Abstract GMM-061: MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUSE MODELS OF HIGH-GRADE SEROUS CARCINOMA ARISING IN THE OVIDUCT

We recently developed genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of oviductal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) based on conditional inactivation of several different combinations of tumor suppressor genes (Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and Nf1) that are recurrently mutated in human HGSCs. The histopathological features of the mouse tumors closely mimic their human tumor counterparts. In order to characterize how well the mouse tumors recapitulate the molecular characteristics of human HGSCs, targeted exome sequencing was used to analyze the 32 most commonly mutated genes in human HGSC, in 60 mouse tumors arising in the context of Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and/or Nf1 inactivation. We employed the sequence data to assess DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the mouse tumors.

Compared to 14 normal tissues and 8 oviductal tumors arising in the context of Apc, Pten, ± Arid1a inactivation, the mouse HGSCs showed a high level of genomic instability, with many widely distributed CNAs – very similar to the widespread CNAs observed in human HGSCs. Targeted exome sequencing also showed that a subset of the mouse tumors acquired alterations observed in human HGSCs, including amplification of cMyc, and deletion of Pten. Variant analysis identified nonsynonymous SNVs in Csmd3, Crebbp, Pten, Mettl17, and Zymynd8 and a frameshift deletion of Pten. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of these somatic mutations in the mouse tumors and their absence in matched normal tissues. Loss of PTEN expression was observed in those tumors that acquired somatic Pten alterations.

These data show that HGSCs arising in our GEMMs have very similar molecular characteristics to their human tumor counterparts. The somatic alterations are likely acquired during the relatively lengthy period (several months) between tumor initiation and progression to overt malignancy. These features render the models particularly well suited for studying the early phases of HGSC development and for translational applications aimed at identifying effective strategies for HGSC prevention and early detection.

Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Yisheng Wang, Stephanie M. Schulman, Kevin Hu, Albert Liu, Scott A. Tomlins, Eric R. Fearon, and Kathleen R. Cho. MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MOUSE MODELS OF HIGH-GRADE SEROUS CARCINOMA ARISING IN THE OVIDUCT [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr GMM-061.

A new method to reliably determine elastic strain of various crystal structures from atomic-resolution images

Elastic strain engineering is an important strategy to design material properties in semiconductor and emerging advanced manufacturing industries. Recently, peak-pair method has drawn great attention compared to geometric phase analysis, owing to its precise determination of atom position at real space. Most current strain characterization methods estimate the local strain by comparing it with the related information from unstrained areas as reference. However, peak-pair method generated large errors in some cases because of the complexity of lower symmetric crystal structures, such as hexagonal structure. In this study, we introduce a new algorithm to overcome this limitation by directly comparing the atom positions with multiple references with different lattice symmetries. Furthermore, this new method is validated through several complicated crystal systems such as hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, and tetragonal structure, and returns expected values. This finding is essential to reliably determine the localized elastic strain with various crystal structures.

MicroRNA-194 participates in endotoxemia induced myocardial injury via promoting apoptosis

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the expression level of microRNA-194 in myocardial injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its underlying mechanism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

LPS-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury model was established. The expression level of microRNA-194 at different treatment time points was detected. Survival and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were detected after overexpression or knockdown of microRNA-194. The target genes of microRNA-194 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The relationship between microRNA-194 and target genes was verified by the dual luciferase reporter analysis and Western blot. The effects of microRNA-194 mimics and overexpression plasmid pcDNA3/Slc7a5 on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay. Expressions of relative genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway during the process of LPS-induced cardiomyocytes injury were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.

RESULTS

The expression level of microRNA-194 was increased in LPS-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury model in a time-dependent manner. Overexpressed microRNA-194 directly bound to the target gene Slc7a5 and inhibited its expression. Transfection of microRNA-194 mimics increased apoptosis of H9c2 cells, which was rescued by overexpression of pcDNA3/Slc7a5. MicroRNA-194 was capable of promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

MicroRNA-194 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and participates in myocardial injury induced by endotoxemia via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p^{↑}+p, p^{↑}+Al, and p^{↑}+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4) over the range of transverse momentum (1.8<p_{T}<7.0  GeV/c) and Feynman x (0.1<x_{F}<0.2). We observed positive asymmetries for positively charged hadrons in p^{↑}+p collisions, and significantly reduced asymmetries in p^{↑}+A collisions. These results reveal a nuclear dependence of TSSAs for charged-hadron production in a regime where perturbative techniques are applicable. These results provide new opportunities to use p^{↑}+A collisions as a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisions and to use TSSAs as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.

[Analysis of pregnancy outcome of embryos derived from abnormal prokaryotes]

Objective: To summarize the clinical outcome of abnormal prokaryotic embryos [0PN (non-pronuclear), 1PN (one-pronuclear)] transfer for reference in clinical work. Methods: To collect the clinical data of infertility patients who received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm microinjection-embryo transfer from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018 at the reproductive center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and to retrospectively analyze the pregnancy outcome of the cases of embryo transfer from 0PN and 1PN sources. Results: Forty-seven patients were transplanted non-2PN-derived embryos during 50 cycles. There were 18 cycles which only 0PN embryos were transplanted, and the clinical pregnancy rate was 50.0%. There were 17 cycles which only 1PN embryos were transplanted, and the clinical pregnancy rate was 29.4% (compared with 0PN, the difference was not statistically significant, P>0.05). No abnormalities were found in the delivered newborns. Conclusions: In the absence of 2PN-derived embryos, patients can be transplanted blastocysts from 0PN and 1PN sources. Acceptable clinical pregnancy outcomes can be achieved, and the clinical outcomes of 0PN may be better than 1PN.

