Study of Open-Charm Decays and Radiative Transitions of the X(3872)

The processes X(3872)→D^{*0}D[over ¯]^{0}+c.c.,γJ/ψ,γψ(2S), and γD^{+}D^{-} are searched for in a 9.0  fb^{-1} data sample collected at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.278 GeV with the BESIII detector. We observe X(3872)→D^{*0}D^{0}[over ¯]+c.c. and find evidence for X(3872)→γJ/ψ with statistical significances of 7.4σ and 3.5σ, respectively. No evident signals for X(3872)→γψ(2S) and γD^{+}D^{-} are found, and the upper limit on the relative branching ratio R_{γψ}≡{B[X(3872)→γψ(2S)]}/{B[X(3872)→γJ/ψ]}<0.59 is set at 90% confidence level. Measurements of branching ratios relative to decay X(3872)→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ are also reported for decays X(3872)→D^{*0}D^{0}[over ¯]+c.c.,γψ(2S),γJ/ψ, and γD^{+}D^{-}, as well as the non-D^{*0}D^{0}[over ¯] three-body decays π^{0}D^{0}D^{0}[over ¯] and γD^{0}D^{0}[over ¯].

Measurements of Absolute Branching Fractions of Fourteen Exclusive Hadronic D Decays to η

Using 2.93  fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we report the first measurements of the absolute branching fractions of 14 hadronic D^{0(+)} decays to exclusive final states with an η, e.g., D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}η, K_{S}^{0}π^{0}η, K^{+}K^{-}η, K_{S}^{0}K_{S}^{0}η, K^{-}π^{+}π^{0}η, K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-}η, K_{S}^{0}π^{0}π^{0}η, and π^{+}π^{-}π^{0}η; D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η, K_{S}^{0}K^{+}η, K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}η, K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{0}η, π^{+}π^{+}π^{-}η, and π^{+}π^{0}π^{0}η. Among these decays, the D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}η and D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η decays have the largest branching fractions, which are B(D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}η)=(1.853±0.025_{stat}±0.031_{syst})% and B(D^{+}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}η)=(1.309±0.037_{stat}±0.031_{syst})%, respectively. The charge-parity asymmetries for the six decays with highest event yields are determined, and no statistically significant charge-parity violation is found.

First Observation of D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and Measurement of Its Decay Dynamics

By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure for the first time the absolute branching fraction of the D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} decay to be B_{D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(10.4±1.0_{stat}±0.5_{syst})×10^{-4}. Using the world averaged value of B_{D^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be B_{D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}=0.91±0.13_{(stat+syst)}, which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within uncertainty. By studying the differential decay rates in five four-momentum transfer intervals, we obtain the product of the hadronic form factor f_{+}^{η}(0) and the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cd}| to be f_{+}^{η}(0)|V_{cd}|=0.087±0.008_{stat}±0.002_{syst}. Taking the input of |V_{cd}| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine f_{+}^{η}(0)=0.39±0.04_{stat}±0.01_{syst}. On the other hand, using the value of f_{+}^{η}(0) calculated in theory, we find |V_{cd}|=0.242±0.022_{stat}±0.006_{syst}±0.033_{theory}.

First Observation of D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} and Measurement of Its Decay Dynamics

By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93  fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure for the first time the absolute branching fraction of the D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ} decay to be B_{D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ}}=(10.4±1.0_{stat}±0.5_{syst})×10^{-4}. Using the world averaged value of B_{D^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be B_{D^{+}→ημ^{+}ν_{μ}}/B_{D^{+}→ηe^{+}ν_{e}}=0.91±0.13_{(stat+syst)}, which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within uncertainty. By studying the differential decay rates in five four-momentum transfer intervals, we obtain the product of the hadronic form factor f_{+}^{η}(0) and the c→d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{cd}| to be f_{+}^{η}(0)|V_{cd}|=0.087±0.008_{stat}±0.002_{syst}. Taking the input of |V_{cd}| from the global fit in the standard model, we determine f_{+}^{η}(0)=0.39±0.04_{stat}±0.01_{syst}. On the other hand, using the value of f_{+}^{η}(0) calculated in theory, we find |V_{cd}|=0.242±0.022_{stat}±0.006_{syst}±0.033_{theory}.

1020 Sleep and Glycemic Control in Adults With Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Unawareness

Introduction

Nocturnal hypoglycemia is life threatening for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) due to loss of hypoglycemia symptom recognition (hypoglycemia unawareness) and impaired glucose counterregulation. These individuals also show disturbed sleep, which may result from glycemic dysregulation. Whether use of a hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin delivery system with integrated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) designed for improving glycemic control, relates to better sleep across time in this population remains unknown.

Methods

Six adults (median age=58y,T1D duration=41y) participated in an 18-month ongoing clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of an HCL system. Sleep and glycemic control were measured concurrently using wrist actigraphs and CGM at baseline (1 week) and months 3 and 6 (3 weeks) following HCL initiation. BMI and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected at all timepoints. Spearman’s correlations modeled associations between sleep, BMI, and glycemic control at each time point. Repeated ANOVAs modeled sleep and glycemic control changes from baseline to 3 months and to 6 months.

Results

Sleep and glycemic control indices showed significant associations at baseline and 3 months. More time-in-bed and later sleep offset related to higher HbA1c levels at baseline. Later sleep onset, midpoint and offset, and greater sleep efficiency associated with greater %time with hyperglycemia (glucose &gt;180 mg/dL) or hypoglycemia (glucose &lt;70 mg/dL) at baseline and 3 months. Longer sleep duration and greater sleep efficiency related to greater %time with hyperglycemia at 3 months. At 3 months, more wake after sleep onset associated with lower HbA1c levels and longer nocturnal awakenings and more sleep fragmentation associated with less glycemic variability. While both sleep and glycemic control improved from baseline to 3 and 6 months, these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Various dimensions of actigraphic sleep related to concurrently estimated glycemic indices indicative of poorer glycemic control and HbA1c across time in adults with long-standing T1D and hypoglycemia unawareness.

