51
|
Han GB, Lee JG, Lee BH, Lee YW. Development of soil-covered SBR process for small scale sewage treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2006; 27:715-22. [PMID: 16894815 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, mainly from the households in residential areas are responsible for eutrophication occurring in lakes or estuaries. In Korea, there is a growing trend for villages in the countryside, rest areas of express ways, military unit bases, etc. to use small scale sewage treatment plants (SSTPs). However, the technological developments have mainly focused on medium or large scale sewage treatment plants, leaving a gap in the development of technologies for SSTPs without a residing operator. In this study, a soil-covered sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process for SSTPs in combination with a natural purification technology is developed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus as well as organic contamination (BOD), and the results are as follows: (1) the removal rates of BOD, total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorus (T-P) and suspended solids (SS) are 93%, 74%, 80% and 95%, respectively, (2) the soil-covered SBR process without the decanter used for effluent discharge is similar to other SBR processes in suspended solids removal rate, and (3) the performance of the field pilot plant was monitored by remote sensing system in real time, and the results show that this system can be applied to SSTPs with no residing operators.
Collapse
|
52
|
Lee YW, Chung J, Jeong YD, Shim H, Kim MH. Backwash based methodology for the estimation of solids retention time in biological aerated filter. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2006; 27:777-87. [PMID: 16894822 DOI: 10.1080/09593332708618692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of solids retention time (SRT) was used for describing the growth of biofilm in a biological aerated filter (BAF) system. The SRT profile was obtained from the change in solids accumulation, estimated from the head loss profile data before and after backwash using the Carmen-Kozeny equation. The SRT profile along the filter bed depth showed the SRT of about 2 days for the lower layer and about 6 days for the upper layer. The overall SRT was determined by the direct estimation of excess solids mass during backwash and of solids retained in the filter bed. The ideal characteristic SRT distribution was maintained by regular backwash, for organic removal and nitrification. The SRT for high organic removal and nitrification is demonstrated by the SRT distribution along the filter bed in this BAF process.
Collapse
|
53
|
Lee YW, Zairi J. Field evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against Aedes mosquitoes. Trop Biomed 2006; 23:37-44. [PMID: 17041550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out on the residual efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 (water dispersible granule, VectoBac ABG 6511) as direct application in the control of Aedes larvae in the field. Field Aedes sp populations in the earthen and glass jars were predetermined before initiation of the trial. On confirmation of the presence of Aedes species in the designated area, Sungai Nibong Kecil, Penang Island, Malaysia, Bti was introduced in the 55L earthen and 3L glass jars). Two test designs were carried out. The first design had treated water replenished daily with 6L of seasoned water and the second design is without the replenishment of water but evaporated water was replenished. Bti was effective in the field for at least 35 days with more than 80% reduction in the Aedes larvae in the treated containers. For earthen jars with daily replenishment of water, 100% reduction was recorded for the first 3 days, while more than 80% reduction was recorded up to day 40. At day 60, Bti still provided an efficacy of 54.32 +/- 4.61 (%) of reduction. Whilst for earthen jars without daily replenishment of water, 100% reduction was recorded for the first 5 days, while more than 80% of reduction was recorded up to day 40. For the glass jars studied, similar efficacy was observed. In jars with daily replenishment of water a better larval control was observed. Percentage of reduction from day 50 to 60 for replenishment of water was between 50 to 70% compared to without replenishment of water with less than 40%.
Collapse
|
54
|
Yang HS, Song JB, Lee IW, Lee YW. Testing of steep convex aspheric surface with a Hartmann sensor by using a CGH. OPTICS EXPRESS 2006; 14:3247-3254. [PMID: 19516466 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most aspheric surfaces have been tested by interferometer with some null correctors. This approach, however, often fails when there are many aspherical terms or test surface is very steep because it is not easy to design the conventional null lens or CGH (Computer Generated Hologram). On the other hand, 3-D profilometer can measure aspheric surfaces without any null correctors; however, it takes some time to measure, which makes it unsuitable for the production line in the factory. In this paper, we apply the Hartmann test to the measurement of steep convex aspheric surfaces of which diameter is about 16 mm. In order to increase the measurement accuracy, we calibrated the test setup using a CGH that simulates the ideal test surface. We demonstrated that the significant amount of error in the test setup could be removed by this calibration process. The test results showed only 2 nm rms WFE (wave front error) difference even though the WFE of test setup was worsened by more than 0.13 mum rms. Since this method makes it possible to measure highly aspheric surface quickly and accurately, it can be used in the production line.
Collapse
|
55
|
Lee YW, Zairi J. Susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis H-14. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2006; 22:97-101. [PMID: 16646329 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2006)22[97:solafa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) at different storage ages were studied. The susceptibility of laboratory-cultured World Health Organization (WHO) Bora Bora reference, Vector Control Research Unit (VCRU), and Fumakilla Malaysia Berhad (FMB) strains of Ae. aegypti to Bti was examined. The sensitivity to Bti decreased with storage age. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for Bti increased by 2-3 times after 2 years compared to a fresh sample (3-6 months of storage). However, after the 2-year storage period, Bti still provided very good efficacy against all laboratory-cultured susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The observed 95% lethal concentration values were about 20 times lower than the recommended concentration (6,000 international toxic units (ITU)/liter). Results obtained from the study against the dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus confirmed the effectiveness of the Bti after storage for 2 years (18-24 months). For Ae. aegypti, the Ujung Batu strain was the most susceptible to Bti, whereas the Sungai Nibong strain showed the most tolerance. Susceptibility of laboratory-cultured strains varied; the Air Itam strain of Ae. albopictus was the most susceptible to Bti, whereas the Kampung Serani strain was the most tolerant among the field strains. However, the laboratory strain of Ae. albopictus was more susceptible than all the field strains.
Collapse
|
56
|
Lee YW, Hirani AA, Kyprianou N, Toborek M. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein up-regulates interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression in human breast cancer cells. Inflamm Res 2005; 54:380-9. [PMID: 16273337 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-1371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether HIV-1 Tat protein increases the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells through induction of pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. METHODS Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA were employed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in highly metastatic human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. To investigate the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of Tat-mediated up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8, EMSA and reporter gene assay were carried out. RESULTS Exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to Tat resulted in a significant and dose-dependent up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein expression. HIV-1 Tat protein also markedly increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and transactivation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, pretreatment with NF-kappaB inhibitors significantly attenuated the ability of Tat to up-regulate IL-6 and IL-8 expression. It was also found that exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to Tat induced up-regulation of MMP-9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HIV-1 Tat protein up-regulates expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in human breast cancer cells by NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. These data may contribute to exploration of the new molecular mechanisms leading to novel approaches for the therapeutic drug developments specifically targeted against the inflammatory pathways of breast cancer metastasis in AIDS patients.
