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Park S, Flüthmann P, Wolany C, Goedecke L, Spenner HM, Budde T, Pape HC, Jüngling K. Neuropeptide S Receptor Stimulation Excites Principal Neurons in Murine Basolateral Amygdala through a Calcium-Dependent Decrease in Membrane Potassium Conductance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060519. [PMID: 34072275 PMCID: PMC8230190 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The neuropeptide S system, consisting of the 20 amino acid neuropeptide NPS and its G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1), has been studied intensively in rodents. Although there is a lot of data retrieved from behavioral studies using pharmacology or genetic interventions, little is known about intracellular signaling cascades in neurons endogenously expressing the NPSR1. Methods: To elucidate possible G-protein-dependent signaling and effector systems, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings on principal neurons of the anterior basolateral amygdala of mice. We used pharmacological interventions to characterize the NPSR1-mediated current induced by NPS application. Results: Application of NPS reliably evokes inward-directed currents in amygdalar neurons recorded in brain slice preparations of male and female mice. The NPSR1-mediated current had a reversal potential near the potassium reversal potential (EK) and was accompanied by an increase in membrane input resistance. GDP-β-S and BAPTA, but neither adenylyl cyclase inhibition nor 8-Br-cAMP, abolished the current. Intracellular tetraethylammonium or 4-aminopyridine reduced the NPS-evoked current. Conclusion: NPSR1 activation in amygdalar neurons inhibits voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels, most likely members of the delayed rectifier family. Intracellularly, Gαq signaling and calcium ions seem to be mandatory for the observed current and increased neuronal excitability.
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Wachsmuth L, Datunashvili M, Kemper K, Albers F, Lambers H, Lüttjohann A, Kreitz S, Budde T, Faber C. Retrosplenial Cortex Contributes to Network Changes during Seizures in the GAERS Absence Epilepsy Rat Model. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab023. [PMID: 34296168 PMCID: PMC8263073 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state-fMRI was performed to explore brain networks in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg and in nonepileptic controls (NEC) during monitoring of the brain state by simultaneous optical Ca2+-recordings. Graph theoretical analysis allowed for the identification of acute and chronic network changes and revealed preserved small world topology before and after seizure onset. The most prominent acute change in network organization during seizures was the segregation of cortical regions from the remaining brain. Stronger connections between thalamic with limbic regions compared with preseizure state indicated network regularization during seizures. When comparing between strains, intrathalamic connections were prominent in NEC, on local level represented by higher thalamic strengths and hub scores. Subtle differences were observed for retrosplenial cortex (RS), forming more connections beyond cortex in epileptic rats, and showing a tendency to lateralization during seizures. A potential role of RS as hub between subcortical and cortical regions in epilepsy was supported by increased numbers of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons together with enhanced inhibitory synaptic activity and neuronal excitability in pyramidal neurons. By combining multimodal fMRI data, graph theoretical methods, and electrophysiological recordings, we identified the RS as promising target for modulation of seizure activity and/or comorbidities.
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Aulova KS, Urusov AA, Sedykh SE, Toporkova LB, Lopatnikova JA, Buneva VN, Sennikov SV, Budde T, Meuth SG, Popova NA, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. The association between EAE development in mice and the production of autoantibodies and abzymes after immunization of mice with different antigens. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2493-2504. [PMID: 33560578 PMCID: PMC7933958 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that immunization of C57BL/6 mice, prone to spontaneous development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with three antigens (MOG35-55 , DNA-histone complex or DNA-methylated BSA complex), alters the differentiation profiles of bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These are associated with the production of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against these antigens and the formation of abzymes hydrolysing DNA, MOG, myelin basic protein (MBP) and histones. Immunization of mice with antigens accelerates the development of EAE. This work is the first to analyse the ratio of auto-Abs without and with catalytic activities at different stages of EAE development (onset, acute and remission phases) after immunization of mice with the three specific antigens. Prior to immunization and during spontaneous in-time development of EAE, the concentration of auto-Abs against MBP, MOG, histones and DNA and activities of IgG antibodies in the hydrolysis of substrates increased in parallel; correlation coefficients = +0.69-0.94. After immunization with MOG, DNA-histone complex or DNA-met-BSA complex, both positive (from +0.13 to +0.98) and negative correlations (from -0.09 to -0.69) were found between these values. Our study is the first showing that depending on the antigen, the relative amount of harmful auto-Abs without and abzymes with low or high catalytic activities may be produced only at onset and in acute or remission phases of EAE. The antigen governs the EAE development rate, whereby the ratio of auto-Abs without catalytic activity and with enzymatic activities of harmful abzymes hydrolysing MBP, MOG, histones and DNA varies strongly between different disease phases.
