1151
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Sehgal SC, Dhawan S, Chhiber S, Sharma M, Talwar P. Frequency and significance of fungal isolations from conjunctival sac and their role in ocular infections. Mycopathologia 1981; 73:17-9. [PMID: 7219508 DOI: 10.1007/bf00443007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Five hundred conjunctival swabs, from 150 males and 100 females with no history of ocular infections, were collected and cultured for the isolations of fungi. Eighty (16%) of the total specimens yielded positive fungal isolations. The isolation rate was more from the males than the females subjects. Mycelial fungi were predominant than the yeast organisms. Aspergillus species were the commonest isolates with A. flavus taking the lead in the isolations being positive 16 of the total 24 Aspergillus species isolated. A variable rate of fungal isolations was observed in different months of the year. The percentage of the isolations increases after the local use of Efcorlin-N. Nineteen of the 20 eyes studied did not yield the same fungal species in the repeated samples.
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1152
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Sethi BB, Sharma M, Srivastava A. Social interaction and neuroses (the family and the primary group): a pilot study. Indian J Psychiatry 1981; 23:33-9. [PMID: 22058512 PMCID: PMC3013182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work examines the social interaction with the primary group of 30 neurotic patients and 30 matched controls. A comparison of the degree of family jointness in the two groups was also done keeping in view the nature of Indian family system and to find out the association, if any, it bears to social interaction. Evaluation instruments were Social Interaction Schedule (Henderson et al., 1978) and Khatri's Scale to Measure Jointness of Families in India (1970). The findings indicate that neurotic patients do not have a deficient primary group, as far as the numerical size and the duration and type of interaction is concerned. However, the patients appear to be less active than controls in making contacts with members of their primary group outside their household. Further, our group of patients perceived their personal lives to be deficient in some respects. Patients and controls did not differ with regard to the degree of family jointness as measured on Khatri's Scale.
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1153
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Sharma DC, Sharma M, Rathore AS, Gupta OP, Dube MK, Simlot MM. Effect of silver, gold & mercury colloids on erythrocyte & iron metabolism. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1980; 18:1309-11. [PMID: 7216294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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1154
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Ayyagari A, Kumar L, Sharma M, Chitlangya SN, Agarwal KC. Counter current immunoelectrophoresis in the rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis. Indian J Med Res 1980; 72:627-31. [PMID: 6970723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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1155
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Sethi BB, Prakash R, Sharma M, Sahai J. Tricyclic anti-depressant induced mania. Indian J Psychiatry 1980; 22:378-83. [PMID: 22058504 PMCID: PMC3013604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report four cases of Monopolar Depressed patients who developed manic features for the first time while on tricyclic antidepressant therapy. The phenomenon is viewed as tricyclic antidepressant induced mania. The manic symptoms occurred late in therapy, with moderate doses of tricyclic antidepressants (125-150 mg per day) and were easily controlled with antipsychotic medication. Factors relating to age of patients, metabolic products of tricyclic antidepressants and central nor-adrenergic and dopaminergic systems are considered important and their role has been discussed.
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1156
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Nasar SAK, Sharma M. Primary Productivity in Relation to the Abiotic Factors in a Temporary Freshwater Pond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1521-401x.1980.tb00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1157
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Sharma M, Korytnyk W. Fluorinated carbohydrates as potential plasma-membrane modifiers and inhibitors: synthesis of 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-mannopyranose hydrochloride. Carbohydr Res 1980; 83:163-9. [PMID: 7407798 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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1158
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Mathur PP, Dharker SR, Agarwal SK, Sharma M. Fluid chronic extradural haematoma. SURGICAL NEUROLOGY 1980; 14:81-2. [PMID: 7414491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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1159
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Sharma SC, Talwar P, Kumar B, Sharma M, Kaur S, Bedi TR. Tinea Cruris in Chandigarh. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1980; 46:216-217. [PMID: 28218071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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1160
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Sharma M, Swaminathan U, Iyer M. Effects of neonatal protein undernutrition on rat brain phosphoinositides. INDIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOPHYSICS 1980; 17:246-7. [PMID: 6256286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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1161
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Abstract
Modifications at C-3 and C-4 of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose have been developed. A 3,4-double bond was introduced into benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4-di-O-methylsulfonyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside by treatment with NaI and Zn. Epoxidation of the double bond with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid gave an exo-epoxide exclusively. The stereochemistry of the epoxidation product has been confirmed by an alternative synthesis. An analysis of the 1H-n.m.r. spectra indicates that both the 3,4-unsaturated derivatives and the epoxide exist in the OH1 (D) conformation. Nucleophilic reagents (F-, I-) opened the 3,4-epoxide to give 4-substituted derivatives having the D-gulo configuration. Thus, 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,4-dideoxy-4-iodo-alpha-D-gulopyranose and 2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-3,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-alpha-D-gulopyranose have been synthesized. Reduction of the double bond in the key intermediate and deprotection gave 2-acetamido-2,3,4-trideoxy-D-glucopyranose. Some of the derivatives were active as inhibitors of growth of mouse, mammary adenocarcinoma cells in culture.
