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Caritá AC, Fonseca-Santos B, Shultz JD, Michniak-Kohn B, Chorilli M, Leonardi GR. Vitamin C: One compound, several uses. Advances for delivery, efficiency and stability. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102117. [PMID: 31676375 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (Vit C) is a potent antioxidant with several applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields. However, the biggest challenge in the utilization of Vit C is to maintain its stability and improve its delivery to the active site. Several strategies have been developed such as: controlling the oxygen levels during formulation and storage, low pH, reduction of water content in the formulation and the addition of preservative agents. Additionally, the utilization of derivatives of Vit C and the development of micro and nanoencapsulated delivery systems have been highlighted. In this article, the multiple applications and mechanisms of action of vitamin C will be reviewed and discussed, as well as the new possibilities of delivery and improvement of stability.
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Lavoie JC, Chessex P. Parenteral nutrition and oxidant stress in the newborn: A narrative review. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:155-167. [PMID: 30807828 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that oxidant molecules from various sources contaminate solutions of parenteral nutrition following interactions between the mixture of nutrients and some of the environmental conditions encountered in clinical practice. The continuous infusion of these organic and nonorganic peroxides provided us with a unique opportunity to study in cells, in vascular and animal models, the mechanisms involved in the deleterious reactions of oxidation in premature infants. Potential clinical impacts of peroxides infused with TPN include: a redox imbalance, vasoactive responses, thrombosis of intravenous catheters, TPN-related hepatobiliary complications, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality. This is a narrative review of published data.
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Zhang SQ, Li J, Li L, Yuan X, Xu L, Shi ZG. Fast separation of water-soluble vitamins by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography based on submicrometer flow-through silica microspheres. Food Chem 2019; 307:125531. [PMID: 31644979 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, submicrometer flow-through silica microspheres (Sub-FTSiO2) was for the first time obtained via a suspension polymerization method coupled with sol-gel transition and phase separation. The Sub-FTSiO2 was characteristic of rich mesopores, penetrable macropores and small particle size, which would be beneficial to fast mass transfer, low column backpressure and high column efficiency. It was directly used as the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic (HILIC) stationary phase, and the fast separation of seven water-soluble vitamins in 2.2 min was realized. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of water-soluble vitamins in two functional beverages on the market. The prepared Sub-FTSiO2 was well demonstrated for fast HILIC, and would be potential as the stationary phase matrix for fast liquid chromatography in diverse separation modes.
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Sarraf M, Beig Babaei A, Naji-Tabasi S. Investigating functional properties of barberry species: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5255-5269. [PMID: 31077383 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of new crops and the development of the use of wild plants creates the potential to diversify global food production and better enable local adaptation to the diverse and changing environments that humans inhabit. Barberry is widely distributed worldwide and is recognized as a valuable plant. In this review, we summarize the functional compounds and nutraceutical features of barberry species. Barberry plants have fruits, flowers, leaves, stems and roots. All of these parts contain very important compounds, such as anthocyanins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins and minerals, etc., which have been used for many years in traditional medicine. These compounds have a strong impact on human health and can be used as a painkiller, as well as for the relief of fever, diarrhea and vomiting. They are also useful for curing liver and vascular problems and preventing many diseases. One of the most important functional compounds in the barberry plant is berberine, which exists in its different parts. Studies have shown that berberine in barberry reduces cholesterol and blood glucose. It can help to prevent Alzheimer's and neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, it has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. According to the investigations, barberry plant derivations can be considered as useful additives and functional compounds in various industries, especially in the food industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Sempionatto JR, Brazaca LC, García-Carmona L, Bolat G, Campbell AS, Martin A, Tang G, Shah R, Mishra RK, Kim J, Zucolotto V, Escarpa A, Wang J. Eyeglasses-based tear biosensing system: Non-invasive detection of alcohol, vitamins and glucose. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:161-170. [PMID: 31096082 PMCID: PMC8372769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a wearable tear bioelectronic platform, integrating a microfluidic electrochemical detector into an eyeglasses nose-bridge pad, for non-invasive monitoring of key tear biomarkers. The alcohol-oxidase (AOx) biosensing fluidic system allowed real-time tear collection and direct alcohol measurements in stimulated tears, leading to the first wearable platform for tear alcohol monitoring. Placed outside the eye region this fully wearable tear-sensing platform addresses drawbacks of sensor systems involving direct contact with the eye as the contact lenses platform. Integrating the wireless electronic circuitry into the eyeglasses frame thus yielded a fully portable, convenient-to-use fashionable sensing device. The tear alcohol sensing concept was demonstrated for monitoring of alcohol intake in human subjects over multiple drinking courses, displaying good correlation to parallel BAC measurements. We also demonstrate for the first time the ability to monitor tear glucose outside the eye and the utility of wearable devices for monitoring vitamin nutrients in connection to enzymatic flow detector and rapid voltammetric scanning, respectively. These developments pave the way to build an effective eyeglasses system capable of chemical tear analysis.
