10951
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Zhuang J, Zhang M, Zeng Z, Xu F, Han T, Hu S, Sun Y. [The use of 6-flavor Rehmannia decoction with additives in the prevention of ototoxic deafness induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1992; 17:496-9, inside backcover. [PMID: 1482540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of the Chinese medicine six-flavor Rehmannia Decoction with additives on preventing deafness induced by gentamicin (GM) in guinea pig by means of testing the thresholds of Preyer's reflex (PR) cochlear microphonic potential (CM), action potential of the auditory nerve (N1) and scanning electron microscope of inner ear (SEM). The results showed that the medicine is effective in reducing the ototoxic effect of GM on inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhuang
- Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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10952
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Zhang M, Wu SY, Huang HY, Zhu BQ, Zhang XG, Hau GQ, Han YM, Lei JZ, Lei Q, Zhao HP. [Effect of IUD on microcirculation in rabbit uterine endometrium]. Shengzhi Yu Biyun 1992; 12:44-7. [PMID: 12317565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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10953
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Zhang JG, Zhong LF, Zhang M, Xia YX. Protection effects of procaine on oxidative stress and toxicities of renal cortical slices from rats caused by cisplatin in vitro. Arch Toxicol 1992; 66:354-8. [PMID: 1610298 DOI: 10.1007/bf01973631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of rat renal cortical slices with 2 mM cisplatin (CDDP) at 37 degrees C for different periods of time (15-180 min) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH), and inhibited gluconeogenesis in the slices. CDDP-induced MDA formation increased by 53% after 180 min of incubation and GSH decreased by 35% after 60 min of incubation. Both depletion of GSH and inhibition of gluconeogenesis preceded MDA formation. Procaine (2 mM) completely inhibited CDDP-induced lipid peroxidation without affecting depletion of GSH, but even potentiated gluconeogenesis inhibition, while 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) largely reversed all of these biochemical indices. After 240 min of incubation, 2 mM CDDP produced marked cytotoxicities, characterized by an increase in leakage of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (132%), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (115%) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) (157%), decrease in intracellular K+ (64%), and change in total water contents in the slices. Procaine (2 mM) showed protection against CDDP-induced cytotoxicities to a certain extent. These results suggest that depletion of GSH might be a determinant step in the oxidative stress and subsequent cytotoxicity, and that procaine is a powerful antioxidant and would be a promising drug for ameliorating some of the adverse effects of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Dalian Medical College, Republic of China
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10954
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Abstract
The frequencies of the alleles encoding isozymes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase were low in Northwest Coast Amerindians compared to Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle 98195
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10955
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Yan N, Zhang M, Ni P. A study of the stability of W/O/W multiple emulsions. J Microencapsul 1992; 9:143-51. [PMID: 1593397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stability of W/O/W emulsions has been studied in batch agitators. The surfactants suitable for W/O/W emulsions were screened and the factors affecting the emulsion stability were also studied. Results showed that polyamine E644 was an excellent emulsifier for W/O emulsions since the emulsion stabilized by it has not only good stability but also shows smaller swelling. The stability of the emulsion increases with increase in membrane viscosity and concentration of surfactant, but decreases with increase in concentration of the internal reagent in the internal phase and the carriers in the membrane. Raising the agitation speed and the time for preparing the W/O emulsion is beneficial to membrane stability due to formation of smaller internal droplets, but raising the speed for dispersing the W/O emulsion in the external phase results in an increase in membrane breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, China
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10956
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Zhu Z, Shen Y, Zhang M, Chen G, Ma S. [Pharmacological study on spleen-stomach warming and analgesic actions of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1992; 17:238-41, inside backcover. [PMID: 1418555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an observation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Aconitum carmichaeli decoction on water-immersion stress induced gastric ulcer in mice and 0.6 mol/L HCl induced gastric ulcer in rats. The observation showed that the decoction was resistant to the castor oil induced and Cassia angustifolia leaf induced experimental diarrhea in mice, and also had marked analgesic action. It is thus suggested that Aconitum carmichaeli is useful clinically as a spleen-stomach warming and analgesic agent in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhu
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica, Xian
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10957
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Lu YD, Zhang M, McCabe BF. Tube-perilymph fistula. An experimental study. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:302-5. [PMID: 1618012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Before exploratory tympanotomy, it is difficult to diagnose an idiopathic perilymph fistula (PLF) because of its variable presentations. An animal model tube-PLF on guinea pigs was established to evaluate the change of the sensitivity of the cochlea function and the value of the postural audiometry in PLF. A fine polyethylene tube (O.D. 0.6mm) was inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn through the incised round window membrane in 10 experimental guinea pigs, and another 5 as controls. The hearing threshold (HT), action potential (AP) latency for stimulus of 105 dB SPL, difference of HT and AP latency from the test ear down to up were measured by electrocochleography (ECoG) immediately after operation and one week later. The HT, AP latency and postural audiometry showed no significant changes immediately but a significant difference one week later in HT (P less than 0.01) and postural audiometry, the AP latency also presented a significant delay (P less than 0.01). The results showed that the tube-PLF model may be a valuable method for studying chronic PLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha
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10958