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1162
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Sethi BB, Sharma M. Depressive disorders and family constellation. Indian J Psychiatry 1980; 22:69-73. [PMID: 22058442 PMCID: PMC3013336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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1163
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Sharma M, Dhanendran M, Hutton WC, Corbett M. Changes in load bearing in the rheumatoid foot. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38:549-52. [PMID: 539846 PMCID: PMC1000417 DOI: 10.1136/ard.38.6.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A study of peak force exerted under areas of the foot was made in 27 patients with rheumatoid disease and in 30 normal persons. Patients were found to exert considerably less force under their toes and under the first metatarsal head and more force under the 3 outer metatarsal heads. It was possible to correlate these changes with increasing clinical and radiological severity.
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1164
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Sethi N, Manchanda M, Sharma M. Maternal drug histories and congenital abnormalities. Indian J Pediatr 1979; 46:406-10. [PMID: 546759 DOI: 10.1007/bf02902973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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1165
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Ayyagari A, Kumar L, Agarwal KC, Sharma M, Pande D. Counter current immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children. Indian J Med Res 1979; 70:168-72. [PMID: 316423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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1166
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1167
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Sharma M, Wang JH. Evidence against phosphorylation of ADP by oleoyl phosphate catalyzed by submitochondrial particles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 84:144-50. [PMID: 728121 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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1168
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Sharma M, Shanker K, Bhargava KP, Kishor K. Synthesis and amoebicidal activity of novel substituted quinolines. Indian J Med Res 1978; 67:165-9. [PMID: 207641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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1169
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Sharma M. Shock. Indian Pediatr 1977; 14:1007-10. [PMID: 615158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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1170
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Nakhasi HL, Sharma M, Singh H. Effects of prenatal and neonatal nutritional deficiencies on the 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase activity in the brain and spinal cord of rats. Exp Neurol 1977; 57:659-65. [PMID: 200447 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(77)90099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1171
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Slaunwhite WR, Sharma M. Effects of hypophysectomy and prolactin replacement therapy on prostatic response to androgen in orchiectomized rats. Biol Reprod 1977; 17:489-92. [PMID: 922084 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod17.4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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1172
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Chan DW, Sharma M, Slaunwhite WR. The chemistry of human transcortin. Improved affinity matrices for the purification of transcortin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 182:197-202. [PMID: 883831 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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1173
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Sharma M, Korytnyk W. A general and convenient method for synthesis of 6-fluoro-6-deoxyhexoes. Tetrahedron Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)92697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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1174
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Newbrun E, Finzen F, Sharma M. Inhibition of adherence of Streptococcus mutans to glass surfaces. Caries Res 1977; 11:153-9. [PMID: 265756 DOI: 10.1159/000260261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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1175
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Bernacki RJ, Sharma M, Porter NK, Rustum Y, Paul B, Korythyk W. Biochemical characteristics, metabolism, and antitumor activity of several acetylated hexosamines. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1977; 7:235-50. [PMID: 599936 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400070208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized several potential inhibitors and/or modifiers of the carbohydrate portion of plasma membrane glycoconjugates. These include fluorinated and actylated analogs of D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, and D-mannosamine. These compounds have been tested to determine their effects on both[14C] glucosamine and [3H] leucine incorporation into glycoconjugate and on cell growth and viability using P-288 murine lymphoma cells maintained in tissue culture. The most cytotoxic agent tested was 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranose or simply beta-pentaacetylglucosamine which prevented cell growth at 10(-4)-10(-3) M. beta-Pentaacetylglucosamine cytotoxicity was correlated with its high lipid solubility, having an octanol/water partition coefficient of 0.424 as compared with 0.278 for the alpha-anomer and 0.017 for N-acetylglucosamine. In vitro metabolism studies with [4C]- and/or [3H]-labeled pentaacetylglucosamine have indicated intracellular de-O-acetylation leading to the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, followed by the incorporation of this sugar into cellular glycoprotein. Concomitant with the formation of increased amounts of this nucleotide sugar, intracellular UTP and CTP pools fell to one third normal within 3 h after the administration of 1 mM pentaacetylglucosamine. At present it is unclear whether the cytotoxicity of beta-pentaacetylglucosamine or other similar agents is due to alterations in nucleotide and nucleotide-sugar pools causing a decrease in energy charge and polynucleotide biosynthesis or is due to a direct effect on membrane glycoconjugate biosynthesis.
