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Lee J, Austin RR, Mathiason MA, Monsen KA. Prioritizing nutrition interventions for low-income clients receiving public health nurses' home visiting services: a latent class analysis study of Omaha System data. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1794-1800. [PMID: 37187156 PMCID: PMC10586036 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify phenotypes of nutritional needs of home-visited clients with low income, and compare overall changes in knowledge, behavior, and status of nutritional needs before and after home visits by identified phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Omaha System data collected by public health nurses from 2013 to 2018 were used in this secondary data analysis study. A total of 900 low-income clients were included in the analysis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify phenotypes of nutrition symptoms or signs. Score changes in knowledge, behavior, and status were compared by phenotype. RESULTS The five subgroups included Unbalanced Diet, Overweight, Underweight, Hyperglycemia with Adherence, and Hyperglycemia without Adherence. Only the Unbalanced Diet and Underweight groups showed an increase in knowledge. No other changes in behavior and status were observed in any of the phenotypes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This LCA using standardized Omaha System Public Health Nursing data allowed us to identify phenotypes of nutritional needs among home-visited clients with low income and prioritize nutrition areas that public health nurses may focus on as part of public health nursing interventions. The sub-optimal changes in knowledge, behavior, and status suggest a need to re-examine the intervention details by phenotype and develop strategies to tailor public health nursing interventions to effectively meet the diverse nutritional needs of home-visited clients.
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Campbell KA. Her strength: Reflections on nurse home-visiting. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:766-768. [PMID: 37289142 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted parenting intervention designed to improve maternal and child health. In Canada it is delivered exclusively by public health nurses who provide complex care to adolescent girls and young women. A process evaluation was conducted to better understand the experiences of public health nurses delivering the Nurse-Family Partnership program in Canada. Although the traditional qualitative data analysis led to the creation of significant findings and clinical implications, it lacked the "heart" of public health nursing practice. Through a reflective process, and to present an evocative account of the multifaceted nursing care provided by the study participants, direct quotes were used to create a poetic display of nurses' experiences. Through the power of found poetry, the complexities of clients' lives, as well as the challenges and joys of home-visitation nursing, were illuminated.
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Yoshioka-Maeda K, Katayama T, Fujii H, Shiomi M, Hosoya N, Mayama T. Effectiveness of a web-based learning program for promoting local healthcare planning competencies. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:685-695. [PMID: 37482903 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a web-based educational program regarding local healthcare planning by public health nurses (PHNs) in Japan. DESIGN A single-blind randomized controlled trial. SAMPLE Full-time PHNs working for local governments across Japan. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was nurses' self-perception of competencies in public health policy. The secondary outcome was self-perception of knowledge, skills, and perspectives regarding local healthcare planning. We analyzed intergroup differences using the intention-to-treat principle and the Mann-Whitney U-test. INTERVENTION The intervention group received six web-based learning modules including substantial knowledge and skills regarding local healthcare planning based on the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model and adult learning theory. RESULTS Totally, 273 PHNs registered, and 38 were excluded without completing the baseline survey; 235 were randomly allocated to either the intervention (n = 118) or control (n = 117) groups. Sixty-four participants in the intervention group completed the program. Over 70% of the participants lacked opportunities to learn about local healthcare planning. The intervention group showed significant improvement in self-perception of competencies, knowledge, and skills regarding local healthcare planning, except for items related to evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The web-based learning program effectively improved participants' self-perception of competencies in local healthcare planning.
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Pirsch AM, Austin RR, Martin L, Pieczkiewicz D, Monsen KA. Using data visualization to characterize whole-person health of public health nurses. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:612-620. [PMID: 37424148 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize patterns in whole-person health of public health nurses (PHNs). DESIGN AND SAMPLE Survey of a convenience sample of PHNs (n = 132) in 2022. PHNs self-identified as female (96.2%), white (86.4%), between the ages 25-44 (54.5%) and 45-64 (40.2%), had bachelor's degrees (65.9%) and incomes of $50-75,000 (30.3%) and $75-100,000/year (29.5%). MEASUREMENTS Simplified Omaha System Terms (SOST) within the MyStrengths+MyHealth assessment of whole-person health (strengths, challenges, and needs) across Environmental, Psychosocial, Physiological, and Health-related Behaviors domains. RESULTS PHNs had more strengths than challenges; and more challenges than needs. Four patterns were discovered: (1) inverse relationship between strengths and challenges/needs; (2) Many strengths; (3) High needs in Income; (4) Fewest strengths in Sleeping, Emotions, Nutrition, and Exercise. PHNs with Income as a strength (n = 79) had more strengths (t = 5.570, p < .001); fewer challenges (t = -5.270, p < .001) and needs (t = -3.659, p < .001) compared to others (n = 53). CONCLUSIONS PHNs had many strengths compared to previous research with other samples, despite concerning patterns of challenges and needs. Most PHN whole-person health patterns aligned with previous literature. Further research is needed to validate and extend these findings toward improving PHN health.