Support

This work was supported by NIH R01DK117488 (NG), R01DK091331 (MRR), and K99NR017416 (SKM).

Observation of a Resonant Structure in e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0}

A partial-wave analysis is performed for the process e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0} at the center-of-mass energies ranging from 2.000 to 2.644 GeV. The data samples of e^{+}e^{-} collisions, collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider with a total integrated luminosity of 300  pb^{-1}, are analyzed. The total Born cross sections for the process e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0}, as well as the Born cross sections for the subprocesses e^{+}e^{-}→ϕπ^{0}π^{0}, K^{+}(1460)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1400)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-}, and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892), are measured versus the center-of-mass energy. The corresponding results for e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}K^{-}π^{0}π^{0} and ϕπ^{0}π^{0} are consistent with those of BABAR with better precision. By analyzing the cross sections for the four subprocesses, K^{+}(1460)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1400)K^{-}, K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-}, and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892), a structure with mass M=(2126.5±16.8±12.4)  MeV/c^{2} and width Γ=(106.9±32.1±28.1)  MeV is observed with an overall statistical significance of 6.3σ, although with very limited significance in the subprocesses e^{+}e^{-}→K_{1}^{+}(1270)K^{-} and K^{*+}(892)K^{*-}(892). The resonant parameters of the observed structure suggest it can be identified with the ϕ(2170), thus the results provide valuable input to the internal nature of the ϕ(2170).

Toward Orally Absorbed Prodrugs of the Antibiotic Aztreonam. Design of Novel Prodrugs of Sulfate Containing Drugs. Part 2

Aztreonam, first discovered in 1980, is an FDA approved, intravenous, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. Aztreonam is active against Gram-negative bacteria and is still used today. The oral bioavailability of aztreonam in humans is less than 1%. Herein we describe the design and synthesis of potential oral prodrugs of aztreonam.

Measurement of Proton Electromagnetic Form Factors in e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] in the Energy Region 2.00-3.08 GeV

The process of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points (sqrt[s]) from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV, exploiting 688.5  pb^{-1} of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section (σ_{pp[over ¯]}) of e^{+}e^{-}→pp[over ¯] is measured with the energy-scan technique and it is found to be consistent with previously published data, but with much improved accuracy. In addition, the electromagnetic form-factor ratio (|G_{E}/G_{M}|) and the value of the effective (|G_{eff}|), electric (|G_{E}|), and magnetic (|G_{M}|) form factors are measured by studying the helicity angle of the proton at 16 center-of-mass energy points. |G_{E}/G_{M}| and |G_{M}| are determined with high accuracy, providing uncertainties comparable to data in the spacelike region, and |G_{E}| is measured for the first time. We reach unprecedented accuracy, and precision results in the timelike region provide information to improve our understanding of the proton inner structure and to test theoretical models which depend on nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics.

Analysis of Protein Synthesis in Cucumber Leaves after Inoculation with Corynespora cassiicola: A Proteomic Approach

Cucumber target leaf spot (TLS) disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola has become one of the most important fungal foliar diseases of cultivated cucumbers. However, the defense mechanisms of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) against C. cassiicola are still poorly understood. Here, proteins from resistant cucumber plants were analyzed using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) method. A total of 286 differentially expressed proteins were identified (p < 0.05, ratio > 1.2 or < 0.83) 6 and 24 h after pathogen inoculation in the resistant cultivar Jinyou 38 (the data are available via ProteomeXchange; identifier, PXD012903). Some of the early responses to C. cassiicola infection were revealed, and four factors related to the resistance of cucumber plants to TLS were discovered. First, the proteomic approach revealed modulation of signaling pathways in resistant cucumber plants in response to C. cassiicola infection. Second, the plant immune system recognizes the pathogen and initiates expression of immune response proteins, including those related to plant defense, stress response, signal transduction, cell metabolism, and redox regulation. Third, C. cassiicola activates common stress response pathways; in particular, mildew resistance locus O (MLO) proteins were found to play a crucial role in the TLS prevention. Fourth, rapid activation of the carbohydrate and secondary metabolic pathways, modification and reinforcement of cell walls, and adjustment of the apoplastic environment to the highly stressful conditions were crucial in the cucumber resistance to TLS. Overall, our data contribute to the understanding of interactions between plants and their pathogens and provide new insight into molecular processes involved in the resistance of cucumber plants to disease.

[Epidemiological analysis of the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015]

Objective: To analyze the deaths with antiretroviral treatment among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2005 to 2015, in order to understand the epidemiological characteristics and to further reduce the mortality rate in Liangshan Prefecture. Methods: The relevant information was collected through the Management Database of Antiretroviral Treatment from the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System. Results: From 2005 to 2015, a total of 14 219 adult HIV/AIDS patients received antiretroviral treatment and 1 425 death cases were reported during the treatment. The cause of death was mainly AIDS-related diseases (58.9%), and the cumulative mortality rate was 10.02%. Gender, age, the way of infection, duration of antiretroviral therapy, clinical stage when received antiretroviral therapy, and CD(4)(+) T lymphocyte levels were factors for the mortality rate (P<0.001). The mortality increased with older age, higher initiation clinical stage and lower level of CD(4)(+) T lymphocyte. Among the death cases, 82.6% were male, 1 182 (82.9%) were married or cohabited, most aged between 30-39 years old (48.6%). At the initial point of receiving antiretroviral therapy, 49.7% of the cases with CD(4)(+)T lymphocytes levels< 200/μl, 61.2% of the deaths cases were>1 000 copies/ml during the last viral load test, and 16.2% of deaths were ≥500/μl in the last CD(4)(+)T lymphocyte test; 44.5% of deaths were received antiretroviral treatment within one year. Conclusion: Early and timely antiretroviral therapy should be carried out. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of antiretroviral therapy and to improve the management quality of follow-up information of antiretroviral therapy case files, and to improve the medication compliance of patients.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β1/Smad pathway in hepatic carcinoma cells

