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Delvadiya RS, Patel UD, Tank MR, Patel HB, Patel SS, Trangadia BJ. Long-term tributyltin exposure alters behavior, oocyte maturation, and histomorphology of the ovary due to oxidative stress in adult zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108600. [PMID: 38670349 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), an organotin endocrine-disrupting substance, is recognized as one of the important toxic environmental pollutants. The present study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of TBT on behavior and the ovary of adult zebrafish with a focus on oxidative stress markers and oocyte maturation. Adult zebrafish were exposed to three different concentrations (125, 250, and 500 ng/L of water) of TBT for 28 days. TBT exposure produced a concentration-dependent negative effect on the body weight and behavior (anxiety-like symptoms) of adult zebrafish. Alterations in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the total antioxidant capacity of ovarian tissue by the highest exposure level of TBT resulted in lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The numbers of early-vitellogenic oocytes were significantly increased in zebrafish exposed to TBT as low as 125 ng/L. However, the numbers and size of fully-grown (mature) oocytes were significantly reduced in the highest exposure group only. Correlation between the MDA level and pre-vitellogenic oocytes in the 500 ng/L group indicated that lipid peroxidation prevented the maturation of pre-vitellogenic oocytes. TBT exposure produced significant histological changes in the ovary as evidenced by disturbed maturation of oocytes. In conclusion, TBT adversely affected the maturation of oocytes in zebrafish ovary through oxidative stress-mediated mechanisms.
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Blake JA, Thomas HJ, Pelecanos AM, Najman JM, Scott JG. The unique role of adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and maternal-adolescent communication in their association with attachment in early adulthood. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104273. [PMID: 38636402 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Attachment styles influence mental health and relationships through life. Few studies examine the adolescent factors associated with adult attachment styles. This paper examines the association between adolescent emotional and behavioral problems and maternal-adolescent communication with attachment style in early adulthood. Data from 3423 participants in a birth cohort study were examined. At 14-years, participants' mothers completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. Participants completed the Youth Self-Report at 14-years which measures internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) at 21-years. The ASQ comprises five domains of internal working models of interpersonal relationships and attachment style: confidence (security), discomfort with closeness and relationships as secondary (avoidance), need for approval and preoccupation with relationships (anxiety). Associations were examined using general linear models. After adjustments, internalizing symptoms score was associated with all domains of attachment and externalizing symptoms score was associated with four domains of attachment insecurity, but not attachment security. Low openness in maternal-adolescent communication was most strongly associated with decreased confidence and high problem maternal-adolescent communication was associated with viewing relationships as secondary. Adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems and maternal-adolescent communication may benefit from attachment-based interventions to support the development of healthy relationships and attachments in young adulthood.
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Ali AIM, Sandi S, Warly L, Fariani A, Pratama ANT, Darussalam A. Heat tolerance of goats to increased daily maximum temperature and low salinity of drinking water in tropical humid regions. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1130-1139. [PMID: 38271981 PMCID: PMC11065954 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The daily maximum temperature and seawater level continuously increase as global warming continues. We examined the adaptability and production performance of heat-stressed goats with a supply of low-saline drinking water. METHODS Twelve Kacang and Kacang Etawah cross goats were exposed to two climatic conditions (control, 25°C to 33°C, 83% relative humidity [RH], temperature humidity index [THI]: 76 to 86; and hot environment, 26°C to 39°C, 81% RH, THI: 77 to 94) and two salt levels in drinking water (0% and 0.4% NaCl). The experimental design was a Latin Square (4×4) with four treatments and four periods (28 days each). RESULTS Temperature of the rectal, skin, and udder, and respiration rate rose, reached a maximum level on the first day of heat exposures, and then recovered. Plasma sodium rose at 0.4% NaCl level, while the hot environment and salinity treatments increased the drinking water to dry matter (DM) intake ratio. Water excretion was elevated in the hot environment but lowered by the increase in salinity. Total lying time increased, whereas change position frequency decreased in the hot condition. Lying and ruminating and total ruminating time increased and explained the enhanced DM digestibility in the hot conditions. CONCLUSION The goats exhibited a high level of plasma sodium as salinity increased, and they demonstrated physiological and behavioral alterations while maintaining their production performances under increasing daily maximum temperatures.
