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Kawashima Y, Jin MB, Urakami A, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Ishizaki N, Shimamura T, Totsuka E, Lee RG, Subbotin VM, Starzl TE, Todo S. Amelioration of liver damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion with FR167653; a newly synthesized cytokine suppressive antiinflammatory drug. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:49-52. [PMID: 9474953 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)01175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Madariaga JR, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Lee RG, Irish W, Starzl TE. Liver resection for hilar and peripheral cholangiocarcinomas: a study of 62 cases. Ann Surg 1998; 227:70-9. [PMID: 9445113 PMCID: PMC1191175 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199801000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze a single center's 14-year experience with 62 consecutive patients with hilar (HCCA) and peripheral (PCCA) cholangiocarcinomas. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Long-term survival after surgical treatment of HCCA and PCCA has been poor. METHODS From March 1981 until December 1994, 62 consecutive patients with HCCA (n = 28) and PCCA (n = 34) underwent surgical treatment. The operations were individualized and included local excision of the tumor and suprapancreatic bile duct, lymph node dissection, vascular reconstruction, and subtotal hepatectomy. Clinical and pathologic risk factors were examined for prognostic influence. RESULTS Patients were followed for a median of 25 months (12-102 months). Postoperative morbidity and mortality (at 30 days) were 32% and 14%, respectively, for HCCA and 24% and 6% for PCCA. The survival rates for HCCA and PCCA were 79% (+/-8%) and 67% (+/-8%) at 1 year; 39% (+/-10%) and 40% (+/-9%) at 3 years; and 8% (+/-7%) and 35% (+/-10%) at 5 years, respectively. The median survival was 24 (+/-4) months for HCCA and 19 (+/-8) months for PCCA. The disease-free survival rates for HCCA and PCCA were 85% (+/-10%) and 77% (+/-9%) at 1 year; 18% (+/-11%) and 41% (+/-12%) at 3 years; and 18% (+/-11%) and 41% (+/-12%) at 5 years, respectively. Nearly 80% of these patients had TNM stage IV tumors. With HCCA, no risk factors were associated with patient survival. For PCCA, multiple tumors (relative risk [RR] = 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-10.5) and incomplete resection (RR = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.3-29.6) were independently associated with a worse prognosis. For HCCA, there was a trend for lower disease-free survival in females (p = 0.056; log rank test). For PCCA, tumor size >5 cm was the only factor associated with disease recurrence (p = 0.024; log rank test). CONCLUSIONS Even though rare, 5-year survival by resection can be achieved in both HCCA and PCCA, but new adjuvant treatments are clearly needed.
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Demetris AJ, Seaberg EC, Batts KP, Ferrell L, Lee RG, Markin R, Detre KM. Chronic liver allograft rejection: a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases interinstitutional study analyzing the reliability of current criteria and proposal of an expanded definition. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22:28-39. [PMID: 9422313 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199801000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the inter and intrarater agreement for the histopathologic features and diagnosis of chronic rejection (CR) and several other important causes of late liver allograft dysfunction. On two occasions, five pathologists, experienced with liver transplantation, reviewed a set of 49 slides representing a range of diagnoses, without knowledge of the clinical history or liver injury test results. The readings were correlated with the original histopathologic diagnosis, liver injury tests, and clinicopathologic follow-up. Assessment of biopsy adequacy (kappa = 0.69) and portal tract counts (kappa = 0.79) showed good to excellent intrarater agreement, whereas interrater agreement for these variables was moderate to good, respectively (kappa = 0.44 and 0.65). Likewise, the intrarater agreement for the diagnosis of CR (kappa = 0.68), hepatitis (kappa = 0.77), and obstructive cholangiopathy (kappa = 0.55) showed good to excellent agreement, whereas the interrater agreement for these same diagnoses ranged from fair to good (kappa = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.25, respectively). In 18 specimens, there was a near unanimous diagnosis of CR across both readings. These biopsies were obtained at a median of 7.1 months (range, 42 days to 4.9 years) after transplantation, and the average number of portal tracts was 8.4 (range, 4-15). Interestingly, only 13 of these 18 specimens showed bile duct loss in >50% of the portal triads; the remaining cases showed atrophy/pyknosis of the biliary epithelium in a majority of small bile ducts. Clinicopathologic correlation showed that these 18 biopsies were obtained from 16 grafts from 15 patients, 14 of whom ultimately required retransplantation or died of or with CR, whereas two of the grafts/patients recovered. A high rate of sensitivity (92%) and a somewhat lower, but acceptable, rate of specificity (71% to 80%) was found for the diagnosis of CR. Chronic rejection and other causes of late liver allograft dysfunction can be diagnosed reliably by a group of pathologists experienced with liver transplantation, and the diagnosis of CR correlates with clinical course and liver function abnormalities. Expanded criteria for the diagnosis of CR are presented, and potential problem areas for practicing pathologists are discussed.