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Aulova KS, Urusov AE, Toporkova LB, Sedykh SE, Shevchenko YA, Tereshchenko VP, Sennikov SV, Budde T, Meuth SG, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Catalytic antibodies in the bone marrow and other organs of Th mice during spontaneous development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis associated with cell differentiation. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1055-1068. [PMID: 33595783 PMCID: PMC7925503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exact mechanisms of autoimmune disease development are still yet unknown. However, it is known that the development of autoimmune diseases is associated with defects in the immune system, namely, the violation of the bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation profiles. Different characteristics of autoimmune reaction development in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) prone Th mice characterizing T-lymphocytes response were analyzed using standard approaches. Profiles of several HSCs differentiation of bone marrow (BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-GM, CFU-GEMM, T- and B-lymphocytes) of Th male and female mice during spontaneous development of EAE were noticeably different. Patterns of total lymphocytes, B- and T-cells proliferation in several different organs (bone marrow, blood, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) were also remarkably different. In addition, there were in time noticeable differences in their changes for some organs of male and female mice. Characters of changes in the profiles of CD4 and CD8 cells proliferation in some organs not always coincide with those for total T lymphocytes. The changes in the differentiation profiles of HSCs and the level of lymphocytes proliferation in the bone marrow and other organs were associated with the increase in the concentration of antibodies against DNA, myelin basic protein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing these substrates. Despite some differences in changes in the analyzed parameters, in general, the spontaneous development of EAE in male and female mice occurs to some extent in a comparable way.
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Fernández-Orth J, Rolfes L, Gola L, Bittner S, Andronic J, Sukhorukov VL, Sisario D, Landgraf P, Dieterich DC, Cerina M, Smalla KH, Kähne T, Budde T, Kovac S, Ruck T, Sauer M, Meuth SG. A role for TASK2 channels in the human immunological synapse. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:342-353. [PMID: 33169379 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse is a transient junction that occurs when the plasma membrane of a T cell comes in close contact with an APC after recognizing a peptide from the antigen-MHC. The interaction starts when CRAC channels embedded in the T cell membrane open, flowing calcium ions into the cell. To counterbalance the ion influx and subsequent depolarization, Kv 1.3 and KCa3.1 channels are recruited to the immunological synapse, increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. These processes are crucial as they initiate gene expression that drives T cell activation and proliferation. The T cell-specific function of the K2P channel family member TASK2 channels and their role in autoimmune processes remains unclear. Using mass spectrometry analysis together with epifluorescence and super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy, we identified TASK2 channels as novel players recruited to the immunological synapse upon stimulation. TASK2 localizes at the immunological synapse, upon stimulation with CD3 antibodies, likely interacting with these molecules. Our findings suggest that, together with Kv 1.3 and KCa3.1 channels, TASK2 channels contribute to the proper functioning of the immunological synapse, and represent an interesting treatment target for T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders.
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Brömmel K, Maskri S, Bulk E, Pethő Z, Rieke M, Budde T, Koch O, Schwab A, Wünsch B. Co-staining of K Ca 3.1 Channels in NSCLC Cells with a Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probe and Antibody-Based Indirect Immunofluorescence. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2462-2469. [PMID: 33043595 PMCID: PMC7756743 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa 3.1) is involved in critical steps of the metastatic cascade, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and extravasation. Therefore, a fast and efficient protocol for imaging of KCa 3.1 channels was envisaged. The novel fluorescently labeled small molecule imaging probes 1 and 2 were synthesized by connecting a dimethylpyrrole-based BODIPY dye with a derivative of the KCa 3.1 channel inhibitor senicapoc via linkers of different length. Patch-clamp experiments revealed the inhibition of KCa 3.1 channels by the probes confirming interaction with the channel. Both probes 1 and 2 were able to stain KCa 3.1 channels in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells following a simple, fast and efficient protocol. Pre-incubation with unlabeled senicapoc removed the punctate staining pattern showing the specificity of the new probes 1 and 2. Staining of the channel with the fluorescently labeled senicapoc derivatives 1 or 2 or with antibody-based indirect immunofluorescence yielded identical or very similar densities of stained KCa 3.1 channels. However, co-staining using both methods did not lead to the expected overlapping punctate staining pattern. This observation was explained by docking studies showing that the antibody used for indirect immunofluorescence and the probes 1 and 2 label different channel populations. Whereas the antibody binds at the closed channel conformation, the probes 1 and 2 bind within the open channel.
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Herrmann AM, Cerina M, Bittner S, Meuth SG, Budde T. Intracellular fluoride influences TASK mediated currents in human T cells. J Immunol Methods 2020; 487:112875. [PMID: 33031794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of Kv1.3 and KCa channels in human T cells is essential for maintaining cell activation, proliferation and migration during an inflammatory response. Recently, an additional residual current, sensitive to anandamide and A293, compounds specifically inhibiting currents mediated by TASK channels, was observed after complete pharmacological blockade of Kv1.3 and KCa channels. This finding was not consistently observed throughout different studies and, an in-depth review of the different recording conditions used for the electrophysiological analysis of K+ currents in T cells revealed fluoride as major anionic component of the pipette intracellular solutions in the initial studies. While fluoride is frequently used to stabilize electrophysiological recordings, it is known as G-protein activator and to influence the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which are mechanisms known to modulate TASK channel functioning. Therefore, we systemically addressed different fluoride- and chloride-based pipette solutions in whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in human T cells and used specific blockers to identify membrane currents carried by TASK and Kv1.3 channels. We found that fluoride increased the decay time constant of K+ outward currents, reduced the degree of the sustained current component and diminished the effect of the specific TASK channels blocker A293. These findings indicate that the use of fluoride-based pipette solutions may hinder the identification of a functional TASK channel component in electrophysiological experiments.