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Stegnjaić G, Jevtić B, Lazarević M, Ignjatović Đ, Tomić M, Nikolovski N, Bjelobaba I, Momčilović M, Dimitrijević M, Miljković Đ, Stanisavljević S. Brain inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in Dark Agouti rats with spinal cord homogenate. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106852. [PMID: 38508497 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We have recently characterized experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in DA rats with spinal cord homogenate without complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The main advantage of this multiple sclerosis model is the lack of CFA-related confounding effects which represent the major obstacles in translating findings from EAE to multiple sclerosis. Here, antigen specificity of the cellular and humoral immune response directed against the central nervous system was explored. The reactivity of T and B cells to myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and β-synuclein was detected. Having in mind that reactivity against β-synuclein was previously associated with autoimmunity against the brain, the infiltration of immune cells into different brain compartments, i.e. pons, cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex was determined. T cell infiltration was observed in all structures examined. This finding stimulated investigation of the effects of immunization on DA rat behavior using the elevated plus maze and the open field test. Rats recovered from EAE displayed increased anxiety-like behavior. These data support CFA-free EAE in DA rats as a useful model for multiple sclerosis research.
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Torres-Ruiz M, de Alba Gonzalez M, Cañas Portilla AI, Coronel R, Liste I, González-Caballero MC. Effects of nanomolar methylmercury on developing human neural stem cells and zebrafish Embryo. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114684. [PMID: 38663761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury and its organic form methylmercury (MeHg), is of great concern for the developing nervous system. Despite available literature on MeHg neurotoxicity, there is still uncertainty about its mechanisms of action and the doses that trigger developmental effects. Our study combines two alternative methodologies, the human neural stem cells (NSC) and the zebrafish (ZF) embryo, to address the neurotoxic effects of early exposure to nanomolar concentrations of MeHg. Our results show linear or nonmonotonic (hormetic) responses depending on studied parameters. In ZF, we observed a hormetic response in locomotion and larval rotation, but a concentration-dependent response for sensory organ size and habituation. We also observed a possible delayed response as MeHg had greater effects on larval activity at 5 days than at 24 h. In NSC cells, some parameters show a clear dose dependence, such as increased apoptosis and differentiation to glial cells or decreased neuronal precursors; while others show a hormetic response: neuronal differentiation or cell proliferation. This study shows that the ZF model was more susceptible than NSC to MeHg neurotoxicity. The combination of different models has improved the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and possible compensatory mechanisms at the cellular and organismal level.
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El Vadhel H, Buhl-Mortensen L, Babou DA, Dridi A, Balde BS, Bouzouma MEM, Psomadakis PN. Do cold water corals provide an essential habitat for Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) in the Northwest Africa? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106538. [PMID: 38782662 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cold water corals (CWC) provide habitats for many organisms including demersal fish. Bottom trawl observations have indicated a co-occurrence of the fish Helicolenus dactylopterus with CWC reefs, but a detailed understanding of this relation is lacking. To better understand the nature of this relation we have analyzed 85 video-lines from ROV dives conducted at 25-1700 m depth off Morocco, Mauritania, and Senegal in 2020 and 2021. We annotated abundance, size, and behavior of the 552 specimens observed (32% juveniles and 68% adults), of these 82% occurred in CWC habitats at 400-600 m depth. Both juveniles and adults were observed standing on the seafloor. Our observations are discussed considering available knowledge on feeding ecology and life cycle of H. dactylopterus. Our findings show that CWC provides an essential habitat for this species at least during parts of its lifecycle, however, more behavioral studies are needed for an in-depth understanding of this association.
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Allogmanny S, Probst Y. Dietary Modification Combined with Nutrition Education and Counseling for Metabolic Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:106-112. [PMID: 38676838 PMCID: PMC11133086 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are common to multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with negative outcomes of the disease. Dietary intervention has the potential to improve MS co-morbidities; thus, it is a high priority for people living with MS to self-manage their disease. The present review aimed to summarize the recent evidence on the impacts of combining dietary modification with nutrition education and counseling on managing metabolic comorbidity markers in MS. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence suggests important roles for tailored dietary change strategies and nutrition education and counseling in managing metabolic comorbidities for MS. There is also indirect evidence suggesting a relationship between dietary fiber, the gut microbiome, and improved metabolic markers in MS, highlighting the need for more research in this area. For people living with MS, addressing both barriers and facilitators to dietary changes through behavior change techniques can help them achieve sustainable and tailored dietary behavior changes. This will support person-centered care, ultimately improving metabolic comorbidity outcomes. Metabolic comorbidities in MS are considered modifiable diseases that can be prevented and managed by changes in dietary behavior. However, the impact of targeted dietary interventions on mitigating MS-related metabolic comorbidities remains inadequately explored. Therefore, this review has provided insights into recommendations to inform future best practices in MS. Further well-designed studies based on tailored dietary strategies applying behavior change theories are needed to address the underlying determinants of dietary practice in this population.