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Shahar A, Reuveny S, Zhang M, Espinosa de los Monteros A, de Vellis J, Shainberg A. Differentiation of myoblasts and CNS cells grown either separately or as co-cultures on microcarriers. Cytotechnology 1992; 9:107-15. [PMID: 1369162 DOI: 10.1007/bf02521737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersed neuronal and muscular elements from fetal or neonatal origin, can organize and mature in culture when grown on positively charged cylindrical microcarriers (MCS), to a stage which simulate in vivo maturation. Cells arrange themselves on the MCS to form aggregates which remain floating in the nutrient medium. In such a tridimensional organization, the neuronal tissue is capable of regenerating a network of nerve fibers which establish synapse interconnections and undergo myelination. Oligodendrocytes organize on MCS in a tridimensional pattern and produce extensive myelin-like membranes. Myoblasts in MC-cultures fuse into polynucleated myotubes which become striated and contract spontaneously. Creatine kinase and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are formed during myogenesis in similar quantities in MC-cultures and in monolayers. When both neuronal and muscle tissues are prepared from the same fetus (autologous nerve-muscle co-cultures) and are cultured on MCS, they interconnect to form neuro-muscular junctions. Cells from both tissues, exhibit better differentiation, for longer periods in MC-cultures than they do in monolayers. The floating functional entities are easy to sample and can be harvested for ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis. In addition, MC-cultures can be used as a good tool for the study of acute and chronic exposures to toxicological agents, as well as for implantation into demyelinated, injured or dystrophic tissues. In this case the MCS in the implanted entities will serve as identifiable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shahar
- Department of Virology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona
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10959
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Ying R, Zhang M, Han Y, Wang G, Chen K, Cai Y. Computer 3-dimensional reconstruction of intraglandular lymph vessels and ductal systems of the human submandibular gland. Acta Anat (Basel) 1992; 144:175-7. [PMID: 1514376 DOI: 10.1159/000147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Computer three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections is currently an active area of research. In this paper we combine computer graphics, image processing and biomedical techniques to reconstruct a stereo model of intraglandular lymphatic vessels, veins, arteries and ducts from serial microsections of the human submandibular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ying
- Department of Anatomy, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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10960
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Abstract
We present here the results of the Sino-MONICA-Beijing stroke study based on 700,000 Beijing residents in 1984-1986. To compare incidence rates for stroke with other communities and countries, we adopted the criteria of the WHO Collaborative Study of 17 centers which used the same definition and methodology as was used in this study. Over the 3-year period of the study, 2,593 stroke events were registered in the 25- to 74-year age-group. The incidence rate for all strokes was 189.5/100,000 and the incidence rate for first strokes was 133.6/100,000. Men had a significantly higher incidence rate than women (all strokes 219.7/100,000 for male vs. 160.5/100,000 for female, OR = 1.32, 99% limits 1.19-1.46; first strokes 151.6/100,000 for male vs. 116.4/100,000 for female, OR = 1.25, 99% limits 1.11-1.42). In comparison with other studies, age-adjusted incidence rate of stroke in Beijing was higher than in other countries, especially for hemorrhagic stroke. The proportion of hemorrhagic stroke related to other types of stroke was also higher in Beijing. Further analysis of the cases confirmed by computerized tomography also supported this finding. Unlike the incidence rates, the 4-week case fatality rate for women, 39.5%, was higher than for men, 32.8%. This finding was confirmed by a multiple logistic analysis controlling for age (p less than 0.001) and for previous stroke (p less than 0.001). The adjusted sex difference is also significant (OR = 1.37, p less than 0.001). In addition, results showed that men had a higher hospitalization rate than women. More women than men were treated at home, possibly indicating better medical care for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Neuroepidemiology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md 20892
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10961
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Bi W, Hayes RB, Feng P, Qi Y, You X, Zhen J, Zhang M, Qu B, Fu Z, Chen M. Mortality and incidence of bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers in China. Am J Ind Med 1992; 21:481-9. [PMID: 1580253 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined bladder cancer mortality and incidence to 1981 in 1,972 workers employed in benzidine-exposed jobs in Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jilin, China, between 1972 and 1977, and in 1,974 unexposed workers employed during the same time period. In comparison to general population rates, in the benzidine-exposed group the ratio of observed to expected deaths (SMR) was 17.5 (95% C.I.: 7.5-34.5) and the ratio of observed to expected incident cases (SIR) was 25.0 (95% C.I.: 16.9-35.7). No excess was noted in the unexposed group. The 25-fold increase in bladder cancer incidence in the exposed group was related to level of exposure, with the SIR rising from 4.8 for low exposure to 36.2 for medium exposure, and 158.4 for high exposure. Risks were elevated both for producers of benzidine (SIR = 45.7; 95% C.I.: 20.9-86.8) and for users (SIR = 20.9; 95% C.I.: 12.9-32.0) of benzidine dyes. Benzidine-exposed workers who smoked tobacco had a 31-fold risk (95% C.I.: 20.4-46.4), while non-smoking workers had an 11-fold risk (95% C.I.: 3.6-25.8), suggestive of a multiplicative relationship between these two carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bi
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing
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10962
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Zhang M. [Clinical pharmacokinetics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP)]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1992; 14:67-9. [PMID: 1396051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the pharmacokinetics of DDP in 9 cancer patients who received iv infusion of DDP (100-120 mg/m2). Platinum concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma clearance of platinum was biphasic. There was a short initial phase with a half life of 19.8 min and a long second phase with a half life of 41.13 hours. A small peak was noted in 5 hours after the end of DDP infusion in about 50% of patients. This suggested tissue reabsorption, release and entero-hepatic circulation. Plasma ultrafiltrable platinum concentration fell with a half life of 21 min. Nearly 75-96% of the platinum in the plasma was protein bound 24 minutes after DDP infusion. The urinary excretion of platinum was found to be 9.52-21.35% in 24 hours with 6.69-19.57% eliminated within the first three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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10963