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Kälsch H, Mahabadi AA, Moebus S, Reinsch N, Budde T, Hoffmann B, Stang A, Jöckel KH, Erbel R, Lehmann N. Association of progressive thoracic aortic calcification with future cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: ability to improve risk prediction? Results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 20:709-717. [PMID: 30508179 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jey173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) is measured by computed tomography (CT). We investigated the association of TAC-progression with incident cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort and to determine its predictive value for these endpoints. METHODS AND RESULTS In 3080 participants (45-74 years, 53.6% women), risk factors and TAC via CT were measured at baseline and at a second examination after 5.1 ± 0.3 years. Hard coronary, hard CV events as well as CV events including revascularization and all-cause mortality were recorded during a follow-up time of 7.8 ± 2.2 years after the second CT scan. Cox regression analysis determined the association of TAC-progression with observed endpoints. The predictive value of TAC-progression was assessed using Harrell's C index. We observed 81 hard coronary, 154 hard CV, 231 CV events including revascularization, and 266 deaths. In the crude analysis, event rates increased continuously with the level of TAC-change over 5 years for all endpoints. After adjustment, the significant association of TAC-progression with hard CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.57] and all-cause mortality (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58) persisted, per one standard deviation increase in TAC-progression (log(TAC + 1)). Regarding aortic segments separately, HRs were consistently higher for descending thoracic aorta. When adding TAC (baseline and progression) to the model containing classical risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC), Harrell's C indices did not increase for any of the observed endpoints. CONCLUSION TAC-progression is associated with incident hard CV events and all-cause mortality but fails to improve event prediction over CAC.
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Zamani M, Budde T, Bozorgi H. Intracerebroventricular administration of N-type calcium channel blocker ziconotide displays anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects in rats: A preclinical and pilot study. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 111:107251. [PMID: 32593873 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA peptide) is a novel analgesic agent acting on voltage-gated calcium channels and is administered intrathecally for neuropathic pain. While antiepileptic activities of other types of calcium channel blockers (T- or L-type) are well established, there is no information regarding the effect of ziconotide as an N-type calcium channel antagonist in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures or its anxiolytic and sedative activities. The present study is the first to report on these effects. METHODS To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ziconotide in the pentylenetetrazol (60 mg/kg) seizure model, ziconotide was administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) as a single dose (1 μg/rat) or repeatedly (chronic administration: 0.1, 0.3, or 1 μg/rat once a day for seven days). The anxiolytic and sedative actions of ziconotide were evaluated with the elevated plus maze, light/dark (LD) box, and pentobarbital-induced sleep tests. Immediately after behavioral testing, the amygdala was completely removed bilaterally to determine corticosterone levels by immunoassay. RESULTS In all dosing regimens, ziconotide significantly decreased the seizure frequency and also delayed the latency period compared with control. Chronic administration affected the percentage of mortality protection, while a single dose of ziconotide did not. In behavioral tests, ziconotide significantly increased both the number of entries and the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, ziconotide significantly increased the latency period and the number of entries into the light compartment during the LD box examination. Chronic administration of ziconotide significantly reduced the latency to sleep and increased sleeping time, whereas these parameters were not affected by a single dose. Additionally, amygdala corticosterone levels were significantly decreased in rats treated with ziconotide compared with control. CONCLUSION Ziconotide displays beneficial neurobehavioral effects in a model of epilepsy with anxiety as its comorbid event. It seems that at least one of the mechanisms involved in these effects is associated with a decrease in brain corticosterone levels. The main advantage of ziconotide over benzodiazepines (routine anxiolytic and sedative drugs) is that it does not cause tolerance, dependency, and addiction. Therefore, more than ever, it is necessary to improve the convenience of drug delivery protocols and attenuate the adverse effects associated with ziconotide-based therapies.