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Ryabushkina YA, Ayriyants KA, Sapronova AA, Mutovina AS, Kolesnikova MM, Mezhlumyan EV, Bondar NP, Reshetnikov VV. Effects of different types of induced neonatal inflammation on development and behavior of C57BL/6 and BTBR mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 280:114550. [PMID: 38614416 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in the early postnatal period can disturb trajectories of the completion of normal brain development and can lead to mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders later in life. In our study, we focused on evaluating short- and long-term effects of neonatal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, poly(I:C), or their combination in female and male C57BL/6 and BTBR mice. We chose the BTBR strain as potentially more susceptible to neonatal inflammation because these mice have behavioral, neuroanatomical, and physiological features of autism spectrum disorders, an abnormal immune response, and several structural aberrations in the brain. Our results indicated that BTBR mice are more sensitive to the influence of the neonatal immune activation (NIA) on the formation of neonatal reflexes than C57BL/6 mice are. In these experiments, the injection of lipopolysaccharide had an effect on the formation of the cliff aversion reflex in female BTBR mice. Nonetheless, NIA had no delayed effects on either social behavior or anxiety-like behavior in juvenile and adolescent BTBR and C57BL/6 mice. Altogether, our data show that NIA has mimetic-, age-, and strain-dependent effects on the development of neonatal reflexes and on exploratory activity in BTBR and C57BL/6 mice.
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Yakhkind A, Niznick N, Bodien YG, Hammond FM, Katz D, Luaute J, McNett M, Naccache L, O'Brien K, Schnakers C, Sharshar T, Slomine BS, Giacino JT. Common Data Elements for Disorders of Consciousness: Recommendations from the Working Group on Behavioral Phenotyping. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:909-917. [PMID: 37726548 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent publication of practice guidelines for management of patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) in the United States and Europe was a major step forward in improving the accuracy and consistency of terminology, diagnostic criteria, and prognostication in this population. There remains a pressing need for a more precise brain injury classification system that combines clinical semiology with neuroimaging, electrophysiologic, and other biomarker data. To address this need, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke launched the Common Data Elements (CDEs) initiative to facilitate systematic collection of high-quality research data in studies involving patients with neurological disease. The Neurocritical Care Society's Curing Coma Campaign expanded this effort in 2018 to develop CDEs for DoC. Herein, we present CDE recommendations for behavioral phenotyping of patients with DoC. METHODS The Behavioral Phenotyping Workgroup used a preestablished, five-step process to identify and select candidate CDEs that included review of existing National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke CDEs, nomination and systematic vetting of new CDEs, CDE classification, iterative review, and approval of panel recommendations and development of corresponding case review forms. RESULTS We identified a slate of existing and newly proposed basic, supplemental, and exploratory CDEs that can be used for behavioral phenotyping of adult and pediatric patients with DoC. CONCLUSIONS The proposed behavioral phenotyping CDEs will assist with international harmonization of DoC studies and allow for more precise characterization of study cohorts, favorably impacting observational studies and clinical trials aimed at improving outcome in this population.
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Sawada A, Dorcas U, Horie Y. Behavioral profile alterations and predation susceptibility of Japanese medaka fish exposed to phenytoin, an antiepileptic drug. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104474. [PMID: 38763435 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs, such as phenytoin, are often leaked into aquatic systems through sewage facilities due to their low metabolic rate. Fish, such as the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), demonstrate abnormal swimming behavior such as equilibrium abnormalities, rotational behavior, and vertical swimming, when exposed to phenytoin. Therefore, it is hypothesized that predator avoidance may be hindered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phenytoin exposure-induced behavioral abnormalities in predator avoidance in Japanese medaka. The results showed that individuals with behavioral abnormalities had a reduced ability to avoid danger. Furthermore, the fish demonstrated a delayed recognition reaction to approaching predators. Additionally, predatory fish, such as silver pike characin (Ctenolucius hujeta), were more likely to prey upon abnormal individuals. In conclusion, the fish exposed to phenytoin demonstrated behavioral changes that increased its predation risk. This study is the first to determine the effects of behavioral abnormalities in Japanese medaka which was induced after phenytoin exposure on predator risk avoidance.
