guanines, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and triazolo[4,5-d]-pyrimidines (8-azaguanines) are inhibitors of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) with Ki' values ranging from 0.05 to 1.6 microM. These compounds are enzymatically stable congeners of the potent PNPase inhibitor acyclovir diphosphate (53).
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Hozbor D, Chirdo FG, Rodriguez ME, Valverde C, Yantorno O. Quantitation of adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Biologicals 1995; 23:279-84. [PMID: 8825856 DOI: 10.1006/biol.1995.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis produces extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase toxin (AC) which has received considerable attention as a potential vaccine candidate. Great interest from laboratories involved in production, purification and quality control of acellular pertussis vaccine is focused on finding an appropriate technique for rapid and accurate quantitation of AC antigen. In this paper a competitive ELISA is proposed. A polystyrene microplate coated with purified AC was incubated with the sample to be tested plus anti-AC serum. The bound anti-AC antibodies were measured by sequential reaction with alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-mouse IgG and p-nitrophenylphosphate. This method showed high specificity, with the 50% inhibition corresponding to 4 micrograms/ml of AC. It also proved to be useful to assess the presence of AC in culture supernatants, with high reproducibility.
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Hozbor D, Rodriguez ME, Yantorno O. Use of cyclodextrin as an agent to induce excretion of Bordetella pertussis antigens. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1994; 9:117-24. [PMID: 7804162 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1994.tb00482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to provide an explanation for the effect of cyclodextrin on the yield of Bordetella pertussis soluble antigens. It was demonstrated that the addition of cyclodextrin to the synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium enhances the level of the intracellular form of adenylate cyclase (200 kDa) in the supernate. In addition to this effect, it has been reported that cyclodextrin also enhances the levels of two other extracellular proteins, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. As these antigens are structurally different, it seems that the effect of cyclodextrin is not specific. With the use of different buffer systems of well-known action on outer membrane stability it was possible to determine a relationship between the presence of cyclodextrin, destabilisation of the outer membrane and the release of proteins. It was determined that the cyclodextrin did not modify the fluidity of B. pertussis cells but produced a change of outer membrane permeability.
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Rodriguez ME, Artieda J, Zubieta JL, Obeso JA. Reflex myoclonus in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57:316-9. [PMID: 8158179 PMCID: PMC1072821 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.57.3.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of reflex myoclonus in response to touching and pin-pricking the wrist or stretching the fingers and to photic stimulation was assessed in 24 patients with a presumed diagnosis of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) and in 30 age matched control subjects. Reflex myoclonus to soma-esthetic stimulation was found in 23 patients and in none of the controls. Photic myoclonus was present in 12 patients and in none of the controls. Electrophysiological study of the reflex myoclonus showed enhanced (> 10 microV) somatosensory evoked potentials and an associated reflex electromyographic discharge (C-wave) in 15 patients. These findings indicate that reflex myoclonus is common in OPCA and probably of cortical origin.
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Hozbor D, Rodriguez ME, Samo A, Lagares A, Yantorno O. Release of lipopolysaccharide during Bordetella pertussis growth. Res Microbiol 1993; 144:201-9. [PMID: 8210677 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of (2,6-O-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (Me beta CD) during growth of Bordetella pertussis in synthetic Stainer-Scholte liquid medium (SS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) release was investigated. The Me beta CD concentration used (3 mg/ml) was chosen according to the optimal level found in previous studies to enhance major soluble antigen production. The profiles in SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of LPS extracted from cells grown in SS and SS + Me beta CD media revealed similar patterns. Although the LPS content of whole cells decreased during cell growth, yields obtained at different growth periods in cyclodextrin medium were lower than those corresponding to SS medium alone. Consequently, the level of LPS released in supernatants of both media increased during cellular growth. This amount of free LPS was higher in the cyclodextrin liquid medium and became significant at the beginning of the stationary growth phase. Binding of cyclodextrin to pertussis cells could account for the data obtained. Similar results were obtained with all species of the genus Bordetella.