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Cerina M, Muthuraman M, Gallus M, Koirala N, Dik A, Wachsmuth L, Hundehege P, Schiffler P, Tenberge JG, Fleischer V, Gonzalez-Escamilla G, Narayanan V, Krämer J, Faber C, Budde T, Groppa S, Meuth SG. Myelination- and immune-mediated MR-based brain network correlates. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:186. [PMID: 32532336 PMCID: PMC7293122 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Despite demyelination being a hallmark of the disease, how it relates to neurodegeneration has still not been completely unraveled, and research is still ongoing into how these processes can be tracked non-invasively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived brain network characteristics, which closely mirror disease processes and relate to functional impairment, recently became important variables for characterizing immune-mediated neurodegeneration; however, their histopathological basis remains unclear. Methods In order to determine the MRI-derived correlates of myelin dynamics and to test if brain network characteristics derived from diffusion tensor imaging reflect microstructural tissue reorganization, we took advantage of the cuprizone model of general demyelination in mice and performed longitudinal histological and imaging analyses with behavioral tests. By introducing cuprizone into the diet, we induced targeted and consistent demyelination of oligodendrocytes, over a period of 5 weeks. Subsequent myelin synthesis was enabled by reintroduction of normal food. Results Using specific immune-histological markers, we demonstrated that 2 weeks of cuprizone diet induced a 52% reduction of myelin content in the corpus callosum (CC) and a 35% reduction in the neocortex. An extended cuprizone diet increased myelin loss in the CC, while remyelination commenced in the neocortex. These histologically determined dynamics were reflected by MRI measurements from diffusion tensor imaging. Demyelination was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) values and increased modularity and clustering at the network level. MRI-derived modularization of the brain network and FA reduction in key anatomical regions, including the hippocampus, thalamus, and analyzed cortical areas, were closely related to impaired memory function and anxiety-like behavior. Conclusion Network-specific remyelination, shown by histology and MRI metrics, determined amelioration of functional performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Taken together, we illustrate the histological basis for the MRI-driven network responses to demyelination, where increased modularity leads to evolving damage and abnormal behavior in MS. Quantitative information about in vivo myelination processes is mirrored by diffusion-based imaging of microstructural integrity and network characteristics.
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Aulova KS, Urusov AE, Toporkova LB, Sedykh SE, Shevchenko YA, Tereshchenko VP, Sennikov SV, Budde T, Meuth SG, Popova NA, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Production of Abzymes in Th, CBA, and C57BL/6 Mice before and after MOG Treatment: Comparing Changes in Cell Differentiation and Proliferation. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E53. [PMID: 31905713 PMCID: PMC7023472 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Till yet there is no data concerning mechanisms of autoimmune diseases development. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) prone C57BL/6 (T- and B-lymphocyte response), non-autoimmune CBA, and Th mice with T cell response were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) to compare different characteristics of autoimmune reaction development. Bone marrow differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), lymphocyte proliferation in various organs associated with the production of antibodies against DNA, myelin basic protein (MBP), and MOG, as well as abzymes hydrolyzing these antigens, were analyzed before and after immunization. Profiles of HSC differentiation [BFU-E (erythroid burst-forming unit (early erythroid colonies), CFU-E (erythroid burst-forming unit (late erythroid colonies), CFU-GM (granulocytic-macrophagic colony-forming unit), and CFU-GEMM granulocytic-erythroid-megakaryocytic-macrophagic colony-forming unit] and patterns of lymphocyte proliferation in different organs (brain, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes) were very different for C57BL/6, CBA, and Th mice. We conclude that only C57BL/6 mice were predisposed to spontaneous and MOG-induced acceleration of EAE development. CBA mice are not prone to the development of autoimmune reactions. After immunization, Th mice demonstrate changes in several parameters similar to C57BL/6 and other to CBA mice; Th mice are more prone to developing autoimmune reactions than CBA mice. Our data may be important for understanding the combined presence in mice lymphocytes with T and B cell responses for spontaneous and induced autoimmune diseases.
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Gronewold J, Kropp R, Lehmann N, Stang A, Mahabadi AA, Kälsch H, Weimar C, Dichgans M, Budde T, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Erbel R, Hermann DM. Cardiovascular Risk and Atherosclerosis Progression in Hypertensive Persons Treated to Blood Pressure Targets. Hypertension 2019; 74:1436-1447. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension promotes atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. We evaluated how cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis progression are associated with blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, and treatment efficacy. In 3555 participants of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study without previous cardiovascular disease (mean±SD; age, 58.9±7.6 years, 46.9% men), we analyzed associations of baseline antihypertensive treatment efficacy (normotension without antihypertensives, normotension with antihypertensives, hypertension without antihypertensives, hypertension with antihypertensives, based on 140/90 mmHg cutoffs) with incident coronary artery calcification (CAC) and CAC progression during 5-year-follow-up and with incident cardiovascular events during 13.5-year-follow-up. We further evaluated associations of incident arterial hypertension and efficacy of new antihypertensive treatment at the 5-year-follow-up with subsequent cardiovascular events. At baseline, 1706 participants had normotension without antihypertensives, 553 normotension with antihypertensives, 786 hypertension without antihypertensives, and 510 hypertension with antihypertensives. Six hundred forty-seven participants experienced rapid CAC progression. One hundred seven, 132, and 249 had incident stroke, coronary event, and cardiovascular event, respectively. Compared with normotensives without antihypertensives, normotensives with antihypertensives had an elevated stroke (hazard ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.19–4.55]), coronary (2.04 [95% CI, 1.20–3.45]), and cardiovascular (2.23 [95% CI, 1.48–3.36]) risk, and increased baseline CAC, but not increased CAC progression. Participants without hypertension at baseline, who were newly hypertensive but achieved normotension with antihypertensives at the 5-year-follow-up, again exhibited elevated stroke (4.80 [95% CI, 1.38–16.70]) and cardiovascular (2.99 [95% CI, 1.25–7.16]) risk, whereas coronary risk was less elevated (2.24 [95% CI, 0.70–7.18]). Normotensives with antihypertensives have an elevated cardiovascular risk. They are characterized by elevated baseline CAC but show no signs of increased CAC progression.