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Lee RG, Tsamandas AC, Demetris AJ. Large cell change (liver cell dysplasia) and hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: matched case-control study, pathological analysis, and pathogenetic hypothesis. Hepatology 1997; 26:1415-22. [PMID: 9397980 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510260607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Large cell change (LCC), characterized by cellular enlargement, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromasia, and multinucleation of hepatocytes, is a common lesion in cirrhotic livers, but its nature, significance, and pathogenesis remain uncertain. Therefore, we assessed the prognostic value of LCC as a marker of subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a case-control study that compared pretransplant liver biopsy specimens from 37 cirrhotic liver transplant recipients with HCC to specimens from a control group of recipients without HCC, matched for sex, age (+/-5 years), and cause of cirrhosis. LCC was identified in 16 (43%) of the study and 7 (19%) of the control group biopsy specimens. By matched-pair analysis, LCC conveyed a moderately increased risk of later HCC with an estimated odds ratio of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.2-15; P = .038). However, a pathology review of 45 HCCs showed adjoining LCC in only 12 (27%) and did not suggest a morphological transition or a histogenetic association between the two lesions. LCC hepatocytes displayed a low proliferative rate by Ki-67 or proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining (labeling indices of 0.27 and 0.73) but showed a greater degree of apoptosis than normal hepatocytes (labeling indices of 1.9 and 0.23; P = .03) To reconcile these findings, we propose that LCC derives from derangements in the hepatocyte's normal process of polyploidization. Such derangements, possibly caused by chronic inflammation-induced DNA damage, could yield a population of enlarged liver cells with nuclear atypia and pleomorphism, frequent binuclearity, and minimal proliferation. According to this hypothesis, LCC would be a habitual feature of cirrhosis and a regular accompaniment of HCC but would not represent a direct malignant precursor.
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Saad RS, Demetris AJ, Lee RG, Kusne S, Randhawa PS. Adenovirus hepatitis in the adult allograft liver. Transplantation 1997; 64:1483-5. [PMID: 9392318 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199711270-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus hepatitis in the allograft liver is an uncommon condition hitherto recognized only in pediatric patients. We describe two adult cases. METHODS Clinical information was obtained by reviewing the medical records. The diagnosis of adenoviral infection was made by immunohistochemistry or culture. RESULTS Both patients had received recent antirejection treatment and presented with fever, hepatic dysfunction, and progressive leukopenia. One patient had some viral inclusions resembling those described in herpes simplex infections. Adenovirus was cultured from the liver in both cases and from the lung in one case. Both patients were treated by decreasing the immunosuppression and intravenous acyclovir, but died. CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus infection should be considered when evaluating adult liver transplant patients with necrotizing lesions or microabscess formation at allograft biopsy. A review of the literature shows that most previously reported infections have led to graft loss or death, but occasional remissions of disease are also on record.
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Shakil AO, Pinna A, Demetris J, Lee RG, Fung JJ, Rakela J. Survival and quality of life after liver transplantation for acute alcoholic hepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [PMID: 9346746 DOI: 10.1002/lt.500030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of liver transplantation for ALD remains limited because of ethical arguments and also because of the perception of poor outcome after transplantation. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis are known to do as well as patients with nonalcoholic liver disease after receiving liver allografts; however, the outcome in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis in this setting is unclear. We studied 9 liver transplant recipients in whom severe acute alcoholic hepatitis was retrospectively diagnosed; 8 had underlying cirrhosis, and 1 had advanced fibrosis. All had Maddrey's discriminant function > 32, and most had hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. History regarding abstinence was unreliable in some patients. Episodes of acute cellular rejection responded quickly to therapy, and despite recidivism in some patients, long-term survival was comparable to that of patients receiving transplants with alcoholic cirrhosis alone and those with a milder degree of alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. This study suggests that severe acute alcoholic hepatitis may not be an appropriate contraindication for liver transplantation.