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Zhou XD, Tang ZY, Yu YQ, Ma ZC, Xu DB, Bao YM, Yang R, Zhang M, Zhou M. Hepatic artery ligation and infusion chemotherapy for unresectable primary liver cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:846-50. [PMID: 1661226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the period of 1958-1989, 356 patients with pathologically proven primary liver cancer (PLC) were determined by laparotomy to be unresectable. Of the 356 patients, 51 (14.3%) were of subclinical stage, 287 (80.6%) of moderate stage and 18 (5.1%) of late stage. The association of liver cirrhosis was present in 310 patients (87.1%). Treatment modalities in 356 patients were divided into 4 groups: hepatic artery ligation (HAL) (51), hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of chemotherapeutic agents (114), HAL + HAI (117), and HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (74). The 5-year survival rate was zero in the 4 groups in the period of 1958-1977. During 1978-1989, however, the 5-year survival rate was zero in HAL, 7.9% in HAI, 24.4% in HAL + HAI (with second look resection in 10 patients), and 36.5% in HAL + HAI + radiotherapy (with second look resection in 19). The marked improvement in survival in later period was attributable to the accurate site of hepatic artery catheter, longer infusion chemotherapy, and combination treatment, particularly second look resection in some of the patients. These results indicate that HAL + HAI + combination treatment might provide a possible prolongation of survival or even resection in some patients with original unresectable PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Shanghai Medical University
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10964
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Bingham CR, Kassim MB, Zhang M, Akovali YA, Toth KS, Hamilton WD, Carter HK, Kormicki J, Jarrio MM. Identification of 185Pt alpha activity and study of 185Au alpha decay. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 44:1208-1211. [PMID: 9967522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.44.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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10965
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Zhang M. [Textual research on luohuangzi]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991; 16:518-9, 573. [PMID: 1804193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
By studying ancient and modern literatures and observing the material object, we have come to the conclusion that the fruit called "luohuangzi" in ancient times should be the seed of Sterculia nobilis rather than Tamarindus indica. We therefore suggest that "luohuangzi" be no longer used as another name for T. indica, and, in order to eliminate the confusion about the name and material object of "luohuangzi". Tamarindus should be called the "genus Shuandou" in Chinese instead of the "genus Luowangzi".
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Literature Institute of Nanjing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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10966
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Zhang M, Shen Y, Zhu Z, Chen G. [Pharmacological studies on warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain by Pericarpium Zanthoxyli]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991; 16:493-7, 513. [PMID: 1804190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of the ethereal extract and aqueous extract of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli on warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain have been studied. It is suggested that the effects of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli on antagonizing ulcer, and inflammatory and functional diarrheas, protecting liver, and correcting gastrointestinal disorder are the connotation of its warming the middle-jiao to alleviate pain, its analgesic effect helps to relieve various abdominal pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an
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10967
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Zhang M. [Comparison of several screening instruments for dementia]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1991; 24:194-6, 251. [PMID: 1954788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both evidences of cognitive and functional impairments are necessary for the diagnosis of dementia. Following instruments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS) and Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS) for cognitive assessment, and Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Pffefer's Social Function Questionnaire (POD) for function measurement, were used in a survey sample of 5055 aged persons. It was found that the scores of both categories of tests were significantly correlated. The scores of MMSE, BDS and HDS were highly education-related, thus the education-dependent cutoff point should be decided. Among the cognitive assessment scales, MMSE and HDS seems better than BDS, while in functional scales, POD was more suitable for community survey. Sensory and motor disturbances, emotional and health problem were also interfered with both cognitive and daily or social function, it should be taken account in the diagnostic process for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center
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10968
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Zhang M, Chen X. [A preliminary report of evoked potential marker study of pattern shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) on schizophrenic twins]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1991; 24:210-3, 252. [PMID: 1954791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the result of electroneurophysiological study of the pattern shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) on six pairs of schizophrenic twins. The result indicated that there were significant differences in the inter-pair variance between MZ and DZ in latency P2, amplitude P2-N2 and P2 of using PS-VEP. AEP was also used for this group cases, and the result showed the presence of statistical differences in the inter-pair variance of latency N2, amplitude N1-P2 and P2. The authors speculated upon that the above six electrophysiological markers may be related to genetic factors, which had been proved by the blood group, character, clinical symptoms and treatment response of those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Mental Health
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10969
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Liu J, Zhang M. [Immunoglobulin study on experimental retina detachment]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1991; 71:455-8. [PMID: 1660769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10970
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Chen G, Shen Y, Zhang M, Zhu Z, Wang D, Liu X, Ma S. [Studies on warming the middle-jiao and analgesic effect of flos Caryophylli]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991; 16:429-32, 448 proceeding. [PMID: 1910510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of water extract and ether extract of Flos Caryophylli have been investigated by four experimental gastric ulcer models, choleresis in rats, two diarrhea models in mice, two pain stimulations in mice, and acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in rats. The results suggest that the action of Flos Caryophylli on dispelling the cold by warming the middle-jiao and curing abdominalgia is related to its anti-ulcer, choleresis increasing, anti-diarrhea and analgesic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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10971