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Schreiber JA, Schepmann D, Frehland B, Thum S, Datunashvili M, Budde T, Hollmann M, Strutz-Seebohm N, Wünsch B, Seebohm G. A common mechanism allows selective targeting of GluN2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Commun Biol 2019; 2:420. [PMID: 31754650 PMCID: PMC6858350 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), especially GluN2B-containing NMDARs, are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson, Alzheimer and Huntington based on their high Ca2+ conductivity. Overactivation leads to high intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and cell death rendering GluN2B-selective inhibitors as promising drug candidates. Ifenprodil represents the first highly potent prototypical, subtype-selective inhibitor of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. However, activity of ifenprodil on serotonergic, adrenergic and sigma receptors limits its therapeutic use. Structural reorganization of the ifenprodil scaffold to obtain 3-benzazepines retained inhibitory GluN2B activity but decreased the affinity at the mentioned non-NMDARs. While scaffold optimization improves the selectivity, the molecular inhibitory mechanism of these compounds is still not known. Here, we show a common inhibitory mechanism of ifenprodil and the related 3-benzazepines by mutational modifications of the receptor binding site, chemical modifications of the 3-benzazepine scaffold and subsequent in silico simulation of the inhibitory mechanism.
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van Alst TM, Wachsmuth L, Datunashvili M, Albers F, Just N, Budde T, Faber C. Anesthesia differentially modulates neuronal and vascular contributions to the BOLD signal. Neuroimage 2019; 195:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hennig F, Moebus S, Reinsch N, Budde T, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Lehmann N, Hoffmann B, Kälsch H. Investigation of air pollution and noise on progression of thoracic aortic calcification: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:965-974. [PMID: 31189380 PMCID: PMC7272124 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319854818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims Air pollution and noise are potential risk factors for subclinical
atherosclerosis. Longitudinal analyses, especially on the interplay of these
environmental factors, are scarce and inconsistent. Hence we investigated
long-term traffic-related exposure to air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of thoracic aortic calcification, a marker of
subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods We used baseline (2000–2003) and follow-up (2006–2008) data from the German
Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4814 middle-aged adults.
Residence-based air pollution (PM2.5 (aerodynamic
diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), PM10, nitrogen dioxide and particle number),
and noise was assessed with dispersion models. Thoracic aortic calcification
was quantified from non-contrast enhanced electron beam computed tomography.
The presence and extent of thoracic aortic calcification progression were
analysed with multiple logistic and linear regression models, respectively,
adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status and
respective co-exposure. Results We observed no association in the full study sample
(n = 3155, mean age 59.1 (±7.6) years, 52.8% women). While
an interquartile range in particle number and night-time noise yielded odds
ratios of 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) and 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) for binary thoracic aortic
calcification progression, and 0.02 (–0.01, 0.05) and 0.04 (0.00, 0.07)
higher growth rates of thoracic aortic calcification in participants with
baseline thoracic aortic calcification less than 10, negative findings were
observed in those with baseline thoracic aortic calcification of 10 or
greater. Results were similar for other pollutants and daytime noise. Conclusion Our study shows no overall associations. Subgroup analyses suggest
independent associations of traffic-related air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in participants
with no or minor thoracic aortic calcification at baseline, in contrast to
negative findings in those with advanced calcification.
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Langenbruch L, Krämer J, Güler S, Möddel G, Geßner S, Melzer N, Elger CE, Wiendl H, Budde T, Meuth SG, Kovac S. Seizures and epilepsy in multiple sclerosis: epidemiology and prognosis in a large tertiary referral center. J Neurol 2019; 266:1789-1795. [PMID: 31069528 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seizures and epilepsy may substantially add to the burden of disease in multiple sclerosis (MS), whereas the exact prevalence and prognosis of seizures and epilepsy in patients with MS remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the epidemiology and prognosis of seizures and epilepsy in MS. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 4078 MS patients from a single tertiary referral clinic. RESULTS After excluding 37 patients with unconfirmed MS and alternative seizure etiologies, we found seizures attributable to MS in 1.5% and epilepsy in 0.9% of patients. 40.4% of patients with a follow-up of at least twelve months experienced only a single seizure and 59.6% had recurring seizures. 39% of patients with recurrent seizures were considered drug-resistant, with 9.7% experiencing status epilepticus. Seizure recurrence after a first seizure depended significantly on the MS subtype and was seen more often if the first seizure occurred simultaneously with a MS relapse than in the absence of a relapse. CONCLUSION Our study shows a lower number of seizures and epilepsy in MS than previously reported. While a single seizure in MS usually has a good prognosis, relapse-associated seizures and established epilepsy in MS may not be as benign as previously assumed.