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is dysregulated in a number of human cancers. Herein, we report that PRMT1 expression is directly associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatic carcinoma cells. Firstly, we find that PRMT1 expression is higher in hepatic carcinoma tissues than that in normal liver tissues at both mRNA and protein levels, and higher expression of PRMT1 correlates with poor survival in liver tumors. The data in vitro reveals that PRMT1 knockdown inhibits the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion, while PRMT1 overexpression promotes the above behaviors in hepatic carcinoma cells. Further studies indicate that PRMT1 knockdown remarkably decreases the expression of mesenchymal markers including Vimentin, Snail and N-cadherin, and upregulates expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin. Conversely, PRMT1 overexpression results in the opposite effects. Additionally, we identified that PRMT1 knockdown resulted in downregulation of TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3, while PRMT1 overexpression activated TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3. These findings suggest that PRMT1 promotes EMT in hepatic carcinoma cells probably via TGF-β1/Smad pathway, and might represent a novel anti-liver cancer strategy.

High-Performance Host-Device Scheduling and Data-Transfer Minimization Techniques for Visualization of 3D Agent-Based Wound Healing Applications

High-fidelity numerical simulations produce massive amounts of data. Analyzing these numerical data sets as they are being generated provides useful insights into the processes underlying the modeled phenomenon. However, developing real-time in-situ visualization techniques to process large amounts of data can be challenging since the data does not fit on the GPU, thus requiring expensive CPU-GPU data copies. In this work, we present a scheduling scheme that achieve real-time simulation and interactivity through GPU hyper-tasking. Furthermore, the CPU-GPU communications were minimized using an activity-aware technique to reduce redundant copies. Our simulation platform is capable of visualizing 1.7 billion protein data points in situ, with an average frame rate of 42.8 fps. This performance allows users to explore large data sets on remote server with real-time interactivity as they are performing their simulations.

Overexpression of miR-145-5p alleviated LPS-induced acute lung injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a disease with high incidence and no effective therapeutic treatments. miR- 145-5p has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in lung injury tissues, suggesting a potential role in the progression and development of ALI. To validate this hypothesis and explore the underlying mechanism, a mouse model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hematoxylin and eosin (Hand E) staining verified the successful establishment of mouse model with ALI. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL- 6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. Mouse type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT II) were isolated and treated with LPS. miR-145-5p was significantly down-regulated both in mice with acute lung injury and LPS-induced AT II cells. Dual luciferase assays confirmed miR-145-5p could target and regulate Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Further analysis showed that miR-145-5p overexpression decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced AT II cells. miR-145-5p overexpression also blocked the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in AT II cells. Finally, in ALI mouse model, miR-145-5p overexpression alleviated lung tissue injury, decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and reduced MPO activity. In conclusion, miR-145-5p participated in the progression and development of ALI by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting NF-κB pathway and suppressing ROS accumulation, shedding light on miR-145-5p as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.

The value of detecting pepsinogen and gastrin-17 levels in serum for pre-cancerous lesion screening in gastric cancer

The aim of the study was to estimate the value of detecting pepsinogen (PG) I, PGII, and gastrin-17 (G-17) levels in serum for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) screening and to determine the clinical applicability of combined measurement of serum G-17, pepsinogens (PGI, PGII) and PGI/PGII ratio (PGR) as a screening test for CAG. The PGI, PGII, and G-17 levels were detected by ELISA in 68 patients with CAG and 86 healthy volunteers who underwent gastroscopy for gastroduodenal diseases at Taizhou Municipal Hospital between January 2016 and December 2016. Concentrations of all measured serum markers were lower in patients with CAG in comparison to healthy volunteers and achieved statistical significance (P<0.01) in PGI (93.25 vs 126.98) and PGR (12.67 vs 17.09). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the optimal cut-off values for PGI, PGII, PGR, and G-17 at 98.10 μg/l, 6.92 ng/l, 15.77 and 1.94 pmol/l, with sensitivities of 72.10%, 58.10%, 61.60%, and 59.30% and specificities of 61.8%, 51.50%, 77.90%, and 55.90%, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PGI, PGR, and G-17 were 0.728, 0.726, and 0.556, respectively. The increase of AUC was observed only in PGR and G-17 combination (0.741) with increased sensitivity (69.10% vs 61.60%) of screening for CAG, whereas the specificity was reduced (72.10% vs 77.90%) in comparison to PGR alone. Combination of serum indicators can raise the diagnosis accuracy of CAG in some respects. However, further research including a larger sample size is necessary in order to accurately determine the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of serum indicators.