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Schnellbaecher A, Binder D, Bellmaine S, Zimmer A. Vitamins in cell culture media: Stability and stabilization strategies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1537-1555. [PMID: 30793282 PMCID: PMC6594077 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, chemically defined cell culture media (CCM) have replaced serum- and hydrolysate-based media that rely on complex ingredients, such as yeast extracts or peptones. Benefits include a significantly lower lot-to-lot variability, more efficient manufacturing by reduction to essential components, and the ability to exclude components that may negatively influence growth, viability, or productivity. Even though current chemically defined CCMs provide an excellent basis for various mammalian biotechnological processes, vitamin instabilities are known to be a key factor contributing to the variabilities still present in liquid CCM as well as to short storage times. In this review, the chemical degradation pathways and products for the most relevant vitamins for CCM will be discussed, with a focus on the effects of light, oxygen, heat, and other CCM compounds. Different approaches to stabilize vitamins in solution, such as replacement with analogs, encapsulation, or the addition of stabilizing compounds will also be reviewed. While these vitamins and vitamin stabilization approaches are presented here as particular for CCM, the application of these concepts can also be considered relevant for pharmaceutical, medical, and food supplement purposes. More precise knowledge regarding vitamin instabilities will contribute to stabilize future formulations and thus decrease residual lot-to-lot variability.
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Nachliely M, Trachtenberg A, Khalfin B, Nalbandyan K, Cohen-Lahav M, Yasuda K, Sakaki T, Kutner A, Danilenko M. Dimethyl fumarate and vitamin D derivatives cooperatively enhance VDR and Nrf2 signaling in differentiating AML cells in vitro and inhibit leukemia progression in a xenograft mouse model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:8-16. [PMID: 30508646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the deadliest hematological malignancies without effective treatment for most patients. Vitamin D derivatives (VDDs) - active metabolites 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 (1,25D2) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and their analogs - are differentiation-inducing agents which have potential for the therapy of AML. However, calcemic toxicity of VDDs limits their clinical use at doses effective against cancer cells in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that in AML cell cultures, moderate pro-differentiation effects of low concentrations of VDDs can be synergistically enhanced by structurally distinct compounds known to activate the transcription factor Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-Like 2 (NFE2L2 or Nrf2). Particularly, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which is clinically approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, strongly cooperated with 1,25D3, PRI-5100 (19-nor-1,25D2; paricalcitol) and PRI-5202 (a double-point modified 19-nor analog of 1,25D2). The pro-differentiation synergy between VDDs (1,25D3 or PRI-5202) and Nrf2 activators (DMF, tert-butylhydroquinone or carnosic acid) was associated with a cooperative upregulation of the protein levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Nrf2 as well as increased mRNA expression of their respective target genes. These data support the notion that VDDs and Nrf2 activators synergize in inducing myeloid cell differentiation through the cooperative activation of the VDR and Nrf2/antioxidant response element signaling pathways. We have previously reported that PRI-5202 is more potent by approximately two orders of magnitude than 1,25D3 as a differentiation inducer in AML cell lines. In this study, we found that PRI-5202 was also at least 5-fold less calcemic in healthy mice compared to both its direct precursor PRI-1907 and 1,25D3. In addition, PRI-5202 was remarkably more resistant against degradation by the human 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase than both 1,25D2 and 1,25D3. Importantly, using a xenograft mouse model we demonstrated that co-administration of PRI-5202 and DMF resulted in a marked cooperative inhibition of human AML tumor growth without inducing treatment toxicity. Collectively, our findings provide a rationale for clinical testing of low-toxic VDD/DMF combinations as a novel approach for differentiation therapy of AML.