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Zobeiri M, Chaudhary R, Blaich A, Rottmann M, Herrmann S, Meuth P, Bista P, Kanyshkova T, Lüttjohann A, Narayanan V, Hundehege P, Meuth SG, Romanelli MN, Urbano FJ, Pape HC, Budde T, Ludwig A. The Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN4 Channel is Important for Proper Maintenance of Oscillatory Activity in the Thalamocortical System. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2291-2304. [PMID: 30877792 PMCID: PMC6458902 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels are involved, among other functions, in learning and memory, control of synaptic transmission and epileptogenesis. The importance of the HCN1 and HCN2 isoforms for brain function has been demonstrated, while the role of HCN4, the third major neuronal HCN subunit, is not known. Here we show that HCN4 is essential for oscillatory activity in the thalamocortical (TC) network. HCN4 is selectively expressed in various thalamic nuclei, excluding the thalamic reticular nucleus. HCN4-deficient TC neurons revealed a massive reduction of Ih and strongly reduced intrinsic burst firing, whereas the current was normal in cortical pyramidal neurons. In addition, evoked bursting in a thalamic slice preparation was strongly reduced in the mutant mice probes. HCN4-deficiency also significantly slowed down thalamic and cortical oscillations during active wakefulness. Taken together, these results establish that thalamic HCN4 channels are essential for the production of rhythmic intrathalamic oscillations and determine regular TC oscillatory activity during alert states.
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Romanelli MN, Del Lungo M, Guandalini L, Zobeiri M, Gyökeres A, Árpádffy-Lovas T, Koncz I, Sartiani L, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Budde T, Cerbai E. EC18 as a Tool To Understand the Role of HCN4 Channels in Mediating Hyperpolarization-Activated Current in Tissues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:584-589. [PMID: 30996800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are membrane proteins encoded by four genes (HCN1-4) and widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and in the heart. HCN channels are involved in several physiological functions, including the generation of rhythmic activity, and are considered important drug targets if compounds with isoform selectivity are developed. At present, however, few compounds are known, which are able to discriminate among HCN channel isoforms. The inclusion of the three-methylene chain of zatebradine into a cyclohexane ring gave a compound (3a) showing a 5-fold preference for HCN4 channels, and ability to selectively modulate Ih in different tissues. Compound 3a has been tested for its ability to reduce Ih and to interact with other ion channels in the heart and the central nervous system. Its preference for HCN4 channels makes this compound useful to elucidate the contribution of this isoform in the physiological and pathological processes involving hyperpolarization-activated current.
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Zobeiri M, van Luijtelaar G, Budde T, Sysoev IV. The Brain Network in a Model of Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia. Brain Connect 2019; 9:273-284. [PMID: 30520661 PMCID: PMC6479257 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information processing and higher cognitive functions rely on the interactions between thalamus and cortex. Many types of neurological and psychiatric disorders are accompanied or driven by alterations in the brain connectivity. In this study, putative changes in functional and effective corticocortical (CC), thalamocortical (TC), and corticothalamic (CT) connectivity during wakefulness and slow-wave sleep (SWS) in a model of thalamocortical dysrhythmia, TRIP8b-/- mice, and in control (wild-type or WT) mice are described. Coherence and nonlinear Granger causality (GC) were calculated for twenty 10 s length epochs of SWS and active wakefulness (AW) of each animal. Coherence was reduced between 4 and ca 20 Hz in the cortex and between cortex and thalamus during SWS compared with AW in WT but not in TRIP8b-/- mice. Moreover, TRIP8b-/- mice showed lower CT coherence during AW compared with WT mice; these differences were no longer present during SWS. Unconditional GC analysis also showed sleep-related reductions in TC and CT couplings in WT mice, while TRIP8b-/- mice showed diminished wake and enhanced sleep CC coupling and rather strong CT-directed coupling during wake and sleep, although smaller during sleep. Conditional GC coupling analysis confirmed the diminished CC and enhanced CT coupling in TRIP8b-/- mice. Our findings indicate that altered properties of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels, characterizing TRIP8b-/- mice, have clear effects on CC, TC, and CT networks. A more complete understanding of the function of the altered communication within these networks awaits detailed phenotyping of TRIP8b-/- mice aimed at specifics of sensory and attentional processes.