Lineage tracing suggests that ovarian endosalpingiosis does not result from escape of oviductal epithelium

Most high-grade serous carcinomas are thought to arise from Fallopian tube epithelium (FTE), but some likely arise outside of the tube, perhaps from ectopic tubal-type epithelium known as endosalpingiosis. Importantly, the origin of endosalpingiosis is poorly understood. The proximity of the tubal fimbriae to the ovaries has led to the proposal that disruptions in the ovarian surface that occur during ovulation may allow detached FTE to implant in the ovary and form tubal-type glands and cysts. An alternative model suggests that cells present in ectopic locations outside the Müllerian tract retain the capacity for multi-lineage differentiation and can form glands with tubal-type epithelium. We used double transgenic Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 ;R26R^LSL-eYFP mice, which express an eYFP reporter protein in OVGP1-positive tissues following transient tamoxifen (TAM) treatment, to track the fate of oviductal epithelial cells. Cohorts of adult mice were given TAM to activate eYFP expression in oviductal epithelium, and ovaries were examined at time points ranging from 2 days to 12 months post-TAM. To test whether superovulation might increase acquisition of endosalpingiosis, additional cohorts of TAM-treated mice underwent up to five cycles of superovulation and ovaries were examined at 1, 6, and 12 months post-TAM. Ovaries were sectioned in their entirety to identify endosalpingiosis. Immunohistochemical staining for PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP was employed to study endosalpingiosis lesions. Ovarian endosalpingiosis was identified in 14.2% of TAM-treated adult mice. The endosalpingiotic inclusion glands and cysts were lined by secretory and ciliated cells and expressed PAX8, tubulin, OVGP1, and eYFP. Neither age nor superovulation was associated with a significant increase in endosalpingiosis. Endosalpingiosis was also occasionally present in the ovaries of pre-pubertal mice. The findings imply that ovarian endosalpingiosis in the mouse does not likely arise as a consequence of detachment and implantation of tubal epithelium and other mechanisms may be relevant. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[Blood pressure changes in 18-59 years old adults in rural area of Shanxi province, China]

Objective: To analyze the blood pressure changes of adults aged 18-59 years in rural area of Shanxi province based on a cohort study, and provide reference for the study of the blood pressure level of rural residents and hypertension prevention and control in rural areas in China. Methods: Data were obtained from Shanxi Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort from 2002 to 2015. Subjects aged <18 years or ≥60 years and individuals with hypertension at baseline survey in 2002, and those who had taken antihypertensive drugs for nearly two weeks during the follow-up survey in 2015 were excluded from the study. A total of 1 629 subjects aged 18-59 years were included in the analyses of the blood pressure level and its change from the baseline survey in 2002 to follow-up survey in 2015. Results: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the subjects increased from (122.7±10.4) mmHg in 2002 to (132.8±17.6) mmHg in 2015 and the diastolic pressure (DBP) increased from (72.7±6.9) mmHg in 2002 to (78.8±10.3) mmHg in 2015. The SBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 6.7% and 9.5%. While DBP in men and women increased with growth rates of 9.3% and 7.8%. The SBP levels of those aged 18-, 30-, 40- and 50-59 years increased with growth rates of 5.0%, 6.7%, 9.4% and 11.8%. While the DBP of these age groups increased with growth rates of 12.2%, 8.2%, 8.2% and 6.5%. Conclusions: The blood pressure of adults aged 18-59 years old in rural area of Shanxi showed a substantially increasing trend. The mean increase level of SBP in women was higher than that in men, and increased with age. While the mean increase level of DBP in men is higher than that in women, and decreased with age.

[Follow-up analysis on change of serum total cholesterol concentration in rural residents in Shanxi province]

Objective: To analyze the longitudinal change of serum total cholesterol concentration in 733 rural residents in Shanxi province. Methods: Based on the residents of five rural areas in Shanxi province who participated in China nutrition and health survey in 2002, a follow-up survey was conducted in 2015. Fasting venous blood of the participants was collected and serum TC concentration was tested by cholesterol oxidase method. Results: Of 733 participants, 332 were male and 401 were female. In 2002 baseline survey, the age of the participants was (42.6±9.5) years old, 76.2% of male and 83.8% of female had junior middle school education or below. Proportion of smoking were 65.7% and 1.2%, drinking were 26.8% and 4.0%, obesity were 6.3% and 12.0%, and central obesity were 27.1% and 31.9%, respectively in male and female. The follow-up age of participants in 2015 was (55.8±9.5) years old, proportion of smoking changed to 48.2% and 1.5%, drinking were 49.7% and 3.0%, obesity increased to 11.8% and 18.2% and central obesity increased to 41.6% and 53.6%, respectively in male and female. The overall serum TC level increased from (3.82±0.89) mmol/L to (4.72±0.97) mmol/L with an average increase of 27.2%, which increased from (3.84±0.94) mmol/L to (4.54±0.93) mmol/L in male with an average increase of 22.7%, and increased from (3.81±0.84) mmol/L to (4.86±0.98) mmol/L in female with an average increase of 30.9%. The serum TC levels in 18-, 30-, 40-, and 50-59 years old group increased from (3.42±0.83), (3.72±0.77), (3.90±0.83) and (4.00±1.03) mmol/L to (4.38±1.01), (4.79±0.92), (4.73±0.99) and (4.76±0.96) mmol/L, with average increase range of 31.4%, 32.1%, 25.2% and 22.6%, respectively. The mean serum TC levels between two years all had statistically significant difference among groups of gender, age, education, marital status, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, drinking, BMI and waist circumference after paired t-test and ANOVA analysis (P<0.01). Conclusion: The longitudinal serum TC level of rural residents in Shanxi province increased rapidly.

[A cohort study on the association between dietary patterns which benefit for normal kidney function and the cognitive performance in the Chinese elderly]

Objective: To explore the association between dietary pattern which benefit for normal kidney function and the risk of cognitive decline or impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, subjects aged 60 and over from four counties in the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Family Cohort project, were followed up in 2017. Cognitive function was repeatedly assessed, using the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function was extracted, using the reduced rank regression method and followed by logistic regression models to explore the associations between scores that showing the kidney function on dietary patterns and the risk of cognitive deterioration and impairment in two years among those who were with normal cognition in 2015. Results: Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function, was characterized by high consumption of cereal, vegetables, legume and fruits but with less meat and soy products. Comparing with the group with lowest score quartile on this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive deterioration in the highest quartile group was significantly low (P<0.01) in two years, with an odds ratio as 0.57 (95%CI: 0.37-0.85). Linear trend was also obviously visible (P=0.007) in this group. The ones at the highest quartile group among the normal cognition ones in 2015, the risk of cognitive impairment also significantly reduced (P<0.05) in two years time, with an odds ratio as 0.52 (95%CI: 0.29-0.93). Also, linear trend could obviously be seen (P=0.01). Conclusion: Dietary pattern that benefit for normal kidney function was both inversely associated with cognitive deterioration and impairment, in two years.