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Doms S, Verlinden L, Vanhevel J, Janssens I, Bouillon R, De Clercq P, Verstuyf A. WY 1048, a 17-methyl 19-nor D-ring analog of vitamin D 3, in combination with risedronate restores bone mass in a mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:124-130. [PMID: 30611910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates like risedronate inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and are therefore used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Also vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation is commonly used in the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. Combined therapy of risedronate with 1,25(OH)2D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D3, may be advantageous over the use of either monotherapy, but bears a risk of causing hypercalcemia thereby decreasing the therapeutic window for osteoporosis treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effect on bone mass of the combination of risedronate with the 17-methyl 19-nor five-membered D-ring vitamin D3 analog WY 1048 in a mouse ovariectomy model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ovariectomy-induced bone loss was restored by administration of risedronate or a combination of risedronate with 1,25(OH)2D3. However, the combination of WY 1048 with risedronate induced an even higher increase on total body and spine bone mineral density and on trabecular and cortical bone mass. Our data indicate that combination therapy of risedronate with WY 1048 was superior in restoring and improving bone mass over a combination of risedronate with 1,25(OH)2D3 with minimal calcemic side effects.
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Fujishima T, Suenaga T, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K. Synthesis and characterization of 20-hydroxyvitamin D 3 with the A-ring modification. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 187:27-33. [PMID: 30389627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two novel 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 analogues (4a,b) with the A-ring modification have been synthesized by a convergent manner. An alternative pathway of vitamin D3 metabolism by cytochrome P450scc CYP11A1 was reported to afford 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3), functions of which remain to be explored. Based on the structure of the 20-hydroxy metabolite, novel analogues (4a,b) with the modifications, including the 1α-hydroxy, 25-hydroxy and 2α-methyl groups, have been designed. The side chain of the requisite CD-ring portions (9a,b) was introduced by Grignard reaction as a key step, and the stereochemistry at the C20 position was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis of the synthetic intermediate (8b). Preliminary biological characterization using the bovine thymus vitamin D receptor suggested that the introduction of the active motifs into the 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 scaffold elevated the receptor affinity.
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Nizioł J, Misiorek M, Ruman T. Mass spectrometry imaging of low molecular weight metabolites in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Primoris with 109Ag nanoparticle enhanced target. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:11-19. [PMID: 30551117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch., Rosaceae) is the subject of many research studies due to its numerous features such as unique taste, aroma and health qualities. The distribution of low molecular weight metabolites belonging to aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, organic acids, phenolics, amino acids and sugars classes within strawberry fruit cross-section was studied using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method with 109Ag nanoparticle enhanced target (109AgNPET). Correlation of distribution of over thirty compounds found in cross-section of strawberry with their biological function is also included.
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Wang W, Zhao GD, Cui YJ, Li MQ, Liu ZP. Synthesis of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 analogues with α,α-difluorocycloketone at the CD-ring side chains and their biological properties in ovariectomized rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:66-73. [PMID: 30253225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two novel 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 derivatives containing a α,α-difluorocyclopentanone (3) or α,α-difluorocyclohexanone (4) moiety at the CD-ring side chains were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their biological properties on restoring bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) rats with established osteopenia. The synthesis of compounds 3 and 4 utilized the Wittig-Horner coupling to build up the vitamin D conjugated triene system, followed by the introduction of the cycloketone fragments at the side chain, and subsequent α,α-difluorination of the ketone by the treatment of the derived silyl enol ether with Selectfluor, as the key synthetic steps. In comparison with the natural 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol; 200 ng/kg/day), oral administration of compounds 3 and 4 at the dose of 25 ng/kg/day for 6 weeks led to much improved bone mass and bone density related parameters, while maintaining normal serum calcium and serum phosphorus levels. The immunohistochemistry results showed that both compounds remarkably decreased in osteoclast number and moderately decreased in osteoblast number on trabecular bone surface. Therefore, our findings suggested that compounds 3 and 4 successfully rescue bone loss by suppression on bone turnover in OVX rat models.