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Casavilla FA, Marsh JW, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Lee RG, Madariaga JR, Pinna A, Dvorchik I, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Hepatic resection and transplantation for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1997. [PMID: 9358085 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)00953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications have questioned the role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in treating advanced or unresectable peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (Ch-Ca). STUDY DESIGN We reviewed our experience with Ch-Ca to determine survival rates, recurrence patterns, and risk factors in 54 patients who underwent either hepatic resection or OLT between 1981 and 1994. Liver transplantation was performed in patients with unresectable tumors (n = 12) and in those with advanced cirrhosis (n = 8). There were 33 women (61%) and 21 men (39%), with a mean age of 54.3 years. The median followup period was 6.8 years. Prognostic risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Mortality within 30 days was 7.4%. Overall patient and tumor-free survival rates were 64% and 57% at 1 year, 34% and 34% at 3 years, and 26% and 27% at 5 years after operation. Thirty-two patients (59.3%) experienced tumor recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that multiple tumors, bilobar tumor distribution, regional lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis, positive surgical margins, and advanced pTNM stages were significant negative predictors of both tumor-free and patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive margins, multiple tumors, and lymph node involvement were independently associated with poor prognosis. When patients with these three negative predictors were excluded, the patient survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years were 74%, 64%, and 62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both hepatic resection and OLT are effective therapies for Ch-Ca when the tumor can be removed with adequate margins, the lesion is singular, and lymph nodes are not involved.
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Casavilla FA, Marsh JW, Iwatsuki S, Todo S, Lee RG, Madariaga JR, Pinna A, Dvorchik I, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Hepatic resection and transplantation for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. J Am Coll Surg 1997; 185:429-36. [PMID: 9358085 PMCID: PMC2958518 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(97)00088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications have questioned the role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in treating advanced or unresectable peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (Ch-Ca). STUDY DESIGN We reviewed our experience with Ch-Ca to determine survival rates, recurrence patterns, and risk factors in 54 patients who underwent either hepatic resection or OLT between 1981 and 1994. Liver transplantation was performed in patients with unresectable tumors (n = 12) and in those with advanced cirrhosis (n = 8). There were 33 women (61%) and 21 men (39%), with a mean age of 54.3 years. The median followup period was 6.8 years. Prognostic risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Mortality within 30 days was 7.4%. Overall patient and tumor-free survival rates were 64% and 57% at 1 year, 34% and 34% at 3 years, and 26% and 27% at 5 years after operation. Thirty-two patients (59.3%) experienced tumor recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that multiple tumors, bilobar tumor distribution, regional lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis, positive surgical margins, and advanced pTNM stages were significant negative predictors of both tumor-free and patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive margins, multiple tumors, and lymph node involvement were independently associated with poor prognosis. When patients with these three negative predictors were excluded, the patient survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years were 74%, 64%, and 62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both hepatic resection and OLT are effective therapies for Ch-Ca when the tumor can be removed with adequate margins, the lesion is singular, and lymph nodes are not involved.
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Pinna AD, Iwatsuki S, Lee RG, Todo S, Madariaga JR, Marsh JW, Casavilla A, Dvorchik I, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Treatment of fibrolamellar hepatoma with subtotal hepatectomy or transplantation. Hepatology 1997; 26:877-83. [PMID: 9328308 PMCID: PMC3005350 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510260412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatoma (FL-HCC) is an uncommon variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), distinguished by histopathological features suggesting greater differentiation than conventional HCC. However, the optimal treatment and the prognosis of FL-HCC have been controversial. Follow-up studies are available from 1 year to 27 years, after 41 patients with FL-HCC were treated with partial hepatectomy (PHx) (28 patients) or liver transplantation (13 patients). In this retrospective study, the effect on outcome was determined for the pTNM stage and other prognostic factors routinely recorded at the time of surgery. Cumulative survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 97.6%, 72.3%, 66.2%, and 47.4%. Tumor-free survival at these times was 80.3%, 49.4%, 33%, and 29.3%. The TNM stage was significantly associated with tumor-free survival. Patients with positive nodes had a shorter tumor-free survival than those with negative nodes (P < .015). Patient survival was most adversely affected by the presence of vascular invasion (P < .05). FL-HCC is an indolently growing tumor of the liver, which usually was diagnosed in our patients at a stage too advanced for effective surgical treatment of most conventional HCC. Nevertheless, long-term survival frequently was achieved with aggressive surgical treatment. When a subtotal hepatectomy could not be performed, total hepatectomy (THx) with liver transplantation was a valuable option.