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da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Kim SC, Uner AA, Hou ZS, Young J, Campolim C, Aydogan A, Chung B, Choi A, Yang WM, Kim WS, Prevot V, Caldarone BJ, Lee H, Kim YB. LRP1 in GABAergic neurons is a key link between obesity and memory function. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101941. [PMID: 38636794 PMCID: PMC11058729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) regulates energy homeostasis, blood-brain barrier integrity, and metabolic signaling in the brain. Deficiency of LRP1 in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons causes severe obesity in mice. However, the impact of LRP1 in inhibitory neurons on memory function and cognition in the context of obesity is poorly understood. METHODS Mice lacking LRP1 in GABAergic neurons (Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP) underwent behavioral tests for locomotor activity and motor coordination, short/long-term and spatial memory, and fear learning/memory. This study evaluated the relationships between behavior and metabolic risk factors and followed the mice at 16 and 32 weeks of age. RESULTS Deletion of LRP1 in GABAergic neurons caused a significant impairment in memory function in 32-week-old mice. In the spatial Y-maze test, Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice exhibited decreased travel distance and duration in the novel arm compared with controls (LRP1loxP/loxP mice). In addition, GABAergic neuron-specific LRP1-deficient mice showed a diminished capacity for performing learning and memory tasks during the water T-maze test. Moreover, reduced freezing time was observed in these mice during the contextual and cued fear conditioning tests. These effects were accompanied by increased neuronal necrosis and satellitosis in the hippocampus. Importantly, the distance and duration in the novel arm, as well as the performance of the reversal water T-maze test, negatively correlated with metabolic risk parameters, including body weight, serum leptin, insulin, and apolipoprotein J. However, in 16-week-old Vgat-Cre; LRP1loxP/loxP mice, there were no differences in the behavioral tests or correlations between metabolic parameters and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that LRP1 from GABAergic neurons is important in regulating normal learning and memory. Metabolically, obesity caused by GABAergic LRP1 deletion negatively regulates memory and cognitive function in an age-dependent manner. Thus, LRP1 in GABAergic neurons may play a crucial role in maintaining normal excitatory/inhibitory balance, impacting memory function, and reinforcing the potential importance of LRP1 in neural system integrity.
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Batool R, Tian Q, Zhou E, Hasan N. Impact of internal identity asymmetry on employee's behaviors and feelings: A mediating role of psychological distress. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31438. [PMID: 38807868 PMCID: PMC11130678 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals may experience internal identity asymmetry when they feel misidentified and believe their colleagues do not recognize their work-related identities. This research examines the impact of internal identity asymmetry on their behavior and emotional outcomes at the workplace in Pakistan. Data was collected through a survey and received responses from 393 participants at different levels of management in various sectors of Pakistan. A partial least square-based structural equation modeling technique has been used to validate the proposed research model and develop hypotheses. The findings indicate that psychological distress has a positive indirect effect on both outcomes, such as individual work performance and well-being during personal and professional base asymmetries time. The result indicates that employees face psychological distress while experiencing internal identity asymmetries, which may decrease the performance and well-being of the employees. Findings highlight the importance of coping strategies in improving the performance and well-being of employees. Managers can be supportive in maintaining a positive workplace environment where individuals can have a more accurate self-perception and a better understanding of their colleagues' perspectives. This, in turn, enables them to adopt appropriate coping strategies to enhance both performance and well-being.