[Assessment on the capacity for prevention and control programs for chronic non-communicable diseases in China, in 2014]

Objective: To assess the capacity of prevention and control on chronic non- communicable diseases (NCDs) in China. Methods: On-line questionnaire survey was adopted by 3 395 CDCs at provincial, municipal and county (district) levels and 3 000 primary health care units, and assess on capacity of policy, infrastructure, capacity of training and guidance, cooperation, surveillance, intervention and management, assessment and scientific research from September 2014 to March 2015. Results: (1) Capacity of policy: 23 (71.9%) provincial, 139 (40.6%) municipal and 919 (31.2%) county (district) governments or health administrative departments had existing plans for prevention and control of NCDs. (2) Capacity of infrastructure: 25 (78.1%) provincial, 136 (39.8%) municipal and 529 (18.0%) county (district) CDCs had set up departments dedicated to the prevention and control of NCDs, with 9 787 staff members, accounting for 5.0% of the total CDC personnel, working on NCDs prevention and control programs. 68.1% of the CDCs had special funding set for NCDs prevention and control. (3) Capacity of training and guidance: 2 485 CDCs (74.9%) held all kinds of training on prevention and control of NCDs. 2 571 (87.3%) CDCs at the county (district) level provided technical guidance for primary health care units. (4) Capacity of cooperation: 42.0% of the CDCs had experiences collaborating with the mass media. (5) Capacity of surveillance: 73.8% of the CDCs had set up programs for death registration while less than 50.0% of the CDCs had implemented surveillance programs on major NCDs and related risk factors. In terms of primary health care units, 32.4% of them had set up reporting system for newly developed stroke case and 29.9% of them having programs on myocardial infarction case reporting. (6) Capacity of intervention and management: 69.1% and 68.2% of the CDCs conducted individualized intervention programs on hypertension and diabetes, while less than 40.0% CDCs conducting intervention programs on other NCDs and risk factors. More than 90.0% of the primary health care units carried out follow-up surveys on hypertension and diabetes. However, only 17.4% and 13.7% of the CDCs working on hypertension and diabetes patient management programs while 83.7% and 80.4%, of them following the standardized guidelines for management, with successful rates of control as 59.2% and 55.2%, respectively. (7) Capacity of assessment: 32.4% of the CDCs or health administrations carried out evaluation programs related to the responses on NCDs. (8) Capacity of scientific research: the capacity on scientific research among provincial CDCs was apparently higher than that at the municipal or county (district) CDCs. Conclusions: Compared with the results of previous two surveys, the capacity on policies set for the prevention and control programs improved continuously, at all level NCDs, but remained relatively weak, especially at both county (district) and primary health care units.

[Effect of influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinations on elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: a community-based intervention study]

Objective: To explore the effect of influenza and 23 valent pneumococcal polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccinations on symptom-improvement among elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods: Data was gathered from 4 communities in 3 National Demonstration Areas set for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic non- communicable diseases in Chongqing city and Ningbo city respectively, from November 2013 to October 2014. The communities were selected by cluster sampling and divided into 4 groups: (1) injected influenza vaccines; (2) injected with pneumococcal vaccines; (3) received both of the two vaccines; (4) the control group that without any intervention measures. All the subjects aged from 60 to 75 were selected to fill in demographic information questionnaire and receive (COPD assessment test, CAT) scores twice, before intervention and 1 year after the vaccination. SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the change of symptoms and CAT scores before and after the intervention program and comparing the improvement on symptoms among the elderly people under study. Results: A total of 1 244 subjects with nearly same baseline conditions after the propensity score matching, were involved in this study. CAT scores appeared as Median=21 (IQR: 17-26) at baseline. The CAT scores appeared as Median=18 (IQR: 14-24), decreasing in all the 3 vaccinated groups, one year after the intervention program (influenza vaccines, matching t test, t=-6.531, P=0.403; pneumococcal vaccines, Wilcoxon test, H=-9 623, P<0.001; combined vaccine vaccines, matching t test, t=-10.803, P<0.001). However, in the control group, no obvious change was observed (Wilcoxon H=1 167, P=0.403). Proportions of impacts at high or very high levels all decreased in the 3 intervention groups, while little change was observed in the control group. Outcomes from the Factorial analysis suggested that influenza vaccination could improve the general conditions and symptoms including cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, physical activities, and stamina. Pneumococcal vaccination appeared more effective on all of symptoms and indicators. Conclusion: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination seemed helpful for elderly people suffering COPD to improve the general health condition.

[Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years]

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Methods: Data was from the samples of aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance program in 2010-2012. P(90) (the same age, the same sex) was used as the diagnostic value for abdominal obesity. Results: The overall waist circumference of children and adolescents in all the age groups appeared higher in males than that in females (P<0.000 1), higher in cities than that in the rural areas (P<0.05), and higher in children with high family income than those with middle or low family incomes (P=0.000 3). The rate of abdominal obesity in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years appeared as 11.2% on average and 10.7% and 11.8% for boys and girls, respectively but with no significant difference (P>0.05). Rates on abdominal obesity appeared as 13.2% and 8.5% for boys while as 12.3% and 11.2% for girls respectively, in urban or rural areas. As for the levels of family income, the abdominal obesity rates appeared as 15.8%, 11.5% and 8.8% respectively for boys while 13.5%, 11.9% and 11.6% respectively for girls, under high, middle and low levels of family income. Conclusion: The rate of abdominal obesity in boys seemed more responsive to the impact of income in urban or rural areas.

[Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years]

Objective: To analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, and to provide scientific basis for the development of prevention strategies on obesity. Methods: Data was from children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010-2012 program. In children aged 6 years, criteria of overweight and obesity were followed the WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. In children and adolescents aged 7-17 years, overweight and obesity were defined by sex and age specific BMI, recommended by Guidelines for prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents according to the Chinese guidelines. Results: The overall rates on overweight and obesity were 9.6% and 6.4% among the Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, with 11.0% (12.8% for boys and 9.0% for girls) in urban and 7.7% (boys 9.7%, girls 5.5%) in rural areas. The rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents were 8.4% (boys 9.3%, girls 7.4%) and 5.2% (boys 6.2%, girls 4.1%) in the rural areas. According to the levels of household income, the overweight rates of children in high, middle and low incomes were 12.3%, 10.7% and 8.2%, with obesity as 8.6%, 7.2% and 5.7% respectively. Conclusions: In 2012, the prevalence rates of overweight and obese were 9.6% and 6.4% among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, respectively, higher in urban than in rural areas and higher boys than in girls. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity seemed to be related to the levels of household income.