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Castner J, Stanislo K, Castner M, Monsen KA. Public health nursing workforce and learning needs: A national sample survey analysis. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:339-352. [PMID: 36683284 PMCID: PMC10328423 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generate national estimates of the public health nursing workforce's (1) demographic and work characteristics and (2) continuing education learning needs in the United States. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. SAMPLE Total 7352 of the 50,273 survey respondents were categorized as public health nurses (PHNs), representing an estimated 467,271 national workforce. MEASUREMENTS Survey items for demographics, practice setting, training topics, and language(s) spoken fluently were analyzed. RESULTS Workforce demographic characteristics are included. Mental health training was the most frequently endorsed topic by PHNs, followed by patient-centered care and evidence-based care. Training topic needs vary by practice setting. CONCLUSIONS Results here can be used as a needs assessment for national public health nursing professional development and education initiatives. Further research is needed to refine and survey a nationally representative sample in a manner meaningful to public health nursing practice.
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Kodama S, Uwatoko F, Koriyama C. Relationship between changes in the public health nurses' workforce and the empirical Bayes estimates of standardized mortality ratio: a longitudinal ecological study of municipalities in Japan. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:266. [PMID: 36932374 PMCID: PMC10022064 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of public health nurses (PHNs) in the community is expected to become increasingly important, along with the promotion of a comprehensive community care system. However, a comprehensive study of all municipalities is yet to be undertaken, and the relationship between the workforce of PHNs and health indicators is yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of workforce change among PHNs, one of the structural indicators of PHNs' activities regarding changes in the empirical Bayes estimate of standardized mortality ratios (EBSMRs). METHODS An ecological study was conducted using municipality-level aggregate data. The data used were publicly available Japanese government statistics. The first-difference model of panel data analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in EBSMR and changes in the number of PHNs per 100,000 population from 2010 to 2015, adjusting for the effects of population and other healthcare resources, including the number of physicians, medical clinics, general hospitals, and welfare facilities. The variation by the 47 prefectures was added to the linear model as a random effect. We also performed a sensitivity analysis using the full Bayesian inference using the Besag-York-Mollie model. RESULTS For males, EBSMRs for all causes and malignant neoplasms significantly decreased with an increase in the number of PHNs per population (coefficients: -1.00 and -0.89, p values: 0.008 and 0.043, respectively). For females, although all EBSMRs except malignant neoplasms showed decreased tendencies due to the increase in the number of PHNs per population, none of them were significant. The full Bayesian inference confirmed these associations. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the number of PHNs per population was significantly associated with a greater reduction in deaths from all causes and malignant neoplasms in males. The results of the full Bayesian inference also suggest that the workforce of PHNs may be related to changes in standardized mortality ratios for deaths from all causes in females.
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Furushima D, Tateyama M, Chiba T, Ishikawa S, Sonobata A, Hagihara M, Matsutani M, Toyokura S. [Perception of Public Health Nurses on Health Foods and Utilization of Health Food Informationduring Specific Health Guidance]. SHOKUHIN EISEIGAKU ZASSHI. JOURNAL OF THE FOOD HYGIENIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2023; 64:167-173. [PMID: 37880095 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.64.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the awareness of public health nurses (PHNs) regarding health foods and the actual utilization of health food-related information in specific health guidance. A questionnaire survey among PHNs working in municipalities in Kagoshima Prefecture (n=170, response rate; 41.5%) was conducted in September 2022. As a result, 39.4% of the PHNs had experience using health foods, and 43.5% consulted about health food from local residents. Major topics of consultation included effectiveness (78.4%) and drug interactions (35.1%). Approximately 10.2% of the PHNs always confirm the use of health food during specific health guidance, while 41.6% did not ever check. Additionally, 36.3% of the PHN were aware of the obligation to report adverse events caused by health foods to the prefectural governments and Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. The present study showed that recognition and intelligibility on health foods varied among PHNs. Therefore, knowledge acquisition on safety and efficacy is needed for proper use of health foods.
