26
|
Kim SY, S Hong Y, K Shim E, Kong SY, Shin A, Baek JY, Jung KH. S-1 plus irinotecan and oxaliplatin for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a prospective phase II study and pharmacogenetic analysis. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1420-7. [PMID: 23963147 PMCID: PMC3776990 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-1 is an oral fluoropyrimidine that mimics infusional 5-fluorouracil. The aim of this phase II trial was to explore the clinical efficacy of the triplet regimen TIROX, which consists of S-1, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. METHODS Forty-two chemo-naive patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) were planned to be enrolled and be treated with irinotecan 150 mg m(-2) followed by oxaliplatin 85 mg m(-2) on day 1 and S-1 80 mg m(-2) per day from day 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. Polymorphisms in the UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A7 and CYP2A6 genes were analysed. RESULTS Between July 2007 and February 2008, 43 patients were enrolled. An objective response was noted in 29 patients (67.4%, 95% confidence interval: 53.4-81.4), of which 2 achieved durable complete responses. The median progression-free survival was 10.0 months and the median overall survival was 19.2 months. Significant grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (45.2%), febrile neutropenia (9.5%), diarrhoea (7.1%) and vomiting (9.5%). Increased gastrointestinal toxicities were associated with the presence of UGT1A6*2 or UGT1A7*3 and an improved tumour response was noted in those without variant alleles of CYP2A6 or UGT1A1*60. CONCLUSION The combination of S-1, irinotecan and oxaliplatin showed favourable efficacy and tolerability in untreated patients with mCRC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Harker BW, Hong YS, Sim C, Dana AN, Bruggner RV, Lobo NF, Kern MK, Sharakhova MV, Collins FH. Transcription profiling associated with life cycle of Anopheles gambiae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 49:316-325. [PMID: 22493849 DOI: 10.1603/me11218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Complex biological events occur during the developmental process of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Giles). Using cDNA expression microarrays, the expression patterns of 13,440 clones representing 8,664 unique transcripts were revealed from six different developmental stages: early larvae (late third instar/early fourth instar), late larvae (late fourth instar), early pupae (< 30 min after pupation), late pupae (after tanning), and adult female and male mosquitoes (24 h postemergence). After microarray analysis, 560 unique transcripts were identified to show at least a fourfold up- or down-regulation in at least one developmental stage. Based on the expression patterns, these gene products were clustered into 13 groups. In total, eight genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to validate microarray results. Among 560 unique transcripts, 446 contigs were assigned to respective genes from the An. gambiae genome. The expression patterns and annotations of the genes in the 13 groups are discussed in the context of development including metabolism, transport, protein synthesis and degradation, cellular processes, cellular communication, intra- or extra-cellular architecture maintenance, response to stress or immune-related defense, and spermatogenesis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim DH, Park SY, Cho HB, Park SK, Kang M, Hong YS, Hong YW. Haemodynamic changes during left anterior descending artery exposure in off-pump coronary artery bypass: comparison between use of moist laparotomy pads and deep pericardial traction sutures for heart displacement. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1211-8. [PMID: 21986123 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemodynamic changes occurring during heart displacement, using moist laparotomy pads placed behind the heart (PAD group, n = 26) or deep pericardial traction sutures (DPS group, n = 25) to facilitate exposure of the left anterior descending artery during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, were compared. Haemodynamic variables were assessed before and 10 min after displacement of the heart. The central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased in both groups. After heart displacement in the PAD group, the cardiac index, stroke volume index, mixed venous oxygen saturation, right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular stroke work index decreased significantly, and the systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly; these parameters remained unchanged in the DPS group. It was concluded that displacement of the heart using moist laparotomy pads caused significant haemodynamic derangement compared with that caused by deep pericardial traction sutures.