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1176
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Paegle RD, Kiefer L, Sharma M. Letter: Nationwide review of autopsy utility suggested. JAMA 1976; 235:2080-1. [PMID: 946528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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1177
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Abstract
A series of aza-steroids was synthesized containing chromophoric groups, such as a, beta-unsaturated ketones and doubly unsaturated conjugated and monoconjugated heteroannular dienones with the heteroatom in the D ring at the 20 and 17a positions. The effect of an appositely placed electronegative center in these molecules upon their ultraviolet absorptions was studied. In order to obtain a basis for the observed spectral changes, the corresponding carbocyclic compounds were also synthesized. The maximum absorptions of the aza-steroids were hypsochromically shifted relative to the carbocyclic compounds in all cases (n=8). The displacement caused by the electronegative center on absorption maximum of the chromophores is, however, highly dependent on its location within the molecules.
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1178
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Newbrun E, Sharma M. Further studies on extracellular glucans synthesized by glucosyltransferases of oral streptococci. Caries Res 1976; 10:255-72. [PMID: 1065471 DOI: 10.1159/000260207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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1179
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Saxena H, Mehrotra D, Sharma M. The choice of anti-microbial therapy in urinary infections in children. Indian J Pediatr 1975; 42:341-4. [PMID: 1228104 DOI: 10.1007/bf02919657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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1180
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1181
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Abstract
A study of plasma concentration (P1T, ng/ml), metabolic clearance rate (MCRT, L/day) and blood production rate (PBT, mg/day) was done on seven XYY subjects of various ages and four pair-matched control XY subjects by a radioinfusion technique of 1,2-3H-testosterone. Although MCRT showed no significant difference between the groups, P1T and PBT were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in XYY subjects. Therefore, increased aggressive behavior of the XYY subjects can not be attributed to increased levels or production rates of testosterone.
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1182
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Sharma M, Shastri KD. Delay in rejection of irradiated skin homograft: report of an experiment on albino rats. Indian J Med Res 1975; 63:787-92. [PMID: 765271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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1183
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Sharma M, Dhillon AS, Newbrun E. Cell-bound glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus sanguis strain 804. Arch Oral Biol 1974; 19:1063-72. [PMID: 4531859 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(74)90096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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1184
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1185
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Sharma M. Cultural change and nursing education. THE NURSING JOURNAL OF INDIA 1971; 62:195-6. [PMID: 5209145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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1186
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Cookson RC, Hudec J, Sharma M. Retention of configuration at C-1 of the allyl group in a photochemical 1,3-allylic shift of a benzyl group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/c29710000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1187
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Cookson RC, Hudec J, Sharma M. Retention of configuration at the migrating atom in the photochemical 1,3-allylic shift of a benzyl group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/c29710000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1188
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Ganguly S, Salma KC, Sharma M, Bastola P, Pradhan R. Pattern of fungal isolates in cases of corneal ulcer in the western periphery of Nepal. Nepal J Ophthalmol 1970; 3:118-22. [DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To find out the epidemiologic features in 686 consecutive cases of fungal keratitis presenting in a tertiary eye hospital in the western region of Nepal. Materials and methods: A prospective hospital - based study was carried out on 1880 consecutive patients presenting with corneal ulcer in the outpatient department and cornea clinic of Lumbini Eye Institute, Bhairawa, Nepal. The socio-demographic data, predisposing risk factors, prior treatment modalities, laboratory results and the distribution pattern of fungus species were analyzed. Results: Diagnosis of fungus keratitis was established in 686 (36 %) out of the total study group of 1880 cases. The spectrum of fungi isolated were Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.) in 219 (31.9 %), followed by unidentified dematiaceous 151 (22 %), curvularia 122 (17.7 %) and unidentified hyaline in 111 cases (16.1 %). Men (59.3 %) were more commonly affected than women (40.6 %). The young adults age group of 31-40 years was most commonly involved (26.6 %). Corneal trauma (58 %) and topical steroids (12 %) were the most common predisposing risk factors noted. Conclusion: In contrast to the other studies done in Nepal, we found Fusarium to be the most common fungal isolate causing corneal ulcer followed by unidentified dematiaceous, unidentified hyaline and curvularia. Corneal trauma was the commonest predisposing risk factor in causing fungal keratitis. Keywords: cornea, fungal ulcer, fusarium, unidentified dematiaceous fungus DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v3i2.5262 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011; 3(2): 118-122
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1189
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Sharma M, Mishra SS. A pharmacological study of some abortifacient plants. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1969; 13:139-41. [PMID: 5391431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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1190
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Sharma M, Brown RK. Concerning the mechanism of the reaction of methyllithium with methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-allopyranoside to form 4,6-O-benzylidene- 1,2-didehydro-1,2-dideoxy-2-methyl-D-ribo-hexopyranose. CAN J CHEM 1968. [DOI: 10.1139/v68-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports the view that methyllithium, which contains no iodide or bromide ions as competitors, reacts with methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-allopyranoside to form, first, methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-methyl-α-D-altropyranoside. The latter compound then reacts with excess methyllithium to form 4,6-O-benzylidene-1,2-didehydro-1,2-dideoxy-2-methyl-D-ribo-hexopyranose by loss of methyl alcohol.A synthesis of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-methyl-α-D-altropyranoside is given.The reactions of excess lithium iodide, bromide, and chloride with both methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-allopyranoside and methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside are described.