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Valla L, Telle Hjellset V, Cvancarova Småstuen M, Sparboe-Nilsen B. Quality of life and associated factors among Norwegian public health nurse students during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282653. [PMID: 36928254 PMCID: PMC10019636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between quality of life (QOL) and civil status, self-efficacy, loneliness, and physical and mental health among public health nurse (PHN) students during the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. PHN students were recruited from eight universities and university colleges in Norway. A range of potential predictive factors were entered into a model using a stepwise linear regression approach. In general, the PHN students reported a high level of QOL during the first month of the pandemic. The students' civil status, perceived physical health, self-efficacy and loneliness were all significantly correlated with QOL. Among these, the strongest predictive factors for QOL were found to be perceived loneliness and self-efficacy. Our results provide insight into the QOL of PHN students, which managers in the higher education sector can use to outline specific coping strategies that can help students during a pandemic.
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Yokomizo A, Nagae H, Athurupana R, Nakatsuka M. Collaborative support for child abuse prevention: Perspectives of public health nurses and midwives regarding pregnant and postpartum women of concern. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281362. [PMID: 36877696 PMCID: PMC9987797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Child abuse is a globally prevalent problem, and its numbers have continuously increased in Japan over the past 30 years. Prevention of child abuse depends on the support available to pregnant and postpartum women from the time of pregnancy. Public health nurses and midwives are expected to provide preventive support in cooperation, as they can support pregnant and postpartum women from close proximity and recognize their health problems and potential signs of child abuse. This study aimed to deduce the characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women of concern, as observed by public health nurses and midwives, from the perspective of child abuse prevention. The participants comprised ten public health nurses and ten midwives with five or more years of experience working at the Okayama Prefecture municipal health centers and obstetric medical institutions. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview survey and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively using an inductive approach. The characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women, as confirmed by public health nurses, included four main categories: having "difficulties in daily life;" "a sense of discomfort of not feeling like a normal pregnant woman;" "difficulty in child-rearing behavior;" and "multiple risk factors checked by objective indicators using an assessment tool." The characteristics observed by midwives were grouped into four main categories: "mental and physical safety of the mother is in jeopardy;" have "difficulty in child-rearing behavior;" "difficulties in maintaining relationships with the surrounding people;" and "multiple risk factors recognized by an assessment tool." Public health nurses evaluated pregnant and postpartum women's daily life factors, while midwives evaluated the mothers' health conditions, their feelings toward the fetus, and stable child-rearing skills. To prevent child abuse, they utilized their respective specialties to observe those pregnant and postpartum women of concern with multiple risk factors.
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Hosoya N, Sato N, Sugimoto K, Amamiya Y, Taira M. [Public health nurses' activities during normal times and factors associated with their promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 69:606-616. [PMID: 35545512 DOI: 10.11236/jph.21-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective To clarify the actual state of activities conducted by public health nurses (PHNs) during normal times and assess factors related to the implementation of such activities for the promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters, across different municipalities in Japan.Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional self-report questionnaire survey of PHNs in 1,463 municipalities. The questionnaires included descriptions of municipalities, activities related to disaster prevention and the rationale for them, and the details of activities that were being conducted to promote residents' mutual support in times of disaster. We conducted multiple logistic analyses to examine the associated factors.Results We analyzed 535 responses (valid response rate of 36.6%). The proportion of municipalities in which oriented district activity systems and oriented business activity systems were used jointly by PHNs was 81.7%. The proportion of municipalities in which PHNs participated in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans was 31.6%. "Individual support" would be implemented for persons requiring support in evacuation activities in 41.7% of municipalities; "cooperative support for community organizations," in 34.8%; and other "activities for the purpose of residents' mutual support," in 29.9%. Reasons for not implementing such measures included "outside the division of duties" and "having no contact with residents' organizations." Logistic regression analyses showed that the oriented district activity system, participation of PHNs in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans, and preparation of an activity manual on disaster countermeasures for PHNs were significantly associated with the performance of activities during normal times for promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters.Conclusion Our findings clarified that the PHNs' activities during normal times for the promotion of residents' mutual support during disasters were not carried out sufficiently. It is important to review activities according to the district, to ensure supervisory PHNs play a greater role, to provide external support to municipalities for the participation of PHNs in the formulation of regional disaster prevention plans, and to prepare an activity manual on disaster countermeasures for PHNs.