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Patel A, Lee SY, Stagnaro-Green A, MacKay D, Wong AW, Pearce EN. Iodine Content of the Best-Selling United States Adult and Prenatal Multivitamin Preparations. Thyroid 2019; 29:124-127. [PMID: 30266075 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production and fetal development. Even mild maternal iodine deficiency in gestation may be associated with impaired child neurodevelopment. Iodine requirements increase during pregnancy and lactation. Supplements containing 150 μg/day are recommended by the American Thyroid Association for all U.S. women who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy. The contribution of multivitamin supplements as an iodine source for pregnant and nonpregnant US adults has not been well studied. This study aimed to understand better the contribution of the top-selling adult multivitamins (AMV) and prenatal multivitamins (PMV) to iodine nutrition in the United States. METHODS Product names, dollar sales, unit and volume sales, and recommended daily intakes of the top-selling 99 AMV and 60 PMV from July 2016 to July 2017 were obtained from Information Resources, Inc. Iodine content and source were determined from product labels. After excluding private-label brands and unavailable product labels, a final sample of 89 AMV and 59 PMV was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 89 AMV, 74.2% contained iodine. The median (range) iodine content of AMV was 150 μg (38-150 μg) per daily serving. Over the study period, 8,924,371,955 AMV doses were sold, of which 84.8% contained iodine. Thirty-four (57.6%) of the 59 PMV contained iodine, with a median (range) iodine content of 150 μg (25-290 μg) per daily serving. Over the study period, 466,927,559 PMV doses were sold, of which 76.8% contained iodine. All iodine-containing AMV used potassium iodine as an iodine source. Of iodine-containing PMV, 73.5% used potassium iodide, 23.5% kelp, and 2.9% inactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an iodine source. CONCLUSIONS During the one-year study period, a higher proportion of AMV doses than PMV doses contained iodine. Some PMV but no AMV included sources of iodine known to be highly variable. The median iodine content of the top-selling AMV and PMV was at the recommended 150 μg daily intake, but the range remains wide. Twenty-four percent of PMV doses sold did not contain iodine. More effort is needed to ensure adequate iodine content in prenatal vitamins for women who are pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy.
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Le 乐 娟 J, Yuan 袁腾 飞 TF, Zhang 张 艳 Y, Wang 王少 亭 ST, Li 李 艳 Y. New LC-MS/MS method with single-step pretreatment analyzes fat-soluble vitamins in plasma and amniotic fluid. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1783-1790. [PMID: 30026263 PMCID: PMC6121937 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d087569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), A, D, and E, are components of prenatal vitamin care. Previously, limited evidence existed to explain on a molecular level how maternal FSV supplementation affects the fetus during pregnancy. We developed a simplified LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously detect FSVs in maternal plasma (MP) and amniotic fluid (AF); we used this approach to investigate the correlation between FSV levels in these two matrices. With this method, we circumvented frequently used liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase extraction methods and, instead, used simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile for sample preparation. This method displayed satisfactory linearity, intra- and inter-day imprecision, and accuracy. We validated the consistency with standard reference material 972a and 968f certification. In analysis of MP and AF samples from 50 pregnant women in the second trimester, concentrations of retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], and α-tocopherol (reflecting vitamins A, D, and E, respectively) were lower in AF than in MP. Significant positive correlations existed between MP and AF for 25(OH)D3 (r = 0.667; P < 0.001) and retinol (r = 0.393; P = 0.005), but not for α-tocopherol (r = 0.145, P > 0.05). This novel LC-MS/MS method shows prominent applicability for FSV detection and the observed correlations contribute to research on fetal development.
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Sarker U, Oba S. Augmentation of leaf color parameters, pigments, vitamins, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in selected Amaranthus tricolor under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12349. [PMID: 30120319 PMCID: PMC6098045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaranthus tricolor genotype VA13 was evaluated under four salinity stress in terms of color parameters, leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, TPC, TFC, TAC, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Salinity stress significantly increases all the studied traits. The increments of all these compounds were high under moderate and severe salinity stress compared to control condition. In this study, trans-cinnamic acid was newly identified phenoic acid in A. tricolor. Salicylic acid, vanilic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercetin and m-coumaric acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds of amaranth that increased with the severity of salinity stress. A. tricolor leaves are good source of pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, bioactive compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidants. In salt-stressed amaranth, correlation studies revealed strong antioxidant activity of leaf pigments, β-carotene, vitamin C, TPC, TFC. These bioactive compounds played a vital role in scavenging ROS and could be beneficial to human nutrition by serving as a good antioxidant and antiaging source in human health benefit. A. tricolor cultivated under salinity stress conditions can contribute a high quality of the final product in terms of leaf pigments, bioactive compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidants. It can be a promising alternative crop in saline-prone areas.