[Data analysis on HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance programs targeting community population in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 2010-2015]

Objective: To investigate the epidemiologic and behavioral characteristics of HIV among community population in Liangshan prefecture. Methods: We collected social demographic, behavioral and serological information by means of the monitoring questionnaire and serological tests. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: From April to June of 2010 to 2015, 14 092 cases of community population were selected as the study objects, with 267 cases diagnosed as HIV positive patients. The HIV positive rates were 3.24%, 3.07%, 1.17%, 1.38%,1.42% and 1.25%, respectively. We observed that when community population having the following characteristics as: living in Butuo country (OR=3.83), being males (OR=1.77), being Yi nationality (OR=4.40) being widowed (OR=28.57), with history of drug abuse (OR=3.71) or injecting drug use (PWID) (OR=4.92), or history of needle sharing among PWID (OR=8.53), were under higher risks for HIV infection. With histories as: having had secondary or above levels of schooling (OR=0.59), having protected sex with regular partners (OR=0.21) and with non-regular partners (OR=0.46), they seemed to be somehow protected for getting HIV infection. Conclusion: The positive HIV rates of HIV among community population in Dechang, Ningnan and Butuo varied from 0.10% to 8.77% while the HIV transmission among general population remained challenging.

Abstract P4-02-14: Digitalizing immunohistochemistry analysis (IHC) with quantitative dot blot analysis (QDB) by absolute quantification of biomarkers in FFPE specimens

Purpose: The feasibility of Quantitative Dot Blot (QDB) method for absolute quantification of diagnostic biomarkers was investigated here using diagnostic antibodies for biomarkers in breast cancer tissues, including 4B5 and EP3 for Her2, MIB1 for Ki67. SP2 for Estrogen Receptor and SP1 for progesterone receptor (PR) in more than 300 FFPE specimens. The specificity and accuracy of this method, and the inter-relationship among biomarkers were explored by the absolute expression levels of these biomarkers.

Methods: FFPE specimens of 332 breast cancer patients were provided by local hospital, tissue slices of 2X15 um was de-paraffined and total protein was extracted for QDB analysis, with each sample measured in triplicate in three indepedent experiments. Purified protein standards were included to convert the measurement into absolute levels. IHC and FISH results from local hospital were used to validate the sensitivity and specificity of QDB method.

Results: The results show high consistency with intra-cv less than 7% and inter-cv less than 14%. With Her2, 99.5% concordance was achieved with IHC method, and 92 to 94% concordance with FISH analysis. Both Her2 level and Ki67 levels were significantly increased in patients at grade III based on Nottingham histologic scores.

Conclusion: The QDB method was used here to achieve digitalization of biomarkersl in breast cancer tissue with existing diagnostic antibodies for IHC analysis. The method is simple, objective, consistent, comprehensive and suitable for high throughput analysis. We expect this method to be extended to other diagnostic IHCs with existing diagnostic antibodies, and the easy adoption of this method in clinical practice should have instant impact on pathological practice.

Citation Format: Zhang J, Zhang W, Yu G, Tang F, Lv J. Digitalizing immunohistochemistry analysis (IHC) with quantitative dot blot analysis (QDB) by absolute quantification of biomarkers in FFPE specimens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-14.

Hole pocket-driven superconductivity and its universal features in the electron-doped cuprates

After three decades of intensive research attention, the emergence of superconductivity in cuprates remains an unsolved puzzle. One major challenge has been to arrive at a satisfactory understanding of the unusual metallic "normal state" from which the superconducting state emerges upon cooling. A second challenge has been to achieve a unified understanding of hole- and electron-doped compounds. Here, we report detailed magnetoresistance measurements for the archetypal electron-doped cuprate Nd_2-x Ce _x CuO_4+δ that, in combination with previous data, provide crucial links between the normal and superconducting states and between the electron- and hole-doped parts of the phase diagram. The characteristics of the normal state (magnetoresistance, quantum oscillations, and Hall coefficient) and those of the superconducting state (superfluid density and upper critical field) consistently indicate two-band (electron and hole) features and point to hole pocket-driven superconductivity in these nominally electron-doped materials. We show that the approximate Uemura scaling between the superconducting transition temperature and the superfluid density found for hole-doped cuprates also holds for the small hole component of the superfluid density in electron-doped cuprates.

Coreflood Study of Effect of Surfactant Concentration on Foam Generation in Porous Media

The propagation of foam in an oil reservoir depends on the creation and stability of the foam in the reservoir, specifically the creation and stability of foam films, or lamellae. As the foam propagates far from the injection well, superficial velocity and pressure gradient decrease with distance from the well. Experimental (Friedmann et al. Steam-foam mechanistic field trial in the midway-sunset field. SPERE. 1994, 9 (4), 297–304) and theoretical (Ashoori, et al. Roles of Transient and Local Equilibrium Foam Behaviour in Porous Media: Traveling Wave. Colloids Surf. A2011, 337 (1–3), 228–242). studies relate concerns about foam propagation at low superficial velocity to the minimum velocity or pressure gradient for foam generation near the well (Gauglitz et al. Foam Generation in Homogeneous Porous Media. Chem. Eng. Sci.2002, 57, 4037–4052; Rossen et al. Percolation Theory of Creation and Mobilization of Foams in Porous Media. AI Chem Eng. J.1990, 36, (8)). The objective of this work is to measure the impact of surfactant concentration and gas fractional flow on foam generation. Theory (Kam et al. Model for Foam Generation in Homogeneous Media. SPE J.2003, 8 (4): 417–42, SPE-87334-PA; Rossen 1990) relates foam generation to gas fractional flow and, indirectly, to the stability of foam films, or lamellae, which in turn depends on surfactant concentration (Apaydin et al. Surfactant Concentration and End Effects on Foam Flow in Porous Media. (Apaydin et al.Transp Porous Media. 2001, 43, 511–536). However, the link between foam generation and surfactant concentration has not been established experimentally. In our experiments, nitrogen foam is generated in a core of Bentheimer sandstone. The foam-generation experiments consist of measuring the minimum velocity for foam generation as a function of gas fractional flow at three surfactant concentrations well above the critical micelle concentration. Experimental results show that the minimum velocity for foam generation decreases with increasing liquid fraction, as shown by previous foam generation studies (Friedmann et al., 1994; Rossen and Gauglitz, 1990). Additionally, our results show that this velocity decreases with increasing surfactant concentration, far above the CMC. We also propose a workflow for screening out the experimental artifacts that can distort the trigger velocity.