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Gonzalez RR, Robaina R, Rodriguez ME, Blanca S. An enzyme immunoassay for determining total thyroxine in human serum using an ultramicroanalytical system. Clin Chim Acta 1991; 197:159-70. [PMID: 1904803 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(91)90137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid competitive ultramicroElisa assay has been developed for the measurement of total thyroxine (T4) using only 10 microliters of serum. Our novel UME is based on fluorescence measurements of the hydrolytic product of 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. T4-beta-Galactosidase conjugates and monoclonal antibodies were immobilized on polyvinyl plates, with sodium salicylate used as a blocking agent for thyroxine binding protein. The analytical steps were carried out using a semiautomated batch-assay system entitled "SUMA" (system for ultramicroanalysis). The T4 assay was completed in 2 h, with a measuring range of 24-386 nmol/L. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 4.6-6.9% and the inter-assay C.V. 9.0-12.4% depending on the T4 concentrations. Percentage recovery ranged from 99.2-111%. Regression analysis showed a good correlation with an established radioimmunoassay (n = 121, r = 0.946, P less than 0.01).
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Rodriguez ME, Luquin MR, Lera G, Delgado G, Salazar JM, Obeso JA. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome treated with subcutaneous lisuride infusion. Mov Disord 1990; 5:170-2. [PMID: 2325680 DOI: 10.1002/mds.870050215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A schizophrenic patient developed a characteristic clinical picture of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) while admitted to the hospital during an exacerbation of his psychiatric symptoms. Oral treatment of the NMS with bromocriptine (7.5 mg/day) or levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg) provoked intense vomiting in spite of domperidone (60 mg/day), which led to their discontinuation. In view of the deterioration of the symptoms, treatment was begun with lisuride (1-2 mg/24 h) subcutaneously. An obvious improvement was shown in 24 h, but levodopa/carbidopa (125/12.5 mg t.d.s. orally) had to be added later to achieve complete resolution of the NMS. During the recovery phase, while being treated with subcutaneous lisuride infusion and levodopa (p.o.), the patient presented with confusion, agitation, and hallucination. Lisuride infusion was stopped and levodopa was continued until complete resolution of the NMS. This case indicates that parenteral administration of lisuride or other dopamine agents such as levodopa (i.v.) or apomorphine (s.c.) may be considered an effective and practical way of treating NMS, particularly when the patient's condition makes it difficult or impossible to use other dopaminergic drugs by the oral route.
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Obeso JA, Grandas F, Vaamonde J, Luquin MR, Artieda J, Lera G, Rodriguez ME, Martinez-Lage JM. Motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1989; 39:11-9. [PMID: 2685647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations and dyskinesias are the 2 main motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy. Striatal denervation following degeneration of the substantia nigra dopaminergic projections is probably the major pathophysiologic mechanism underlying motor fluctuations. In addition, pathologic modification of striatal receptors, partially related to the nonphysiologic delivery of levodopa in a discontinuous pulsatile mode, may be responsible for the various types of dyskinesias and sudden "off" episodes. Drugs capable of providing a stable dopaminergic stimulation should be particularly useful for preventing the development of motor complications in patients not yet treated. At the other end of the clinical spectrum, patients with complex fluctuations are the least likely to improve with slow-release levodopa preparations.
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McMillen BA, DaVanzo EA, Song AH, Scott SM, Rodriguez ME. Effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on isolation-induced aggression in male mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 160:149-53. [PMID: 2565815 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of classical, atypical and putative antipsychotic drugs were compared for their ability to inhibit isolation-induced intraspecies aggression with affinity for D-2 dopamine receptors and induction of akinesia. The majority of drugs tested significantly inhibited aggressive behavior only after doses that greatly decreased the ability of mice to move. Even though akinesia seemed to account for inhibition of aggression there was no apparent correlation with binding to striatal D-2 receptors.
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Abstract
This paper is a comprehensive review of the available information about alcohol consumption in Spain. Alcohol use is the most severe drug problem among both young people and adults; almost half the Spanish population drink daily, and more than a fourth drink a quantity of alcohol sufficient to cause health problems in the long term. The consumption of alcohol may be considered to be culturally rooted when compared with other drug use which follows a more recent epidemic pattern. For those who use other drugs, for example cannabis and cocaine, alcohol is commonly used in conjunction. Clearly the level of alcohol use and abuse is high in Spain and constitutes a severe public health and socioeconomic problem.
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