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Chen SH, Zhang M, Lovrien EW, Scott CR, Thompson AR. CG dinucleotide transitions in the factor IX gene account for about half of the point mutations in hemophilia B patients: a Seattle series. Hum Genet 1991; 87:177-82. [PMID: 2066105 DOI: 10.1007/bf00204177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia B is due to multiple molecular defects in the factor IX gene. Over 80% of mutations are single base substitutions. By amplification and direct sequencing, 51 single base substitutions were found in the transcribed sequence of the factor IX genes of patients from 50 distinct families with hemophilia B. These include 30 mutations in 29 families not previously reported by us; of these, 12 are novel, i.e., not previously published in other series. Of the 51 substitutions in our overall series 23 (45%) occurred as C-to-T or G-to-A transitions at 11 sites within CG dinucleotides. It is estimated that CG transitions occur from one to two orders of magnitude more frequently than mutations in nucleotides that are not within a CG pair. More than one family had identical defects for 6 of the CG mutations. At 4 of these sites, most patients had different haplotypes compatible with distinct mutations. Non-CG-type mutations occurred throughout the coding regions with only one mutation in more than one family. The latter included 7 families with a 397 Ile-to-Thr defect that all share a rare haplotype, suggesting a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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10972
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Yoshida T, Zhang M, Chen C, Franz H, Wu HC. Enhancement of the cytotoxicity of mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) by high pH or perturbation in Golgi functions. Pharmazie 1991; 46:349-51. [PMID: 1910176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the cytotoxicity of Mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1), a cytotoxic protein produced by Viscum album, in CHO and V79 cells and in mutant cell lines altered in Golgi functions or in endosomal acidification. In wild-type CHO cells, cytotoxicity of ML-1 was greatly enhanced by ammonium chloride or nigericin. A CHO mutant defective in endosomal acidification (DMPR-2), which is resistant to diphtheria toxin, modeccin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and hypersensitive to ricin, showed increased sensitivity to ML-1. MonR-31 and MF-1 are monensin- and compactin-resistant mutants derived from CHO and V79 cell lines, respectively, and are presumably altered in Golgi functions. The cytotoxicity of ML-1 was found to be increased in both MonR-31 and MF-1 cells as compared with their parental cells. These results indicate that the effects of chemicals or mutations altering endosomal acidification and Golgi functions on the cytotoxicity of ML-1 are similar to those on ricin cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the cytotoxicity of ML-1 is enhanced by an increase in endosomal pH, as well as by chemicals or mutations altering the structure/functions of the Golgi regions. Like ricin, the intoxication process of ML-1 may involve the Golgi regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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10973
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Hosein B, Fang CT, Popovsky MA, Ye J, Zhang M, Wang CY. Improved serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection with synthetic peptide antigen from capsid protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:3647-51. [PMID: 1850834 PMCID: PMC51509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloning and expression of hepatitis C virus have allowed the development of immunoassays to detect hepatitis C virus infection. However, currently available recombinant fusion protein C100-3 assays, based on a nonstructural protein of the virus, are limited in sensitivity, particularly for detecting acute infection. In this report seroconversion panels showed that an assay based on synthetic peptides, derived from immunodominant regions of both capsid and nonstructural proteins, accelerated hepatitis C virus antibody detection by 4-10 weeks. In screening, this enzyme immunoassay increased detection from 47% to 64% in plasmapheresis donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (greater than 100 international units per liter), from 15% to 24% in anti-hepatitis B core antigen-positive blood donors, and from 28% to 42% in renal dialysis patients when compared with nonstructural peptide-based assays. The screening assay was repeatedly reactive for 27 of 2902 volunteer blood donor samples (0.93%); four sera reacted only with the capsid antigen. The peptide test distinguished true from false positive results in agreement with recombinant immunoblot assay in 96% of blood donor samples repeatably reactive on a recombinant hepatitis C virus enzyme immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hosein
- United Biomedical, Inc., Lake Success, NY 11042
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10974
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
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10975
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Zhang M. [Pharmakinetics of carboplatin in cancer patients]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1991; 13:120-2. [PMID: 1652416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmakinetics of carboplatin was studied in 6 cancer patients who received carboplatin (300 mg/m2) by 30 minute intravenous infusion. Platinum plasma concentration was measured by reverse high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that total platinum plasma clearance was biphasic in all patients with a short initial phase half-life of 1.27 hrs and a long second phase half-life of 6.92 hrs. The distribution volume of the drug was 57.78 L/m2 and area under the total platinum concentration curves was 84.71 mg/L.hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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10976
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Zhang M. Treatment of peri-omarthritis with acupuncture at yanglingquan (GB 34). J TRADIT CHIN MED 1991; 11:9-10. [PMID: 1861514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Hospital for Mental Diseases Jiangdu county, Jiangsu Province
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10977
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Zhang M, Shen Y, Xu Q. [Effect of rhizoma Zingiberis on anoxic or cooled mice]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991; 16:170-2, 192. [PMID: 1883502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-anoxic experiments have indicated that the petroleum ether extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis can prolong the survival time in mice poisoned by KCN or under the condition of normobaric hypoxia, as well as decapitation-induced gasping duration in mice, but can not prolong the survival time in mice poisoned by NaNO4. The anti-anoxic action might be related to the reduction rate of O2 consumption of the body. The aqueous extract of Rhizoma Zingiberis does not possess the above-mentioned anti-anoxic action. Both extracts do not affect the survival time in cooled mice.