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Lee RG, Compton CC. Protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with esophageal carcinoma. A basis for checklists. The Cancer Committee, College of American Pathologists, and the Task Force on the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Esophageal Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1997; 121:925-9. [PMID: 9302923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tsamandas AC, Jain AB, Felekouras ES, Fung JJ, Demetris AJ, Lee RG. Central venulitis in the allograft liver: a clinicopathologic study. Transplantation 1997; 64:252-7. [PMID: 9256183 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199707270-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central venulitis denotes a histologic lesion of the allograft liver characterized by perivenular and subendothelial mononuclear inflammation of the terminal hepatic venules associated with varying degrees of perivenular hepatocyte dropout. Although this lesion has generally been considered a manifestation of acute rejection, some have suggested that it instead represents tacrolimus hepatotoxicity. METHODS We therefore compared the clinicopathologic features of 30 episodes of isolated central venulitis with 22 episodes of combined central venulitis and typical portal acute rejection occurring in 27 patients. Nineteen of the patients received tacrolimus and eight received cyclosporine as primary immunosuppression. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the two groups, except that isolated central venulitis more often displayed a mild inflammatory component (P=0.007) with small lymphocytes as the predominant cell type (P=0.002). None of the patients had tacrolimus or cyclosporine levels that exceeded the therapeutic range, and none had other clinical evidence of drug toxicity. Usual antirejection therapy was instituted in all but two episodes; response was evident in 93% (28 of 30) of the isolated central venulitis and 86% (19 of 22) of the central venulitis-portal acute rejection group, with histologic regression documented in all follow-up specimens (four and five, respectively). Due to persistent central venulitis, two cyclosporine patients were switched to tacrolimus, with prompt resolution. CONCLUSIONS These findings are inconsistent with the concept that central venulitis represents drug toxicity and indicate instead that it is a form of acute allograft rejection.
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Safyan EL, Veerabagu MP, Swerdlow SH, Lee RG, Rakela J. Intrahepatic cholestasis due to systemic mastocytosis: a case report and review of literature. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:1197-200. [PMID: 9219799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 35-yr-old female presented with symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Liver biopsy, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy revealed systemic mastocytosis and acute myeloid leukemia. The liver biopsy specimen showed infiltration of mast cells within portal tracts with periductal and portal edema, irregularity of interlobular duct epithelium, and centrizonal cholestasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was normal. Following chemotherapy treatment with idarubicin and cytarabine for seven days for AML, the bilirubin levels continued to increase for two weeks and then decreased, reaching normal levels in two months. Infiltration of mast cells in the liver leads to hepatomegaly, liver function abnormality and rarely portal hypertension. Intrahepatic cholestasis due to systemic mastocytosis has never been reported. We report a rare case of systemic mastocytosis causing intrahepatic cholestasis that resolved with remission of AML following chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/etiology
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mastocytosis/complications
- Mastocytosis/diagnosis
- Mastocytosis/etiology
- Mastocytosis/pathology
- Remission Induction
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Minervini MI, Demetris AJ, Lee RG, Carr BI, Madariaga J, Nalesnik MA. Utilization of hepatocyte-specific antibody in the immunocytochemical evaluation of liver tumors. Mod Pathol 1997; 10:686-92. [PMID: 9237179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody highly specific for benign and malignant hepatocytes (HepPar 1) was evaluated as part of an antibody panel used to differentiate hepatocellular from nonhepatocellular neoplasms. Sixty-five liver tumors and two extrahepatic tumors from patients with documented liver tumors were studied. Twenty-two neoplasms were of hepatocellular origin, three were combined hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinomas, and the remainder were of nonhepatocellular origin. HepPar 1 alone had an 82% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the detection of hepatocellular neoplasms. The corresponding values for alpha-fetoprotein were 57% and 97%. Polyclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (canalicular pattern) had a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 97% for these tumors. The use of antibody panels provided superior results when compared with individual antibodies. In summary, HepPar 1 monoclonal antibody is a useful reagent for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular tumors. Its utility is enhanced when it is used as part of a diagnostic antibody panel.