Collapse
|
57
|
|
58
|
Lee JS, Nam SB, Chang CH, Han DW, Lee YW, Shin CS. Relationship between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide pressures during anesthesia using a laryngeal tube. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:759-62. [PMID: 15954955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Laryngeal Tube (LT), (VBM Medizintechnik, Sulz, Germany) is a relatively new supraglottic device for controlling the airway. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) can be estimated by monitoring the end-tidal tension of carbon dioxide (PETCO(2)). The relationship between PETCO(2) and PaCO(2) during controlled ventilation via the LT has not been reported. METHODS During general anesthesia, 45 patients were mechanically ventilated using an LT. PETCO(2) and PaCO(2) were measured once PETCO(2) had reached a steady state. The LT was then removed and the trachea intubated using an endotracheal tube (ETT), and the identical ventilatory variables were resumed. Following stabilization, PETCO(2) was again determined and PaCO(2) estimated. RESULTS The mean PETCO(2) and PaCO(2) values were 4.43 +/- 0.26 kPa and 4.67 +/- 0.32 kPa, respectively, during LT ventilation, and 4.36 +/- 0.23 kPa and 4.61 +/- 0.26 kPa, respectively, during ETT ventilation. Analysis of differences between the PETCO(2) and PaCO(2) values using the Bland and Altman method revealed a bias +/- precision of 0.24 +/- 0.15 kPa for LT and 0.27 +/- 0.15 kPa for ETT. The root mean square error was 0.28 for the LT and 0.30 for the ETT. CONCLUSION This study suggests that for healthy adult patients mechanically ventilated via the LT, the PETCO(2) value reflects the PaCO(2) value as closely as when patients are ETT ventilated, allowing capnometry to be used to evaluate the adequacy of ventilation.
Collapse
|
59
|
Lee YW, Zairi J. Laboratory evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 against Aedes aegypti. Trop Biomed 2005; 22:5-10. [PMID: 16880748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory efficacy and residual activity of a water dispersible granule formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) at the dosages of 3000, 6000 and 15000 ITU/L were conducted in this study. The study was conducted in two different size containers, earthen jar (45 L) and glass jar (3 L) with or without daily replenishment of 6 L and 0.3 L of water in the earthen and glass jars, respectively. Results indicate that for both earthen jar and glass jar evaluations, Bti at the tested dosages, performed effectively against Aedes aegypti, giving a minimum of 42 days effective killing activity. When the dosage was increased from 3000 ITU/L to 6000 ITU/L or 15000 ITU/L, the effective periods of the Bti increased by an additional one to three weeks. The Bti water dispersible granule provided better larvicidal activity with replenishment of water compared with non-replenishment of water especially for the higher dosage (15000 ITU/L).
Collapse
|
60
|
Yang HS, Lee YW, Song JB, Lee IW. Null Hartmann test for the fabrication process of large aspheric surfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2005; 13:1839-1847. [PMID: 19495064 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most aspheric mirrors have been tested by the null lens or computer-generated hologram method. This approach, however, requires that the shape of the surface be similar to the target shape; otherwise testing may not be possible or correct. The Hartmann test has an advantage in that it has a larger dynamic range than a general interferometer, which means that the surface can be tested beginning at an early stage of the polishing process. We suggest use of the null Hartmann test in conjunction with a phase-shifting interferometer for the measurement of a 0.9-m aspheric concave mirror. This setup was able to measure the surface with a large surface form error as well as with a small error without sacrificing any measurement accuracy. Using this setup, we have successfully polished a surface to remove approximately 1 microm of peak-to-valley wave-front error of a total of 39 microm of error during 1 month of polishing.
Collapse
|
61
|
Yun KA, Lee W, Min WK, Chun S, Lee YW, Kim SB, Park JS, Yang WS, Park H, Hwang SH. Discrepancy of interleukin-6 levels between end-stage renal disease patients and patients with acute-phase response with increased lipoprotein(a) concentrations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2005; 64:223-8. [PMID: 15222632 DOI: 10.1080/00365510410005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Though the concentration of serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is mostly determined by genetic factors, secondary factors such as acute-phase response (APR) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) also contribute to its increase. Lp(a) is known to be one of the acute-phase reactants and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the key cytokine in the hepatic synthesis of acute-phase proteins. The serum concentrations of Lp(a) and IL-6 were measured in patients with APR and in patients with ESRD to investigate the relationship between Lp(a) and IL-6. A total of 180 patients were selected for the study: 60 patients were normal controls, 60 were patients with renal disease who had been on hemodialysis for more than 6 months [C-reactive protein (CRP)<4.0 mg/L], and 60 were APR patients who had a erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of over 50 mm/h. The three groups were age- and sex matched. The serum concentrations of Lp(a) and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. The serum concentrations of Lp(a) [median (interquartile range)] in normal controls, ESRD patients, and APR patients were 0.222 (0.103-0.364) g/L, 0.511 (0.308-0.755) g/L, and 0.546 (0.234-0.747) g/L, respectively; those of IL-6 were 1.0 (0.7-1.3) pg/mL, 2.1 (1.4-3.3) pg/mL, and 26.2 (15.2-35.6) pg/mL. The concentration of IL-6, which increases Lp(a) synthesis, was much lower in ESRD patients than in APR patients (p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in Lp(a) concentration between the two groups (p=0.88). In APR patients, the increase in Lp(a) synthesis seems to play a significant role in the increase in blood Lp(a), but there might be different mechanisms that regulate the increment of serum Lp(a) concentrations in ESRD patients other than synthesis of Lp(a).
Collapse
|
62
|
Lee YW, Zairi J, Yap HH, Adanan CR. Integration of Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 formulations and pyriproxyfen for the control of larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2005; 21:84-89. [PMID: 15825767 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2005)21[84:iobthf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies were carried out on the bioefficacy and residual activity of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis H-14 (Bti) (water-dispersible granules of VectoBac ABG 6511 and liquid formulations of VectoBac 12AS) and pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator, Sumilarv 0.5%) as direct applications for control of larvae of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Two dosages of each Bti formulation (285 and 570 international toxic units [ITU]/liter) and the integration of both Bti formulations and pyriproxyfen were used for residual tests with 45-liter earthen jars for a period of 4 wk. In 1 test series, the treated water was replenished daily with 6 liters of seasoned untreated water. In the 2nd test series, the water in the jars was topped up to the 40-liter level during evaluation. Neither Bti formulation remained effective for a full week. Water-dispersible Bti granules provided effective initial control activity against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for both test designs (with replenishment and without replenishment of water). The higher dosage (570 ITU/liter) for both Bti formulations was only partially effective at the end of 1 wk after being diluted. After 1 wk, water-dispersible Bti granules provided greater larval mortality than did liquid Bti formulation against both mosquito species when integrated with pyriproxyfen. Pyriproxyfen (79.5 and 159 mg/liter) on its own showed low larvicidal activity but provided very effective control of adult emergence. In this study, integration of Bti (285 and 570 ITU/liter) with pyriproxyfen (79.5 mg/liter) extended the duration of partial larval control somewhat, but live larvae persisted throughout the 4-wk test. The integration effect was more obvious when water-dispersible Bti granules were integrated with pyriproxyfen than when liquid Bti was used. Integration of Bti with pyriproxyfen had a negative effect on adult emergence, which was completely inhibited by pyriproxyfen after day 1. Daily replenishment of water increased Bti activity and provided slightly better larval control. Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti were both completely susceptible to the higher concentration of Bti and pyriproxyfen in both test designs (with replenishment and without replenishment of water).