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10978
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Zhang M, Rosenblum-Vos LS, Lowry CV, Boakye KA, Zitomer RS. A yeast protein with homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins is involved in control of heme-regulated and catabolite-repressed genes. Gene 1991; 97:153-61. [PMID: 1900249 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90047-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AER2 gene is responsible for maintaining repression of at least two distinct regulatory pathways: heme activation/repression and catabolite repression. Mutations in the gene caused an eightfold increase in the expression of the heme-activated CYC1 gene in the absence of heme, a substantial increase in the expression of the heme-repressed ANB1 gene in the presence of heme, and a 13-fold increase in the expression of the catabolite-repressed GAL1 gene in the presence of glucose. Lesser or no increases in the expression of these genes were observed under derepressed or activation conditions. The aer2 mutations also caused a large increase in CYC7 gene expression under all conditions; this gene is subject to heme activation/repression, as well as catabolite repression. The AER2 gene was cloned and the sequence determined. The large open reading frame contiguous with the transcript from the complementing region encoded a 713-amino acid polypeptide chain with extensive homology to the beta-subunit of G proteins. The sequence revealed that AER2 is the TUP1 gene. A deletion mutation was constructed and the null phenotype was the same as the original mutants. The aer2 null mutant was shown to have increased aerobic and anaerobic levels of RNA encoding the ROX1 repressor, normally expressed only aerobically and responsible for the aerobic repression of ANB1 expression. The increase in both ROX1 and ANB1 RNAs aerobically in this mutant suggests that the repressor is nonfunctional in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Albany 12222
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10979
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Owen TA, Bortell R, Yocum SA, Smock SL, Zhang M, Abate C, Shalhoub V, Aronin N, Wright KL, van Wijnen AJ. Coordinate occupancy of AP-1 sites in the vitamin D-responsive and CCAAT box elements by Fos-Jun in the osteocalcin gene: model for phenotype suppression of transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:9990-4. [PMID: 2124710 PMCID: PMC55300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein and marker of the mature osteoblast, is expressed only in nonproliferating osteoblasts in a mineralizing extracellular matrix, while type I collagen is expressed in proliferating cells. The nuclear proteins encoded by the c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes are expressed during the proliferation period of osteoblast phenotype development. We present evidence that AP-1 (HeLa cell-activating protein 1) sites residing within two promoter elements of the osteocalcin gene bind the Fos-Jun protein complex: the osteocalcin box (OC box; nucleotides -99 to -76), which contains a CCAAT motif as a central element and influences tissue-specific basal levels of osteocalcin gene transcription, and the vitamin D-responsive element (VDRE; nucleotides -462 to -440), which mediates enhancement of osteocalcin gene transcription. Gel electrophoretic mobility-shift analysis demonstrated high AP-1 binding activity in proliferating osteoblasts and dramatic changes in this activity after the down-regulation of proliferation and the initiation of extracellular-matrix mineralization in primary cultures of normal diploid osteoblasts. Methylation interference analysis established at single nucleotide resolution that purified recombinant Fos and Jun proteins bind in a sequence-specific manner to the AP-1 sites within the VDRE and OC box. Similarly, an AP-1 motif within a putative VDRE of the alkaline phosphatase gene, which is also expressed after the completion of proliferation, binds the Fos-Jun complex. These results support a model in which coordinate occupancy of the AP-1 sites in the VDRE and OC box in proliferating osteoblasts may suppress both basal level and vitamin D-enhanced osteocalcin gene transcription as well as transcription of other genes associated with osteoblast differentiation--a phenomenon we describe as phenotype suppression. This model is further supported by binding of the Fos-Jun complex at an AP-1 site in the type alpha I collagen promoter that is contiguous with, but not overlapping, the VDRE. Such a sequence organization in the collagen VDRE motif is compatible with vitamin D modulation of collagen but not with osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression in proliferating osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655
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10980
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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10981
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Lövgren A, Zhang M, Engström A, Dalhammar G, Landén R. Molecular characterization of immune inhibitor A, a secreted virulence protease from Bacillus thuringiensis. Mol Microbiol 1990; 4:2137-46. [PMID: 2089225 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gene for the secreted neutral metalloprotease, immune inhibitor A (InA), from Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence has been confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing. The central part of the amino acid sequence showed similarity to the active site in thermolysin. Southern and Western blots show that InA-related sequences are common among other B. thuringiensis subspecies. In Western blots, 17 out of 25 tested species gave a positive signal. Culture filtrates from subspecies expressing InA were toxic when injected in Trichoplusia ni larvae, whereas filtrate from a strain negative in Western blot had no effect when injected. The LD50 dose of purified InA protein injected in T. ni larvae was 12.5 +/- 2.5 ng per mg of larval body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lövgren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stockholm, Sweden
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10982
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Liu Z, Zhang M, Phillips JB. High-Speed Gas Chromatographic Analysis of a Simulated Process Stream using On-Column Thermal Desorption Modulation for Sample Preconcentration and Introduction. J Chromatogr Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/28.11.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10983
