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Michael S, Montag M, Dott W. Pro-inflammatory effects and oxidative stress in lung macrophages and epithelial cells induced by ambient particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 183:19-29. [PMID: 23462618 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the toxicological effects of different source-related ambient PM10 samples in regard to their chemical composition. In this context we investigated airborne PM from different sites in Aachen, Germany. For the toxicological investigation human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were exposed from 0 to 96 h to increasing PM concentrations (0-100 μg/ml) followed by analyses of cell viability, pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. The chemical analysis of these particles indicated the presence of 21 elements, water-soluble ions and PAHs. The toxicological investigations of the PM10 samples demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and an increase in pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Schaarschmidt W, Richter J, Kley K, Kralisch S, Jank A, Ebert T, Lössner U, Jessnitzer B, Kratzsch J, Blüher M, Michael S, Fasshauer M, Stepan H. Serum levels of growth arrest specific protein 6 are increased in preeclampsia. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1347730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Kang KP, Lee JE, Lee AS, Jung YJ, Lee S, Park SK, Kim W, Pokrywczynska M, Jundzill A, Krzyzanowska S, Flisinski M, Brymora A, Bodnar M, Deptula A, Marszalek A, Manitius J, Drewa T, Kloskowski T, Grosjean F, Esposito V, Torreggiani M, Esposito C, Zheng F, Vlassara H, Striker G, Michael S, Viswanathan P, Ganesh R, Kimachi M, Nishio S, Nakazawa D, Ishikawa Y, Toyoyama T, Satou A, Nakagaki T, Shibasaki S, Atumi T, Gattone V, Peterson R, Zimmerman K, Mega C, Reis F, Teixeira de Lemos E, Vala H, Fernandes R, Oliveira J, Teixeira F, Reis F, Niculae A, Niculae A, Checherita IA, Ciocalteu A, Hamano Y, Udagawa Y, Ueda Y, Yokosuka O, Ogawa M, Satoh M, Kidokoro K, Nagasu H, Nishi Y, Ihoriya C, Kadoya H, Yada T, Channon KM, Sasaki T, Kashihara N, Nyengaard JR, Razga Z, Hartono S, Knudsen B, Grande J, Watanabe M, Watanabe M, Ito K, Abe Y, Ogahara S, Nakashima H, Sato T, Saito T, Shin YT, Choi DE, Na KR, Chang YK, Kim SS, Lee KW, Mace C, Chugh S, Clement L, Tomochika M, Seiji H, Toshio M, Tetsuya K, Takao K, Jaen JC, Sullivan TJ, Miao Z, Zhao N, Berahovich R, Krasinski A, Powers JP, Ertl L, Schall TJ, Han SY, Sun HK, Han KH, Kim HS, Ahn SH, Kokeny G, Gasparics A, Fang L, Rosivall L, Sebe A, Banki NF, Fekete A, Wagner L, Ver A, Degrell P, Prokai A, George R, Szabo A, Baylis C, Vannay A, Tulassay T, Chollet C, Hus-Citharel A, Caron N, Bouby N, Silva K, Rampaso R, Luiz R, De Angelis K, Mostarda CT, Abreu N, Irigoyen MC, Schor N, Rampaso R, Luiz R, Silva K, Montemor J, Higa EMS, Schor N, Nagasu H, Satoh M, Kidokoro K, Kashihara N, Nakayama Y, Fukami K, Obara N, Ando R, Kaida Y, Ueda S, Yamagishi SI, Okuda S, Qin Q, Wang Z, Niu J, Xu W, Qiao Z, Qi W, Gu Y, Zitman-Gal T, Golan E, Green J, Pasmanik-Chor M, Oron-Karni V, Bernheim J, Benchetrit S, Tang RN, Tang RN, Wu M, Gao M, Liu H, Zhang XL, Liu BC. Diabetes - Experimental. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Schneider C, Balzer C, Buttstädt M, Eßer K, Ginski S, Hahmann J, Ketzler G, Klemme M, Kröpelin A, Merbitz H, Michael S, Sachsen T, Siuda A, Weishoff-Houben M, Brunk MF, Dott W, Hofmeister H, Pfaffenbach C, Roll C, Selle K. "CITY 2020+": assessing climate change impacts for the city of Aachen related to demographic change and health – a progress report. ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.5194/asr-6-261-2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The research initiative CITY 2020+ assesses the risks and opportunities for residents in urban built environments under projected demographic and climate change for the year 2020 and beyond, using the city of Aachen as a case study. CITY 2020+ develops strategies, options and tools for planning and developing sustainable future city structures. The investigation focuses on how urban environment, political structure and residential behaviour can best be adapted, with attention to the interactions among structural, political, and sociological configurations and their impacts on human health. The interdisciplinary research is organized in three clusters. Within the first cluster, strategies of older people exposed to heat stress, and their networks as well as environmental health risks according to atmospheric conditions are examined. The second cluster addresses governance questions, urban planning and building technologies as well as spatial patterns of the urban heat island. The third cluster includes studies on air quality related to particulate matter and a historical perspective of city development concerning environmental issues and climate variability. However, it turns out that research topics that require an interdisciplinary approach are best addressed not by pre-structuring the work into related sub-projects but through combining them according to shared methodological approaches. Examples illustrating this rather practical approach within ongoing research are presented in this paper.