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Sabry FM, Masoud MA, Georgy GS. Caffeine affects the neuro behavioral impact of sodium benzoate in adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 832:137801. [PMID: 38685377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The continuous high intake of caffeinated products may harm CNS. Sodium benzoate (SB), broadly used for food preservation, may also have an impact. The current research studied the influence of caffeine and two doses of SB during adolescence period on behavior and brain alterations. Adolescent rats (90-120 gm) were exposed to vehicle, SB 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o, caffeine (30 mg/kg, i.p), SB 100 or 400 + caffeine for 28 days. Locomotor performances were assessed by the open field, learning and memory were considered with novel object and y-maze, while anxiety was evaluated by light and dark as well as successive allays tests. The results showed that the motor activity of adolescent rats increased with each single treatment. Recognition memory was improved by SB100 and its combination with caffeine while working memory was reduced by SB (100 or 400) combination with caffeine compared with caffeine group. The anxiolytic effect of caffeine was reduced by SB co-treatment in either dose. Concerning biochemical study in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, oxidative biomarkers as well as Cholinesterase content were elevated due to SB400 + caffeine. Dopamine content was almost elevated by all treatments in both regions while GABA content was increased in the frontal cortex only. The obtained results pointed to histopathological changes as a result of brain oxidative stress and undesirable working memory consequences due to caffeine administration with SB, mostly the large dose. The outcomes propose new recommendations to evade the consolidation between processed nourishment and caffeinated beverages during adolescence.
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Werk RS, Heneghan MB, Badawy SM. Use of Patient-Centered Technology and Digital Interventions in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024:10.1007/s11899-024-00732-z. [PMID: 38806875 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-024-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As society continues to advance in technology, it is important to address how this advancement can impact and enhance patient care. The purpose of this review is to identify patient-centered technology currently available for adult and pediatric patients with and those having survived hematologic malignancies. Given that patients with hematologic malignancies often have to adhere to strenuous medication regimens, coordinate care with many different providers, manage symptoms associated with treatment, and manage late effects associated with survivorship, they would benefit greatly from patient-centered technology aimed at decreasing these burdens. RECENT FINDINGS This review found various available digital interventions for this patient population and focuses on an overview of commercially available smartphone applications, patient portals, and technology for remote monitoring. In summary, many digital interventions exist for use in the medical care of oncology patients. The incorporation of these interventions can allow for more personalized medical care, better organization of treatment plans by caregivers at home, and easy delivery of accurate medical information.
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Derby L, Connell Bohlen L, Michie S, Johnston M, Birk JL, Rothman AJ, Cornelius T. Linking measures to mechanisms of action in behavior change: A qualitative analysis of expert views. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:117023. [PMID: 38820694 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Testing mechanisms of action (MoAs) hypothesized to underlie behavior change can enhance intervention effectiveness. Rigorous measurement of putative mechanisms is critical to this effort, but measures are rarely validated with respect to target MoAs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate challenges of linking measures to putative MoAs and to identify priorities for future research. METHOD This study was a systematic exploration of written comments by experts in behavioral intervention research and theories of behavior change (N = 20) capturing their opinions about a task querying whether self-report measures from the Science Of Behavior Change (SOBC) Measures Repository were related to a set of MoAs identified by the Human Behaviour Change Project (HBCP). RESULTS Six themes were identified: 1) Study Value, 2) Measure Properties, 3) Mechanism Properties, 4) Miscellaneous Measure Concerns, 5) Conceptual Challenges, and 6) Approaches to Developing Measure-Mechanism Links. Experts noted challenges such as lack of measure validation, poor measure properties (e.g., double-barreled items), overly broad MoA definitions that limited their utility, lack of clarity around the term "related," and more. Nonetheless, experts expressed the importance of the exercise. Suggestions included developing and refining measures that are validate for assessing MoAs, clarifying and elaborating MoA definitions, and conducting further, more granular research. CONCLUSION This systematic examination of expert comments highlights issues that need further investigation to advance behavioral science, specifically pertaining to identifying valid measures of MoAs in behavioral and process research. This study highlights the challenges and opportunities for future research on linking measures and MoA in behavioral science and subsequently enhancing the efficacy of behavioral interventions.
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Tsakiris P, Damalas CA, Koutroubas SD. Risk perception and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in pesticide use: does risk shape farmers' safety behavior? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38803231 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2359076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Risk perception and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in pesticide use were studied in 109 farmers of northern Greece. Farmers differed in the levels of pesticide risk perception, with 26.6% showing very low and low levels, 34.9% showing moderate levels, and 38.5% showing high and very high levels. Pesticide risk perception was positively correlated with education and large cultivated area, but negatively with age and non-farming as a main profession. Most farmers (82.6%) showed adequate use of PPE (mostly face mask and gloves). The use of PPE was positively correlated with education and risk perception, but negatively with age and non-farming as a main profession. Farmers with high levels of risk perception used 1.3 and 2.6 times more PPE items than those with moderate and low levels of risk perception, respectively. High education was a positive predictor, whereas main profession other than farming was a negative predictor of PPE use.