Collapse
|
63
|
Chung J, Shim H, Lee YW, Bae W. Comparison of influence of free ammonia and dissolved oxygen on nitrite accumulation between suspended and attached cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2005; 26:21-33. [PMID: 15747597 DOI: 10.1080/09593332608618587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The shortcut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) hybrid (suspended cells combined with attached cells) process is an innovative technology that nitrosofies ammonium to nitrite and then denitrifies nitrite to nitrogen gas. Theoretically, this results in a 25% savings of the oxygen needed for nitrification and a 40% of savings in carbon source needed for denitrification. In this study, the influences of free ammonia (FA) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations on nitrite accumulation were investigated to find the optimal operational factors for stable nitrite accumulation over a long period. The maximum specific utilization rates for ammonium (qa) and nitrite (qn) were determined for suspended and attached cells taken from a bench-scale SBNR reactor and a pilot-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant reactor. For the ammonium and nitrite oxidations in both reactors, the attached cells were more resistant to the FA concentration, but were more significantly influenced by the DO concentration than the suspended cells. In addition, the effect of the DO concentration was more significant than that of the FA concentration for both types of cells from both reactors. In this SBNR hybrid system, a simultaneous manipulation of DO concentration (<1.5 mg l(-1)) and FA concentration (10-20 mg l(-1)) was required for maintaining high levels of nitrite accumulation.
Collapse
|
64
|
Park HJ, Lee YW, Lee SK. Baicalin induces NAD(P)H:quinone reductase through the transactivation of AP-1 and NF-κB in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13:521-8. [PMID: 15548947 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200412000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-D-glucuronic acid, BA) is a flavone isolated from Scutellariae radix. In our previous report BA was a major active principle of NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) induction mediated by Scutellariae radix extract and the induction was related to the transcriptional activation of the QR gene in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanism of QR gene expression by baicalin. The antioxidant or electrophile response element (ARE/EpRE) found at the 5'-flanking region of phase II genes may play an important role in mediating their induction by xenobiotics, including chemopreventive agents. In accordance, to study the molecular mechanisms of QR gene expression by BA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), using nuclear extracts of treated and untreated cells against ARE, activator protein-1 (AP-1) or nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding sites, showed that BA increased the binding levels of the parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Further, Hepa 1c1c7 cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid containing three copies of the AP-1- or NF-kappaB-binding site linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Using the CAT reporter gene assay, a dose-dependent transactivation of AP-1- or NF-kappaB-mediated CAT expression was observed with the treatment of BA. These results clearly indicate that BA induces the QR gene expression and activity by transactivation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB, and thus BA may be considered as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent with the induction of phase II detoxification enzyme.
Collapse
|
65
|
Chang HK, Lee SS, Bai HJ, Lee YW, Yoon BY, Lee CH, Lee YH, Song GG, Chung WT, Lee SW, Choe JY, Kim CG, Chang DK. Validation of the classification criteria commonly used in Korea and a modified set of preliminary criteria for Behçet's disease: a multi-center study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004; 22:S21-6. [PMID: 15515778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently we have proposed a modified set of criteria to settle the questions raised regarding the International Study Group (ISG) criteria for Behçet's disease (BD). The aim of the present study was to validate the two pre-existing criteria sets commonly used in Korea, the ISG criteria and the criteria of the Behçet's Disease Research Committee of Japan (Japanese criteria), as well as the proposed modified criteria. METHODS The study population included 155 consecutive patients with BD and 170 controls with non-Behçet's rheumatic diseases. Detailed data for all of the subjects were recorded prospectively by the participating physicians on a standard form that listed the clinical features of BD. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of each set of the criteria were measured. RESULTS Of the three criteria sets employed, the modified criteria were the most accurate, with an accuracy of 96.3%. The ISG criteria often failed to classify the following patients with BD: patients with only oral and genital ulcerations, certain patients with intestinal ulcerations, patients who did not manifest oral ulcerations, and patients with acute disease but fewer than three recurrent oral ulceration relapses in a 1-year period. The Japanese criteria also failed to categorize the following patients with BD: patients with oral and genital ulcerations, and patients with oral ulcerations, skin lesions, and a positive pathergy reaction. In addition, the Japanese criteria misclassified some of the control subjects with non-Behçet's uveitis as having BD. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that there are some points that need to be reconsidered in the clinical application of the two pre-existing sets of criteria. Although the modified criteria were the most accurate, further validation studies will be required in other ethnic populations.
Collapse
|
66
|
Lee YW, Ozeki M, Juhn SK, Lin J. Expression of platelet-derived growth factor in the developing cochlea of rats. Acta Otolaryngol 2004; 124:558-62. [PMID: 15267171 DOI: 10.1080/00016480410016577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in various tissues of vertebrates. However, little is known about the expression of PDGF in the developing cochlea of rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS We examined the expression of PDGF family genes in the developing cochlear tissue of rats using microarrays and tested their role in the proliferation of progenitor hair cells using cellular and molecular biology techniques. RESULTS It was found that the genes for PDGF-A, PDGF receptor (R)-alpha and PDGFR-beta were highly expressed in the rapidly growing otocyst on embryonic Days 12-14 and weakly expressed thereafter. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the expression of PDGF-C and confirmed the expression of PDGF-A and PDGFR-alpha and -beta in the developing cochlear tissue of rats and the cultured progenitor hair cells. Inhibition of the expression of PDGFs in the cultured progenitor hair cells with antisense oligonucleotides reduced the DNA synthesis. CONCLUSION PDGFs and their receptors may play a role in the proliferation of developing cochlear hair cells.
Collapse
|
67
|
Lee KT, Lee YW, Lee JK, Choi SH, Rhee JC, Paik SS, Kong G. Overexpression of Id-1 is significantly associated with tumour angiogenesis in human pancreas cancers. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1198-203. [PMID: 15026801 PMCID: PMC2409659 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that Id-1 has a critical role in the tumour progression and aggressiveness of several human cancers. However, the clinicopathological and biological significance of Id-1 overexpression remains unclear in human primary cancer. To investigate the association between Id-1 expression and cell proliferation or tumour angiogenesis, we examined the cell cycle kinetic indices (the proliferation and apoptotic indices, PI and AI) and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) in 65 human pancreatic cancers. We also investigated the relationship between its expression and various clinicopathological factors to determine the clinical significance of Id-1 overexpression. Out of a total 65 cases, 32 (49.3%) showed overexpression of Id-1 vs normal tissues. Id-1 expression was found to be significantly associated with MVD (P=0.002). In further analysis of subgroups with higher and lower Id-1 expression, tumours with higher Id-1 expression (scores 4 and 5) showed significantly higher MVD than tumours with lower expression of Id-1 (scores 2 and 3) (111.18+/-57.14 vs 64.13+/-28.19, P<0.001). However, no significant association was found between Id-1 overexpression and patient survival rate. No significant association was also found between Id-1 expression and cell cycle kinetic indices (PI or AI) in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the overexpression of Id-1 protein was not correlated with any significant clinicopathologic factors. These findings indicate that Id-1 overexpression is closely related with tumour angiogenesis and a higher density of intratumoral vessel, but that it is not associated with a poorer prognosis of survival or a higher cell proliferative potential in human pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
68
|
Lee CH, Han SH, Yoon BY, Lee YW. Monostotic Paget?s disease of the tibia in Korea. Clin Rheumatol 2004; 23:381-2. [PMID: 15293109 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-004-0894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Paget's disease has been estimated to be about 3%, but it is extremely rare in Asia, especially in Korea. In addition, monostotic involvement seems to be far less frequent. In this report, we describe a case of monostotic Paget's disease localized in the right tibia.