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Zeevi A, Lunz J, Teuteberg J, Feingold B, Jelinek L, Michael S, Zaldonis D, Yoshiya T, Morrell M, Webber S. 685 Does the Determination of Complement Binding Add to the Clinical Utility of Donor Specific Antibodies Detected by Luminex? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Braithwaite J, Westbrook MT, Robinson M, Michael S, Pirone C, Robinson P. Improving patient safety: the comparative views of patient-safety specialists, workforce staff and managers. BMJ Qual Saf 2011; 20:424-31. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs.2010.047605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Porter D, Michael S, Kirkwood C. Is there a relationship between foetal position and both preferred lying posture after birth and pattern of subsequent postural deformity in non-ambulant people with cerebral palsy? Child Care Health Dev 2010; 36:742-7. [PMID: 20030660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pattern of postural deformity was observed in a previous study that included an association between direction of spinal curvature and direction of windsweeping with more windswept deformities occurring to the right and lateral spinal curvatures occurring convex to the left. The direction of this pattern was found to be associated with preferred lying posture in early life. The aim of this study was to test the association between foetal position and both the preferred lying posture after birth, and the direction of subsequent postural deformity in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was carried out involving 60 participants at level five on the gross motor function classification for CP. Foetal position during the last month of pregnancy was taken from antenatal records and parents were interviewed to identify preferred lying posture in the first year of life. At the time of the physical assessment ages ranged from 1 year and 1 month to 19 years with a median age of 13 years and 1 month. RESULTS Foetal presentation was found to be associated with the preferred lying posture with participants carried in a left occipito-anterior/lateral position more likely to adopt a supine head right lying posture, and vice versa. An association was also observed between the foetal position and asymmetrical postural deformity occurring later in life with participants carried in a left occipito-anterior/lateral presentation more likely to have a convex left spinal curve, a lower left pelvic obliquity, and a windswept hip pattern to the right. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of the association between foetal presentation, asymmetrical lying posture, and the direction of subsequent postural deformity for severely disabled children. A hypothesis is described that might help to explain these findings.
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Michael S, Lehnert G, Merbitz H, Schneider C, Dott W. Effect-related characterization of particulate matter exposure for the City of Aachen. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mahler V, Erfurt-Berge C, Schiemann S, Michael S, Egloffstein A, Kuss O. Dirt-binding particles consisting of hydrogenated castor oil beads constitute a nonirritating alternative for abrasive cleaning of recalcitrant oily skin contamination in a three-step programme of occupational skin protection. Br J Dermatol 2009; 162:812-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Magiorakos AP, Suetens C, Boyd L, Costa C, Cunney R, Drouvot V, Farrugia C, Fernandez-Maillo MM, Iversen BG, Leens E, Michael S, Moro ML, Reinhardt C, Serban R, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Wilson K, Heisbourg E, Maltezou HC, Strauss R, Böröcz K, Dolinšek M, Dumpis U, Erne S, Gudlaugsson O, Heczko P, Hedlova D, Holt J, Jõe L, Lyytikäinen O, Riesenfeld-Örn I, Stefkovikova M, Valinteliene R, Voss A, Monnet DL. National Hand Hygiene Campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.17.19190-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.