Abstract B76: Oncogenic Kras and Pik3ca can cooperate with inactivation of various tumor suppressor genes to generate high-grade serous carcinomas in the mouse oviduct

Recent studies suggest that most “ovarian” high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) actually originate from precursors in the fallopian tubal epithelium (FTE) known as serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs). We have developed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen-regulated Cre recombinase in the oviductal epithelium—equivalent to human FTE. We recently employed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice to show that FTE-specific inactivation of several different combinations of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) that are recurrently mutated in human HGSCs—namely Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and Nf1---results in STICs that progress to HGSC or Müllerian carcinosarcoma over several months, and to widely metastatic disease in a subset of mice. The histopathologic features of the mouse tumors closely resemble those of their human tumor counterparts.

The PI3K and RAS signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in human HGSCs, often via amplification (and much less frequently mutation) of PIK3CA and KRAS, respectively. We wished to determine if mutant Kras or Pik3ca can cooperate with inactivation of various combinations of the aforementioned TSGs to generate oviductal HGSCs in the mouse, and were particularly interested in generating tumors in the context of intact Brca1/2. We found that conditional mutation of Kras (G12D) can cooperate with Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and/or Nf1 inactivation in the generation of HGSCs in the mouse. Only two TSGs alterations (Trp53 and Rb1) were required for tumor development in the context of mutant Kras. HGSCs and/or carcinosarcomas developed rapidly in the context of mutant Kras and bi-allelic inactivation of Trp53 and Rb1, even when Brca1 and Brca2 were intact. HGSC and/or carcinosarcoma also developed in the oviducts following conditional mutation of Pik3ca (E545K) and various combinations of inactivated Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and/or Nf1 alleles. When compared to our prior study of mouse tumors arising in the context of TSG inactivation alone, our data show that that 1) oncogenic Kras or Pik3ca accelerates tumor development and progression in mice carrying floxed Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and/or Nf1 alleles compared to mice with the same TSG defects but without mutant Kras or Pik3ca; 2) oviductal tumorigenesis in the mouse requires fewer TSGs defects when mutant Kras or Pik3ca is also present; and 3) oviductal HGSCs can arise in the context of wild-type Brca1/2. Collectively, these models recapitulate the heterogeneity of human HGSC and should prove useful for testing new approaches for prevention, early detection, and treatment.

Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Stephanie Schulman, Neil Khandwala, Eric R. Fearon, Kathleen R. Cho. Oncogenic Kras and Pik3ca can cooperate with inactivation of various tumor suppressor genes to generate high-grade serous carcinomas in the mouse oviduct. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr B76.

[Association between blood pressure related dietary patterns and identified cognitive performance in the elderly Chinese-a study by reduced rank regression method]

Objective: To study the association between blood pressure related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, all participants who were aged ≥60 and participated in the Nutrition and Chronic disease family cohort were involved in the study. Information on demographic variables, lifestyle and health status was collected. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured by trained medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected for testing on serum level of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Both SBP and DBP were used as response variables when dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of scores on blood pressure-related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment. Results: Two blood related dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by high consumption of vegetables and less meat, eggs and dessert (Pattern 1), while the second one was with high consumption of meat, soy products, wine and fried foods and less intake of dairy (Pattern 2). Data showed that the Pattern 1 was associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Comparing with the lowest quartile of score of this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive impairment in the highest quartile group showed a significant (P<0.01) increase, with OR=1.94 (1.21-3.11) and showing significant (P=0.002) linear trend. However, no significant association was observed (P>0.05) with cognitive impairment in the second dietary pattern. Conclusion: Blood pressure-related dietary pattern was positively associated with cognitive impairment.

MiR-30a relieves migraine by degrading CALCA

OBJECTIVE

To investigate both the relationship and underlying mechanism between miR-30a and migraine.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Peripheral blood samples were collected from migraine patients and healthy people to extract RNA for quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between mRNA expressions and patient data was analyzed by t-test. Target genes of miR-30a were predicted by the TargetScan. The binding of miR-30a to the target gene was verified by dual fluorescein reporter assay. The protein expression of calcitonin/alpha-CGRP gene (CALCA), the miR-30a target gene, was detected by Western blot.

RESULTS

Expression levels of miR-30a in peripheral blood of migraine patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls detected by qRT-PCR, and the methylation level of miR-30a in promoter region was remarkably increased. In addition, expression levels of miR-30a were significantly decreased in patients with bilateral seizures, persistent pain and high pain index. CALCA was found to be the target gene of miR-30a via bioinformatics analysis. We verified that miR-30a degrades CALCA by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Western blot results showed that overexpression of miR-30a down-regulated the CALCA expression, and knockdown of miR-30a upregulated the CALCA expression.

CONCLUSIONS

Expression levels of miR-30a are significantly decreased in migraine patients and can relieve migraine through the degradation of CALCA.

[Retrospection and reflection on international progress of sugar-sweetened beverages tax policies]

Since the invention of sugar, added sugars bring us enjoyment. As consumption continues to rise, especially the advent of sugary drinks makes it easier for people to consume added sugars, less sugars and reduced sugars have also become a of concern around the world. In recent years, in WHO and several countries, tax on sugary beverages has been designed to reduce the intake of sugar and prevent the economic costs of obesity and other diseases. This paper reviews the WHO's proposal on sugary drinks tax and the progress of sugary drinks tax in Hungary, Finland, France, Mexico, the United States, South Africa and other countries and regions. The effect of policy on sugary drinks tax was analyzed and considered. Suggestion and support for the progress of China's reduced sugars was provided in the last.

[Epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults in 2010-2012]

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (AO) among Chinese adults aged 18 and above. Methods: Data were collected from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratifies proportion to the population cluster random sampling method was conducted to determine 120 265 subjects aged 18 and above at 150 counties in 31 provinces in China mainland. WC was determined for all subjects, and AO was judged according to the "Healthy Adult Weight Determination" (WS/T 428-2013). Using the demographic data published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 2009, we performed complex sampling weighted treatment to calculate the WC, AO rate and 95%CI. Results: The mean WC of Chinese men aged 18 and above was 82.8 cm, which of urban men (84.1 cm) was higher than that of rural men (81.4 cm) (P<0.001). The average WC of women was 78.5 cm. There was no statistical difference between urban (78.7 cm) and rural women (78.4 cm) (P=0.965). With the increase of education level, the mean WC of male increased gradually from 81.2 cm to 84.3 cm (P<0.001), and the mean WC of female decreased from 80.3 cm to 74.3 cm (P<0.001). With the family income rose, the mean WC of men increased gradually from 81.9 cm to 84.7 cm (P<0.001), and the mean of WC of women decreased from 78.8 cm to 77.6 cm (P<0.001). The AO rate was 25.7% (95% CI: 23.7%-27.7%) in adults aged 18 years and older. The AO rate in urban males (29.8% (95%CI: 26.5%-33.1%)) was significantly higher than that of rural males (22.3% (95%CI: 19.3%-25.2%)) (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in the female AO rate between urban (25.6% (95%CI: 22.8%-28.4%)) and rural areas (25.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-27.9%)) (P=0.772). With the increase of the educational level, the AO rate of men increased from 20.1% (95%CI: 18.0%-22.1%) to 32.6% (95%CI: 28.6%-36.6%) (P<0.001), the rate of women decreased gradually from 31.3% (95%CI: 28.7%-33.9%) to 13.5% (95%CI: 10.9%-16.1%) (P<0.001). With the increase of family income, the AO rate of male increased gradually from 23.3% (95%CI: 20.7%-25.9%) to 31.8% (95%CI: 27.6%-36.1%) (P<0.001), the rate of female decreased from 26.5% (95% CI: 24.2%-28.7%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 17.2%-22.8%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of AO among Chinese residents aged 18 years and above was high, and there were significant differences in WC and AO rate between men and women under different age, region, educational level and family income level.

High-grade serous carcinomas arise in the mouse oviduct via defects linked to the human disease

Recent studies have suggested that the most common and lethal type of 'ovarian' cancer, i.e. high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), usually arises from epithelium on the fallopian tube fimbriae, and not from the ovarian surface epithelium. We have developed Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen-regulated Cre recombinase in oviductal epithelium - the murine equivalent of human fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). We employed Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 mice to show that FTE-specific inactivation of several different combinations of tumour suppressor genes that are recurrently mutated in human HGSCs - namely Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and Nf1 - results in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) that progress to HGSC or carcinosarcoma, and to widespread metastatic disease in a subset of mice. The cancer phenotype is highly penetrant and more rapid in mice carrying engineered alleles of all four tumour suppressor genes. Brca1, Trp53 and Pten inactivation in the oviduct also results in STICs and HGSCs, and is associated with diffuse epithelial hyperplasia and mucinous metaplasia, which are not observed in mice with intact Pten. Oviductal tumours arise earlier in these mice than in those with Brca1, Trp53, Rb1 and Nf1 inactivation. Tumour initiation and/or progression in mice lacking conditional Pten alleles probably require the acquisition of additional defects, a notion supported by our identification of loss of the wild-type Rb1 allele in the tumours of mice carrying only one floxed Rb1 allele. Collectively, the models closely recapitulate the heterogeneity and histological, genetic and biological features of human HGSC. These models should prove useful for studying the pathobiology and genetics of HGSC in vivo, and for testing new approaches for prevention, early detection, and treatment. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

CHIP/Stub1 regulates the Warburg effect by promoting degradation of PKM2 in ovarian carcinoma

Tumor cells preferentially adopt aerobic glycolysis for their energy supply, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. It remains a matter of debate as to how the Warburg effect is regulated during tumor progression. Here, we show that CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein), a U-box E3 ligase, suppresses tumor progression in ovarian carcinomas by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. While CHIP is downregulated in ovarian carcinoma, induced expression of CHIP results in significant inhibition of the tumor growth examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Reciprocally, depletion of CHIP leads to promotion of tumor growth. By a SiLAD proteomics analysis, we identified pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), a critical regulator of glycolysis in tumors, as a target that CHIP mediated for degradation. Accordingly, we show that CHIP regulates PKM2 protein stability and thereafter the energy metabolic processes. Depletion or knockout of CHIP increased the glycolytic products in both tumor and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Simultaneously, we observed that CHIP expression inversely correlated with PKM2 levels in human ovarian carcinomas. This study reveals a mechanism that the Warburg effect is regulated by CHIP through its function as an E3 ligase, which mediates the degradation of PKM2 during tumor progression. Our findings shed new light into understanding of ovarian carcinomas and may provide a new therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.

Impact of oviductal versus ovarian epithelial cell of origin on ovarian endometrioid carcinoma phenotype in the mouse

Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is a relatively indolent ovarian carcinoma subtype that is nonetheless deadly if detected late. Existing genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of the disease, based on transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), take advantage of known ovarian EC driver gene lesions, but do not fully recapitulate the disease features seen in patients. An EC model in which the Apc and Pten tumour suppressor genes are conditionally deleted in murine OSE yields tumours that are biologically more aggressive and significantly less differentiated than human ECs. Importantly, OSE is not currently thought to be the tissue of origin of most ovarian cancers, including ECs, suggesting that tumour initiation in Müllerian epithelium may produce tumours that more closely resemble their human tumour counterparts. We have developed Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen (TAM)-regulated Cre recombinase in oviductal epithelium - the murine equivalent of human Fallopian tube epithelium. Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 ;Apc^fl/fl ;Pten^fl/fl mice treated with TAM or injected with adenovirus expressing Cre into the ovarian bursa uniformly develop oviductal or ovarian ECs, respectively. On the basis of their morphology and global gene expression profiles, the oviduct-derived tumours more closely resemble human ovarian ECs than do OSE-derived tumours. Furthermore, mice with oviductal tumours survive much longer than their counterparts with ovarian tumours. The slow progression and late metastasis of oviductal tumours resembles the relatively indolent behaviour characteristic of so-called Type I ovarian carcinomas in humans, for which EC is a prototype. Our studies demonstrate the utility of Ovgp1-iCreER^T2 mice for manipulating genes of interest specifically in the oviductal epithelium, and establish that the cell of origin is an important consideration in mouse ovarian cancer GEMMs. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract TMEM-018: IN VITRO MODELS OF HGSC BASED ON MURINE OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIAL ORGANOIDS

Mouse models of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) arising from oviductal epithelium provide excellent in vivo systems with which to define the cellular and molecular events associated with HGSC development and progression. However, tumors in mice typically develop over months rather than weeks, and tumor progression in vivo cannot be easily monitored. Murine organoid models that closely mimic the biology of fallopian tube epithelium would facilitate research exploring HGSC pathogenesis.

