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Shanmugam S, Ravichandran K, Sankara Narayanan TSN, Lee MH. A facile electrochemical approach for the deposition of iron–manganese phosphate composite coatings on aluminium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathodic electrochemical treatment is a facile approach for the deposition of iron–manganese phosphate composite coatings on Al.
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Vellingiri B, Kathanan S, Subramaniam M, Shanmugam S, Meyyazhagan A, Balasubramanian B, Shanawaz D, Priyadarshini S, Keshavarao S. P206: A case control study of cytogenetic and genotypic alterations in Rett syndrome (RTT) male patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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van de Wiel HJ, Galagan Y, van Lammeren TJ, de Riet JFJ, Gilot J, Nagelkerke MGM, Lelieveld RHCAT, Shanmugam S, Pagudala A, Hui D, Groen WA. Roll-to-roll embedded conductive structures integrated into organic photovoltaic devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:484014. [PMID: 24196842 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/48/484014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive screen printed metallic (silver) structures (current collecting grids) combined with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are a viable replacement for indium tin oxide (ITO) and inkjet printed silver as transparent electrode materials. To provide successful integration into organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, screen printed silver current collecting grids should be embedded into a substrate to avoid topology issues. In this study micron-thick conductive structures are embedded and integrated into OPV devices. The embedded structures are produced roll-to-roll with optimized process settings and materials. Topology measurements show that the embedded grids are well suited for integration into OPV devices since the surface is almost without spikes and has low surface roughness. JV measurements of OPV devices with embedded structures on a polyethylene terephthalate/silicon nitride (PET/SiN) substrate show an efficiency of 2.15%, which is significantly higher than identical flexible devices with ITO (1.02%) and inkjet printed silver (1.48%). The use of embedded screen printed silver instead of ITO and inkjet printed silver in OPV devices will allow for higher efficiency devices which can be produced with larger design and process freedom.
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Gouse Peera S, Tintula K, Sahu A, Shanmugam S, Sridhar P, Pitchumani S. Catalytic activity of Pt anchored onto graphite nanofiber-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite toward oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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El Farran CA, Sekar A, Balakrishnan A, Shanmugam S, Arumugam P, Gopalswamy J. Prevalence of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013; 31:19-23. [PMID: 23508424 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major commensal bacteria. Various strains of S. epidermidis are capable of forming biofilms by attaching to several surfaces. Biofilm-forming ability of this organism is found to be associated with many hospital-acquired infections and can even impair wound healing. S. epidermidis strains producing polysaccharide-biofilms possess the intercellular adhesion (ica) operon while strains forming the protein adhesion-mediated biofilms possess the accumulation associated protein (aap) gene. We screened for biofilm-forming S. epidermidis in the skin of healthy individuals in Tamil Nadu in order to determine the risk of acquiring S. epidermidis infections in hospital settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin swabs were taken from seventy two subjects residing in Chennai with healthy skin who showed no visible signs of skin lesions or allergies. S. epidermidis was isolated from 58 samples out of the 72 collected. The presence of ica operon in S. epidermidis isolates was determined by PCR and biofilm production was examined using quantitative tissue culture plate assay. RESULTS Majority of the samples (47/72; 65.3%) showed pure S. epidermidis growth, (14/72; 19.4%) showed pure Staphylococcus aureus growth and the remainder (11/72; 15.3%) showed mixed growth. Biofilm-forming S. epidermidis were found in the majority of samples (53/58; 91.4%) and ica operon was detected in 19 samples out of 58 (32.8%) which is a significantly higher percentage when compared to other studies conducted at different parts of the globe ( P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION We inferred that ica operon and biofilm-forming S. epidermidis are common in the healthy skin of individuals in Tamil Nadu. Measures have to be taken to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired S. epidermidis infections.