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Koizumi J, Zhang M, Imanaka T, Aiba S. Does single-amino-acid replacement work in favor of or against improvement of the thermostability of immobilized enzyme? Appl Environ Microbiol 1990; 56:3612-4. [PMID: 2176451 PMCID: PMC185035 DOI: 10.1128/aem.56.11.3612-3614.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostabilities of kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase and of its mutants that became thermostable, in the free state, because of single-amino-acid replacements were studied after immobilization of the enzymes on cyanogen bromide-activated Sephadex G-200 particles. Lys in place of Gln at position 102 decreased the thermostability of the immobilized enzyme, whereas replacement with other amino acids enhanced it.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koizumi
- Department of Applied Biology, Shimane University, Japan
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10984
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Zhong LF, Zhang JG, Zhang M, Ma SL, Xia YX. Protection against cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and kidney damage by procaine in rats. Arch Toxicol 1990; 64:599-600. [PMID: 2073136 DOI: 10.1007/bf01971843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10985
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Zhang JH, Li LS, Zhang M. Clinical effects of rheum and captopril on preventing progression of chronic renal failure. Chin Med J (Engl) 1990; 103:788-93. [PMID: 2125252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical trial, to evaluate the effects of a Chinese herbal drug, Rheum E and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril on chronic renal failure (CRF), was conducted. Thirty cases with initial serum creatinine (Scr) levels of 344.8 +/- 114.0 mumol/L were allocated randomly to 3 groups: Rheum E treated group, Captopril treated group and Rheum E + Captopril group. A control group of 12 cases were on dietary therapy alone. During the 6-22 months of treatment, all the patients were kept on low-protein (0.6g/kg/d), and low-phosphorus (10mg/kg/d) diet. The results showed that the progression rate of renal failure, calculated by regression analysis of 1/Scr vs time, was found to be retarded after treatment with the increased regression coefficient (b value). Scr levels and blood urea nitrogen were kept stable or fell slightly. Albumin rose during the follow-up period (P less than 0.05) in the treated patients, being more marked in both Rheum E and Rheum E + Captopril groups. Uremic symptoms of nausea, anorexia improved in most of the treated patients. It is concluded that long-term low-dose Rheum E taken orally is beneficial to CRF. Its effect is better than that of Captopril. The regime of Rheum E and Captopril is a preferable choice in the long-term treatment for preventing progression of CRF.
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10986
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Zhang M, Chen S. [Discussion on the significance of detecting ventricular late potential in coronary heart disease]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1990; 18:285-7. [PMID: 2086192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10987
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Wu SY, Zhang M, Zhu BQ, Huang HY, Zhang XG. [Changes of the microcirculating blood volume in the reproductive axis during estrous cycle of the rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1990; 42:509-13. [PMID: 2278009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The microcirculating blood volume of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the female rats was measured using radiobiomicrosphere method during the estrous cycle. The blood flow volume of the hypothalamus and the pituitary was not significantly different between each phase of the estrous cycle. The ovarian blood flow volume was the highest in metestrus and the lowest in estrus. The difference between them was significant (P less than 0.02). The uterine blood flow volume was the highest in metestrus and remained at higher level in diestrus and then changed to the lowest in estrus. The values in metestrus and diestrus were significantly higher than that in estrus (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, respectively). The blood flow volume of the oviduct in proestrus was significantly lower than that in estrus (P less than 0.05). The above results suggest that the cyclic changes of the blood volume of the ovary, uterus and oviduct are closely related to their functional state and the hormonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Family Planning of Hebei Province
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10988
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Akovali YA, Toth KS, Bingham CR, Kassim MB, Zhang M, Carter HK, Hamilton WD, Kormicki J. Identification of 186Au alpha activity. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:1130-1132. [PMID: 9966831 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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10989
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Zhang M. [Prevalence study on dementia and Alzheimer disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1990; 70:424-8, 30. [PMID: 2174278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological survey on dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) was carried out in a community of 5055 persons over the age of 55 at Jingan district of Shanghai. Diagnoses were made according to the diagnostic criteria of dementia of DSM-III-R and of AD of NINCDS-ADRDA. It was found that dementia is not uncommon in the aged, and AD was the leading category of dementia. The age and sex adjusted prevalence rate of dementia was 2.57% in those over 55, 3.46% in those over 60, and 4.61% in those over 65, and that of AD was 1.50%, 2.05% and 2.90% respectively. Beside age, the other risk factors were female sex, bereavement of spouse, low education and unfavorable socio-economic status.
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10990
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Zhang M. [Preparation on monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors and their inhibitory effects on attachment and spreading of tumor cells]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1990; 70:311-4, 22. [PMID: 2169978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors (LN) isolated from a highly metastatic human giant cell carcinoma of lung (PG) were prepared by routine hybridoma technique. Two positive clones secreted monoclonal antibodies against laminin receptors, one of which was named McB1. McB1 was bound more efficiently to LN-R of cultured PG tumor cells immunohistochemically. McB1 could markedly inhibit the attachment and spreading of S-180 mouse ascitic tumor cells and PG tumor cells on laminin substrate. Monoclonal antibody against LN-R is definitely useful in studying the interaction between tumor cells and extracellular matrix and the molecular mechanisms of invasion and metastases of tumor cells.