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Nishitani R, Tabuchi S, Tsukinoki R. [The practice of providing continuous employment support for the mentally handicapped by public health nurses]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 69:536-543. [PMID: 35400727 DOI: 10.11236/jph.21-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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Iwasaki-Motegi R, Yoshioka-Maeda K, Honda C, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Prefectural public health nurses' support in human resource development of municipal public health nurses in Japan. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 69:417-423. [PMID: 35400724 DOI: 10.11236/jph.21-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the support extended by prefectural public health nurses (PHNs) toward the human resource development (HRD) of municipal PHNs in Japan.Methods We performed a qualitative descriptive study involving nine prefectural PHNs from April 2019 to May 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide, described qualitatively, coded, and then categorized.Results Five categories were extracted. "Clarifying the needs and problems related to HRD and daily PHN activities in the municipalities," "Creating an environment where all municipal PHNs have equal opportunities for off-the-job training," and "Helping municipal PHNs recognize the meaning of practice and develop an evaluation perspective" were extracted from the prefectural government PHNs and prefectural health center (HC) PHNs. "Clarifying problems and future prospects to encourage the growth of PHNs" and "Creating an environment where the significance and value of the activities of PHNs are recognized within the organization and HRD can easily take place" were extracted from the HC PHNs.Conclusion Much of the HRD support provided by the prefectural PHNs to the municipal PHNs was analogous to the PHN activities provided to the community and residents. To promote HRD effectively, prefectural PHNs should apply their individual care skills to the HRD of municipal PHNs.
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Monsen KA. Trust, Translation, and Transparency in Public Health Nurse Family Home Visiting. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S220-S221. [PMID: 35679571 PMCID: PMC9184908 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Harris OO, Taylor KD, Maher A, Willard-Grace R. Health Coaching Across the Stages of Vaccine Readiness and Action: A Practical Guide for Public Health Nurses. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S245-S249. [PMID: 35679570 PMCID: PMC9184909 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Van Lieshout RJ, Layton H, Savoy CD, Haber E, Feller A, Biscaro A, Bieling PJ, Ferro MA. Public Health Nurse-delivered Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 67:432-440. [PMID: 35060398 PMCID: PMC9152236 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221074426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for postpartum depression (PPD) delivered by public health nurses with little to no previous psychiatric training at improving depression, worry, social support and the mother-infant relationship. METHODS Mothers (n = 141) living in Ontario, Canada with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Scores ≥10 and an infant <12 months of age were randomized to receive nine weekly 2-h sessions of in-person group CBT for PPD delivered by two public health nurses plus treatment as usual (TAU; experimental group) or TAU alone (control group). Primary outcomes were change in EPDS score and current major depressive disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) assessed immediately post-treatment (T2). Secondary outcomes included maternal worry, social support, and quality of the mother-infant relationship. All outcomes were assessed again six months post-treatment (T3). RESULTS Participants in the experimental group had statistically significantly greater reductions in PPD symptoms immediately post-treatment (T2) (B = -5.35, p < 0.01), were more likely to manifest a clinically significant improvement in EPDS scores (≥4 points; OR = 3.44, 95%CI: 1.49-7.94), and no longer have symptoms consistent with current MDD (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: 1.78-15.83). Six months post-treatment (T3), experimental group participants had higher odds of clinically significant PPD improvement (OR = 5.10, 95%CI: 1.89-13.78), while 25% of the experimental group and 70% of remaining control group participants reported current MDD (p < 0.01). Statistically significant improvements in worry and the mother-infant relationship were also observed, decreases maintained at six months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Public health nurses with little to no previous psychiatric training can be trained to deliver effective group CBT for PPD to improve depression, worry, and the mother-infant relationship. Task shifting PPD treatment with group CBT to public health nurses could improve treatment uptake and lead to better outcomes for mothers, families, and the healthcare system.(Trial Registration NCT03039530).