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1191
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Nayak UG, Sharma M, Brown RK. Reductive cleavage with metal in liquid ammonia. III. Olefin formation from the reaction of sodium metal with methyl 4,6-O-ethylidene-3-O,S-dimethyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. CAN J CHEM 1967. [DOI: 10.1139/v67-285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 4,6-O-ethylidene-3-O,S-dimethyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside, when heated in refluxing 1,2-dimethoxyethane with an equimolar quantity of metallic sodium, gave approximately a 75% yield of a mixture of the three olefins, methyl 2,3-didehydro-3-deoxy-4,6-O-ethylidene-S-methyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside (XI), l,2-didehydro-l-deoxy-4,6-O-ethylidene-3-O,S-dimethyl-2-thio-d-ribo-hexopyranose (XII), and methyl 3,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-4,6-O-ethylidene-S-methyl-2-thio-α-d-erythro(or threo)-hexopyranoside (XIII) (tentative). Only compounds XI and XII could be separated and characterized. The structural assignments were based on a comparison with authentic samples and on nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared data, as well as on a comparison with the characteristics of analogous 4,6-O-benzylidene compounds previously reported (2).
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1192
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Nayak UG, Sharma M, Brown RK. Reductive cleavage with metal in liquid ammonia. II. Olefin formation in attempts at selective cleavage of methyl S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-methyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside and its S-methyl analogue by sodium metal in liquid ammonia diluted with 1,2-dimethoxyethane. CAN J CHEM 1967. [DOI: 10.1139/v67-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When methyl S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-methyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside (VI) in liquid ammonia was treated with metallic sodium, a reductive cleavage occurred to give methyl 3-O-methyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside in an 85% yield. In the solvent 1,2-dimethoxy-ethane, the reaction of sodium with VI gave little, if any, reductive cleavage. Instead, a base-catalyzed elimination of methanol took place to give the two olefins methyl,S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-didehydro-3-deoxy-2-thio-α-d-erythro-hexopyranoside (IX) and S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-l,2-didehydro-1-deoxy-3-O-methyl-2-thio-d-ribo-hexopyranose (X). Under the alkaline reaction conditions, IX isomerized partly to a third olefin, methyl.S-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-2-thio-α-d-erythro(threo)-hexopyranoside (XI).In the mixed solvent liquid ammonia and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, sodium reacted with VI to give a 33% yield of the 2,3-olefin IX. Other products, no doubt present, were not isolated in this experiment.Three analogous olefins were obtained from the reaction of sodium or basic reagents with methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O,S-dimethyl-2-thio-α-d-altropyranoside (VIa) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
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1193
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Sharma M, Brown RK. THE PREPARATION OF 4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-GLUCAL AND THE REACTION OF METHYLLITHIUM WITH METHYL 2,3-ANHYDRO-4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-α-D-ALLOPYRANOSIDE. CAN J CHEM 1966. [DOI: 10.1139/v66-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-glucal has been prepared by the reaction of benzaldehyde with D-glucal. The reaction of commercial methyllithium with methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-allopyranoside produces the C2-methylated 1,2-unsaturated compound 4,6-O-benzylidene-1,2-didehydro-1,2-dideoxy-2-methyl-D-ribo-hexopyranose. Their structures have been proven by first-order analyses of their nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
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