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Lee RG, Emond J. Prognostic factors and management of carcinomas of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 1997; 6:639-59. [PMID: 9210359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the biliary tract are uncommon but aggressive malignancies that pose difficult problems in diagnosis and management. Long-term survival with these cancers is limited by their propensity for local invasion, so that pathologic stage becomes a major prognostic factor, and by their ability to cause biliary obstruction and sepsis and interfere with hepatic function. In selected patients, surgical resection offers the possibility of cure, but effective palliation is often the principal goal of treatment. Radiologic and endoscopic modalities thus often play a major role in patient management.
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Lee RG. Recurrence of alcoholic liver disease after liver transplantation. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION AND SURGERY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF LIVER DISEASES AND THE INTERNATIONAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION SOCIETY 1997; 3:292-5. [PMID: 9346753 DOI: 10.1002/lt.500030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Demetris AJ, Minervini M, Raikow RB, Lee RG. Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: biological questions based on pattern of recurrence in an allograft and tumor immunophenotype. Am J Surg Pathol 1997; 21:263-70. [PMID: 9060595 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199703000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is best considered a vascular neoplasm of intermediate malignancy. Although usually progressive, the clinical course is highly unpredictable. The present communication describes a case of extensive recurrent hepatic EHE, limited to the liver allograft and initially manifest as an insidious seeding of individual tumor cells in areas of perivenular inflammation associated with rejection. A detailed immunophenotypic characterization of this and a small series of EHE was carried out in an effort to highlight subtle disease recurrence and to gain possible insights into tumor biology associated with this intriguing disease. In a series of five cases of hepatic EHE, CD34 (QB-END/10) was found to be more sensitive than Factor VIII (F-VIII) for recognition of the disease, similar to previous reports. The former diffusely and distinctly stained both epithelioid and dendritic tumor cells, whereas staining for the latter was focal, indistinct, and showed a high background. Although the tumor cells were negative for some markers of dendritic or macrophage maturation, such as CD1a, S100 protein, Mac 387, CD68, and LN3, there was marked infiltration of hepatic EHE by factor XIIIa + (F-XIIIa), Mac 387+, CD68+, and LN3+ macrophages and dendrocytes, most of which were interpreted as reactive. The "reactive" macrophage and dendrocyte populations were present throughout the fibrotic stroma and intermingled with the epithelioid clusters of EHE. Interestingly, a small subset of tumor cells coexpressed CD34 or F-VIII and F-XIIIa, the last of which is normally restricted to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and cytokine activated microvascular endothelium in vitro. The known association of F-XIIIa+ dendrocytes with granulation tissue, repair and fibrogenesis, and the modulation of F-XIIIa and F-VIII expression by inflammatory cytokines led us to speculate that EHE lesions may derive from primitive "reticuloenothelial" cells that can differentiate along endothelial and dendritic pathways. The EHE lesions may represent a neoplastic analogue of wound healing. Thus, the variability in F-VIII staining, the strong expression of CD34, the infiltration of EHE lesions with F-XIIIa+ dendrocytes, and the coexpression of CD34 and F-XIIIa on a subset of tumor cells may have an important biological basis.
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Riley TR, Schoen RE, Lee RG, Rakela J. A case series of transplant recipients who despite immunosuppression developed inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92:279-82. [PMID: 9040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe 14 patients who developed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after transplantation despite immunosuppression. METHODS Using an electronic medical archival retrieval system, records of 6800 liver and kidney transplant patients were searched for evidence of IBD. The pathology was reviewed, and infectious etiologies were excluded. RESULTS Fourteen patients developed IBD after transplantation. Twelve patients had undergone liver transplantation, and two kidney transplantation. Four had transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis; four for non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis; two for primary sclerosing cholangitis; one for giant cell hepatitis; one for biliary atresia; one for polycystic kidney disease; and one for obstructive uropathy. Mean age at development of IBD was 38 yr. Mean time to development of IBD after transplantation was 4 yr. Endoscopically there were two cases limited to the left side, eight of pancolitis, of which one had terminal ileal disease, and four of patchy colitis. Histology was consistent with ulcerative colitis in nine patients and Crohn's disease in five. Patients with ulcerative colitis either responded and remained in remission on maintenance therapy (seven of nine) or were refractory and required a colectomy (two of nine). Patients with Crohn's disease continued to have flares despite treatment (five of five). CONCLUSION 1) New onset IBD can develop after solid organ transplantation, despite use of immunosuppressive therapy. 2) A full spectrum of IBD can be seen after transplantation. 3) Study of these patients could shed light on why immunosuppression is not uniformly effective for IBD and provide clues to the inflammatory determinants of IBD.