Collapse
|
69
|
Lee CH, Shim JC, Lee YW. Tuberculous fasciitis in scleroderma. Clin Rheumatol 2004; 23:66-8. [PMID: 14749989 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-003-0811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Accepted: 08/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A 25-year old woman visited the hospital because of a painful swelling for 20 days in the midposterior portion of her right thigh. She had been diagnosed with systemic sclerosis and treated for 10 months. An MRI scan of the right thigh showed diffuse fascial thickening and involved the superficial portion of thigh muscles, which were hyperintense on the T(2)-weighted image. A biopsy of the involved muscles revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with several acid-fast bacilli on a Ziehl-Neelsen stain. We here report a case of tuberculous fasciitis manifest with painful swelling of the midposterior muscles of the right thigh without pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with scleroderma.
Collapse
|
70
|
Dean MF, Lee YW, Dastjerdi AM, Lees P. The effect of link peptide on proteoglycan synthesis in equine articular cartilage. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1622:161-8. [PMID: 12928112 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(03)00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The basal rate of in vitro proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in explants of equine articular cartilage was subject to considerable variation in animals of the same age but was greater in younger than older animals. Synthesis of PGs in explant cultures was stimulated by a synthetic link peptide, identical in sequence to the N-terminus of the link protein (LP) of PG aggregates, in a similar manner to that demonstrated previously for human articular cartilage [Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25 (1997) 427; Arthritis Rheum. 41 (1998) 157]. Stimulation occurred in tissue from animals ranging from 1 to 30 years old but older animals required higher concentrations of peptide to produce a measurable response. Synthesis of PGs increased in a concentration-dependent manner and was paralleled by increases in the ability of aggrecan monomers to form aggregates with hyaluronan (HA). In addition to its effect on synthesis of PGs, link peptide also increased synthesis of both aggrecan and LP mRNA. Cartilage explant and chondrocyte cultures secreted small amounts of biologically active interleukin 1 (IL 1) and secretion of this cytokine was reduced considerably by the addition of link peptide. Reduction in the activity of this catabolic cytokine coupled with the increased synthesis of mRNA for aggrecan and link peptide may be the mechanism by which link peptide exerts its positive effect on the rate of PG synthesis in articular cartilage.
Collapse
|
71
|
Chang HK, Lee SS, Kim JW, Jee YK, Kim JU, Lee YW, Yoon BY. The prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases in Behçet's disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21:S31-4. [PMID: 14727456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of Th-2 cell-mediated diseases, such as atopic diseases, has been noted to be low in Th-1 cell-mediated diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases in Behçet's disease (BD), a Th-1 cell-mediated disease, and to investigate the clinical association between the atopy and the development of severe manifestations in BD. METHODS We examined 70 consecutive BD patients and 113 controls without BD or other inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The cumulative history of severe manifestations in BD patients was investigated during the disease course. A skin prick test was performed in all the subjects, and atopy was defined as present when the size of one or more allergen-induced wheals was equal to or larger than that caused by histamine. Atopic diseases were defined as present when there were relevant responses for atopic diseases on the questionnaires in the subjects with atopy. In addition, serum IgE levels and peripheral blood eosinophil counts were measured. RESULTS The prevalence of atopy and atopic diseases was significantly lower in BD patients than in controls. Other atopy parameters, such as serum IgE levels and peripheral blood eosinophil counts, were also significantly lower in BD patients when compared with controls. However, atopy, serum IgE levels, and peripheral blood eosinophil counts did not differ significantly between BD patients with and without severe manifestations. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Th-2 cell-mediated conditions, such as atopy and atopic diseases, appeared to be lower in BD, a Th-1 cell-mediated disease. In addition, a Th-1 and Th-2 balance may not influence the development of severe manifestations in BD.
Collapse
|
72
|
Shin SS, Jin M, Jung HJ, Kim B, Jeon H, Choi JJ, Kim JM, Cho BW, Chung SH, Lee YW, Song YW, Kim S. Suppressive effects of PG201, an ethanol extract from herbs, on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:665-72. [PMID: 12709543 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PG201 has been formulated using 12 herbs known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue and bone among other functions. The present study was done in order to assess the therapeutic effects of PG201 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. METHODS DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. After a second collagen immunization, mice were treated with PG201 orally at 10 mg/kg once a day for 18 days. Paws were evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling and deformities. The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the ankle were examined. The severity of arthritis within the knee joints was evaluated by histological assessment of cartilage destruction and pannus formation. Molecular indicators related to CIA pathology were analysed by measuring the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. RESULTS Administration of PG201 significantly suppressed the progression of CIA and inhibited the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the paws. The erosion of cartilage was dramatically reduced in mouse knees after treatment with PG201. In the serum of PG201-treated mice, the level of TIMP-2 and the ratio of TIMP-2 to MMP-2 were significantly elevated, and the level of IL-4, but not of IL-10, was increased. CONCLUSION Administration of PG201 has therapeutic effects on CIA. Protection of cartilage was particularly prominent. PG201 is a potential therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
73
|
Song MS, Kong ES, Kim GB, Kim NC, Kim CH, Kim CK, Kim HK, Roh YJ, Shin KR, Ahn SY, Lee KJ, Lee YW, Chang SO, Chon SJ, Cho NO, Cho MO, Choi KS. Development of Gerontological Nursing Curriculum Model. J Korean Acad Nurs 2003; 33:376-85. [PMID: 15314436 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop gerontological curriculum model which reflects the need of Korean society. METHOD Three round Delphi survey method was applied to find consensus of gerontological nursing competencies (knowledge, attitudes and skills) for graduates of nursing schools from the panel of gerontological nursing practice experts. Important concepts in gerontological nursing were delineated from literature review and discussions of gerontological nursing educators. Based on these results the gerontological nursing curriculum model was developed and course structure outlined by the researchers as a group. RESULT As the result of delphi survey, 32 items of knowledge, 29 items of attitude, and 21 items of skill were identified. The curriculum model constructed around a cube with three plane- functional capacity levels, settings, and nursing practice. Specific knowledge, attitudes and skills for gerontological theory and practicum course were suggested. Competency items were assigned to theory and/or practice. CONCLUSION A curriculum model for gerontological nursing has been developed by a group of gerontological nursing educators. The curriculum model should be further tested and developed with detailed theory and practicum course outline and textbooks.
Collapse
|
74
|
Park HJ, Lee YW, Hennig B, Toborek M. Linoleic acid-induced VCAM-1 expression in human microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by the NF-kappa B-dependent pathway. Nutr Cancer 2002; 41:126-34. [PMID: 12094615 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2001.9680623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been reported to play an important role in cancer metastasis via the adhesive interaction between tumor cells and endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the effects of linoleic acid on VCAM-1 expression and its transcriptional regulatory mechanism in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Time- and dose-dependent increases of VCAM-1 mRNA levels were observed in linoleic acid-treated HMEC-1 as detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant and dose-dependent upregulation of VCAM-1 expression in HMEC-1 stimulated with linoleic acid compared with controls. To clarify the transcriptional regulatory pathway, we investigated the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) in the expression of VCAM-1 by linoleic acid in HMEC-1. Nuclear extracts from HMEC-1 stimulated with linoleic acid showed a dose-dependent increase in binding activity to the NF-kappa B consensus sequences. These effects were preventable by cotreatment with inhibitors of NF-kappa B activity, such as sodium salicylate, aspirin, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. In addition, pretreatment with NF-kappa B inhibitors markedly suppressed the ability of linoleic acid to induce VCAM-1 gene expression. The role of NF-kappa B in linoleic acid-induced VCAM-1 expression was confirmed by functional promoter studies in HMEC-1 transfected with reporter constructs of the VCAM-1 promoter with or without mutated NF-kappa B binding site. These results indicate that linoleic acid upregulates VCAM-1 expression in HMEC-1 through the NF-kappa B-dependent pathway.