Collapse
|
29
|
Choi MJ, Kim Y, Hong YS, Shim SS, Lim SM, Lee JK. Transthoracic needle biopsy using a C-arm cone-beam CT system: diagnostic accuracy and safety. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e182-7. [PMID: 21791505 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/95413532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of performing transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) under combined fluoroscopy and CT guidance using a C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) system. METHODS We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and safety of performing TNB using a C-arm CBCT system. We retrospectively evaluated 99 TNB cases performed in 98 patients using a C-arm CBCT system with an 18-gauge automated cutting needle. We reviewed the diagnostic accuracy according to the size and depth of the lesion, incidence of complications, additional treatment for complications, procedure time, number of needle passes per biopsy and radiation dose. RESULTS The final diagnoses revealed 72 malignant and 27 benign lesions. The overall malignancy sensitivity, malignancy specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 95.8%, 100% and 97.0%, respectively, and those for small pulmonary nodules <20 mm in size were 94.1%, 100% and 96.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the correct diagnosis of malignancy according to lesion size (p = 0.634) or depth (p = 0.542). For benign lesions, a specific diagnosis was obtained in 14 cases (51.9%). TNB induced complications in 19 out of 99 procedures (19.2%), including pneumothorax (16.2%), immediate haemoptysis (2.0%) and subcutaneous emphysema (1.0%). Among these, four patients with pneumothorax required chest tube insertion (2.0%) or pig-tail catheter drainage (2.0%). The mean procedure time, number of needle passes and radiation doses were 11.9 ± 4.0 min, 1.2 ± 0.5 times and 170.0 ± 67.2 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION TNB using a C-arm CBCT system provides high diagnostic accuracy with a low complication rate and a short procedure time, particularly for small pulmonary nodules.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yim HE, Kim JH, Yoo KH, Bae IS, Jang GY, Hong YS, Lee JW. Spironolactone, but not enalapril, potentiates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and Ets-1 expression in newborn rat kidney. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010; 61:73-81. [PMID: 20228418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is regarded as an important physiological factor that controls nephrogenesis. We investigated whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) affects hypoxia-related target genes in developing kidneys. Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) or spironolactone (200 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. Tissue hypoxia was assessed by the uptake of a hypoxyprobe-1, pimonidazole (200 mg/kg), and the expression of hypoxia-responsive genes. In the enalapril group, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, and Ets-1 protein expression were not changed, compared to the control group. In the spironolactone group, HIF-1alpha and Ets-1 protein expression were significantly increased by immunoblots and immunohistochemistry, whereas HIF-2alpha protein expression was not changed, compared to the control group. In the enalapril group, the immunoactivity of pimonidazole was not significantly different from that of the controls. However, in the spironolactone group, pimonidazole staining demonstrated that the cortex and medulla underwent severe hypoxia. In summary, our data showed that aldosterone inhibition in the developing kidney augmented the hypoxic responses, and up-regulated the expression of key mediators of hypoxia including HIF-1alpha and Ets-1. Angiotensin II inhibition did not affect hypoxia-related alterations in the developing kidney. The components of RAAS may differentially modulate renal hypoxia and its related target genes in the developing rat kidney.
Collapse
|
31
|
Han JJ, Yim HE, Lee JH, Kim YK, Jang GY, Choi BM, Yoo KH, Hong YS. Albumin versus normal saline for dehydrated term infants with metabolic acidosis due to acute diarrhea. J Perinatol 2009; 29:444-7. [PMID: 19158801 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To compare the efficacy of albumin to normal saline (NS) for initial hydration therapy for dehydrated term infants with severe metabolic acidosis due to acute diarrhea. STUDY DESIGN We randomized 33 infants presenting with moderate-to-severe dehydration and metabolic acidosis (pH <7.25 or base excess (BE) <-15) into two groups, an albumin group (n=15) and a NS group (n=18). For initial hydration treatment, the albumin group received 5% albumin (10 ml kg(-1)), whereas the NS group received NS (10 ml kg(-1)). RESULT After 3 h of treatment, both groups improved. However, the magnitude of improvement in the pH, BE and HCO(3)(-) levels were not different in comparisons between these two groups. In addition, there were no differences either in the body weight and weight gain 4 days after treatment or in the length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION Albumin was not more effective than NS for initial hydration treatment of dehydrated term infants with metabolic acidosis due to acute diarrhea.