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Monsen KA, Waters CM, McCauley LA. Public Health Nurses: The Most Essential Single Factor. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S213. [PMID: 35679554 PMCID: PMC9184922 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huling JD, Austin RR, Lu SC, Doran MM, Swarr VJ, Monsen KA. Public Health Nurse Tailored Home Visiting and Parenting Behavior for Families at Risk for Referral to Child Welfare Services, Colorado: 2018-2019. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S306-S313. [PMID: 35679563 PMCID: PMC9184901 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine public health nurse (PHN) intervention tailoring through the Colorado Nurse Support Program (NSP). Our 2 specific aims were to describe the NSP program and its outcomes and to determine the effects of modifying interventions on short- and long-term outcomes among NSP clients. Methods. In our retrospective causal investigation of 150 families in Colorado in 2018-2019, intervention effects were modeled via longitudinal modified treatment policy analyses. Results. Families served by PHNs improved in terms of knowledge, behavior, and status outcomes after receiving multidimensional, tailored home visiting interventions. Case management interventions provided in the first month of PHN home visits had lasting effects on behavior outcomes, and 2 additional case management interventions in the first month were estimated to have even more of an impact. Conclusions. Modern causal inference methods and real-world PHN data revealed a nuanced, fine-grained understanding of the real impact of tailored PHN interventions. Public Health Implications PHN programs such as the NSP and use of the Omaha System should be supported and extended to advance evaluations of intervention effectiveness and knowledge discovery and improve population health. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S306-S313. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306792).
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Kneipp SM, Edmonds JK, Cooper J, Campbell LA, Little SH, Mix AK. Enumeration of Public Health Nurses in the United States: Limits of Current Standards. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S292-S297. [PMID: 35679547 PMCID: PMC9184893 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent national initiatives in nursing and public health have emphasized the need for a robust public health nursing (PHN) workforce. In this article, we analyze the extent to which recent national enumeration surveys base their counts of this workforce on the definitions, scope, and standards for practice and practice competencies of the PHN nursing specialty. By and large, enumeration surveys continue to rely on practice setting to define the PHN workforce, which is an insufficient approach for meeting the goals of major nursing and public health initiatives. We make recommendations for the development of new standards for PHN enumeration to strengthen the broader public health infrastructure and evaluate PHN contributions to population-level outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S292-S297. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306782).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethical sensitivity is a prerequisite for ethical nursing practices. Efforts to improve nurses' ethical sensitivity are required to correctly recognise ethical conflicts and for sound decision-making. Because an emerging infectious disease response involves complex ethical issues, it is important to understand the factors that influence public health nurses' ethical sensitivity while caring for patients with COVID-19, an emerging infectious disease. OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify the relationship between nursing professionalism, the organisation's ethical climate, and the ethical sensitivity of nurses who care for emerging infectious disease patients in Korean public health centres. Further, it sought to identify factors influencing ethical sensitivity and the mediating effect of the organisational ethical climate to inform guidelines and improve ethical sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT Data were collected from February 3 to 8 March 2021. Participants included 167 nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in public health centres in South Korea. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Chung-Ang University and followed the principles of research ethics. RESULTS The factors influencing ethical sensitivity were working at a COVID-19 disease direct response department, nursing professionalism, and organisation's ethical climate. The organisation's ethical climate showed a partial mediating effect on the influence of nursing professionalism on ethical sensitivity. CONCLUSION Our findings show that nurses' ethical sensitivity can be improved by refining the organisation's ethical climate and nursing professionalism.