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Duffy C, O'Riordan D, O'Sullivan M, Jacquier JC. In vitro evaluation of chitosan copper chelate gels as a multimicronutrient feed additive for cattle. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4177-4183. [PMID: 29418003 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective micronutrient supplementation strategies are critical to ensure optimal health and productivity in livestock. The objective of this study was to develop a copper and vitamin (multimicronutrient) delivery system based on chitosan gel beads, and test its suitability, in vitro, for use as a cattle feed additive. RESULTS Chitosan was chelated with copper sulfate to produce millimetre-scale gel matrices (∼2 mm). The copper content was significantly increased (from 61 to 95 mg g by adjusting pH to alkaline conditions post bead formation. The beads could subsequently be loaded with the model vitamin riboflavin to levels as high as 324 µg g-1 beads. Restricted rehydration of the dried gel matrices in simulated rumen fluid led to a sustained release of riboflavin with no copper released in these neutral conditions for up to 24 h, demonstrating copper rumen bypass. Moreover, sustained release of the mineral was observed in abomasal conditions of pH 2 over a 3 h period. CONCLUSIONS The matrices showed rumen bypass for copper yet supplied nutritionally relevant levels of the free mineral in abomasal conditions, as required for effective supplementation in cattle. The controlled-release properties demonstrated by the matrices indicate their potential as a multimicronutrient functional feed additive to enhance cattle nutrition and productivity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Sarkisyan VA, Kodentsova VM, Bessonov VV, Kochetkova AA. [Vitamin and antioxidant properties of tocopherols: characteristic of the molecular mechanisms of action]. Vopr Pitan 2018; 87:5-11. [PMID: 30592875 DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2018-10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular docking method was used to study the structural characteristics determining the competitive transport in the blood, and also the subsequent binding with enzymes of tocopherols and their metabolites to yield a specific biological activity. The target proteins were α-tocopherol-transport protein (α-TTP), tocopherol-associated protein 1 (TAP1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and 3-hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. RRR-tocopherol (α-, β-, γ- and δ-forms), RRR-13'-carboxychromanol (α-, β-, γ- and δ-forms) and carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-, β-, γ- and δ-forms) were used as ligands in this research. The conducted studies confirmed that among all homologues the α-tocopherol had the greatest affinity for the transport proteins α-TTP and TAP1 (ΔG=-11.40 and ΔG=-10.28 kcal/mol, respectively). It was shown that in all cases carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol metabolites had the greatest free binding energy (ΔG>-8 kcal/mol), that was why it has been concluded that they were not effective ligands for the proteins under study. In contrast, the metabolites of 13'-carboxychromanol, when bound to both α-TTP and TAP1 proteins, preferentially formed more stable complexes than their precursors. It was shown for the first time that γ-13'-carboxychromanol with TAP1 has less free binding energy (ΔG=-10.64 kcal/mol) in comparison to the α-tocopherol complex (ΔG=-10.28 kcal/mol). It has also been shown that 13'-carboxychromanole metabolites were more efficiently bound to COX-2 enzymes (ΔG=-9.56 kcal/mol for α-13'-carboxychromanol complex) and HMG-CoA reductase (ΔG=-9.46 kcal/mol for the complex with δ-13'-carboxychromanol). In relation to the PP2A protein, 13'-carboxychromanol metabolites had similar affinities as their precursors. The results of the work indicate the possibility of 13'-carboxychromanols to competitively bind to α-tocopherol transporters and act as effective ligands of COX-2 and HMG-CoA, that can be used to correct nutritional status in conditions accompanied by deficiency of tocopherols.