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kwon YC, Shin DW, Lee JH, Heo DS, Hong YS, Kim SY, Yun YH. Impact of perception of socioeconomic burden on advocacy for patient autonomy in end-of-life decision making: a study of societal attitudes. Palliat Med 2009; 23:87-94. [PMID: 18996980 DOI: 10.1177/0269216308099244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of perception of socioeconomic burden on beliefs regarding a patient's autonomy in end-of-life (EOL) decision making. We also sought to identify the characteristics of individuals who advocate patient autonomy and their attitudes toward other EOL issues. A total of 1055 individuals from the Korean general population were interviewed through a telephone survey using a structured questionnaire that was designed to investigate public attitudes toward various EOL issues. Of 1019 individuals included in the analysis, 635 (62.3%) specified the patient and 221 (21.7%) the family, when asked who is the appropriate decision maker in terms of EOL decisions in the absence of perception of socioeconomic burden. In contrast, the numbers were 458 (44.9%) and 500 (49.1%), respectively, if substantial burden was assumed. Respondents who favoured the patient's right to make decisions regardless of perception of socioeconomic burden numbered only 312 (30.6%) and were likely to be younger and have knowledge of hospice than who favoured family decision. Former group also favoured the disclosure of terminal illness to patients, withholding life-sustaining treatment, and preparation of advanced directives. Societal attitudes toward patient autonomy were significantly influenced by perception of socioeconomic burden. Open and balanced discussion about burden to family and adequate welfare support are thus suggested.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong YS, Zhou H, Zytner RG. Combining ultrafiltration process with coagulation pretreatment for pulp mill wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2007; 28:995-1006. [PMID: 17910252 DOI: 10.1080/09593332808618860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration combined with coagulation pretreatment was used to treat two kraft pulp mill wastewaters from first-stage caustic extraction and alkaline bleaching operations, respectively. Both alum and ferric chloride were tested using standard jar apparatus at different dose, pH and ionic strength conditions. Ultrafiltration tests were conducted using a crossflow flat-sheet membrane apparatus operated in the constant transmembrane pressure mode to examine the effects of membrane material, crossflow velocity and transmembrane pressure in terms of permeate flux and treated effluent quality. The results showed that coagulation with both alum and ferric chloride greatly reduced the permeate flux decline rates. In comparison with alum, greater permeate fluxes were obtained with the use of ferric chloride. Among the process parameters examined, coagulant dose was identified as the most important factor affecting the permeate flux. In addition, colour and COD removals were achieved largely by coagulation for alkaline bleaching wastewater while by membrane filtration for caustic extraction wastewater, highlighting the different mechanisms underlying contaminant removal.
Collapse
|
34
|
Coen M, Hong YS, Clayton TA, Rohde CM, Pearce JT, Reily MD, Robertson DG, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. The mechanism of galactosamine toxicity revisited; a metabonomic study. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:2711-9. [PMID: 17580851 DOI: 10.1021/pr070164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the metabolic effects of the hepatotoxin galactosamine (galN) and the mechanism by which glycine protects against such toxicity. Rats were acclimatized to a 0 or 5% glycine diet for 6 days and subsequently administered vehicle, galN (500 mg/kg), glycine (5% via the diet), or both galN and glycine. Urine was collected over 12 days prior to administration of galN and for 24 hours thereafter. Serum and liver tissue were sampled on termination, 24 hours post-dosing. The metabolic profiles of biofluids and tissues were determined using high-field 1H NMR spectroscopy. Orthogonal-projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (O-PLS-DA) was applied to model the spectral data and enabled the hepatic, urinary, and serum metabolites that discriminated between control and treated animals to be determined. Histopathological data and clinical chemistry measurements confirmed the protective effect of glycine. The level of N-acetylglucosamine (glcNAc) in the post-dose urine was found to correlate strongly with the degree of galN-induced liver damage, and the urinary level of glcNAc was not significantly elevated in rats treated with both galN and glycine. Treatment with glycine alone was found to significantly increase hepatic levels of uridine, UDP-glucose, and UDP-galactose, and in view of the known effects of galactosamine, this suggests that the protective role of glycine against galN toxicity might be mediated by changes in the uridine nucleotide pool rather than by preventing Kupffer cell activation. Thus, we present a novel hypothesis: that administration of glycine increases the hepatic uridine nucleotide pool which counteracts the galN-induced depletion of these pools and facilitates complete metabolism of galN. These novel data highlight the applicability of NMR-based metabonomics in elucidating multicompartmental metabolic consequences of toxicity and toxic salvage.