[Outcomes of severe primary fetal hydrothorax treated by prenatal intervention]

Objective: To investigate the effect of intrauterine intervention on severe primary fetal hydrothorax. Methods: Twelve cases with severe fetal primary hydrothorax who underwent prenatal intervention from January 2014 to December 2017 in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The median gestational age of prenatal diagnosis was 30.8 weeks (24.0-33.0 weeks) . All cases were excluded congenital chromosomal abnormalities by prenatal diagnosis, and had no complications of pregnancy during prenatal diagnosis and had hydrothorax. Three cases (3/12) were right hydrothorax, the other 9 cases (9/12) were bilateral. Thoracoamniotic shunting was performed in 7 cases (7/12) . Thoracentesis was performed in 5 cases (5/12) , and the hydrothorax reappeared soon after operation in 4 cases, shunt placement was performed again. The hydrothorax was dissolved in 2 cases, released in 6 cases.Tube falling off occurred in 1 case,treatment was abandoned in 1 case and intrauterine fetal death happened in 1 case, and 1 case wasn't rechecked by ultrasonic due to premature birth following thoracentesis. In 10 cases who had deliveries, 5 newborns (5/10) were premature, 6 newborns (6/10) underwent assisted mechanical ventilation, 8 newborns (8/10) underwent thoracic close drainage, all of them were discharged when hydrothorax resolved. Conclusions: Antenatal intervention may improve the chance of survival in severe primary fetal hydrothorax. Thoracoamniotic shunting is the first-choice for the primary severe fetal hydrothorax.

Liquid crystal polymer receiver modules for electron cyclotron emission imaging on the DIII-D tokamak

A new generation of millimeter-wave heterodyne imaging receiver arrays has been developed and demonstrated on the DIII-D electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system. Improved circuit integration, improved noise performance, and enhanced shielding from out-of-band emission are made possible by using advanced liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrates and monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) receiver chips. This array exhibits ∼15 dB additional gain and >30× reduction in noise temperature compared to previous generation ECEI arrays. Each LCP horn-waveguide module houses a 3 × 3 mm GaAs MMIC receiver chip, which consists of a low noise millimeter-wave preamplifier, balanced mixer, and IF amplifier together with a local oscillator multiplier chain driven at ∼12 GHz. A proof-of-principle partial LCP instrument with 5 poloidal channels was installed on DIII-D in 2017, with a full proof-of-principle system (20 poloidal × 8 radial channels) installed and commissioned in early 2018. The enhanced shielding of the LCP modules is seen to greatly reduce the sensitivity of ECEI signals to out-of-band microwave noise which has plagued previous ECEI studies on DIII-D. The LCP ECEI system is expected to be a valuable diagnostic tool for pedestal region measurements, focusing particularly on electron temperature evolution during edge localized mode bursting.

Investigation of the predisposing factor of pemphigus and its clinical subtype through a genome-wide association and next generation sequence analysis

BACKGROUND

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and foliaceus (PF) as the two major histological subtypes. Associations with HLA molecules have been suggested, but specific HLA risk variants as well as non-HLA risk variants remain to be discovered.

METHODS

We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in the Chinese Han population through a genome-wide discovery analysis and follow-up validation analysis in a total number of 210 PV, 159 PF and 2493 healthy controls. HLA imputation as well as high coverage next generation sequencing based HLA genotyping was employed to investigate the association of classical HLA alleles and amino acid change.

RESULTS

We have discovered independent novel associations with PF at rs2178077 on 12q24.33, located next to RAN (P_PF = 1.57 × 10^-9 ) and rs3888722 within the MHC region (P = 6.73 × 10^-9 ). For the HLA variants, we confirmed independent genome-wide level risk associations in HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1, with DQB1*05:03 to be the strongest association with PV (P = 8.59 × 10^-68 , OR = 31.16) and PF (P = 4.84 × 10^-17 , OR = 5.64). In addition, DRB1*14 was demonstrated to be a second independent variants (P = 4.2 × 10^-63 , OR = 35.47) for PV, while DRB1*04:06 was demonstrated to be the second independent signal (P = 7.44 × 10^-13 , OR = 5.58) for PF.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings advance our understanding of the genetic basis of pemphigus susceptibility and may offer opportunities for risk prediction and preventive treatment for pemphigus, in particular for PV.

Detection and analysis of fine particulate matter and microbial aerosol in chicken houses in Shandong Province, China

Bacteria and fungi are primary constituents of airborne microbes in fine particulate matter and harmful to health. To evaluate the environmental quality of different poultry houses in Shandong Province, China, the airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi, and airborne Escherichia coli were collected by the Andersen-6 air microorganism sampler. The fine particulate matter was collected by a ZR-3920 ambient air particulate matter sampler, and bacterial and fungal diversities and relative abundances analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi, and airborne Escherichia coli in poultry houses were 0.167 to 4.484 × 104 CFU/m3, 0.236 to 4.735 × 103 CFU/m3, and 0 to 33.0 CFU/m3, respectively. 11.4 to 34.3% of aerobic bacteria and 16.8 to 37.5% of fungi were distributed at levels 5 and 6 (0.6 to 2.1 μm, the particle sizes similar to fine particulate matter) in the Andersen sampler. The concentration of fine particulate matter in the poultry houses was 114 to 230 μg/m3, which was higher than the safety value 10 specified by WHO. In fine particulate matter, the main bacteria at phylum level were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, whereas the dominant phylum of fungus was Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Importantly, the relative abundances of Escherichia and Corynebacterium in the broiler houses were greater than those in layer houses. However, the percentages of Aspergillus and Penicillium were 13.5 and 0.56%, with a relatively high level in the layer houses. Altogether, results revealed that the ambient air quality in the poultry houses sampled had a relatively high abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria and concentration of fine particulate matter, which could threaten the health of animals and workers in those environments.