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Hewison M, Fleet JC, Demay MB, Christakos S, Bouillon R, Welsh J, White JH. Highlights from the 20th Workshop on Vitamin D in Orlando, Mar. 28-31, 2017. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:1-5. [PMID: 29180166 PMCID: PMC6753777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Moyersoen I, Lachat C, Cuypers K, Ridder KD, Devleesschauwer B, Tafforeau J, Vandevijvere S, Vansteenland M, De Meulenaer B, Van Camp J, Van Oyen H. Do Current Fortification and Supplementation Programs Assure Adequate Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Belgian Infants, Toddlers, Pregnant Women, and Lactating Women? Nutrients 2018; 10:E223. [PMID: 29462926 PMCID: PMC5852799 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstracts: Adequate intakes of fat-soluble vitamins are essential to support the growth and development of the foetus, the neonate, and the young child. By means of an online self-administered frequency questionnaire, this study aimed to evaluate the intake of vitamins A, D, E, and K in Belgian infants (n = 455), toddlers (n = 265), pregnant women (n = 161), and lactating women (n = 165). The contribution of foods, fortified foods, and supplements on the total intake was quantified. 5% of toddlers, 16% of pregnant women, and 35% of lactating women had an inadequate vitamin A intake. Conversely, excessive vitamin A intakes were associated with consumption of liver (products). Furthermore, 22% of infants were at risk for inadequate vitamin D intake due to the lack of prophylaxis, while consumption of highly dosed supplements posed a risk for excessive intakes in 6%-26% of infants. Vitamin D intake in pregnant women and lactating women was inadequate (median of 51%, respectively, 60% of the adequate intake). In all groups, the risk for inadequate intake of vitamin E and K was low. Contribution of fortified foods to vitamin A, D, E, and K intake was minor, except in toddlers. National fortification strategies should be investigated as an alternative or additional strategy to prevent vitamin D and A deficiency. There is a need to revise and set uniform supplement recommendations. Finally, non-users of vitamin D prophylaxis need to be identified for targeted treatment.
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Abstract
The hydrophobicity of vitamin E poses transport and metabolic challenges to regulate its bioavailability and to prevent its accumulation in lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, brain, and liver. Water-soluble precursors of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), such as its esters with acetate (αTA), succinate (αTS), or phosphate (αTP), have increased solubility in water and stability against reaction with free radicals, but they are rapidly converted during their uptake into the lipid-soluble vitamin E. Therefore, the bioavailability of these precursors as intact molecules is low; nevertheless, at least for αTS and αTP, the recent research has revealed unique regulatory effects on signal transduction and gene expression and the modulation of cellular events ranging from proliferation, survival/apoptosis, lipid uptake and metabolism, phagocytosis, long term potentiation, cell migration, telomere maintenance, and angiogenesis. Moreover, water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E including some based on αTP are increasingly used as components of nanocarriers for enhanced and targeted delivery of drugs and other molecules (vitamins, including αT and αTP itself, vitamin D3, carnosine, caffeine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), insulin) and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10. In this review, the chemical characteristics, transport, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of action of αTP in cells and tissues are summarized and put into perspective with its possible role in the prevention of a number of diseases.
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M S Hussein A, M Hussein M, Salama MF, M Hamed I, Aly Fouda K, Mohamed RS. Formulation and Evaluation of Functional Cookies for Improving Health of Primary School Children. Pak J Biol Sci 2018; 21:401-408. [PMID: 30418002 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.401.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE School children especially in Egypt need a safe meal which is able to meet their daily nutrient needs and ameliorate cognition. So, the current study aimed to evaluate formula prepared as cookies to be served as a meal for primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wheat, roasted chickpea, milk protein concentrate, cinnamon and brewer's yeast were used to prepare cookies which have been exposed to sensory, chemical and biological evaluation. Peroxide number, amino acids, vitamins (D, B12, folic acid and E) and minerals (calcium, zinc, iron and selenium) were determined. Twenty four rats of weaning age were used, 12 rats to estimate the true protein digestibility and 12 rats to estimate the protein efficiency ratio and the effect of feeding on cookies (28 days) on hemoglobin, glucose, total protein, liver and kidney functions and antioxidant status. RESULTS Palatability and acceptability of cookies were insured via the sensory evaluation results. The value of peroxide number indicated that there is no possibility of rancidity during the storage. The cookies showed high contents of protein (14.88%), fat (16.83%) and carbohydrate (55.1%). Also cookies showed acceptable levels of amino acids, minerals and vitamins that meet a large amount of daily requirements of children. Results of the animal experiment declared the complete safety of the cookies and high nutritional and biological quality. CONCLUSION Cookies can serve as a meal for the governmental school children to provide them with their needs from nutrients that reducing hunger and improving health benefits and scholastic achievement.