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Magiorakos AP, Suetens C, Boyd L, Costa C, Cunney R, Drouvot V, Farrugia C, Fernandez-Maillo MM, Iversen BG, Leens E, Michael S, Moro ML, Reinhardt C, Serban R, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Wilson K, Heisbourg E, Maltezou HC, Strauss R, Borocz K, Dolinsek M, Dumpis U, Erne S, Gudlaugsson O, Heczko P, Hedlova D, Holt J, Joe L, Lyytikainen O, Riesenfeld-Orn I, Stefkovikova M, Valinteliene R, Voss A, Monnet DL. National hand hygiene campaigns in Europe, 2000-2009. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:19190. [PMID: 19422767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand hygiene represents the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The World Health Organization, as part of its First Global Patient Safety Challenge, recommends implementation of multi-faceted strategies to increase compliance with hand hygiene. A questionnaire was sent by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to 30 European countries, regarding the availability and organisation of their national hand hygiene campaigns. All countries responded. Thirteen countries had organised at least one national campaign during the period 2000-2009 and three countries were in the process of organising a national campaign. Although the remaining countries did not have a national campaign, several reported regional and local hand hygiene activities or educational resources on national websites.
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Anthony L, Chester M, Michael S, O’Dorisio TM, O’Dorisio MS. Phase II open-label clinical trial of vatalanib (PTK/ZK) in patients with progressive neuroendocrine cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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O’Dorisio MS, Michael S, Menda Y, Bushnell D, Madsen M, Khanna G, Connally M, Babich JW, O’Dorisio TM. Phase I trial of molecularly targeted, radiolabeled somatostatin analog in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Michael S, Warstat C, Okpanyi SN, Kelber O, Nieber K. Wirkung von STW 5 (Iberogast®) und STW 6 (Iberis amara) an einem gastrointestinalen Entzündungsmodell in vitro. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Elder C, Rebecca W, Letourneau D, Jaffray D, Bissonnette J, Bezjak A, Greg P, Elizabeth W, Carol M, Michael M, Michael S, Mary G. Towards a One-Step Scan and Treat Process for Palliative Radiotherapy - a Potential Application for Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lewerenz A, Hentschel S, Vissiennon Z, Michael S, Nieber K. A3 receptors in cortical neurons: Pharmacological aspects and neuroprotection during hypoxia. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Michael S, Kaminer, Jacob CI. Response. Dermatol Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.28901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wolf A, Shoham M, Michael S, Moshe R. Morphometric study of the human lumbar spine for operation-workspace specifications. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2001; 26:2472-7. [PMID: 11707713 DOI: 10.1097/00007632-200111150-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae of 55 patients was measured by use of data provided by computed tomography. On the basis of these measurements, the location of puncture points and the orientation of the surgical instruments for pedicle, vertebral body, and disc entry points were calculated for open as well as percutaneous surgery. OBJECTIVE Normal anatomic variations of the lumbar spine were investigated to define the workspace for several spinal procedures and to define the workspace of a robot designed to guide the physician during those procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND Several comprehensive studies of vertebrae dimensions have been conducted in the past, but they lack several dimensions that are needed to determine the exact location of the entry point and orientation of the tool, in particular when a computerized guidance system is used. METHODS Fifty-five spinal columns (L1-L5, total 250 vertebrae) were measured by computed tomography. These data provide geometric relations that determine entry points and tool orientations for different spinal interventions. RESULTS The workspace for spinal operations was defined on the basis of anatomic data taken from computed tomography scans. The data included 15 measurements for each vertebra that defined its shape. The processed data provided puncture points for several spinal procedures in both open and percutaneous surgery. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional information on vertebral structure needed to calculate accurately the entry point and tool orientation in various spinal procedures. These statistical data are also valuable for model and implant designs and for workspace specifications for a robot-assisted surgery system.
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Ravhon A, Lavery S, Michael S, Donaldson M, Margara R, Trew G, Winston R. Dynamic assays of inhibin B and oestradiol following buserelin acetate administration as predictors of ovarian response in IVF. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:2297-301. [PMID: 11056122 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.11.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to examine whether dynamic measurements of inhibin B and oestradiol following single administration of buserelin acetate were correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation in IVF. A total of 37 patients undergoing IVF treatment was studied when the long protocol was started in the early follicular phase. Blood samples were taken twice: on day 2 of the menstrual cycle, before the first s.c. administration of buserelin acetate 0.5 mg and on day 3, 24 h later. Inhibin B and oestradiol concentrations were compared with the ovarian response to stimulation. The ovarian response was defined in two ways: 'number of oocytes/total recombinant (r) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dose'; and 'square-root (number of follicles/total rFSH dose)'. The following measurements were highly correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation: increase in oestradiol (day 3-day 2 oestradiol concentration) [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.68, P: < 0.0001] and sum of inhibin B (day 2 + day 3 inhibin B concentrations) (r = 0.6, P: < 0.0001). Age and basal concentrations of FSH and inhibin B were inferior to the above measurements in terms of correlation with the ovarian response. In conclusion, dynamic measurements of inhibin B and oestradiol following single administration of buserelin acetate were highly correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation for IVF treatment.