Collapse
|
75
|
Lee YW, Fan FC, Huang YC, Gu BY, Dong BZ, Chou MH. Nonlinear multiwavelength conversion based on an aperiodic optical superlattice in lithium niobate. OPTICS LETTERS 2002; 27:2191-2193. [PMID: 18033479 DOI: 10.1364/ol.27.002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated what is to our knowledge the first successful achievement of multiwavelength conversion in an aperiodic optical superlattice (AOS) lithium niobate crystal with equalized gain. The two AOS devices in our experiment, numerically synthesized from 2857 crystal blocks with a unit block thickness of 3.5 microm, have fundamental wavelengths of 1540 and 1545 nm for double-wavelength second-harmonic generation (SHG) and of 1540, 1545, and 1553 nm for triple-wavelength SHG at 50 degrees C. Our experiment and simulation show that the output spectrum of an AOS wavelength converter is fairly insensitive to typical fabrication errors.
Collapse
|
76
|
Abbas HK, Shier WT, Gronwald JW, Lee YW. Comparison of phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of nontrichothecene mycotoxins. JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS 2002; 11:173-86. [PMID: 12182537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicity and mammalian cytotoxicity of four nontrichothecene mycotoxins (apicidin, sambutoxin, wortmannin, HC-toxin) were compared. Phytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of electrolyte leakage, growth inhibition, and reduction in chlorophyll content. Based on the parameters evaluated, the relative order of phytotoxicity to duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) was wortmannin > HC-toxin > apicidin >> sambutoxin. A 48-hr exposure to 10 microM wortmannin, HC-toxin or apicidin caused electrolyte leakage from duckweed. The IC50 values for growth inhibition and chlorophyll reduction for wortmannin, HC-toxin, and apicidin were 0.2 and 2.6 microM, 15.4 and 12.6 microM, and 27.7 and 45.3 microM, respectively. Based on the parameters measured, a 72-hr exposure to 100 microM sambutoxin was not toxic to duckweed. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata L.) leaf disc assays revealed a similar trend in relative toxicities, but higher mycotoxin concentrations were required to elicit phytotoxic effects compared to duckweed. All four mycotoxins were cytotoxic to four mammalian cell cultures. However, in contrast to plants, wortmannin was the least toxic (IC50 = 10 to 20 microM) and sambutoxin exhibited a high level of toxicity (IC50 = 0.5 to 1 microM).
Collapse
|
77
|
Kong G, Kim EK, Kim WS, Lee YW, Lee JK, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW, Lee KT. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity and its relationship to cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, clinicopathologic characteristics, and patient survival in pancreatic cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 2002; 29:133-40. [PMID: 12067216 DOI: 10.1385/ijgc:29:3:133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological and biological significance of the expression of iNOS in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the possible roles and clinical significance of iNOS expression in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Seventy-two pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens were obtained by surgical resection. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in 72 patients with pancreatic cancer with respect to variable clinicopathological characteristics, proliferation activity (assessed by Ki-67 expression), apoptosis (assessed by TUNEL stain), and microvessel density (assessed by CD34 expression; angiogenesis). RESULTS Immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated immunolabeling of tumor cells with anti-iNOS antibody. Positivity for iNOS was observed in 48/72 (66.7%). The expression of iNOS protein did not correlate with age, bilirubin, tumor marker, location, size, AJCC stage, differentiation, distant metastasis, or patient survival. No significant association was found between iNOS expression and proliferation or microvessel density in pancreatic cancer. Apoptotic index (AI) of positive iNOS expressions were significantly higher than negative expression (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed by human pancreatic cancer, and its presence is positively correlated with apoptosis of cancer cells that could provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies in human pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
78
|
Lam KF, Lee YW, Leung TL. Modeling multivariate survival data by a semiparametric random effects proportional odds model. Biometrics 2002; 58:316-23. [PMID: 12071404 DOI: 10.1111/j.0006-341x.2002.00316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the focus is on the analysis of multivariate survival time data with various types of dependence structures. Examples of multivariate survival data include clustered data and repeated measurements from the same subject, such as the interrecurrence times of cancer tumors. A random effect semiparametric proportional odds model is proposed as an alternative to the proportional hazards model. The distribution of the random effects is assumed to be multivariate normal and the random effect is assumed to act additively to the baseline log-odds function. This class of models, which includes the usual shared random effects model, the additive variance components model, and the dynamic random effects model as special cases, is highly flexible and is capable of modeling a wide range of multivariate survival data. A unified estimation procedure is proposed to estimate the regression and dependence parameters simultaneously by means of a marginal-likelihood approach. Unlike the fully parametric case, the regression parameter estimate is not sensitive to the choice of correlation structure of the random effects. The marginal likelihood is approximated by the Monte Carlo method. Simulation studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method is applied to two well-known data sets, including clustered data and recurrent event times data.
Collapse
|
79
|
Kim JM, Ho SH, Park EJ, Hahn W, Cho H, Jeong JG, Lee YW, Kim S. Angiostatin gene transfer as an effective treatment strategy in murine collagen-induced arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:793-801. [PMID: 11920417 DOI: 10.1002/art.10113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of local therapy with human angiostatin gene in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen. Before the onset of arthritis, NIH3T3 fibroblasts, transduced with angiostatin-expressing retroviral vectors or control vectors, were transplanted into the knee cavity. The incidence of arthritis in the knee joints was evaluated histologically based on pannus formation and cartilage destruction. Paws were evaluated macroscopically for redness, swelling, and deformities and immunologically for levels of interleukin-1 beta. Angiogenesis in paws and knee joints was studied by immunohistochemistry using anti-CD31 antibody and measurement of von Willebrand factor levels. RESULTS Pannus formation and cartilage erosion were dramatically reduced in knees transplanted with angiostatin-expressing cells. In addition, the onset of CIA in the ipsilateral paws below the knees injected with the angiostatin gene was significantly prevented. Furthermore, angiostatin gene transfer inhibited arthritis-associated angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Local production of angiostatin in the knee was able to prevent the onset of CIA not only in the knee injected with genetically engineered cells, but also in the uninjected ipsilateral paw. This suggests that transfer of the angiostatin gene, and potentially also its protein, may provide a new, effective approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
80
|
Yap HH, Lee YW, Zairi J. Indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, Vectobac ABG 6511 water-dispersible granules and Vectobac 12AS liquid. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2002; 18:52-56. [PMID: 11998931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, Vectobac ABG 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [ITU]/mg) and Vectobac 12AS liquid (1,200 ITU/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles dirus, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Portable Agrofog AF35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on Penang Island, Malaysia. Vectobac ABG 6511 showed good larvicidal effect against all 4 mosquito species at 3 of the higher doses tested (2.91 x 10(9), 1.45 x 10(9), and 0.71 x 10(9) ITU/ha), with more than 96% mortality at 48 h after spraying. As a comparative formulation, Vectobac 12AS also showed good larvicidal activity against all 4 mosquito species at 2 of the higher doses tested (2.87 x 10(9) and 1.46 x 10(9) ITU/ha), with more than 92.5% mortality at 48 h after spraying. Larvae of An. dirus were significantly more susceptible to both water-based Vectobac formulations when compared to the other 3 mosquito species. Both microbial formulations showed better efficacy at higher doses. However, even at the lowest dose tested, Vectobac ABG 6511 and Vectobac 12AS (both at 0.36 x 10(9) ITU/ha) showed larvicidal properties, with more than 66% mortality at 48 h after spraying. Overall, for this bacterial agent, the water-dispersible granule formulation has better prospects than the liquid formulation for the control of larvae of vector mosquitoes.