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10991
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Zhang S, Zhaug Y, Liu X, Liu Q, Zhang M, He Y. [Detection of sorbitol content in crystalline lens of normal rats and rats with diabetic cataract by 1H-NMR]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1990; 21:125-7. [PMID: 2391091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pulse Fourier NMR was employed to measure the artificial diabetic cataract lens at various stages of its formation, and the lenses of the normal rats. Data obtained by using this method show that all the peaks that of water concentrate in the range of delta less than 4 ppm. The peak value at delta = 3.20 ppm is on a marked increase during the formation of cataract which is caused by the phosphate metabolites, such as GPC, ATP, ... etc, in cataract lens. With the development of the disease, the peak width at delta = 3.73 ppm becomes greater and greater, which shows that the activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase has decreased. This leads to a high concentration of the sorbitol in the cataract lens. Consequently, the osmosis pressure in the cataract lens is increased, and excessive water might dip into the crystalline lens to keep the balance of the osmosis pressure. And this might result in the hydration of the fiber cell of the crystalline lens, which might cause a swelling or blisters. These results are in favour of the prolongation of the relaxation time of cataractous lens reported in our other papers, and also support those gained by biochemical studies issued in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Chengdu University of Technicses and Sciences
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10992
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Hu X, Liu Q, Bai F, Zhang M. [Study on the variation of relaxation time in diabetic cataractous lenses of rats by using NMRA]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1990; 21:128-30. [PMID: 2167872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMRA) was used to measure the relaxation time T1 and T2 of the protons in the different-stage-diseased lenses of rats with diabetic cataract caused by the streptozotocin, and the results were put in comparison with those obtained from the control group, showing that after one month of medication the values of T1 and T2 in the cataractous lenses are greater than those gained from the control group. The variation, as time goes on, becomes greater and greater. T1 and T2 indicate the speed of the free induction decay (FID) signals, and the variation of the FID signals are in direct proportion to that of the proton content of the samples. This shows that an increase in T1 and T2 indicates an increase in the water content in the diseased lenses, and the changes in ratio of "bound" water to free water. Such changes may be explained that the space for "bound" water is occupied by some other macromolecules, causing the alteration of the macromolecular structure, and consequently the aggregation of protein and the degeneration or dehydration or dehydration of the membrane occur, which may give rise to another scattering centre. So the scattering of the lens increases and its transparency decreases. This result is in agreement with some reports in the medical literature. As T1 and T2 are quite different in the normal and pathological tissues, and the protons are the most extensive nucleus in all biological tissues, NMR is a very important method to determine the proton relaxation time in the biological tissue and to judge if it is normal or not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Chengdu University of Technicses and Sciences
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10993
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Wu TH, Mu QL, Zhang M, Liu GS, Lin LM, Xu JN. Budd-Chiari syndrome. Surgical treatment of 45 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1990; 103:400-5. [PMID: 2118057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourty-five patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome were treated surgically from December 1985 to May 1988. The procedures consisted of cavoatrial shunt, mesoatrial shunt, transcardiac membranotomy, splenopneumopexy, portal vein-systemic vein shunt and re-opened umbilical vein-right auricle shunt, etc. Two of the patients died postoperatively. Others showed improvement after follow-up for 3-24 months. Recurrent hemorrhage from varices did not occur after operation in all patients. The diagnosis, surgical indications, and various methods of surgery for Budd-Chiari syndrome were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan
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10994
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Zhang M. [Clinical study of 30 cases of affective disorder with mental retardation]. Zhonghua Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi 1990; 23:69-71, 125. [PMID: 2390875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thirty cases of affective disorder with mental retardation (MR) were reported. The prevalence of affective disorder, clinic characteristics and cause of misdiagnosis in these patients were discussed. Authors found that the criteria of affective disorder set by Chinese Medical Association (1984) can be used in the patients with mild or moderate MR. Typical elated mood and flight of idea were rare. The major symptoms of these patients include hyperactivity or hypoactivity, hyperplasia or bradylogia, and increase or decrease of instinctive behavior. The atypical symptoms in manic-depressive psychoses are more common in these cases. In the most of these patients, the good result has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Jiangsu
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10995
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Wu ZS, Yao CH, Chen DY, Li N, Zhang M, Wu YY, Zhao D, Wu GX, Wu YK. The Sino-MONICA-Beijing study: Report on results between 1984 and 1986. Health Policy 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-8510(90)90374-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10996
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Wang NS, Zhang M, Thompson AR, Chen SH. Factor IX Chongqing: a new mutation in the calcium-binding domain of factor IX resulting in severe hemophilia B. Thromb Haemost 1990; 63:24-6. [PMID: 2339358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A Chinese patient with sporadic, severe hemophilia B was found to have a low level of total factor IX antigen (3.5 U/dl), but less apparent antigen in an assay using a calcium-dependent antibody fraction (1.1 U/dl). This suggested a defect in the factor IX Gla domain coded mainly by exon 2 of the factor IX gene. Exon 2 was therefore amplified and sequenced. An A to T substitution was found at nucleotide 6455 of the patient's factor IX gene. This transversion changes the codon for Glu 27 in normal factor IX to a codon for Val. Since Glu 27 becomes an essential Gla residue, the defect should result in altered calcium-binding or calcium-dependent conformation of the patient's factor IX. The introduction of a hydrophobic side chain also appears to affect the hemophilic protein's stability. In leukocyte DNA from the patient's mother, the nucleotide sequence of exon 2 was entirely normal. Thus, barring somatic mosaicism within her germ cells, the new mutation occurred in oogenesis of her ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
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10997
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Espinosa de los Monteros A, Zhang M, Gordon MN, Kumar S, Scully SA, de Vellis J. The myelin-deficient rat mutant: partial recovery of oligodendrocyte maturation in vitro. Dev Neurosci 1990; 12:326-39. [PMID: 2289414 DOI: 10.1159/000111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological and immunocytochemical identification and characterization of the myelin-forming cell, the oligodendrocyte, have defined a model system for developmental studies. The myelin-deficient (md) rat mutant lacks myelin in the central nervous system and fails to express the normal developmental increase in oligodendroglial and myelin markers, apparently as a consequence of a point mutation in the proteolipid protein gene. In the present work, we compared the developmental pattern of primary glial cultures derived from newborn md rat brains to those derived from wild-type animals. Brain cell suspensions were prepared from each rat pup and cultured separately. We found by immunocytochemical and enzymatic analyses for the various markers that the developmental cascade of oligodendroglial marker expression is delayed, oligodendrocytes failing to mature compared to normal cultures. However, a partial recovery of marker expression was observed in md-derived cultures as compared to development previously reported in the intact md animals. We suggest that the partial recovery of the sequential expression of oligodendroglial markers may be due to a supportive environment provided to the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (1) by tissue culture conditions or (2) by the absence of the blood-brain barrier in contrast to its presence in the intact animal.