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hong YS, Lee HR, Park S, Lee SC, Hwang IG, Park BB, Lee J, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Lim HY, Park K. Three-week schedule of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1648-52. [PMID: 17133266 PMCID: PMC2360764 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan and cisplatin demonstrated promising outcomes in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. According to the dosage and schedule of irinotecan, efficacy and toxicity profiles showed subtle differences. This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of 3-week schedule of irinotecan/cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. The primary objective was to evaluate response rate and secondary objectives were overall survival and progression-free survival. Patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer were enrolled. Irinotecan 65 mg m-2 was administered on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 60 mg m-2 on day 1. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Seven out of 54 patients (13.0%) had complete response, and partial response was observed in 33 (61.1%). The overall response rate was 74.1% (95% CI; 62.0-82.2%). Stable disease was observed in eight (14.8%) and no progressive disease was observed. After a median follow-up duration of 28.7 months, the median overall survival and progressive-free survival were 13.6 and 6.5 months, respectively. Major grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (50.0%), anorexia (42.6%), diarrhoea (29.6%), fatigue (29.6%) and vomiting (13.0%). There was one treatment-related death owing to pneumonia. Three-week schedule of irinotecan/cisplatin showed effective antitumour activity and moderate toxicities in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Choi SH, Lee SW, Hong YS, Kim SJ, Moon SW, Moon JD. Diagnostic radiopacity and hepatotoxicity following chloroform ingestion: a case report. Emerg Med J 2006; 23:394-5. [PMID: 16627845 PMCID: PMC2564093 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic imaging can help in the management of toxicologic emergencies. The authors report on a patient who presented to the emergency department with coma and suppressed respirations after ingestion of an unknown substance. METHODS Ingestion of chloroform with radiopaque material in the bowel on abdominal radiograph was documented. The patient was treated with haemoperfusion, activated charcoal, and laxatives to decrease the toxicities. RESULTS Hepatotoxicity occurred on post-ingestion day 3 and elevation of liver enzymes reached peak levels on post-ingestion day 5. The patient received N-acetylsystein and supportive care during hospitalisation. The patient improved from hepatic dysfunction and was discharged without complication on post-ingestion day 11. CONCLUSION Radiographic studies in toxicology may confirm a diagnosis and assist in therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
37
|
Choi SH, Lee SW, Hong YS, Jeun JM, Min BW. Selective inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophils by resuscitative concentration of hypertonic saline. Emerg Med J 2006; 23:119-22. [PMID: 16439740 PMCID: PMC2564033 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2004.020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of hypertonic saline on the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the inflammatory response and the effect of hypertonic saline infused at different phases in relation to an inflammatory stimulus. MATERIALS AND METHODS PMNs were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers (Boyum's method) and cultured in three different media ([Na+] = 140 mmol/l, 180 mmol/l, and 200 mmol/l). PMNs were then stimulated with fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) and H2O2 synthesis was quantified by flow cytometry at 5, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. PMNs were treated with hypertonic saline before, simultaneously with, and after fMLP stimulation, and H2O2 synthesis quantified again. RESULTS H2O2 synthesis was two or three times higher in fMLP stimulated than in non-stimulated PMNs, and it reached maximum level at 120 minutes. In the absence of fMLP stimulation, there was no significant difference between control and hypertonic saline with regard to activity of H2O2 synthesis. In the presence of fMLP stimulation, H2O2 synthesis significantly decreased in PMNs treated with hypertonic saline. There was no significant difference between the two hypertonic saline solutions ([Na+] = 180 mmol/l and 200 mmol/l) with regard to H2O2 synthesis. However, H2O2 synthesis decreased in PMNs treated with hypertonic saline before and simultaneously with fMLP stimulation, but was not significantly decreased in the cells treated with hypertonic saline after fMLP stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic saline appears to decrease H2O2 in stimulated neutrophils. This may be a further beneficial role of hypertonic saline when used clinically as an early resuscitation fluid.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sim C, Hong YS, Vanlandingham DL, Harker BW, Christophides GK, Kafatos FC, Higgs S, Collins FH. Modulation of Anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o'nyong-nyong virus infection. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 14:475-81. [PMID: 16164603 PMCID: PMC3840949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To determine if gene expression of An. gambiae is modulated in response to o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) infection, we utilized cDNA microarrays including about 20 000 cDNAs. Gene expression levels of ONNV-infected female mosquitoes were compared to that of the uninfected control females harvested at 14 days postinfection. In response to ONNV infection, expression levels of 18 genes were significantly modulated, being at least two-fold up- or down-regulated. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) further substantiated the differential expression of six of these genes in response to ONNV infection. These genes have similarity to a putative heat shock protein 70, DAN4, agglutinin attachment subunit, elongation factor 1 alpha and ribosomal protein L35. One gene, with sequence similarity to mitochondrial ribosomal protein L7, was down-regulated in infected mosquitoes. The expression levels and annotation of the differentially expressed genes are discussed in the context of host/virus interaction including host translation/replication factors, and intracellular transport pathways.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yun YH, Park SM, Lee K, Chang YJ, Heo DS, Kim SY, Hong YS, Huh BY. Predictors of prescription of morphine for severe cancer pain by physicians in Korea. Ann Oncol 2005; 16:966-71. [PMID: 15857848 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdi180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to identify predictors of the prescription of strong opioids, which are important for the management of severe cancer pain, by Korean physicians. METHODS A questionnaire based on a hypothetical case designed to assess the prescription of morphine by physicians was administered to 800 specialists in the Korea Cancer Association, of whom 147 (18.4%) responded, and to 2200 specialists in the Korean Academy of Family Medicine, of whom 388 (17.6%) responded. We used a multidimensional approach to identify the predictors of prescription of morphine by physicians. RESULTS In the hypothetical case scenario, only 16.5% of the respondents stated that they would prescribe morphine for severe cancer pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that physicians with a positive attitude regarding opioid addiction [odds ratio (OR) 2.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-4.46], experience of pain assessment (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.13-3.87), recent residency training (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.30-4.0) and positive self-evaluation as an oncology specialist (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.41-4.78) were more likely to prescribe morphine. None of the 13 variables in the knowledge dimension significantly predicted prescription of morphine for severe cancer pain. CONCLUSIONS The results of the survey suggest that we need to develop strategies to develop a positive attitude toward opioids, to increase experience in pain assessment and to improve cancer pain management training among Korean physicians.
Collapse
|
40
|
Roh MS, Lee JI, Choi PJ, Hong YS. Relationship between micropapillary component and micrometastasis in the regional lymph nodes of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2005; 45:580-6. [PMID: 15569048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether a micropapillary component is a prognostic predictor, with particular reference to nodal micrometastasis, in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-five cases with stage I lung adenocarcinomas, obtained from lobectomies or pneumonectomies, and 434 dissected hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes, were retrospectively reviewed. A micropapillary component and nodal micrometastasis were found in 16 (45.7%) and 14 (40%) of the 35 cases, respectively, with nodal micrometastasis in 24 (5.5%) of the 434 lymph nodes, in an immunohistochemical study using an anti-cytokeratin antibody. Ten (62.5%) of the 16 cases with a micropapillary component, and four (21.1%) of the remaining 19 cases, showed nodal micrometastases (P = 0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the cases with and without a micropapillary component (P = 0.28). However, the 5 years' survival of the cases with and without nodal micrometastases were 71.4% and 35.7%, respectively (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS A micropapillary component may be a manifestation of aggressive behaviour, as shown by frequent micrometastasis, for stage I lung adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hong YS, Song SY, Lee SI, Chung HC, Choi SH, Noh SH, Park JN, Han JY, Kang JH, Lee KS, Cho JY. A phase II trial of capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2005; 15:1344-7. [PMID: 15319239 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdh343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a novel, oral, selectively tumor-activated fluoropyrimidine with proven activity in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of capecitabine in previously untreated patients with advanced and/or metastatic gastric cancer, with a view to replacing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in such patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients received capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 twice daily (2500 mg/m2/day) for 14 days followed by 7 days of rest, for up to six cycles. RESULTS Capecitabine produced an objective response rate of 34% (all partial responses) and stable disease in 14 patients (30%). The median time to disease progression (TTP) was 3.