On the forward modeling of radar Doppler spectrum width from LES: Implications for model evaluation

Large-eddy simulations of an observed single-layer Arctic mixed-phase cloud are analyzed to study the value of forward modeling of profiling millimeter-wave cloud radar Doppler spectral width for model evaluation. Individual broadening terms and their uncertainties are quantified for the observed spectral width and compared to modeled broadening terms. Modeled turbulent broadening is narrower than the observed values when the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from the subgrid-scale model is used in the forward model. The total dissipation rates, estimated with the subgrid-scale dissipation rates and the numerical dissipation rates, agree much better with both the retrieved dissipation rates and those inferred from the power spectra of the simulated vertical air velocity. The comparison of the microphysical broadening provides another evaluative measure of the ice properties in the simulation. To accurately retrieve dissipation rates as well as each broadening term from the observations, we suggest a few modifications to previously presented techniques. First, we show that the inertial subrange spectra filtered with the radar sampling volume is a better underlying model than the unfiltered -5/3 law for the retrieval of the dissipation rate from the power spectra of the mean Doppler velocity. Second, we demonstrate that it is important to filter out turbulence and remove the layer-mean reflectivity-weighted mean fall speed from the observed mean Doppler velocity to avoid overestimation of shear broadening. Finally, we provide a method to quantify the uncertainty in the retrieved dissipation rates, which eventually propagates to the uncertainty in the microphysical broadening.

Discovery of 4 exonic and 1 intergenic novel susceptibility loci for leprosy

Seven new risk coding variants have been identified through an exome-wide association study (EWAS), which studied the contributions of protein-coding variants to leprosy susceptibility. But some potential susceptibility loci were not studied in the previous EWAS study because of the project consideration. Seventeen unstudied potential susceptibility loci of the previous EWAS were validated in 3169 cases and 9814 controls in this study. Four disease-associated exonic loci were identified: rs671 in ALDH2 (P = 2.0 × 10^-20 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.35), rs13259978 in SLC7A2 (P = 1.74 × 10^-8 , OR = 1.28), rs925368 in GIT2 (P = 9.18 × 10^-17 , OR = 1.44), and rs75680863 in TCN2 (P = 8.37 × 10^-21 , OR = 0.74). Potentially implicating ZFP36L1 as a new susceptibility gene, 1 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1465788 (P = 7.81 × 10^-6 , OR = 0.88), was also suggested to be associated with leprosy. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs1465788 risk allele notably decreased the transcription activity of the flanking sequence. These findings suggest the possible involvement of lipid metabolism, NF-κB homeostasis and macrophage antimicrobial pathways in leprosy pathogenesis.

Expression of embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) and stem cell markers in CD13 liver cancer stem cells

OBJECTIVE

Investigating the molecular signaling pathways using CD13 as a marker for Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in human liver cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In the present study, liver carcinoma biopsies were obtained from the liver cancer patients, as well as healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry and Immunoblotting experiments were performed accordingly to conclude the data.

RESULTS

Immunohistochemistry along with immunoblot data showed the expression of Oct-4, STAT3 and interestingly Embryonic Liver Fodrin (ELF) in the CD13 positive liver cancer stem cells. Though embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) is a pro-differentiation protein, it was expressed in the CD13 positive liver cancer stem cells along with stem cell markers such as Oct-4 and STAT3.

CONCLUSIONS

Our finding concludes that an association of ELF expression was noted in liver cancer patients. Hence, ELF may have value as prognostic indicators and may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for liver cancer.

[Clinical characteristics of human recombination activating gene 1 mutations in 8 immunodeficiency patients with diverse phenotypes]

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of 8 immunodeficiency cases caused by human recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) mutations, and to explore the relationship among genotypes, clinical manifestations and immunophenotypes. Methods: Clinical data were collected and analyzed from patients with RAG1 mutations who visited the Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University between October 2013 and June 2017. The data included clinical manifestations, immunophenotypes and genotypes. Results: A total of 8 patients were diagnosed with RAG1 deficiency (6 boys and 2 girls). The minimum age of onset was 2 months, and the maximum age was 4 months. The minimum age of diagnosis was 2 months, and the maximum age was 13 years. Four patients had a family history of infant death due to severe infections. Two cases were born to the same consanguineous parents. All cases had recurrent infections, including involvement of respiratory tract (8 cases), digestive tract (6 cases), urinary tract (1 case), and central nervous system (1 case). The pathogens of infection included bacteria, viruses and fungi. Rotavirus was found in 3 cases, cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 5 cases, bacillus Calmette-Guérin adverse reaction in 2 cases (1 of whom had a positive acid-fast smear from lymph node puncture fluid), fungal infection in 3 cases. One case had multiple nodular space-occupying lesions in lungs and abdominal cavity complicated with multiple bone destruction. The peripheral blood lymphocyte counts of all patients ranged between 0.1 ×10(9)/L and 3.3×10(9)/L (median, 0.65×10(9)/L). Eosinophilia was found in 3 cases (range, (0.48-1.69) ×10(9)/L). The patients were classified according to immunophenotype as severe combined immunodeficiency phenotype (4 cases), leaky severe combined immunodeficiency (2 cases), Omenn syndrome (1 case) and combined immunodeficiency (1 case) . Decreased serum IgG levels were found in 3 cases, increased serum IgM levels in 3 cases, increased serum IgE levels in 5 cases. RAG1 homozygous mutations were detected in 5 cases and RAG1 compound heterozygous mutations in 3 cases. Two novel mutations and six previously reported mutations were identified. Three cases were successfully treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Four cases died due to infections, and the 13 year-old patient was still under follow-up in the outpatient clinic. Conclusions: Different RAG1 gene mutations can lead to diverse clinical presentations and immune phenotypes. Clinicians should pay attention to the family history of infant death with severe infection. In that situation, immunological evaluation and gene detection should be performed as early as possible.