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10998
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Belcher JW, Bridge HS, Bagenal F, Coppi B, Divers O, Eviatar A, Gordon GS, Lazarus AJ, McNutt RL, Ogilvie KW, Richardson JD, Siscoe GL, Sittler EC, Steinberg JT, Sullivan JD, Szabo A, Villanueva L, Vasyliunas VM, Zhang M. Plasma Observations Near Neptune: Initial Results from Voyager 2. Science 1989; 246:1478-83. [PMID: 17756003 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4936.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The plasma science experiment on Voyager 2 made observations of the plasma environment in Neptune's magnetosphere and in the surrounding solar wind. Because of the large tilt of the magnetic dipole and fortuitous timing, Voyager entered Neptune's magnetosphere through the cusp region, the first cusp observations at an outer planet. Thus the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere observed by Voyager 2 was not sharp but rather appeared as a gradual decrease in plasma density and temperature. The maximum plasma density observed in the magnetosphere is inferred to be 1.4 per cubic centimeter (the exact value depends on the composition), the smallest observed by Voyager in any magnetosphere. The plasma has at least two components; light ions (mass, 1 to 5) and heavy ions (mass, 10 to 40), but more precise species identification is not yet available. Most of the plasma is concentrated in a plasma sheet or plasma torus and near closest approach to the planet. A likely source of the heavy ions is Triton's atmosphere or ionosphere, whereas the light ions probably escape from Neptune. The large tilt of Neptune's magnetic dipole produces a dynamic magnetosphere that changes configuration every 16 hours as the planet rotates.
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10999
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Li JA, Chen ZQ, Liu XQ, Zhang M. [A study on the promotion of adhesion properties of adhesives to metals treated by positive oxidation]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1989; 20:397-400. [PMID: 2698370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion to three alloys: Durabond, GH30 and soft Co-Cr, by PE adhesive was investigated. The surfaces of metals were treated by polishing, sand-blasting, positive-oxidation and complex processing in order to test the tensile bond strengths between metals and PE adhesive; to study the effects of the surface treatment of metals on adhesive properties; and to compare the tensile strength with that from the control experiment with EB composite resin and Panavia-EX resin under the same conditions. The results showed the mean tensile bond strengths between PE adhesive and Durabond, GH30 and soft Co-Cr alloys after the treatment of sandblasting and positive oxidation were 214.65 +/- 51.68 kg/cm2, 372.88 +/- 21.88 kg/cm2 and 349.21 +/- 48.32 kg/cm2 respectively, displaying better adhesive properties and stability of resistance to water.
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11000
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Zhang H, Zhang M, Liu L. [Comparison of effect in the change of respiration by stimulating three trigeminal subnucleus]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1989; 41:602-7. [PMID: 2626687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed on 31 rabbits. After recovery from surgical anesthesia the change of respiration were observed in various experimental conditions, under which original nucleus of trigemini (ONT), terminal nucleus of trigemini (TNT), spinal tractus nucleus of trigemini (SNT) were respectively stimulated by an electrical current (EC) or monosodium glutamate (MSG) or lidocaine (LID). Because SNT had a longitudinal long shape, three different sections of SNT were selected as stimulating points respectively, namely rostral point (A2.33 mm), middle point (AP0 mm) and caudal point P1.9 mm). Phrenic nerve discharge and its integrated curve, PCO2 and blood pressure were recorded by a RM-6000 polygraph. The results indicated that the stimulations of EC and MSG to SNT and TNT enhanced respiratory activity obviously. Stimulation of EC and MSG to ONT caused much less enhancement of respiration. Microinjection of LID to TNT and ONT decreased respiratory activity, but microinjection of LID to SNT increased. The present experiment concluded that stimulation of SNT and TNT could cause significant change in respiration.
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