We have developed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Cre recombinase in the oviductal epithelium – the murine equivalent of human fallopian tube epithelium. We have established long-term, 3-dimensional oviductal epithelial organoid cultures from Ovgp1-iCreERT2;R26LSL-EYFP double transgenic mice, and show that the organoids contain both ciliated and secretory cells, and express oviductal epithelial markers including cytokeratin 8, ER, PAX8 and OVGP1. Organoids treated in vitro with 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) activate the EYFP reporter.

Oviductal epithelial organoids established from Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Brca1del/fl; Trp53mut/fl;Rb1fl/fl (BPR) mice and treated in vitro with 4-OH-TAM show selection for the recombined tumor suppressor gene alleles by passage 6, accompanied by morphological and behavioral changes associated with neoplastic transformation. Stable organoid cultures can also be established from the oviductal epithelium of BPR mice treated in vivo with Tamoxifen (TAM).

We show that long-lived 3-dimensional organoids can be generated from normal oviductal tissue; can undergo Cre-mediated recombination in vitro to inactivate tumor suppressor genes relevant to human HGSC pathogenesis; and can acquire properties associated with neoplastic transformation in a relatively short period of time (weeks). As we have already generated Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice with various combinations of constitutional and Cre-inducible mutant tumor suppressor gene (Trp53, Rb1, Brca1, Pten, Nf1, Apc) and oncogene (PIK3CA, KRAS) alleles, the roles of specific genetic alterations in HGSC pathogenesis can be explored in a relatively rapid and controlled experimental system.

Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Eric R. Fearon, and Kathleen R. Cho. IN VITRO MODELS OF HGSC BASED ON MURINE OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIAL ORGANOIDS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-018.

Gilbert damping in CoFeB/GaAs(001) film with enhanced in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy

A 3.5 nm amorphous CoFeB film was sputtered on GaAs (001) wafer substrate without applying magnetic field during deposition, and a significant in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) field (H_u) of about 300 Oe could be achieved. To precisely determine the intrinsic Gilbert damping constant (α) of this film, both ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) techniques were utilized. With good fitting of the dynamic spectra of FMR and TRMOKE, α is calculated to be 0.010 and 0.013, respectively. Obviously, the latter is 30% larger than the former, which is due to the transient heating effect during the TRMOKE measurement. In comparison with ordinary amorphous CoFeB films with negligible magnetic anisotropies, α is enhanced significantly in the CoFeB/GaAs(001) film, which may be mainly resulted from the enhanced spin-orbit coupling induced by the CoFeB/GaAs interface. However, the significant in-plane UMA plays minor role in the enhancement of α.

Development of polymorphic microsatellites for Sillago sihama based on next-generation sequencing and transferability to Sillago japonica

Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775), a commercially important marine fishery species in the Indo-West Pacific, is being developed as a target species for aquaculture and stock enhancement in China. However, due to the limitations of traditional isolation methods, the available microsatellite loci, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), of S. sihama lack diversity. We used a stepwise approach including Illumina sequencing, primer screening, and SSR marker validation to develop diverse SSRs for S. sihama. A total of 853.48 Mb clean sequences were assembled with high coverage and sequencing depth, and 27,288 potential SSRs were identified. A set of 18 novel SSR markers with four type motifs including 11 di-, 1 tri-, 5 tetra-, and 1 hexanucleotide repeats were successfully isolated. The ranges of number of alleles per locus and observed and expected heterozygosities were 5-24, 0.226-0.968, and 0.319-0.950, respectively. The diversity parameters exhibited high levels of polymorphism in these 18 loci. Three loci with the presence of both null alleles and inbreeding showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. Moreover, 13 loci developed in S. sihama showed high transferability to the closely related species Sillago japonica. The polymorphic SSR markers developed in this study may serve as valuable tools for further basic and applied research on the genetic resources of S. sihama as well as S. japonica. Our results indicate that this approach, based on next-generation sequencing technology, is convenient, cost-effective, and suitable for SSR marker isolation in other sillaginid fishes.

[Application of TB type thermal balloon endometrial ablation for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy, safety and promotion value of TB type thermal balloon endometrial ablation in the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Fourty three patients who had received TB type endometrial ablation system for treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding from January, 2015 to January, 2016 in theDepartment of gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were enrolled in this study. The intra-operative and post-operative complications and improvement of abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea were observed. Results: There were nointra-operative complication occurred, such as uterine perforation, massive hemorrhage or surrounding organ damage. At 6 months after operation, 32 patients developed amenorrhea, 6 developed menstrual spotting, 3 developed menstruation with a small volume and 1 had a normal menstruation. No menstruation with an increased volume occurred. The occurrence of amenorrhea was 76.19% and the response rate was 97.62%.At 6 months after operation, 1 case had no response, 2 cases had partial response and 11 cases had complete response among the 14 cases of pre-operative dysmenorrhea; only 3 cases still had anemia among the 23 cases of pre-operative anemia. Compared with before treatment, patients with dysmenorrhea and anemia both significantly reduced with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion: TB type thermal balloon endometrial ablation has a significant efficacy with high safety for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, which could have clinical promotion practice.