How gender- and violence-related norms affect self-esteem among adolescent refugee girls living in Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Evidence suggests adolescent self-esteem is influenced by beliefs of how individuals in their reference group perceive them. However, few studies examine how gender- and violence-related social norms affect self-esteem among refugee populations. This paper explores relationships between gender inequitable and victim-blaming social norms, personal attitudes, and self-esteem among adolescent girls participating in a life skills program in three Ethiopian refugee camps.

METHODS

Ordinary least squares multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the associations between attitudes and social norms, and self-esteem. Key independent variables of interest included a scale measuring personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms, a measure of perceived injunctive norms capturing how a girl believed her family and community would react if she was raped, and a peer-group measure of collective descriptive norms surrounding gender inequity. The key outcome variable, self-esteem, was measured using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale.

RESULTS

Girl's personal attitudes toward gender inequitable norms were not significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline, when adjusting for other covariates. Collective peer norms surrounding the same gender inequitable statements were significantly predictive of self-esteem at endline (ß = -0.130; p  =  0.024). Additionally, perceived injunctive norms surrounding family and community-based sanctions for victims of forced sex were associated with a decline in self-esteem at endline (ß = -0.103; p  =  0.014). Significant findings for collective descriptive norms and injunctive norms remained when controlling for all three constructs simultaneously.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest shifting collective norms around gender inequity, particularly at the community and peer levels, may sustainably support the safety and well-being of adolescent girls in refugee settings.

Design, synthesis, insecticidal activity and 3D-QSR study for novel trifluoromethyl pyridine derivatives containing an 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety

A series of trifluoromethyl pyridine derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety was designed, synthesized and bio-assayed for their insecticidal activity. The result of bio-assays indicated the synthesized compounds exhibited good insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata and Plutella xylostella, most of the title compounds show 100% insecticidal activity at 500 mg L⁻¹ and >80% activity at 250 mg L⁻¹ against the two pests. Compounds E18 and E27 showed LC₅₀ values of 38.5 and 30.8 mg L⁻¹ against Mythimna separata, respectively, which were close to that of avermectin (29.6 mg L⁻¹); compounds E5, E6, E9, E10, E15, E25, E26, and E27 showed 100% activity at 250 mg L⁻¹, which were better than chlorpyrifos (87%). CoMFA and CoMSIA models with good predictability were proposed, which revealed the electron-withdrawing groups with an appropriate bulk at 2- and 4-positions of benzene ring could enhance insecticidal activity.

Novel trifluoromethyl pyridine derivatives bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole whereas synthesized, their which showed good insecticidal activity; a 3D-QSAR model with good predictability was is proposed.

Carnosol inhibits Hedgehog signaling pathway in both LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines

To investigate the effect of carnosol on the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in human hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line DU145. The expression levels of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in human prostate cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. After treated with carnosol (0.25-16 μmol/L), the cell survival of LNCaP and DU145 cells were detected by MTT assay. The expression levels of Gli1 and Shh mRNA and protein in the two cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The apoptosis was determined by the caspase-3 activity assay. Results showed that Shh and Gli1 were upregulated in cancer tissues. The inhibitory effect of carnosol on cell survival was enhanced with concentration, suggesting both LNCaP and DU145 cells were sensitive to carnosol. The inhibitory effects of carnosol on Gli1 and Shh mRNAs in the hormone-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cell was stronger than that in the hormone-independent DU145 prostate cancer cells. Carnosol downregulated the expression of Gli1 in nucleus, and Shh in cells. Greater carnosol concentration resulted in lower levels of Gli1 and Shh. Carnosol increased caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that carnosol promotes cell apoptosis. Thus, carnosol can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in vitro, and its mechanism might be associated with the inhibiting of HH signaling pathway. Although the inhibitory effect of carnosol on hormone-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells is stronger than hormone-independent DU145 prostate cancer cells, carnosol might be a potential drug for hormone-independent prostate cancer.

Intracerebral Xenotransplantation of GFP Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Intact and Stroke Rat Brain: Graft Survival and Immunologic Response