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Venticinque JS, McMillan SJ, Guyer AE. Expanding understanding of adolescent neural sensitivity to peers: Using social information processing theory to generate new lines of research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101395. [PMID: 38823235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of normative heightened sensitivity to peer influence. Individual differences in susceptibility to peers is related to individual differences in neural sensitivity, particularly in brain regions that support an increasingly greater orientation toward peers. Despite these empirically-established patterns, the more specific psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors associated with individual differences in neural sensitivity to peer influence are just beginning to gain research attention. Specific features of the factors that contribute to how adolescents process social information can inform understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes involved in what renders adolescents to be more or less susceptible to peer influences. In this paper, we (1) review the literature about peer, family, and broader contextual influences on sensitivity to peers' positive and negative behaviors, (2) outline components of social information processing theories, and (3) discuss features of these models from the perspectives and social cognitive development and social neuroscience. We identify gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in order to gain a more comprehensive view of adolescent neural sensitivity to peer influence. We conclude by suggesting how future neuroimaging studies can adopt components of this social information processing model to generate new lines of research.
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Hewitt TL, Johnson PD, Buntin M, Moore TY, Ó Foighil D. Polymorphism in the aggressive mimicry lure of the parasitic freshwater mussel Lampsilis fasciola. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17359. [PMID: 38803583 PMCID: PMC11129695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Unionoid freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) are free-living apart from a brief, obligately parasitic, larval stage that infects fish hosts, and gravid female mussels have evolved a spectrum of strategies to infect fish hosts with their larvae. In many North American species, this involves displaying a mantle lure: a pigmented fleshy extension that acts as an aggressive mimic of a host fish prey, thereby eliciting a feeding response that results in host infection. The mantle lure of Lampsilis fasciola is of particular interest because it is apparently polymorphic, with two distinct primary lure phenotypes. One, described as "darter-like", has "eyespots", a mottled body coloration, prominent marginal extensions, and a distinct "tail". The other, described as "worm-like", lacks those features and has an orange and black coloration. We investigated this phenomenon using genomics, captive rearing, biogeographic, and behavioral analyses. Within-brood lure variation and within-population phylogenomic (ddRAD-seq) analyses of individuals bearing different lures confirmed that this phenomenon is a true polymorphism. The relative abundance of the two morphs appears stable over ecological timeframes: the ratio of the two lure phenotypes in a River Raisin (MI) population in 2017 was consistent with that of museum samples collected at the same site six decades earlier. Within the River Raisin, four main "darter-like" lure motifs visually approximated four co-occurring darter species (Etheostoma blennioides, E. exile, E. microperca, and Percina maculata), and the "worm-like" lure resembled a widespread common leech, Macrobdella decora. Darters and leeches are typical prey of Micropterus dolomieui (smallmouth bass), the primary fish host of L. fasciola. In situ field recordings of the L. fasciola "darter" and "leech" lure display behaviors, and the lure display of co-occurring congener L. cardium, were captured. Despite having putative models in distinct phyla, both L. fasciola lure morphs have largely similar display behaviors that differ significantly from that of sympatric L. cardium individuals. Some minor differences in the behavior between the two L. fasciola morphs were observed, but we found no clear evidence for a behavioral component of the polymorphism given the criteria measured. Discovery of discrete within-brood inheritance of the lure polymorphism implies potential control by a single genetic locus and identifies L. fasciola as a promising study system to identify regulatory genes controlling a key adaptive trait of freshwater mussels.