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Eswaramoorthy M, Shanmugam S, Veerappan AR. Experimental Study on Solar Parabolic Dish Thermoelectric Generator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5963/ijee0303001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shanmugam S, Merchant W, Clark S. Solitary progressive congenital nodule. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:441-2. [PMID: 23495676 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shanmugam S, Gahlaut R, Edwards S, Hussain W. Periocular keratotic nodule. Dermatol Online J 2013; 19:11. [PMID: 23552008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
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Shanmugam S, Gahlaut R, Edwards S, Hussain W. Periocular keratotic nodule. Dermatol Online J 2013. [DOI: 10.5070/d334m1r1pj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Manoj Kumar S, Shanmugam S, Ramalakshmi M, Jaishankar S. Various Treatment Modalities and Visceral Organ Involvement (Cardiac) in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Manoj Kumar S, Elangovan S, Shanmugam S, Srividhya S. Juvenile Aggressive Ossifying Fibroma: A Rare Case Report. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dany A, Kurian K, Shanmugam S. Association of Candida in Different Stages of Oral Leukoplakia. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shanmugam S. Save antibiotics for future of mankind. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2011; 59:64-65. [PMID: 21751673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Sunitha M, Shanmugam S. Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide levels in oral mucosal diseases: A controlled clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 17:117-20. [PMID: 17176827 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.29878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen planus is a common dermatologic disease to manifest in the oral cavity. Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common ulcers of the oral cavity causing discomfort to the patients. These two diseases have different clinical manifestations which require appropriate treatment after correct diagnosis. Though numerous etiological factors have been proposed for these diseases, their true etio-pathogenesis is not yet established and therefore all therapies are palliative and none is effective universally. In light of this, the role of nitric oxide as a mediator in the etio-pathogenesis of these diseases was considered. The present study was undertaken to note the salivary nitric oxide levels as measured through its product nitrite in oral mucosal diseases like lichen planus and recurrent aphthous ulcers and also to ascertain whether salivary nitric oxide level has a role to play as a pathophysiological mediator in these diseases
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Shanmugam S, Kurian K, Vishwanath R, Mani MS. Paget′s Disease - Report of two cases with Review of literature. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.168442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Kurian K, Shanmugam S, Harsh Vardah T, Gupta S. Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis van Creveld syndrome): A report of three cases with review of literature. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18:31-4. [PMID: 17347543 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.30920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroectodermal dysplasia is a rare mesenchymal - ectodermal dysplasia first described in 1940 by Richard W.B. Ellis and Simon van Creveld now known as Ellis van Creveld syndrome. It is also known as Mesvectodermal dysplasia. Majority of cases were characteristically seen in one particular inbred population from the Amish community of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. The syndrome manifests with several skeletal anomalies, oral mucosal and dental anomalies, congenital cardiac defects and nail dysplasia. Ellis van Creveld syndrome may be differentiated from other chondrodystrophies like achondroplasia, chondroplasia punctata, asphyxiating thorasic dystrophy and Morquio's syndrome. The presence of oral mucosal and dental alterations like notching of the lower alveolar process, fusion of the upper lip with gingival mucosal margin, occasional presence of neonatal teeth, oligodontia and conical shape of anterior teeth will confirm the diagnosis of Ellis van Creveld syndrome and hence its importance to dentists.
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Shanmugam S, Vijayasekaran D, Marimuthu MG. Gastro intestinal stromal tumor: A case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.29022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pachamuthu B, Shanmugam S, Nagalingeswaran K, Solomon SS, Solomon S, Solomon S. HIV-1 drug resistance among untreated patients in India: Current status. J Postgrad Med 2006; 52:183-6. [PMID: 16855318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HAART has dramatically improved survival and quality of life among people living with HIV and AIDS globally. However, drug resistant mutations of HIV are a great challenge to the benefits of HAART. Antiviral resistance can be mediated either by changes in the molecular target of therapy (the primary mechanism observed in HIV-1) or in other viral proteins that indirectly interfere with a drug's activity. Drug resistant mutations easily evolve in the presence of sub-optimal adherence. With the introduction of generic HAART, there has been a steep increase in the number of patients put on HAART in India. It should also be noted that since most patients pay for medications out of their own pockets, interruptions in therapy due to monetary constraints are not uncommon. There is little information on HIV drug resistance in resource constrained settings like India where the predominant circulating HIV-1 sub-type is C. The transmissibility of drug-resistant forms of the virus is also a major concern especially when formulating treatment guidelines. This article reviews published data available on the patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment naïve in India.
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Kurian K, Elangovan C, Anitha B, Shanmugam S. Nasolabial Cyst - A Review and Report of 2 Cases. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.169270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Saraswathi TR, Ranganathan K, Shanmugam S, Sowmya R, Narasimhan PD, Gunaseelan R. Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits : Cross-sectional study in South India. Indian J Dent Res 2006; 17:121-5. [PMID: 17176828 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.29877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco product, common habits in India have been positively associated with oral lesions. No study has been conducted in this part of Tamilnadu regarding the prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits. METHODS A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out at Ragas Dental College, Chennai. Already existing data of two thousand and seventeen consecutive patients from sub-urban areas of Chennai, who attended the outpatient department, at Ragas Dental College, for dental complaints during a period of three months in 2004, who underwent oral examination and interviewer based questionnaire was used. RESULTS Oral soft tissue lesions were found in 4.1% of the study subjects. The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus was 0.59%, 0.55%, and 0.15% respectively. The prevalence of smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages and chewing was 15.02%, 8.78% and 6.99% respectively. Smoking and chewing were significant predictors of leukoplakia in this population. DISCUSSION The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus in our study population is similar to those found in other populations. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages in our study population was higher when compared to the Indian National Sample Survey study. However the prevalence of smoking and chewing was found to be lower. Smokers were more likely to develop smoker's melanosis compared to other lesions. Among those who consumed alcoholic beverages alone, the prevalence of leukoplakia was higher compared to other lesions. OSF was the most prevalent lesion among those who chewed panmasala or gutkha or betel quid with or without tobacco.
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Sivakumar R, Vetrichelvan T, Rajendran NN, Devi MI, Sundaramoorthi K, Shankar ASK, Shanmugam S. Antibacterial activity of mushroomOsmoporus odoratus. Indian J Pharm Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shanmugam S, Bhagavati A. Prenatal evaluation of vein of galen malformation with three dimensional doppler angiography - a case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.32340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sunitha M, Shanmugam S. Intraoral Non-hodgkin′s Lymphoma In a HIV Patient. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.169268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Shanmugam S, Viswanathan B, Varadarajan T. Preparation of noble metal supported carbon electrodes using photochemically reduced heteropolyanions in composite films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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John A, Elangovan C, Kurian K, Shanmugam S, Christy W. Frontometaphyseal Dysplasia - A Case Report. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.169243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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