Abstract 2684: Modeling a prototypical type I ovarian carcinoma in the mouse based on oviductal versus ovarian epithelial transformation: which is superior

Type I ovarian carcinomas are relatively indolent tumors that are nonetheless deadly if detected too late. Endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is a prototypical Type I ovarian cancer subtype. Existing mouse models of the disease based on transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) take advantage of known EC genetic signatures but fail to capture fully the clinical disease progression and tumor phenotype. We previously described a mouse ovarian EC model in which the Apc and Pten tumor suppressor genes are conditionally deleted in the OSE via bursal injection of adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase (AdCre). We now report a new mouse model of EC in which the Ovgp1 (oviductal glycoprotein) promoter regulates expression of tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase specifically in the mouse oviductal epithelium (equivalent to human fallopian tube epithelium [FTE]), and not in the OSE or endometrium. Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Apcfl/fl;Ptenfl/fl mice treated with tamoxifen (TAM) develop oviductal tumors over months rather than weeks. The oviductal EC morphology closely resembles that of human ovarian ECs, with overt gland formation throughout, whereas ovarian bursal injection of AdCre in Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Apcfl/fl;Ptenfl/fl mice results in OSE-derived ECs that are poorly differentiated and include a prominent spindle cell component, consistent with our prior work. OSE-derived tumors progress rapidly, with none of the mice surviving beyond 14 weeks post-AdCre injection. Littermates with FTE-derived tumors survive much longer (&gt;30 weeks post TAM). The slow progression and late (typically &gt;16 weeks post TAM) metastasis to ovary and omentum associated with the FTE-derived tumors are more akin to the relatively indolent behavior characteristic of Type I ovarian carcinoma in humans. To further evaluate which of the two types of mouse tumors more closely resemble human ovarian tumors, we profiled gene expression in 6 FTE- and 5 OSE-derived Apc/Pten-deficient tumors, and compared the groups to each other and to data from 99 human ovarian carcinomas we analyzed previously (including 37 endometrioid, 41 serous, and 13 clear cell, and 8 mucinous carcinomas). Based on gene expression, the FTE-derived tumors are more correlated to every class of human ovarian tumors (p &lt; 2 X10−6 in all 4 comparisons), with highest correlation to human ECs (particularly those with mutant CTNNB1) and mucinous carcinomas. This new model of EC, based on transformation of Mullerian epithelium rather than the OSE, will likely prove more suitable for translational applications, including pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutics for ovarian EC.

Citation Format: Rong Wu, Yali Zhai, Rork Kuick, Paloma Garcia, Anum Naseem, Eric R. Fearon, kathleen R. Cho. Modeling a prototypical type I ovarian carcinoma in the mouse based on oviductal versus ovarian epithelial transformation: which is superior. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2684.

Overexpression of soybean R2R3-MYB transcription factor, GmMYB12B2, and tolerance to UV radiation and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis

MYB, v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog, proteins play central roles in plant stress response. Previously, we identified a novel R2R3-MYB transcription factor, GmMYB12B2, which affected the expression levels of some key enzyme genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis. In the present study, we analyzed the expression levels of GmMYB12B2 under salt, low temperature, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatments in soybean using semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of GmMYB12B2 was drastically induced by UV irradiation and salt treatment, but no response was detected under low temperature, drought, and ABA stresses. A detailed characterization of the GmMYB12B2 overexpression lines revealed that GmMYB12B2 might be involved in response of plants to UV radiation and salt stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively expressing GmMYB12B2 showed an increased tolerance to salt and UV radiation treatment compared with wild-type plants. The expression levels of certain salt stress-responsive genes, such as DREB2A and RD17, were found to be elevated in the transgenic plants. These results indicate that GmMYB12B2 acts as a regulator in the plant stress response.

Genomic Profiling of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals New Opportunities for Targeted Therapy

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCCA) is a rare malignancy for which there are limited treatment options due to a poor understanding of the molecular alterations underlying disease development and progression. Therefore, we performed comprehensive, targeted next-generation sequencing to identify relevant somatic genomic alterations in a retrospective cohort of 60 fixed tumor samples from 43 PeSCCA cases (including 14 matched primary/metastasis pairs). We identified a median of two relevant somatic mutations and one high-level copy-number alteration per sample (range, 0-5 and 0-6, respectively). Expression of HPV and p16 was detectable in 12% and 28% of patients, respectively. Furthermore, advanced clinical stage, lack of p16 expression, and MYC and CCND1 amplifications were significantly associated with shorter time to progression or PeSCCA-specific survival. Notably, four cases harbored EGFR amplifications and one demonstrated CDK4 amplification, genes for which approved and investigational targeted therapies are available. Importantly, although paired primary tumors and lymph node metastases were largely homogeneous for relevant somatic mutations, we identified heterogeneous EGFR amplification in primary tumor/lymph node metastases in 4 of 14 cases, despite uniform EGFR protein overexpression. Likewise, activating HRAS mutations occurred in 8 of 43 cases. Taken together, we provide the first comprehensive molecular PeSCCA analysis, which offers new insight into potential precision medicine approaches for this disease, including strategies targeting EGFR.

Application and Revision of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in China's Military Retirees with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective

In an effort to accommodate MOCA to better fit for the Chinese context, this study was designed to employ the MOCA criteria to screen mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and analyze associated risk factors in military retirees.

Methods

Three hundred and four retired military cadres were recruited using a random cluster sampling technique with information collected including personal, prevalence, MOCA scale, and related neuropsychiatry scale. Thirty retirees were randomly chosen to be further analyzed one month later using the revised MOCA scale.

Results

①Our data indicated an incidence rate of 64.8% for mild cognitive impairment in retired military cadres. The incidence rate for MCI was significantly higher in those aged 80 or above compared with those 80 years of age or younger (P<0.05). The incidence rate of MCI was significantly higher in those with fewer than 6 years of education compared with those with over 7 years of education (P<0.05). The MCI incidence was higher for those with little exercise than those taking regular exercise (P<0.01). Moreover, the MCI incidence was higher in stroke patients than those who never had a stroke episode (P<0.05). ②There was a significant correlation between MOCA and MMSE scale scores (r = 0.81). MOCA scale scores were negatively correlated with ADL and CES-D scores (although not PSQI scores). ③ MOCA recension Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.862. The related coefficient of MOCA and MOCA recension was 0.878(P<0.01). When the Score of cut-off -point of the MOCA recension was 28, the area in ROC curve analyses was 0.859, as well as the largest area.

Conclusion

Retired cadres exhibited a greater incidence of MCI (than general population), which was closely associated with age, level of education and physical exercise and cerebral apoplexy. Revised MOCA scale displays a better validity and reaction degree of reliability and is more suitable for screening and diagnosis of MCI in the elderly in China.

Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obese and Metabolically Obese but Normal Weight in Adults Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis

The objective of the present study was to summarize the prevalence and influencing factors of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) among people ≥ 18 years old in the general population worldwide. We searched for studies of the prevalence of MHO and MONW published in English and Chinese up to October 2013. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by a random-effects model according to a Q test. The effects of gender, region, age, sample size, smoking, and alcohol consumption on MHO and MONW were analyzed. Differences between subgroups were assessed by chi-square test. Publication bias was estimated by Egger's test. Studies of MHO and MONW showed heterogeneity (I(2)=99.4% and I(2)=99.7%, respectively). The overall prevalence of MHO and MONW was 7.27% (95% CI 5.92-8.90%) and 19.98% (95% CI 16.54-23.94%), respectively. American populations had the highest MHO prevalence and European populations the highest MONW prevalence. Different patterns of MHO and MONW were observed in the subgroup analysis with respect to gender, age, sample size, smoking, alcohol consumption, and metabolically healthy criteria. The prevalence of both MHO and MONW were affected by gender, region, age, sample size, smoking, alcohol consumption, and metabolically healthy criteria, but studies showed high heterogeneity.

Molecular cloning and activity analysis of a seed-specific FAD2-1B gene promoter from Glycine max

Microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturase (FAD2-1B) is an enzyme that regulates the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in soybeans (Glycine max). In this study, the FAD2-1B gene was determined to be highly expressed in soybean seeds using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). To investigate the expression pattern and activity of the FAD2-1B promoter, a 1929 bp 5'-upstream genomic DNA fragment, named PF, was isolated according to the soybean genomic sequence. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of many motifs related to seed-specific promoters in the PF fragment, such as E-box, SEF4, Skn-1 motif, AACACA, AATAAA and so on. Tobacco transgenics carrying the gus reporter gene driven by the PF and/or 35S promoters were confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR. qRT-PCR and histochemical GUS assays showed that the PF promoter could regulate gus gene accumulation in seeds and the expression level was higher than in other organs. In the meantime, it exhibited similar activity to the 35S promoter in seeds, which could be associated with seed-related cis-elements found in the 1-248 bp, 451-932 bp, and 1627-1803 bp regions of the promoter.

Arid1a inactivation in an Apc- and Pten-defective mouse ovarian cancer model enhances epithelial differentiation and prolongs survival

Inactivation of the ARID1A tumour suppressor gene is frequent in ovarian endometrioid (OEC) and clear cell (OCCC) carcinomas, often in conjunction with mutations activating the PI3K-AKT and/or canonical Wnt signalling pathways. Prior work has shown that conditional bi-allelic inactivation of the Apc and Pten tumour suppressor genes in the mouse ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) promotes outgrowth of tumours that reflect the biological behaviour and gene expression profiles of human OECs harbouring comparable Wnt and PI3K-AKT pathway defects, although the mouse tumours are more poorly differentiated than their human tumour counterparts. We found that conditional inactivation of one or both Arid1a alleles in OSE concurrently with Apc and Pten inactivation unexpectedly prolonged the survival of tumour-bearing mice and promoted striking epithelial differentiation of the cancer cells, resulting in morphological features akin to those in human OECs. Enhanced epithelial differentiation was linked to reduced expression of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin, and increased expression of the epithelial markers Crb3 and E-cadherin. Global gene expression profiling showed enrichment for genes associated with mesenchymal-epithelial transition in the Arid1a-deficient tumours. We also found that an activating (E545K) Pik3ca mutation, unlike Pten inactivation or Pik3ca H1047R mutation, cannot cooperate with Arid1a loss to promote ovarian cancer development in the mouse. Our results indicate that the Arid1a tumour suppressor gene has a key role in regulating OEC differentiation, and paradoxically the mouse cancers with more initiating tumour suppressor gene defects had a less aggressive phenotype than cancers arising from fewer gene alterations. Microarray data have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE67695).

Abstract AS06: Development and characterization of an oviduct-specific model of high-grade serous carcinoma

Recent studies suggest the most common and lethal type of “ovarian” cancer, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), often arises from fallopian tube epithelium rather than the ovarian surface epithelium. Their intraperitoneal location and microscopic size make it very difficult to screen for, or study the biology of early tubal lesions in humans, as most are discovered incidentally in women with hereditary predisposition to ovarian cancer who elect prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy for cancer risk-reduction. Although most cases of pelvic HGSC probably originate in the fallopian tube, roughly one-third lack evidence of tubal origin. These cases may arise from ectopic tubal-type epithelium (endosalpingiosis) present in the ovary, peritoneum, or at other sites. Mouse models that closely mimic the genetics and biology of human HGSCs may be useful for clarifying how tubal and non-tubal pelvic HGSCs develop and progress.

We have developed transgenic (Ovgp1-iCreERT2) mice allowing conditional (tamoxifen [TAM]-inducible) expression of Cre recombinase exclusively in the oviductal epithelium, using a single transgene. Using double transgenic Ovgp1-iCreERT2;R26LSL-eYFP mice in which TAM treatment activates eYFP reporter protein expression in oviductal epithelial cells, we have shown that tubal-type inclusion glands (endosalpingiosis) expressing both eYFP and OVGP1 are present in a subset of murine ovaries following treatment with TAM. The findings suggest that oviductal epithelium can detach from the oviduct and traffic to the ovaries, where it implants through breaks in the OSE and maintains its tubal-type differentiation. Preliminary data also suggest that the frequency of ovarian endosalpingiosis increases over time and by superovulating the mice. The latter finding raises the possibility that at least some of the protective effects of high parity and oral contraceptive use on human ovarian cancer risk is related to reduced likelihood of acquiring endosalpingiosis from which “ovarian” HGSCs may eventually arise.

We have further shown that Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Trp53fl/fl;Brca1fl/fl mice develop oviductal lesions identical to human serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) after TAM treatment and have identified additional genetic alterations that cooperate with Trp53 and Brca1 inactivation in oviductal HGSC pathogenesis in our model system. Murine models of HGSC that recapitulate their human tumor counterparts provide excellent in vivo systems with which to define the cellular and molecular events associated with HGSC development and progression.

Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Rong Wu, Tom C. Hu, Eric R. Fearon, Kathleen R. Cho. Development and characterization of an oviduct-specific model of high-grade serous carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr AS06.