Collapse
|
81
|
Shin KR, Kong ES, Kim GB, Kim NC, Kim CH, Kim CK, Kim HK, Ro YJ, Song MS, Ahn SY, Lee KJ, Lee YW, Chang SO, Chon SJ, Cho NO, Cho MO, Choi KS. Lived Experience with Aging in Middle-Aged Woman. J Korean Acad Nurs 2002. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2002.32.6.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
82
|
Fong DY, Lam KF, Lawless JF, Lee YW. Dynamic random effects models for times between repeated events. LIFETIME DATA ANALYSIS 2001; 7:345-362. [PMID: 11763543 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012544714667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We consider recurrent event data when the duration or gap times between successive event occurrences are of intrinsic interest. Subject heterogeneity not attributed to observed covariates is usually handled by random effects which result in an exchangeable correlation structure for the gap times of a subject. Recently, efforts have been put into relaxing this restriction to allow non-exchangeable correlation. Here we consider dynamic models where random effects can vary stochastically over the gap times. We extend the traditional Gaussian variance components models and evaluate a previously proposed proportional hazards model through a simulation study and some examples. Besides, semiparametric estimation of the proportional hazards models is considered. Both models are easily used. The Gaussian models are easily interpreted in terms of the variance structure. On the other hand, the proportional hazards models would be more appropriate in the context of survival analysis, particularly in the interpretation of the regression parameters. They can be sensitive to the choice of model for random effects but not to the choice of the baseline hazard function.
Collapse
|
83
|
Abbas HK, Gronwald JW, Plaisance KL, Paul RN, Lee YW. Histone Deacetylase Activity and Phytotoxic Effects Following Exposure of Duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) to Apicidin and HC-Toxin. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2001; 91:1141-1148. [PMID: 18943328 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2001.91.12.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The effects of two cyclic tetrapeptide fungal toxins, apicidin (from Fusarium spp.) and HC-toxin (from Cochliobolus carbonum), on duckweed (Lemna pausicostata L.) were examined. Both toxins inhibited histone deacetylase (HD) activity from duckweed plantlets; the effective concentration (EC(50)) for inhibition of HD was 5.6 and 1.1 muM for apicidin and HC-toxin, respectively. Approximately 65 and 85% of in vitro HD activity was inhibited by 50 muM apicidin or HC-toxin, respectively. Exposing duckweed for 72 h to apicidin or HC-toxin (25 or 50 muM) enhanced cellular leakage, impaired chlorophyll synthesis, and inhibited growth (cell division). At equivalent concentrations, the effects of HC-toxin were more pronounced than those of apicidin. In fronds, 72 h of exposure to 50 muM apicidin resulted in chloroplast deterioration indicated by loss of orientation and excess starch accumulation. In roots, a 72-h treatment with 50 muM apicidin resulted in the loss of the root cap and increased vacuolization and starch accumulation in plastids.
Collapse
|
84
|
Lee YW, Hennig B, Fiala M, Kim KS, Toborek M. Cocaine activates redox-regulated transcription factors and induces TNF-alpha expression in human brain endothelial cells. Brain Res 2001; 920:125-33. [PMID: 11716818 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse is frequently associated with cerebrovascular pathology. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these alterations are not fully understood, they may involve oxidative injury or dysfunction of brain microvascular endothelial cells. To test this hypothesis, total glutathione levels, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), as well as induction of the TNF-alpha gene expression were determined in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) exposed to cocaine. Exposure of HBMEC to cocaine resulted in a dose-dependent depletion of total glutathione levels. In addition, cocaine markedly activated redox-regulated transcription factors, NF-kappaB and AP-1. Activation of these transcription factors was accompanied by induction of AP-1- or NF-kappaB-dependent transcription, as measured by dual luciferase assay in HBMEC transfected with the AP-1- or NF-kappaB-responsive reporter constructs. Furthermore, HBMEC treatment with cocaine induced a dose-dependent expression of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene. These results indicate that exposure to cocaine can trigger inflammatory pathways via activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and induction of expression of the inflammatory genes in HBMEC. These events may contribute to the cerebrovascular insults observed in cocaine-abused patients.
Collapse
|
85
|
Lee YW, Hennig B, Yao J, Toborek M. Methamphetamine induces AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding and transactivation in human brain endothelial cells. J Neurosci Res 2001; 66:583-91. [PMID: 11746378 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurotoxicity may involve alterations of cellular redox status and induction of inflammatory genes in endothelial cells. To study these hypotheses, molecular signaling pathways of METH-induced inflammatory responses via activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors were investigated in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). A dose-dependent depletion of total glutathione levels was detected in HBMEC exposed to METH. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed significant increases in DNA binding activities of redox-responsive transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappaB, in HBMEC treated with METH. METH-mediated AP-1 or NF-kappaB activation was accompanied by induction of transactivation of AP-1 or NF-kappaB, as measured by dual luciferase assay using specific reporter plasmids. Because NF-kappaB and AP-1 are known to regulate expression of inflammatory genes, expression of the gene encoding for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also studied in METH-treated HBMEC. A dose-dependent overexpression of the TNF-alpha gene was observed in HBMEC treated with METH. The importance of AP-1 and NF-kappaB in METH-induced TNF-alpha gene was confirmed in functional promoter studies using constructs of the TNF-alpha promoter with mutated AP-1 or NF-kappaB sites. These results indicate that METH-induced disturbances in cellular redox status and activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB can play critical roles in the signaling pathways leading to upregulation of inflammatory genes in human brain endothelial cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amphetamine-Related Disorders/genetics
- Amphetamine-Related Disorders/metabolism
- Amphetamine-Related Disorders/physiopathology
- Binding Sites/drug effects
- Binding Sites/physiology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects
- Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Encephalitis/chemically induced
- Encephalitis/genetics
- Encephalitis/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Genes, Reporter/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter/physiology
- Glutathione/drug effects
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Methamphetamine/toxicity
- Microcirculation/drug effects
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Microcirculation/physiopathology
- NF-kappa B/drug effects
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/drug effects
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Collapse
|
86
|
Han JW, Ahn SH, Kim YK, Bae GU, Yoon JW, Hong S, Lee HY, Lee YW, Lee HW. Activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) transcription through Sp1 sites by histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin: involvement of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42084-90. [PMID: 11551946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106688200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that apicidin, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells via induction of p21(WAF1/Cip1). In this study, we determined the molecular mechanisms by which apicidin induced the p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene expression in HeLa cells. Apicidin induced p21(WAF1/Cip1) mRNA independent of the de novo protein synthesis and activated the p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter through Sp1-3 site located at -82 and -77 relative to the transcription start site. This transcriptional activation appears to be mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), because calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, significantly attenuated the activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter via Sp1 sites, which was accompanied by a marked suppression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) mRNA and protein expression induced by apicidin. Consistent with the transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter by apicidin, apicidin treatment led to the translocation of PKCepsilon from cytosolic to particulate fraction, which was reversed by pretreatment with calphostin C, indicating the involvement of PKC in the transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) via Sp1 sites by apicidin. However, the PKC-mediated transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) by apicidin appears to be independent of the histone hyperacetylation, because apicidin-induced histone hyperacetylation was not affected by calphostin C. Furthermore, a PKC activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, alone induced the transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) promoter, p21(WAF1/Cip1) mRNA, and protein expression without induction of the histone hyperacetylation, suggesting that the transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/Cip1) by apicidin might have been mediated by a mechanism other than chromatin remodeling through the histone hyperacetylation. Taken together, these results suggest that the PKC signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the transcriptional activation of the p21(WAF1/Cip1) gene by apicidin.