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-6.4 months] and median overall survival was 9.5 months (95% CI 6.9-13.2 months). Hand-foot syndrome (HFS), nausea, anorexia, diarrhea and vomiting were the most common adverse events. While HFS was the most frequent grade 3/4 toxicity (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria), only 9% of patients experienced grade 3 HFS. Severe myelosuppression was not reported during the study. CONCLUSIONS Capecitabine monotherapy is active and well tolerated as first-line therapy in patients with advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Larger comparative trials investigating capecitabine-based combination regimens in patients with advanced gastric cancer are warranted.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sarkar A, Sim C, Hong YS, Hogan JR, Fraser MJ, Robertson HM, Collins FH. Molecular evolutionary analysis of the widespread piggyBac transposon family and related "domesticated" sequences. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 270:173-80. [PMID: 12955498 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
piggyBac is a short inverted-repeat-type DNA transposable element originally isolated from the genome of the moth Trichoplusia ni. It is currently the gene vector of choice for the transformation of various insect species. A few sequences with similarity to piggyBac have previously been identified from organisms such as humans ( Looper), the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes ( Pigibaku), Xenopus ( Tx), Daphnia ( Pokey), and the Oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. We have now identified 50 piggyBac-like sequences from publicly available genome sequences and expressed sequence tags (ESTs). This survey allows the first comparative examination of the distinctive piggyBac transposase, suggesting that it might contain a highly divergent DDD domain, comparable to the widespread DDE domain found in many DNA transposases and retroviral integrases which consists of two absolutely conserved aspartic acids separated by about 70 amino acids with a highly conserved glutamic acid about 35 amino acids further away. Many piggyBac-like sequences were found in the genomes of a phylogenetically diverse range of organisms including fungi, plants, insects, crustaceans, urochordates, amphibians, fishes and mammals. Also, several instances of "domestication" of the piggyBac transposase sequence by the host genome for cellular functions were identified. Novel members of the piggyBac family may be useful in genetic engineering of many organisms.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee MA, Hong YS, Lee KS. A case of Addison's disease as presenting feature in recurrent metastatic bladder cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2003; 15:298-9. [PMID: 12924464 DOI: 10.1016/s0936-6555(03)00098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
44
|
Hong YS, Hogan JR, Wang X, Sarkar A, Sim C, Loftus BJ, Ren C, Huff ER, Carlile JL, Black K, Zhang HB, Gardner MJ, Collins FH. Construction of a BAC library and generation of BAC end sequence-tagged connectors for genome sequencing of the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 268:720-8. [PMID: 12655398 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2002] [Accepted: 01/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) genomic DNA library of Anopheles gambiae, the major human malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, was constructed and characterized. This library (ND-TAM) is composed of 30,720 BAC clones in eighty 384-well plates. The estimated average insert size of the library is 133 kb, with an overall genome coverage of approximately 14-fold. The ends of approximately two-thirds of the clones in the library were sequenced, yielding 32,340 pair-mate ends. A statistical analysis (G-test) of the results of PCR screening of the library indicated a random distribution of BACs in the genome, although one gap encompassing the white locus on the X-chromosome was identified. Furthermore, combined with another previously constructed BAC library (ND-1), ~2,000 BACs have been physically mapped by polytene chromosomal in situ hybridization. These BAC end pair mates and physically mapped BACs have been useful for both the assembly of a fully sequenced A. gambiae genome and for linking the assembled sequence to the three polytene chromosomes. This ND-TAM library is now publicly available at both http://www.malaria.mr4.org/mr4pages/index.html/ and http://hbz.tamu.edu/, providing a valuable resource to the mosquito research community.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hong YS, Korman SH, Lee J, Ghoshal P, Wu Q, Barash V, Kang S, Oh S, Kwon M, Gutman A, Rachmel A, Patel MS. Identification of a common mutation (Gly194Cys) in both Arab Moslem and Ashkenazi Jewish patients with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency: possible beneficial effect of vitamin therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26:816-8. [PMID: 14765544 DOI: 10.1023/b:boli.0000010004.12053.5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency with a clinical phenotype and genotype (Gly194Cys homozygous) previously identified only in Ashkenazi Jewish patients, was diagnosed in two Palestinian Arab siblings and two unrelated Ashkenazi Jewish patients. While three of the four patients died in childhood without specific treatment, the surviving patient at age 18 years may have benefited from long-term daily supplementation with a cocktail of riboflavin, biotin, coenzyme Q and carnitine.