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Qi Y, Müller MJ, Volmer DA. Activation of Reactive MALDI Adduct Ions Enables Differentiation of Dihydroxylated Vitamin D Isomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2532-2537. [PMID: 28842822 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D compounds are secosteroids, which are best known for their role in bone health. More recent studies have shown that vitamin D metabolites and catabolites such as dihydroxylated species (e.g., 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) play key roles in the pathologies of various diseases. Identification of these isomers by mass spectrometry is challenging and currently relies on liquid chromatography, as the isomers exhibit virtually identical product ion spectra under collision induced dissociation conditions. Here, we developed a simple MALDI-CID method that utilizes ion activation of reactive analyte/matrix adducts to distinguish isomeric dihydroxyvitamin D3 species, without the need for chromatography separation or chemical derivatization techniques. Specifically, reactive 1,5-diaminonaphthalene adducts of dihydroxyvitamin D3 compounds formed during MADI were activated and specific cleavages in the secosteroid's backbone structure were achieved that produced isomer-diagnostic fragment ions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Shan NL, Wahler J, Lee HJ, Bak MJ, Gupta SD, Maehr H, Suh N. Vitamin D compounds inhibit cancer stem-like cells and induce differentiation in triple negative breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:122-129. [PMID: 27923595 PMCID: PMC5459680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the least responsive breast cancer subtypes to available targeted therapies due to the absence of hormonal receptors, aggressive phenotypes, and the high rate of relapse. Early breast cancer prevention may therefore play an important role in delaying the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer stem cells are a subset of cancer cells that are thought to be responsible for tumor progression, treatment resistance, and metastasis. We have previously shown that vitamin D compounds, including a Gemini vitamin D analog BXL0124, suppress progression of ductal carcinoma in situ in vivo and inhibit cancer stem-like cells in MCF10DCIS mammosphere cultures. In the present study, the effects of vitamin D compounds in regulating breast cancer stem-like cells and differentiation in triple-negative breast cancer were assessed. Mammosphere cultures, which enriches for breast cancer cells with stem-like properties, were used to assess the effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and BXL0124 on cancer stem cell markers in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, SUM159. Vitamin D compounds significantly reduced the mammosphere forming efficiency in primary, secondary and tertiary passages of mammospheres compared to control groups. Key markers of cancer stem-like phenotype and pluripotency were analyzed in mammospheres treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3 and BXL0124. As a result, OCT4, CD44 and LAMA5 levels were decreased. The vitamin D compounds also down-regulated the Notch signaling molecules, Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, JAG1, JAG2, HES1 and NFκB, which are involved in breast cancer stem cell maintenance. In addition, the vitamin D compounds up-regulated myoepithelial differentiating markers, cytokeratin 14 and smooth muscle actin, and down-regulated the luminal marker, cytokeratin 18. Cytokeratin 5, a biomarker associated with basal-like breast cancer, was found to be significantly down-regulated by the vitamin D compounds. These results suggest that vitamin D compounds may serve as potential preventive agents to inhibit triple negative breast cancer by regulating cancer stem cells and differentiation.
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Belorusova AY, Suh N, Lee HJ, So JY, Maehr H, Rochel N. Structural analysis and biological activities of BXL0124, a gemini analog of vitamin D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:69-74. [PMID: 27650654 PMCID: PMC5357203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gemini analogs of calcitriol, characterized by the extension of the C21-methyl group of calcitriol with a second chain, act as agonists of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This second side chain of gemini is accommodated in a new cavity inside the VDR created by the structural rearrangement of the protein core. The resulting conformational change preserves the active state of the receptor and bestows gemini compounds with biological activities that exceed those of calcitriol. Of particular interest are gemini's anti-cancer properties, and in this study we demonstrate anti-proliferative and tumor-reducing abilities of BXL0124 and BXL0097, differing only by the presence or absence, respectively, of the methylene group on the A ring. BXL0124 acts as a more potent VDR agonist than its 19-nor counterpart by activating VDR-mediated transcription at lower concentrations. In a similar manner, BXL0124 is more active than BXL0097 in growth inhibition of breast cancer cells and reduction of tumor volume. Structural comparisons of BXL0097 and BXL0124, as their VDR complexes, explain the elevated activity of the latter.