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Zhang S, Jin MB, Zhu Y, Ishizaki N, Tanaka H, Subbotin VM, Lee RG, Starzl TE, Todo S. Effect of endogenous adenosine augmentation on ischemia and reperfusion injury to the liver. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1336-7. [PMID: 9123331 PMCID: PMC2958682 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Furukawa H, Reyes J, Abu-Elmagd K, Mieles L, Hutson W, Kocoshis S, Tabasco-Manguillan J, Lee RG, Knisley A, Starzl TE, Todo S. Intestinal transplantation at the University of Pittsburgh: six-year experience. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:688-9. [PMID: 9123481 PMCID: PMC2957113 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Demetris AJ, Murase N, Lee RG, Randhawa P, Zeevi A, Pham S, Duquesnoy R, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Chronic rejection. A general overview of histopathology and pathophysiology with emphasis on liver, heart and intestinal allografts. Ann Transplant 1997; 2:27-44. [PMID: 9869851 PMCID: PMC3235804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Ishizaki N, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Nemoto A, Kobayashi Y, Subbotin VM, Lee RG, Starzl TE, Todo S. Comparison of various lazaroid compounds for protection against ischemic liver injury. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1333-4. [PMID: 9123329 PMCID: PMC3022504 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lazaroids are a group of 21 -aminosteroids that lack steroid action but have a potent cytoprotective effect by inhibiting iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. However, there have been conflicting reports on the effectiveness and potency of the various lazaroid compounds. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of three major lazaroids on warm liver ischemia in dogs using a 2-hr hepatic vascular exclusion model. The agents were given to the animals intravenously for 30 min before ischemia. The animals were divided into 5 groups: Control (n=10), no treatment; Group F (n=6), U-74006F (10 mg/kg); Group G (n=6), U-74389G (10 mg/kg); Group A1 (n=6), U-74500A (10 mg/kg); Group A2 (n=6), U-74500A (5 mg/kg). The effect of treatment was evaluated by two-week animal survival, hepatic tissue blood flow, liver function tests, blood and tissue biochemistry, and histological analyses. Animal survival in all treated groups was significantly improved compared with the control (83–100% versus 30%). Elevation of liver enzymes after reperfusion was markedly attenuated in treated groups, except for an early significant increase in Group G. Postreperfusion hepatic tissue blood flow was much higher in all treated animals (50% of the preischemic level vs. 25% in the control). Lazaroids, particularly U-74500A at 5 mg/kg (Group A2), suppressed adenine nucleotide degradation during ischemia and enhanced the resynthe-sis of high-energy phosphates after reperfusion. Although structural abnormalities in postreperfusion liver tissues were markedly ameliorated in all treated groups, Group A2 showed significantly less neutrophil infiltration. Liver injury from warm ischemia and reperfusion was attenuated with all lazaroid compounds, of which U-74500A at 5 mg/kg exhibited the most significant protective activity.
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Jin MB, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Ishizaki N, Tanaka H, Subbotin VM, Lee RG, Starzl TE, Todo S. Attenuation of ischemic liver injury by a non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist. Transplant Proc 1997; 29:1335. [PMID: 9123330 PMCID: PMC2962408 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(96)00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Tabasco-Minguillán J, Cicalese L, Weber K, Lee RG, Rakela J. Mucosal reactivity of the intestinal allograft during acute rejection. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2576-7. [PMID: 8907960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Graft Rejection/physiopathology
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Ileum/blood supply
- Ileum/physiopathology
- Ileum/transplantation
- Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply
- Intestinal Mucosa/physiopathology
- Intestinal Mucosa/transplantation
- Intestine, Small/blood supply
- Intestine, Small/physiopathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
- Male
- Oxygen/blood
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred ACI
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Regional Blood Flow
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
- Transplantation, Homologous/physiology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/pathology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic/physiology
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Tsamandas AC, Furukawa H, Abu-Elmagd K, Todo S, Demetris AJ, Lee RG. Liver allograft pathology in liver/small bowel or multivisceral recipients. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2772. [PMID: 8908051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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50
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Kawashima Y, Takeyoshi I, Furukawa H, Lee RG, Todo S. Ischemia and reperfusion injury of the human colon and ileum. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:2624-5. [PMID: 8907982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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