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Yokoyama Y, Hatakeyama N, Murakami N. [Perceptual changes among public health nurses brought on through a newly adopted system for providing continuous support in the municipality: Modelled at its core on Finnish practice for maternity and child health clinics (Neuvola)]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 69:357-367. [PMID: 35296591 DOI: 10.11236/jph.21-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study targeted public health nurses in a Japanese municipality that had newly adopted the core components of the Finnish system to provide continuous support to families with children until preschool. It sought to analyze changes in their perceptions for activities in maternal and child health care before and after the adoption.Methods Relevant data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews, following an interview guide, conducted from September to October 2020. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka City University in Japan.Results A total of 12 public health nurses participated. Prior to the adoption of the system modelled on Finnish practice, these nurses were dedicated to addressing the risks regarding families with children (especially those at high risk) through continuous engagement. However, they were hesitant to proactively engage with families at lower risk as non-continuous, one-off engagements resulted in a patchwork response. After the system was adopted, the nurses became aware of the trust cultivated with families under their care, which included those at lower risk, that enabled them to respond to the changing needs flexibly. The nurses recognized that they had acquired the capability to notice the subtle signs of changes, engage more proactively with the families under their care, and deliver the necessary preventive interventions at an early stage. They also demonstrated joy and satisfaction derived from the growth of children and mothers under their care, as well as keen awareness of the need to improve their professional skills, even though they were busy.Conclusion These findings indicate that the continuous support system modelled on the core components from Finland enables public health nurses to proactively engage with families at lower risk and deliver preventive interventions at an early stage. The system also motivated Japanese public health nurses who found greater pleasure in their work.
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Chang TH, Liou HC, Lee LL, Lin YP, Hsieh MH, Lee I, Liou YM, Chen CM, Wang HH, Tsai HM. [Reflections on the Prospective Professional Competency of Taiwan Public Health Nurses]. HU LI ZA ZHI THE JOURNAL OF NURSING 2022; 69:89-96. [PMID: 35318636 DOI: 10.6224/jn.202204_69(2).11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Societal ageing, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and the COVID-19 pandemic have changed the global healthcare environment dramatically. These challenges have significantly burdened community medical and healthcare systems and complicated the work of public health nursing. As an important care provider on the frontlines of primary care, public health nurses (PHNs) must keep up with the current state of the medical environment and statistical data interpretation, scientific data translation, community resource sharing, and telehealth applications. These demands have greatly impacted the traditional routines and existing professional core competencies of PHNs. Discussions among 12 Taiwanese public healthcare experts and the definition of public health nursing capacity from World Health Organization were considered in this review. In addition to reflecting on social changes and the professional development of public health nursing, eight prospective recommendations were provided in this review to enhance the professional competence of PHNs and better prepare them for future changes in the health environment and primary healthcare. The suggestions provide a reference for updating the position statement of PHNs.
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Kasahara M, Chiba A, Ohnishi M. [Impact of COVID-19 on Japanese municipal public health nurses and public health practices related to communication with community residents]. [NIHON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI] JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 69:225-235. [PMID: 35082223 DOI: 10.11236/jph.21-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on municipal public health nurses and public health practices related to communication with community residents.Method A self-administered questionnaire survey targeted 474 public health nurses working in 40 municipalities in Japan's Aomori Prefecture. Participants were asked about the following basic attributes: whether they provided care for people who were COVID-19 positive or were in close contact with infected people; physical or mental impacts; how each work area was impacted; how mask-wearing affected their communication with community residents; positive and negative aspects of current infection-control measures; how they communicated and shared information with residents as they provided care; challenges and initiatives; and creative work efforts. We conducted the survey from September 23 to October 7, 2020, and analyzed the data using SPSS and KH Coder.Results We received 228 responses (48.1% valid responses); 11.4% reported that they provided care or were in close contact with people who were COVID-19 positive. At least 60% of respondents had been impacted mentally. Mask-wearing hindered communication with community residents, however, it did not significantly impact trust-building. COVID-19 measures had a positive impact on respondents' public health work as infection-prevention awareness increased and infection-control measures advanced. Meetings, including online conferences, became more efficient, and nurses had opportunities to reexamine their work performance. Negative consequences included weakened communication with residents, slander against infected people, increased stress among residents, repercussions from not going out, and difficulty implementing necessary public health services. Most of the interaction, information sharing, and support for residents were carried out over the phone. Responses regarding new challenges and initiatives were classified into six categories: public health services that consider infection-control measures; various preventive measures; efforts to establish new lifestyles; review of methods for conducting group-health check-ups; review of operations and implementation of creative efforts in providing health guidance; and review of meetings, training sessions, and online conferences.Conclusion The survey revealed that COVID-19 affected most public health nurses mentally. Challenges in providing in-person care were reported. Nurses faced significant obstacles communicating with residents; however, they reported that services incorporating infection-control measures were progressively gaining traction. Nurses are exploring new communication methods based on established community trust. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore public health services that fulfill both the current and future community requirements.