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Trepanowski N, Hathaway CA, Chang MS, Hay JL, Samatham R, Geller AC, Swetter SM, Tworoger SS, Kanetsky PA, Leachman SA, Hartman RI. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on sun habits of patients with melanoma: a cross-sectional study. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:221. [PMID: 38787523 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
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McMahon CL, Hurley EM, Muniz Perez A, Estrada M, Lodge DJ, Hsieh J. Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection results in neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in mice. JCI Insight 2024:e179068. [PMID: 38781563 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to viral pathogens has been known to cause the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. Furthermore, COVID-19 has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations, raising the question of whether in utero SARS-CoV-2 exposure can affect neurodevelopment, resulting in long-lasting behavioral and cognitive deficits. Using a human ACE-2-knock-in mouse model, we have previously shown that prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 at later stages of development leads to fetal brain infection and gliosis in the hippocampus and cortex. In this study, we aimed to determine if infection of the fetal brain results in long-term neuroanatomical alterations of the cortex and hippocampus, as well as any cognitive deficits in adulthood. Here, we show that infected mice developed slower and weighed less in adulthood. We also found altered hippocampal and amygdala volume and aberrant newborn neuron morphology in the hippocampus of adult mice infected in utero. Furthermore, we observed sex-dependent alterations in anxiety-like behavior and locomotion, as well as hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. Taken together, our study revealed long-lasting neurological and cognitive changes as a result of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection, identifying a window for early intervention and highlighting the importance of immunization and antiviral intervention in pregnant women.
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Kautz-Turnbull C, Rogge RD, Petrenko CLM. Child Ability and Parental Attributions: Development and Validation of the Reasons for Children's Behavior Scale. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01713-2. [PMID: 38767735 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Parent attributions for children's behavior affect parenting practices and emotional reactions. The current study aimed to create a new measure of parental attributions, called the Reasons for Children's Behavior (RCB), to capture how parents take developmental ability into account when making attributions for specific behaviors. A 224-item survey was completed by 836 participants, including original items and established parent attribution and parenting construct scales. Exploratory factor analyses and item-response theory analyses were utilized to develop the RCB, which includes 30 items comprising seven subscales. The RCB demonstrated an extremely stable factor structure, high levels of internal consistency across 25 demographic groups, reasonable test-retest correlations across 2 weeks, appropriate convergent and discriminant validity, and unique predictive validity (i.e., incremental validity). The RCB offers researchers and clinicians a novel tool to better understand how parent attributions for child behavior impact parenting and larger family dynamics.
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Almulhim AN, Alhowaish A, Madani A, AlQaddan M, Altuwalah AS, Goyder E. Feasibility and acceptability of a tailored health coaching intervention to improve type 2 diabetes self-management in Saudi Arabia: a mixed-methods randomised feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078631. [PMID: 38760053 PMCID: PMC11103237 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around one-third of the population of Saudi Arabia have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, a condition often requiring lifestyle changes. Personalised health coaching, a strategy developed to assist individuals in overcoming challenges to adopt healthy behaviours, has not yet been widely applied in the country. AIMS We aim to explore the feasibility and acceptability of tailored health coaching in Saudi Arabia, in order to help those with type 2 diabetes to more effectively manage their condition. METHODS Using a mixed-methods approach, this research involved a randomised controlled trial with 30 Saudi adults who have type 2 diabetes. They were randomly allocated into either the intervention or control arm for 12 weeks. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour framework was used to guide the intervention implementation along with the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy V.1. The primary goal was to assess the suitability and duration of the intervention, recruitment, retention and completion rates. The secondary outcome focused on the preliminary efficacy of the health coaching measured by the glycaemic index, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weight, patient self-efficacy and diabetes self-management. RESULTS The results showed high rates of eligibility, recruitment and retention (a screening rate of 90%, a recruiting rate of 79% and a retention rate of 97%). Notable improvements were observed in the health coaching group across five outcomes: haemoglobin A1c, BMI, waist circumference, patient self-efficacy and diabetes self-care. Qualitative findings highlighted the participants' perceived benefits from the intervention, including enhanced motivation, better understanding of diabetes management and a supportive coaching relationship. Participants expressed high satisfaction with the intervention and advocated for its expansion. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated positive outcomes, supporting the need for a larger randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of health coaching in improving diabetes self-management among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.