Collapse
|
87
|
Lee YW, Ha MS, Kim YK. Role of reactive oxygen species and glutathione in inorganic mercury-induced injury in human glioma cells. Neurochem Res 2001; 26:1187-93. [PMID: 11874199 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013955020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in glia cells using human glioma cell line A172 cells. HgCl2 caused the loss of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. HgCl2-induced loss of cell viability was not affected by H2O2 scavengers catalase and pyruvate, a superoxide scavenger superoxide dismutase, a peroxynitrite scavenger uric acid, and an inhibitor of nitric oxide N(G)-nitro-arginine Methyl ester. HgCl2 did not cause changes in DCF fluorescence, an H2O2-sensitive fluorescent dye. The loss of cell viability was significantly prevented by the hydroxyl radical scavengers dimethylthiourea and thiourea, but it was not affected by antioxidants DPPD and Trlox. HgCl2-induced loss of cell viability was accompanied by a significant reduction in GSH content. The GSH depletion was almost completely prevented by thiols dithiothreitol and GSH, whereas the loss of viability was partially prevented by these agents. Incubation of cells with 0.2 mM buthionine sulfoximine for 24 hr, a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, resulted in 56% reduction in GSH content without any change in cell viability. HgCl2 resulted in 34% reduction in GSH content, which was accompanied by 59% loss of cell viability. These results suggest that HgCl2-induced cell death is not associated with generation of H2O2 and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation. In addition, these data suggest that the depletion of endogenous GSH itself may not play a critical role in the HgCl2-induced cytotoxicity in human glioma cells.
Collapse
|
88
|
Bang D, Lee JH, Lee ES, Lee S, Choi JS, Kim YK, Cho BK, Koh JK, Won YH, Kim NI, Park SD, Ahn HJ, Lee YW, Wang HY, Lee WW, Eun HC, Song ES, Lee SW, Lee CW, Lee CJ, Park JH, Song YW, Kim ST, Kim CY, Park JK, Kwon KS. Epidemiologic and clinical survey of Behcet's disease in Korea: the first multicenter study. J Korean Med Sci 2001; 16:615-8. [PMID: 11641532 PMCID: PMC3057606 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2001.16.5.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Behcet's disease is the highest in the East Asian and the Mediterranean countries. Behcet's disease is also distributed in the Asian countries, but the nationwide survey has not been performed in Korea yet. The Korean Study Group for Behcet's Disease, founded in 1999, conducted a multicenter, retrospective survey on epidemiologic and clinical features of the patients with Behcet's disease from 20 hospitals around the nation from 1997 to 1999. Of 3,497 patients, 1,527 were classified into complete or incomplete type of Behcet's disease according to the revised Shimizu's classification. The sex ratio was 1:1.75 with the female predominance. Geographical distribution showed the highest frequency in Seoul (38.5%). Clinically, 98.8% had oral ulcers, 83.2% had genital ulcers, 84.3% had skin lesions and 50.9% had ocular lesions. As for the minor clinical manifestations, articular symptoms were the most frequent. The pathergy test showed positive in 15.4% of patients and revealed a higher positive rate in males (20.2%) than in females (12.7%). In conclusion, we performed the first multicenter study on Behcet's disease in Korea and revealed the female predominance, higher frequency of ocular lesions, and lower positivity of pathergy test in the patients.
Collapse
|
89
|
Kim YS, Kim BY, Lee YW. Design of null lenses for testing of elliptical surfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:3215-3219. [PMID: 11958262 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.003215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Null lenses are designed for testing the oblate elliptical surface that is the third mirror of the off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic camera used for remote sensing. Modifying the conventional autostigmatic and autocollimation types of null lenses yields a mixed-type design that has a small annular flat mirror and high sensitivity. Detailed analyses of the sensitivity of the mixed-type null lens system with changes in each surface parameter are described.
Collapse
|
90
|
Lee T, Oh DW, Kim HS, Lee J, Kim YH, Yun SH, Lee YW. Identification of deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of Gibberella zeae by using PCR. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2966-72. [PMID: 11425709 PMCID: PMC92968 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.2966-2972.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2001] [Accepted: 04/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, may be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). We cloned and sequenced the gene cluster for trichothecene biosynthesis from each chemotype. G. zeae H-11 is a DON producer isolated from corn, and G. zeae 88-1 is a NIV producer from barley. We sequenced a 23-kb gene cluster from H-11 and a 26-kb cluster from 88-1, along with the unlinked Tri101 genes. Each gene cluster contained 10 Tri gene homologues in the same order and transcriptional directions as those of Fusarium sporotrichioides. Between H-11 and 88-1 all of the Tri homologues except Tri7 were conserved, with identities ranging from 88 to 98% and 82 to 99% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The Tri7 sequences were only 80% identical at the nucleotide level. We aligned the Tri7 genes and found that the Tri7 open reading frame of H-11 carried several mutations and an insertion containing 10 copies of an 11-bp tandem repeat. The Tri7 gene from 88-1 carried neither the repeat nor the mutations. We assayed 100 G. zeae isolates of both chemotypes by PCR amplification with a primer pair derived from the Tri7 gene and could differentiate the chemotypes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The PCR-based method developed in this study should provide a simple and reliable diagnostic tool for differentiating the two chemotypes of G. zeae.
Collapse
|
91
|
Lau HP, Lin TY, Lee YW, Liou WH, Tsai SK. Delayed airway obstruction secondary to inadvertent arterial puncture during percutaneous central venous cannulation. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SINICA 2001; 39:93-6. [PMID: 11475182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of fatal respiratory complication secondary to central venous cannulation in a 63-year-old male patient, which came up gradually and insidiously following an accidental puncture of carotid artery in an attempt to cannulate the right internal jugular vein. He died 14 h after the mishap due to severe upper airway obstruction. The nature of the vascular laceration was still obscure.
Collapse
|
92
|
Lee YW, Kühn H, Kaiser S, Hennig B, Daugherty A, Toborek M. Interleukin 4 induces transcription of the 15-lipoxygenase I gene in human endothelial cells. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:783-91. [PMID: 11352986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO-I) has been implicated in atherogenesis because of its capability of oxidizing low density lipoprotein. Therefore, we investigated the expression of the 15-LO-I gene in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nonactivated HUVEC did not exhibit detectable 15-LO-I mRNA. However, exposure of the cells to interleukin 4 (IL-4) induced the transcription of the 15-LO-I gene in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, this induction was not paralleled by a concomitant production of the functional 15-LO-I enzyme, as indicated by activity assays and immunoblotting. To gain more information about the mechanism of the induction process, we investigated IL-4-dependent activation of nuclear transcription factors for which binding sites were previously identified in the 5'-flanking region of the human 15-LO-I gene. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that IL-4 can activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, activator protein 2, GATA motif-binding transcription factor 1, nuclear factor 1, and SP-1 in HUVEC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Activation of these transcription factors was observed as early as 30 min after cytokine exposure. These data indicate that IL-4 upregulates the transcription of the 15-LO-I gene in human vascular endothelial cells, and this process may involve the activation of several nuclear transcription factors. The lack of active 15-LO-I protein in the presence of functional 15-LO-I mRNA suggests additional regulatory elements of 15-LO expression at posttranscriptional levels.