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Gurudu SR, Mittal SK, Shaber M, Gamboa E, Michael S, Sigal LH. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and anticardiolipin antibody syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:1878-80. [PMID: 11052336 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005501421242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Carney PA, Geller BM, Moffett H, Ganger M, Sewell M, Barlow WE, Stalnaker N, Taplin SH, Sisk C, Ernster VL, Wilkie HA, Yankaskas B, Poplack SP, Urban N, West MM, Rosenberg RD, Michael S, Mercurio TD, Ballard-Barbash R. Current medicolegal and confidentiality issues in large, multicenter research programs. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 152:371-8. [PMID: 10968382 DOI: 10.1093/aje/152.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The convenience of fast computers and the Internet have encouraged large collaborative research efforts by allowing transfers of data from multiple sites to a single data repository; however, standards for managing data security are needed to protect the confidentiality of participants. Through Dartmouth Medical School, in 1996-1998, the authors conducted a medicolegal analysis of federal laws, state statutes, and institutional policies in eight states and three different types of health care settings, which are part of a breast cancer surveillance consortium contributing data electronically to a centralized data repository. They learned that a variety of state and federal laws are available to protect confidentiality of professional and lay research participants. The strongest protection available is the Federal Certificate of Confidentiality, which supersedes state statutory protection, has been tested in court, and extends protection from forced disclosure (in litigation) to health care providers as well as patients. This paper describes the careful planning necessary to ensure adequate legal protection and data security, which must include a comprehensive understanding of state and federal protections applicable to medical research. Researchers must also develop rules or guidelines to ensure appropriate collection, use, and sharing of data. Finally, systems for the storage of both paper and electronic records must be as secure as possible.
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Konstantopoulos K, Michael S, Kanta A, Pecheux C, Grateau J, Helioti H, Stathakis C. Renal amyloidosis as a first manifestation of Familial Mediterranean Fever. Scand J Rheumatol 2000; 29:129-30. [PMID: 10777128 DOI: 10.1080/030097400750001950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid nephropathy was the presenting symptom in a case of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). As recent progress in molecular pathology permits the detection of asymptomatic FMF individuals, it is suggested that relevant cases of renal amyloidosis should be tested for FMF mutations.
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Barber JL, Bland C, Langdon MB, Michael S. LPN role advancement: from blueprints to ribbon cutting. JOURNAL FOR NURSES IN STAFF DEVELOPMENT : JNSD : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL NURSING STAFF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION 2000; 16:112-7. [PMID: 11913009 DOI: 10.1097/00124645-200005000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) in an acute care setting has been a point of debate for many years. Increasing LPN job responsibility has not been widely reported. In this article, the authors describe the process used to advance the LPN role. Emphasized here is the educators' contribution to the process from inception to implementation.
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Michael S, Thöle M, Dillmann R, Fahr A, Drewe J, Fricker G. Improvement of intestinal peptide absorption by a synthetic bile acid derivative, cholylsarcosine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000; 10:133-40. [PMID: 10727879 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(99)00093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the nontoxic bile salt derivative, cholylsarcosine, to enhance the intestinal absorption of peptides was investigated in vitro and in situ. The permeation of the two model peptides octreotide and vasopressin-[arg(8)CT>/=CS, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid exhibited no absorption enhancement. Determination of the cytotoxic potential of the bile salts revealed the same rank order. In rats, octreotide and desmopressin were absorbed from the gastrointestinal-tract with moderate absorption efficiency. Coadministration of bile salts resulted in an increased absorption efficiency. The effect of CS was similar to that of CT. In conclusion, CS shows absorption enhancement properties and a relatively low cytotoxicity. It offers an alternative as absorption enhancer as compared to conventional bile acids which may have a potential cocarcinogenic risk.
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Abstract
Falls are a common and serious health problem. Responses to the problem should address the individual, the individual's environment, the system of health or residential care used by the individual, and the local community. This article describes a response to the issue of falls in Ryde Hospital and its surrounding community. This response has multiple components which include patient and staff education and interventions with people who have fallen. These initiatives have been developed without additional resources and incorporated into existing systems of care provision.
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