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sen L, Hong YS, Luo H, Cui G, Laks H. Efficiency, efficacy, and adverse effects of adenovirus vs. liposome-mediated gene therapy in cardiac allografts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 281:H1433-41. [PMID: 11514316 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.h1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Virus- and nonvirus-mediated immunosuppressive cytokine gene therapy prolongs cardiac allograft survival in various nonfunctional heart transplant animal models, but its cardiac adverse effects have not been addressed. Recently, we developed a functional heterotopic heart transplant model in rabbits. For the first time, we were able to systematically compare the efficiency, efficacy, and adverse effects of optimized adenovirus- and liposome-mediated ex vivo interleukin (IL)-10 gene transfer in functional donor hearts. The efficiency of liposome-mediated gene transfer was greatly improved in physiologically functioning donor hearts and was only three- to fourfold lower than adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. The efficacy of liposome-mediated IL-10 gene transfer was much higher than that mediated by adenovirus. Significant negative inotropic and arrhythmogenic adverse effects on transplanted hearts were observed due to viral cytotoxicity and immunogenesis, which greatly abated the therapeutic efficacy of this first generation adenovirus-mediated gene therapy.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pyo CW, Choi HB, Han H, Hong YS, Kim TG. Identification of HLA-A*11 variant (A*1107) in the Korean population. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2001; 58:190-2. [PMID: 11703829 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report here a new HLA-A*11 allele, A*1107, identified by sequencing based typing in the Korean population. The full-length sequencing of A*1107 was conducted on cDNA. HLA-A*1107 differs from HLA-A*1101 by a single nucleotide at position 399 of codon 109 in exon3 (TTC-->TTA), leading to an amino acid change from phenylalanine to leucine. But the serological profile of HLA-A*1107 did not exhibit the altered HLA-A11.
Collapse
|
48
|
Min DJ, Cho ML, Cho CS, Min SY, Kim WU, Yang SY, Min JK, Hong YS, Lee SH, Park SH, Kim HY. Decreased production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma is associated with renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2001; 30:159-63. [PMID: 11469526 DOI: 10.1080/030097401300162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the type 1/type 2 cytokine balance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) according to the presence of renal disorder and activity status. METHODS We measured the serum levels of type 1 (IFN-gamma, IL-12) and type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) as well as spontaneous and stimulated cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in 40 patients with SLE. RESULTS Patients with lupus nephritis (LN) showed significantly lower levels of serum IL-12 and IFN-gamma than those without LN. Production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma by stimulated PBMC were also decreased in patients with LN. The circulating IL-12 correlated positively with IFN-gamma, but inversely with IL-10. The SLEDAI scores correlated well with the ratio of IL-4/IFN-gamma levels. CONCLUSION The reduced production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and the resultant shift towards the type 2 cytokine phenotype may be associated with LN.
Collapse
|
49
|
Hwang BY, Lee JH, Koo TH, Kim HS, Hong YS, Ro JS, Lee KS, Lee JJ. Kaurane diterpenes from Isodon japonicus inhibit nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production and NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2001; 67:406-410. [PMID: 11488452 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A methanolic extract of the whole plant of Isodon japonicus (Labiatae) showed potent inhibition on the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells. Four known kaurane diterpenes were isolated by activity-guided fractionation and their structures were identified as kamebanin (1), kamebacetal A (2), kamebakaurin (3), excisanin A (4). All compounds also inhibited the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation as assessed by NF-kappaB reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Compounds 2-4 showed comparable inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2, and activation of NF-kappaB without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that kaurane diterpenes could exert their inhibitory effects on the production of NO and PGE2 through the suppression of NF-kappaB activation, and be partially responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities of the genus Isodon.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee JH, Park YJ, Kim HS, Hong YS, Kim KW, Lee JJ. Anti-angiogenic activities of novel isocoumarins, AGI-7 and sescandelin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2001; 54:463-6. [PMID: 11480892 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.54.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|