Collapse
|
93
|
Sohn DW, Jung JW, Oh BH, Lee MM, Park YB, Choi YS, Lee YW. Should ascending aortic intramural hematoma be treated surgically? Am J Cardiol 2001; 87:1024-6; A5. [PMID: 11306002 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
94
|
Seo HS, Song JT, Cheong JJ, Lee YH, Lee YW, Hwang I, Lee JS, Choi YD. Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:4788-93. [PMID: 11287667 PMCID: PMC31912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.081557298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate is a plant volatile that acts as an important cellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. We have cloned the novel gene JMT encoding an S-adenosyl-l-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (JMT) from Arabidopsis thaliana. Recombinant JMT protein expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of methyl jasmonate from jasmonic acid with K(m) value of 38.5 microM. JMT RNA was not detected in young seedlings but was detected in rosettes, cauline leaves, and developing flowers. In addition, expression of the gene was induced both locally and systemically by wounding or methyl jasmonate treatment. This result suggests that JMT can perceive and respond to local and systemic signals generated by external stimuli, and that the signals may include methyl jasmonate itself. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing JMT had a 3-fold elevated level of endogenous methyl jasmonate without altering jasmonic acid content. The transgenic plants exhibited constitutive expression of jasmonate-responsive genes, including VSP and PDF1.2. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed enhanced level of resistance against the virulent fungus Botrytis cinerea. Thus, our data suggest that the jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase is a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Activation of JMT expression leads to production of methyl jasmonate that could act as an intracellular regulator, a diffusible intercellular signal transducer, and an airborne signal mediating intra- and interplant communications.
Collapse
|
95
|
Sohn DW, Chung WY, Chai IH, Zo JH, Lee MM, Park YB, Choi YS, Lee YW. Mitral annulus velocity in the noninvasive estimation of left ventricular peak dP/dt. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87:933-6. [PMID: 11274960 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
96
|
Lee YW, Ha MS, Kim YK. H2O2-induced cell death in human glioma cells: role of lipid peroxidation and PARP activation. Neurochem Res 2001; 26:337-43. [PMID: 11495343 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010993428770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of ROS-induced cell injury remains to be defined. This study was undertaken to examine the role of lipid peroxidation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation in H2O2-induced cell death in A172 cells, a human glioma cell line. H2O2 induced a dose- and time-dependent cell death. The cell death was prevented by thiols (dithiothreitol and glutathione), iron chelators (deferoxamine and phenanthroline), H2O2 scavengers (catalase and pyruvate), and a hydroxyl radical scavenger (dimethylthiourea). Antioxidants N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) and Trolox had no effect on the H2O2-induced cell death. Lipid peroxidation did not increase in human glioma cells exposed to H2O2. The PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide prevented the cell death induced by H2O2. The PARP activity was increased by H2O2 and the H2O2 effect was prevented by 3-aminobenzamide, dithiothreitol, and phenanthroline. The ATP depletion induced by H2O2 was prevented by catalase, dithiothreitol, phenanthroline, and 3-aminobenzamide, but not by DPPD. These results indicate that the H2O2-induced cell death is mediated by PARP activation but not by lipid peroxidation in human glioma cells.
Collapse
|
97
|
Lee YW, Kang IH, Kim SM, Lee HL, Koo TW, Lee HS, Hwang JJ. Population genetics of the hypervariable locus D12S391 in Koreans. Int J Legal Med 2001; 114:118-21. [PMID: 11197617 DOI: 10.1007/s004140000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The hypervariable short tandem repeat (STR) locus D12S391 was investigated in a Korean population and 34 fragments were sequenced to confirm the structure of alleles. From these sequenced fragments an allelic ladder containing 13 sequenced alleles was constructed. From 595 unrelated Koreans, 14 alleles were detected and one variant allele 19.3 was observed. The observed heterozygosity was 0.795 and no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the Korean population (p = 0.606). The allele frequency distribution in the Korean population was not similar to other racial or ethnic groups except for Egyptians, Yemenis, Japanese and Caucasoids from the Rhine area. No mutations were observed in the 702 meioses from 144 Korean families. This study demonstrates that the STR locus D12S391 is a useful tool for forensic identification and parentage testing.
Collapse
|
98
|
Han GR, Lee YW, Lee HL, Kim SM, Ku TW, Kang IH, Lee HS, Hwang JJ. A Korean population study of the nine STR loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818. Int J Legal Med 2001; 114:41-4. [PMID: 11197626 DOI: 10.1007/s004140000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA typing was performed on 379 randomly selected unrelated Koreans using the nine short tandem repeat loci FGA, VWA, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, D8S1179, D7S820, D13S317 and D5S818 present in the AmpF/STR Profiler Plus PCR amplification kit. Allele frequencies, heterozygosity, power of discrimination, mean exclusion chance, and polymorphism information content of each locus were calculated by statistical analysis. All nine loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The combined discrimination index and the combined mean exclusion chance in Koreans was 2.31 x 10(-12) and 0.99983, respectively. By evaluation of 297 children from 128 families, 2 mutations were found at the FGA locus and 1 each at the D18S51 and D13S317 loci. This study demonstrates that this multiplex system is a useful and convenient tool for forensic identification and parentage testing in Korea.
Collapse
|
99
|
Kim JS, Lee S, Lee T, Lee YW, Trepel JB. Transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) by apicidin, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:866-71. [PMID: 11237739 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apicidin [cyclo(N-O-methyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-isoleucinyl-D-pipecolinyl-l-2-amino-8-oxodecanoyl)], a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been identified as an antiprotozoal and antiproliferative agent. In this study, we show apicidin induces transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) (p21) in human prostate carcinoma cells. Apicidin induces expression of p21 protein and mRNA and activation of p21 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs. Apicidin causes an accumulation of acetylated histones H3 and H4 in total cellular chromatin. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows p21 promoter DNA is associated with hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4 after treatment with apicidin. Therefore, the data here demonstrate that apicidin activates p21 transcription associated with the acetylation of histones H3 and H4.
Collapse
|
100
|
Yap HH, Lee YW, Zairi J, Jahangir K, Adanan CR. Indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard FG 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2001; 17:28-32. [PMID: 11345415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of Pesguard FG 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [AI]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with Resigen5 (AI: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex quinquefasciatus using a portable Agrofog AF35 sprayer indoors in houses on Penang Island, Malaysia. Pesguard FG 161 at the concentrations tested was effective against all 4 mosquito species tested. The water-based Pesguard FG 161 performed far better as a larvicide than the diesel-based formulation. Resigen was also effective as a larvicide and adulticide against all 4 mosquito species tested. Larvae of Ae. aegypti were most susceptible to water-based Pesguard FG 161, followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. sinensis, and Ae. albopictus. Even at the lowest concentrations tested, Pesguard FG 161 showed adequate adulticidal properties. At higher dosages, water-based Pesguard FG 161 proved effective as a larvicide against all 4 mosquito species.
Collapse
|