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Amedonu E, Brenker C, Barman S, Schreiber JA, Becker S, Peischard S, Strutz-Seebohm N, Strippel C, Dik A, Hartung HP, Budde T, Wiendl H, Strünker T, Wünsch B, Goebels N, Meuth SG, Seebohm G, Melzer N. An Assay to Determine Mechanisms of Rapid Autoantibody-Induced Neurotransmitter Receptor Endocytosis and Vesicular Trafficking in Autoimmune Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 30881339 PMCID: PMC6405626 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are among the most important excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the human brain. Autoantibodies to the human NMDAR cause the most frequent form of autoimmune encephalitis involving autoantibody-mediated receptor cross-linking and subsequent internalization of the antibody-receptor complex. This has been deemed to represent the predominant antibody effector mechanism depleting the NMDAR from the synaptic and extra-synaptic neuronal cell membrane. To assess in detail the molecular mechanisms of autoantibody-induced NMDAR endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, and exocytosis we transiently co-expressed rat GluN1-1a-EGFP and GluN2B-ECFP alone or together with scaffolding postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), wild-type (WT), or dominant-negative (DN) mutant Ras-related in brain (RAB) proteins (RAB5WT, RAB5DN, RAB11WT, RAB11DN) in HEK 293T cells. The cells were incubated with a pH-rhodamine-labeled human recombinant monoclonal GluN1 IgG1 autoantibody (GluN1-aAbpH−rhod) genetically engineered from clonally expanded intrathecal plasma cells from a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and the pH-rhodamine fluorescence was tracked over time. We show that due to the acidic luminal pH, internalization of the NMDAR-autoantibody complex into endosomes and lysosomes increases the pH-rhodamine fluorescence. The increase in fluorescence allows for mechanistic assessment of endocytosis, vesicular trafficking in these vesicular compartments, and exocytosis of the NMDAR-autoantibody complex under steady state conditions. Using this method, we demonstrate a role for PSD-95 in stabilization of NMDARs in the cell membrane in the presence of GluN1-aAbpH−rhod, while RAB proteins did not exert a significant effect on vertical trafficking of the internalized NMDAR autoantibody complex in this heterologous expression system. This novel assay allows to unravel molecular mechanisms of autoantibody-induced receptor internalization and to study novel small-scale specific molecular-based therapies for autoimmune encephalitis syndromes.
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Välimaa S, Perea-Lowery L, Smått JH, Peltonen J, Budde T, Vallittu PK. Grit blasted aggregates of hydroxyl apatite functionalized calcium carbonate in occluding dentinal tubules. Heliyon 2019; 4:e01049. [PMID: 30603691 PMCID: PMC6307103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of using hydroxyl apatite functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) particles on occluding dentinal tubules. Methods Dentine specimens extracted from eighteen human molars with exposed dentinal tubules were divided into three groups (n = 6/group): a) Cut surface with smear layer; b) EDTA (smear layer removed with 17% EDTA for 1 min); and c) Grit blasted functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) with and air pressure of 280 kPa. Microscopic dentinal tubule occlusion, tubule diameter and tubule area were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after grit blasting. Biomineralization of specimens was carried out in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Elemental analysis of occluding materials was carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to demonstrate the crystal structure of the biomineralized layer on dentine. Results FCC particles showed penetration into the dentinal tubules by breakage of their original particle shape and size. EDTA treated surface had higher number and larger size tubules than those with smear layer or grit blasted (p < 0.005). SEM-EDX analysis revealed mineral precipitation of calcium phosphate on the SBF immersed dentin specimens. XRD analysis showed typical crystal structure of hydroxyl apatite for the biomineralized surface layer on dentine. Conclusions Grit blasted FCC particles initially occluded effectively the opened dentinal tubules and biomineralization occurred in tubules primarily occluded by the FCC particles. However, in the optimal in vitro conditions in SBF, no difference between biomineralization was found between the grit blasted surface and the control surface. Clinical significance Several materials and methods have been established for treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity although a golden standard treatment has not been discovered. Grit blasted functionalized calcium carbonate has a potential to occlude and remineralize exposed dentinal tubules. This could offer a more biological approach on treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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Hundehege P, Cerina M, Eichler S, Thomas C, Herrmann AM, Göbel K, Müntefering T, Fernandez-Orth J, Bock S, Narayanan V, Budde T, Speckmann EJ, Wiendl H, Schubart A, Ruck T, Meuth SG. The next-generation sphingosine-1 receptor modulator BAF312 (siponimod) improves cortical network functionality in focal autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1950-1960. [PMID: 31290453 PMCID: PMC6676873 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.259622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) like multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by inflammation and demyelinated lesions in white and grey matter regions. While inflammation is present at all stages of MS, it is more pronounced in the relapsing forms of the disease, whereas progressive MS (PMS) shows significant neuroaxonal damage and grey and white matter atrophy. Hence, disease-modifying treatments beneficial in patients with relapsing MS have limited success in PMS. BAF312 (siponimod) is a novel sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator shown to delay progression in PMS. Besides reducing inflammation by sequestering lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues, BAF312 crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds its receptors on neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. To evaluate potential direct neuroprotective effects, BAF312 was systemically or locally administered in the CNS of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice with distinct grey- and white-matter lesions (focal experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using an osmotic mini-pump). Ex-vivo flow cytometry revealed that systemic but not local BAF312 administration lowered immune cell infiltration in animals with both grey and white matter lesions. Ex-vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging of acute brain slices revealed an altered spatio-temporal pattern of activation in the lesioned cortex compared to controls in response to electrical stimulation of incoming white-matter fiber tracts. Here, BAF312 administration showed partial restore of cortical neuronal circuit function. The data suggest that BAF312 exerts a neuroprotective effect after crossing the blood-brain barrier independently of peripheral effects on immune cells. Experiments were carried out in accordance with German and EU animal protection law and approved by local authorities (Landesamt für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen; 87-51.04.2010.A331) on December 28, 2010.