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Hedstrom E, Kostyrka-Allchorne K, French B, Glazebrook C, Hall CL, Kovshoff H, Lean N, Sonuga-Barke E. Process evaluation of a Structured E-parenting Support (STEPS) in the OPTIMA randomised controlled trial: a protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081563. [PMID: 38760045 PMCID: PMC11103228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structured E-parenting Support (STEPS) is a digital application (app) designed to help parents manage behaviour of their children who are referred to mental health services and are waiting for an assessment or treatment. STEPS is currently being evaluated in the Online Parent Training for the Initial Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder randomised controlled trial. Alongside the examination of STEPS' clinical and cost-effectiveness, we are conducting a process evaluation to better understand the contextual factors that may influence study outcomes. The purpose of this protocol is to describe the aims, objectives and methodology of the process evaluation prior to it taking place to add to the fidelity and rigour of the trial process and outcomes. Our goal is to adapt STEPS to optimise its benefits in future applications. METHODS In line with the Medical Research Council guidelines for evaluating complex interventions, the process evaluation will adopt a mixed method design using qualitative data collected from clinicians and parent interviews and app usage data from participants assigned to the intervention arm. ANALYSIS Qualitative data from semistructured interviews and free text box responses included in trial questionnaires will be analysed thematically using framework analysis to better understand how parents use STEPS, how it works and key factors that could aid or hinder its effective implementation in routine clinical practice. ETHICS The application for ethical approval for the study was submitted to the North West-Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee and received a favourable opinion on further information on 26 November 2021, reference number 21/NW/0319. DISSEMINATION The process evaluation aims to explore how a digital app might support parents in managing their child's behaviour. Implications for policy and research will be explored and the clinical implications of offering the app to a wider audience to address the lack of support to parents as highlighted in this paper. We plan to publish findings in international, peer-reviewed journals as well as present at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial has been prospectively registered on 18 November 2021; ISRCTN816523503. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16523503.
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Bawazir A, Idid SA. The impact of third-person effect on social networking sites privacy risks and protective measures adoption among Yemeni students in Malaysia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30386. [PMID: 38726139 PMCID: PMC11079095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation utilized the Third-Person Effect (TPE) theory to comprehend how individuals perceive the impact of Social Networking Sites (SNS) privacy risks on themselves versus others. The TPE theory posits that individuals tend to believe that media messages, particularly negative ones, exert a diminished or negligible influence on themselves but wield a substantial impact on others. First introduced by Davison in 1983, this theory has historically been employed to examine perceived negative influences in media content, such as stereotyping and pornography. The current study focuses on the perceptions of individuals regarding the influence of SNS privacy risks, specifically among Yemeni students in Malaysia. The study aimed to achieve three primary objectives: Firstly, to investigate whether individuals perceive SNS privacy risks as affecting others more than themselves. Secondly, to examine the connection between the difference in perceived risk between oneself and others and the likelihood of recommending SNS privacy protective measures to others, and Thirdly, to evaluate the relationship between the difference in perceived risk between oneself and others and the likelihood of adopting SNS privacy protective measures for oneself. Through judgmental sampling, a total of 387 participants took part in the study, involving the distribution of an online questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The results of the study indicate a pronounced Third-Person Effect concerning SNS privacy risks among Yemeni students. Additionally, the study revealed that these students not only recommended privacy-protective measures to others but did not adopt the same measures for themselves. In summary, the findings support the validity of the Third-Person Effect (TPE) theory in the context of SNS privacy risks, suggesting that individuals tend to perceive the impact more on others than on themselves when experiencing fear.
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Schwartzer JJ, Church JS, Russo JN, Ragoonaden S. Offspring behavioral outcomes following maternal allergic asthma in the IL-4-deficient mouse. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 390:578341. [PMID: 38613873 PMCID: PMC11088503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Maternal allergic asthma (MAA) during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, and rodent studies have demonstrated that inducing a T helper-2-mediated allergic response during pregnancy leads to an offspring behavioral phenotype characterized by decreased social interaction and increased stereotypies. The interleukin (IL)-4 cytokine is hypothesized to mediate the neurobehavioral impact of MAA on offspring. Utilizing IL-4 knockout mice, this study assessed whether MAA without IL-4 signaling would still impart behavioral deficits. C57 and IL-4 knockout female mice were sensitized to ovalbumin, exposed to repeated MAA inductions, and their offspring performed social, cognitive, and motor tasks. Only C57 offspring of MAA dams displayed social and cognitive deficits, while IL-4 knockout mice showed altered motor activity compared with C57 mice. These findings highlight a key role for IL-4 signaling in MAA-induced behavioral deficits and more broadly in normal brain development.
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