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Marcellus L, Tonmyr L, Jack SM, Gonzalez A, Sheenan D, Varcoe C, Kurtz Landy C, Campbell K, Catherine N, MacMillan H, Waddell C. Public health nurses' perceptions of their interactions with child protection services when supporting socioeconomically disadvantaged young mothers in British Columbia, Canada. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 124:105426. [PMID: 34995927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of girls and young women experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage are at risk of maltreatment and associated health and developmental problems. Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) is an early intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health outcomes. The effectiveness of NFP is being evaluated in British Columbia (BC) through a randomized controlled trial, augmented by a process evaluation to identify influences on how NFP was implemented. OBJECTIVE To describe how public health nurses providing NFP perceived their interactions with child protection professionals. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Forty-seven public health nurses across BC. METHODS The principles of interpretive description informed the qualitative component of the process evaluation. Data from interviews and focus groups were analyzed using the framework analysis approach. A thematic framework was generated through processes of coding, charting and mapping, with a focus on organizational and systems influences. RESULTS Nurses' practice in supporting families often involved engagement with child protection services. Four themes about the nature of this work were identified: 1) developing a deeper understanding of the disciplinary perspectives of child protection, 2) striving for strengthened collaboration, 3) navigating change and uncertainty, and 4) responding to family and community complexity. CONCLUSIONS Participants valued the contribution of child protection professionals and expressed willingness to collaborate to support families. However, collaboration was constrained by multiple structural barriers. Collaborative models offer possibilities for integrated practice, although can be difficult to implement within current health and child protection systems and child protection regulatory contexts.
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Kim MN, Yoo YS, Cho OH, Hwang KH. Emotional Labor and Burnout of Public Health Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Effects of Perceived Health Status and Perceived Organizational Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010549. [PMID: 35010814 PMCID: PMC8744956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the mediating effects of perceived health status (PHS) and perceived organizational support (POS) in the association between emotional labor and burnout in public health nurses (PHNs). The participants were 207 PHNs convenience sampled from 30 public health centers and offices in Jeju, Korea. Data regarding emotional labor, PHS, POS, and burnout were collected between February and March 2021 using a structured questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Burnout of PHNs was positively correlated with emotional labor (r = 0.64, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with PHS (r = −0.51, p < 0.001) and POS (r = −0.51, p < 0.001). In the association between emotional labor and burnout, PHS (B = −1.36, p < 0.001) and POS (B = −0.42, p = 0.001) had a partial mediating effect. Reduction of burnout among PHNs requires not only effective management of emotional labor but also personal and organizational efforts to improve PHS and POS.
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Ergin E, Altinel B, Aktas E. A mixed method study on global warming, climate change and the role of public health nurses from the perspective of nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 107:105144. [PMID: 34537496 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the nursing students taking the Public Health Nursing course about global warming, climate change, the impact on health and the role of the public health nurse. DESIGN The study is a mixed method study that includes descriptive data and focus group discussions on global warming, the effects of climate change and the role of the public health nurse. METHODS The data were collected from the nursing faculty of a university located in the Central Anatolia region, where agricultural lands are widespread and climate change effects are most commonly observed. The data were collected from 154 undergraduate senior nursing students between February 2020 and May 2020. Firstly, the students completed the Global Warming Questionnaire that includes 26 items about global warming, climate change, their effects and the role of the public health nurse. Secondly, some students (n = 19) selected through the purposive sampling method participated in online focus group meetings. RESULTS Our study revealed that 87.7% of the students know the main cause of climate change. The mean scale scores of the students who watch documentaries on the environment, who participate in activities related to the environment, and who know that climate change, sustainable development and health services are closely related were found to be statistically significantly higher (p ≤ 0.005). The views of the students on global warming and the environment were analyzed in focus group interviews according to five themes (global warming perception; the impact of global warming on health; methods of protection; roles of nurses; nursing education). CONCLUSION Global warming and climate change are sensitive and important issues that cannot be evaluated considering only knowledge level. IMPACT Global warming, climate change, their effects on health and the roles and responsibilities of nurses need to be included in the nursing curricula so that health professionals who can take measures against global warming, climate change and their health effects can be educated.
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