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Davoodi M, Karimooy FN, Budde T, Ortega-Martinez S, Moradi-Kor N. Beneficial effects of Japanese sake yeast supplement on biochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory factors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1667-1673. [PMID: 31564934 PMCID: PMC6730545 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s220181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using chemical agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 may have some limitations due to frequent side effects. Some novel and natural agents may be promising alternatives in this case. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral Japanese sake yeast supplement, as a novel agent, on biochemical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters in experimentally induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS After inducing diabetes (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), 120 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group received 0 (control), 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg of sake yeast or was considered a nondiabetic control. Then, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant status, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin were evaluated and compared to baseline measures. RESULTS The results showed that oral administration of sake yeast at different concentrations reduced levels of malondialdehyde, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides and increased levels of insulin, glutathione, and total antioxidants (P<0.05). The best responses were observed in the nondiabetic control group. CONCLUSION Sake yeast supplement may be useful as a novel agent in the treatment of diabetes.
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Aulova KS, Toporkova LB, Lopatnikova JA, Alshevskaya AA, Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Budde T, Meuth SG, Popova NA, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Changes in cell differentiation and proliferation lead to production of abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA-Histone complexes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5816-5832. [PMID: 30265424 PMCID: PMC6237594 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-prone C57BL/6 mice are used as a model of human multiple sclerosis. We immunize mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), DNA-histone and DNA-methylated bovine serum albumin (met-BSA) complexes to reveal different characteristics of EAE development including bone marrow lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG35-55 results in the acceleration of EAE development. Anti-DNA antibodies are usually directed against DNA-histone complexes resulting from cell apoptosis. During the acute EAE phase (7-20 days after immunization), catalytic antibodies efficiently hydrolysing myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA are produced with parallel suppression of antibodies hydrolysing histones. We could show that in contrast to MOG, immunization with histone-DNA results in a reduction of proteinuria, a significant increase in anti-DNA, anti-MBP and anti-MOG antibody titres, as well as an increase in their catalytic activities for antigen hydrolysis, but slightly changes the concentration of cytokines. Contrary to MOG, DNA-histone and DNA-met-BSA only stimulated the formation of anti-DNA antibodies hydrolysing DNA with a long delay (15-20 days after immunization). Our data indicate that for C57BL/6 mice immunization with DNA-met-BSA and DNA-histone complexes may have opposing effects compared to MOG. DNA-histone stimulates the appearance of histone-hydrolysing abzymes in the acute EAE phase, while abzymes with DNase activity appear at significantly later time-points. We conclude that MOG, DNA-histone and DNA-met-BSA have different effects on numerous bone marrow, cellular, immunological and biochemical parameters of immunized mice, but all antigens finally significantly stimulate the development of the EAE.
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Hundehege P, Fernandez-Orth J, Römer P, Ruck T, Müntefering T, Eichler S, Cerina M, Epping L, Albrecht S, Menke AF, Birkner K, Göbel K, Budde T, Zipp F, Wiendl H, Gorji A, Bittner S, Meuth SG. Targeting Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels with Pregabalin Exerts a Direct Neuroprotective Effect in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurosignals 2018; 26:77-93. [PMID: 30481775 DOI: 10.1159/000495425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prototypical autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disease. Particularly progressive forms of MS (PMS) show significant neuroaxonal damage as consequence of demyelination and neuronal hyperexcitation. Immuno-modulatory treatment strategies are beneficial in relapsing MS (RMS), but mostly fail in PMS. Pregabalin (Lyrica®) is prescribed to MS patients to treat neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, it targets voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and reduces harmful neuronal hyperexcitation in mouse epilepsy models. Studies suggest that GABA analogues like pregabalin exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of ischemia and trauma. METHODS We tested the impact of pregabalin in a mouse model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE) and performed histological and immunological evaluations as well as intravital two-photon-microscopy of brainstem EAE lesions. RESULTS Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments ameliorated the clinical symptoms of EAE and reduced immune cell infiltration into the CNS. On neuronal level, pregabalin reduced long-term potentiation in hippocampal brain slices indicating an impact on mechanisms of learning and memory. In contrast, T cells, microglia and brain endothelial cells were unaffected by pregabalin. However, we found a direct impact of pregabalin on neurons during CNS inflammation as it reversed the pathological elevation of neuronal intracellular Ca2+ levels in EAE lesions. CONCLUSION The presented data suggest that pregabalin primarily acts on neuronal Ca2+ channel trafficking thereby reducing Ca2+-mediated cytotoxicity and neuronal damage in an animal model of MS. Future clinical trials need to assess the benefit for neuronal survival by expanding the indication for pregabalin administration to MS patients in further disease phases.
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