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Bachmann H, Lanz M, Kehrle S, Bittner W, Toggenburger A, Mathis GA, Rambeck W. Effects of a sustained release formulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycosides for milk fever prevention on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, calcium and phosphorus in dairy cows. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:301-307. [PMID: 28342973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk fever (MF) is a metabolic disease in dairy cows around parturition. The clinical lead sign is muscular paresis leading in severe cases to paralysis of the affected animal. Multiparturient animals of high performing dairy breeds are most likely to be affected and have a high probability of recurrence. An acute drop in blood calcium levels causes the disease when the demand for calcium at the onset of lactation exceeds the ability to replete blood calcium levels through mobilization from bone and intestinal uptake. With the understanding of the underlying mechanism, calcium supply management and vitamin D supplementation became prime candidates for MF prevention and therapy. Several strategies have been developed for MF prevention. Application of the active form of Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, was found to prevent MF effectively. In order to prevent a delayed hypocalcemia, which was occasionally seen after stopping the treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, a new approach was chosen by applying Solanum glaucophyllum extract (SGE), which contains 1,25(OH)2D3-glycosides, as instant-release (irSGE) in combination with slow-release (srSGE) tablets. In a first study, non-lactating cows were treated with a single bolus of either synthetic 1,25(OH)2D3, irSGE, or srSGE and the results were compared to a control group without treatment. Blood serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P) and magnesium (Mg) were followed for 11days and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Calcium and phosphate excretion in urine were determined during 15days. While serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 was back to pre-treatment level in the irSGE, srSGE and 1,25(OH)2D3 treated group within 3days, calcium and phosphate levels remained elevated for up to 9days. AUC of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was 2.89 (1,25D), 3.13 (irSGE) and 4.21 (srSGE) times higher than control. Serum calcium levels were 1.07* (for 1.25D); 1.08* (for irSGE) and 1.12* (for srSGE) times higher than control. Serum phosphate levels were 1.20* (for 1,25D); 1.30* (for irSGE) and 1.41* (for srSGE) times higher than control, with * p<0.05. In a second field study calving cows treated with one bolus containing ir- and sr- tablets of SGE were compared to an untreated control group and to a group treated with 4 boli of commercial calcium salts. As a result, calcium serum levels increased (+19% compared to baseline) around calving after treatment with the single bolus of SGE. The single bolus of SGE lead also to an increase of serum phosphate (+31% compared to baseline). These calcium and phosphate increases were statistically significant (p<0.001) 0-24h after calving compared to the control group and to the group treated with calcium salts. The sample size of the study was too small to draw a conclusion on the effect on MF prevention. In conclusion, application of a single bolus of a SGE extract lead to an increase of serum calcium and phosphate for up to 9days and may thus have the potential to prevent a hypocalcemia and -phosphatemia, an important cause for clinical milk fever.
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Sawada D, Ochiai E, Takeuchi A, Kakuda S, Kamimura-Takimoto M, Kawagoe F, Kittaka A. Synthesis of 2α- and 2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)- 7,8-cis-14-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D 3 and their biological activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 173:79-82. [PMID: 27629592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
According to the binding mode of 14-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-nortachysterol in the ligand binding domain of human vitamin D receptor (hVDR), i.e., 5,6- and 7,8-s-trans configuration that was shown by X-ray co-crystallographic analysis, 7,8-cis-locked 1α,25(OH)2D3 analogs were synthesized. In this paper, the synthesis and biological activity of 2α- and 2β-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7,8-cis-14-epi-1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D3 are reported. The A-ring and CD-ring precursors for the Julia-Kociensky coupling reaction to create a diene system of the target molecules were prepared using our original methods. hVDR binding affinity and osteocalcin promoter transactivation activity of the new 7,8-cis-14-epi-vitamin D3 analogs were evaluated. Interestingly, the 2β-substituted 7,8-cis-analog was a better binder for hVDR than the 2α-isomeric counterpart.
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