The present study characterized survival and immunologic response of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) following transplantation into intact and stroke brains. In the first study, intrastriatal transplantation of BMSC (60,000 in 3 μl) or vehicle was performed in normal adult Sprague-Dawley male rats that subsequently received daily cyclosporin A (CsA, 10 mg/kg, IP in 3 ml) or vehicle (olive oil, similar volume) starting on day of surgery up to 3 days posttransplantation. Animals were euthanized at 3 or 30 days posttransplantation and brains were processed either for green fluorescent protein (GFP) microscopy or flow cytometry (FACS). Both GFP epifluorescence and FACS scanning revealed GFP+ BMSCs in both groups of transplanted rats with or without CsA, although significantly increased (1.6- to 3-fold more) survival of GFP+ BMSCs was observed in the immunosuppressed animals. Further histologic examination revealed widespread dispersal of BMSCs away from the graft core accompanied by many long outgrowth processes in non-CsA-transplanted animals, whereas a very dense graft core, with cells expressing only sporadic short outgrowth processes, was observed in CsA-transplanted animals. There were no detectable GFP+ BMSCs in nontrans-planted rats that received CsA or vehicle. Immunologic response via FACS analysis revealed a decreased presence of cytotoxic cells, characterized by near complete absence of CD8+ cells, and lack of activation depicted by low CD69 expression in CsA-treated transplanted animals. In contrast, elevated levels of CD8+ cells and increased activation of CD69 expression were observed in transplanted animals that received vehicle alone. CD4+ helper cells were almost nondetectable in transplanted rats that received CsA, but also only minimally elevated in transplanted rats that received vehicle. Nontransplanted rats that received either CsA or vehicle displayed very minimal detectable levels of all three lymphocyte markers. In the second study, a new set of male Sprague-Dawley rats initially received bilateral stereotaxic intrastriatal transplantation of BMSCs and 3 days after were subjected to unilateral transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery. The animals were allowed to survive for 3 days after stroke without CsA immunosuppression. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed significantly higher (5-fold more) survival of transplanted GFP+ BMSCs in the stroke striatum compared with the intact striatum. The majority of the grafts remained within the original dorsal striatal transplant site, characterized by no obvious migration in intact striatum, but with long-distance migration along the ischemic penumbra in the stroke striatum. Moreover, FACS scanning analyses revealed low levels of immunologic response of grafted BMSCs in both stroke and intact striata. These results, taken together, suggest that xenotransplantation of mouse BMSCs into adult rats is feasible. Immunosuppression therapy can enhance xenograft survival and reduce graft-induced immunologic response; however, in the acute phase posttransplantation, BMSCs can survive in intact and stroke brain, and may even exhibit long-distance migration and increased outgrowth processes without immunosuppression.

[Estimation on the HIV-1 incidence in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, under BED-capture enzyme immunoassay, from 2011 to 2013]

OBJECTIVE

This paper aimed to analyze the situation of HIV infection in Liangshan Yi Autonomous, including HIV recent rate of infection and the ongoing strategies on prevention of the disease in this prefecture.

METHODS

Surveillance data on population size, medical institutions, from 2011 to 2013 in Liangshan prefecture was collected. The total numbers of people living in the areas appeared as 412 608, 393 699 and 443 025 from the above mentioned three years. The overall numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS were 4 480, 3 999 and 4 719 respectively in the three years of observation, using the ELISA and WB blot. We also used the ELISA, and Western blotting methods to find out the HIV-positive individuals. We then applied the ' BED HIV-1 incidence capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA)' on these HIV-positive individuals to locate those who were recently infected, to estimate the annual recent infection rates.

RESULTS

The HIV-positive rates in Liangshan Prefecture appeared as 1.09%, 1.02% and 1.07% respectively, from 2011 to 2013, with the recent infection rates as 0.34% (95%CI: 0.32-0.37), 0.62% (95%CI: 0.58-0.66) and 0.61% (95%CI: 0.57-0.65) respectively. The newly infections mainly involved with males, with Yi ethnicity, married, being illiterate or received primary school education. In males, the rates of infection appeared as 64.24% (433/674), 59.22% (504/851) and 58.37% (495/848) respectively, in the three years of observation among people with Yi ethnicity, the recent infection rates were 84.72% (571/674) in 2011, 94.59% (805/851) in 2012 and 84.20% (714/848) in 2013. The rates seen in married people were 61.57% (415/674), 61.45% (523/851) and 60.50% (513/848) respectively. Among the illiterates or people only received primary school education, the rates appeared as 60.24% (406/674) in 2011, 61.57% (524/851) in 2012, and 60.03% (509/848) in 2013.

CONCLUSION

Using the HIV recent infection rate to describe the situation of AIDS in Liangshan prefecture, figures seemed to be more reliable than under the regular HIV-positive rate.

Hidden Fermi-liquid Charge Transport in the Antiferromagnetic Phase of the Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors

Systematic analysis of the planar resistivity, Hall effect, and cotangent of the Hall angle for the electron-doped cuprates reveals underlying Fermi-liquid behavior even deep in the antiferromagnetic part of the phase diagram. The transport scattering rate exhibits a quadratic temperature dependence, and is nearly independent of doping and compound and carrier type (electrons versus holes), and hence is universal. Our analysis moreover indicates that the material-specific resistivity upturn at low temperatures and low doping has the same origin in both electron- and hole-doped cuprates.

[Analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of atypical early stage malignant laryngeal tumor]

Objective:To observe the clinical characteristics of 22 cases of malignant laryngeal tumor manifested as smooth mass, and explore the diagnosis, pathological types and treatment of the disease.Method:Manifested as smooth mass, 22 cases diagnosed as malignant or borderline tumor by biopsy were collected to summarize the characteristics of pathology, treatment and prognosis. Result:The sex ratio was 13∶9. Eleven cases were diagnosed as malignant tumors of epithelial or mesenchymal origin, 7 cases of tumors of lymphoid hematopoietic system, 4 cases of borderline tumor.Thirteen patients received surgical treatment, and recurrence was not found in postoperative follow-up.Nine patients received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, 7 of them were in remission while 2 cases presented progression and metastasis of cervical lymph nodes. Conclusion:Because of lacking typical clinical manifestations in early stage,smooth mass of larynx often easily lead to misdiagnosis.If found and operated early,the prognosis can be satisfied,but the treatment outcome of lymphoma is poor.