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Li M, Cong B, Wei X, Wang Y, Kang L, Gong C, Huang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Huang F. Characterising the changes in RSV epidemiology in Beijing, China during 2015-2023: results from a prospective, multi-centre, hospital-based surveillance and serology study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2024; 45:101050. [PMID: 38699290 PMCID: PMC11064721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has posed substantial morbidity and mortality burden to young children and older adults globally. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was reported to have altered RSV epidemiology and could have important implications for RSV prevention and control strategies. We aimed to compare RSV epidemiology in different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic with the pre-pandemic period by leveraging epidemiological, molecular, and serological data collected from a prospective respiratory pathogen surveillance and serology study. Methods This study was based on the data during July 1, 2015 to November 30, 2023 from the Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance System (RPSS), a sentinel-hospital based surveillance system of acute respiratory infections consisting of 35 hospitals that represent residents of all ages from all 16 districts in Beijing, China. RSV infection status was tested by RT-PCR and gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was conducted among the identified RSV strains. We further supplemented RPSS data with three serology surveys conducted during 2017-2023 that tested RSV IgG levels from serum specimens. RSV detection rate was calculated by calendar month and compared across RSV seasons (defined as the July 1 through June 30 of the following year). RSV IgG positivity proportion was calculated by quarter of the year and was correlated with quarterly aggregated RSV detection rate for understanding the relationship between infection and immunity at the population level. Findings Overall, a total of 52,931 respiratory specimens were collected and tested over the study period. RSV detection rates ranged from 1.24% (94/7594) in the 2017-2018 season to 2.80% (219/7824) in the 2018-2019 season, and from 1.06% (55/5165) in the 2022-2023 season to 2.98% (147/4938) in the 2021-2022 season during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period, respectively. ON1 and BA9 remained the predominant genotypes during the pandemic period; no novel RSV strains were identified. RSV circulation followed a winter-months seasonal pattern in most seasons. One exception was the 2020-2021 season when an extensive year-round circulation was observed, possibly associated with partial relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The other exception was the 2022-2023 season when very low RSV activity was observed during the usual winter months (possibly due to the concurrent local COVID-19 epidemic), and followed by an out-of-season resurgence in the spring, with RSV detection persisting to the end of the study period (November 2023). During the two seasons above, we noted an age-group related asynchrony in the RSV detection rate; the RSV detection rate in young children remained similar (or even increased with borderline significance; 43/594, 7.24%, and 42/556, 7.55% vs 292/5293, 5.52%; P = 0.10 and P = 0.06, respectively) compared with the pre-pandemic seasons whereas the detection rate in older adults decreased significantly (8/1779, 0.45%, and 3/2021, 0.15% vs 160/10,348, 1.55%; P < 0.001 in two comparisons). Results from serology surveys showed significantly declined RSV IgG positivity in the 2022-2023 season compared to the pre-pandemic seasons (9.32%, 29/311 vs 20.16%, 100/496; P < 0.001); older adults had significantly higher RSV IgG positivity than young children in both pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (P values < 0.001). Interpretation Our study documented the trajectory of RSV detection along with the changes in the stringency of NPIs, measured IgG positivity, and local COVID-19 epidemics. The findings suggest the interplay between contact patterns, immunity dynamics, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in shaping the RSV epidemics of population of different ages. These findings provide novel insights into the potential drivers of RSV circulating patterns and have important implications for RSV prevention and control strategies. Funding The High-qualified Public Health Professionals Development Project, Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research, and the Public Health Personnel Training Support Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhong Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Cong
- Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Kang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Gong
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - You Li
- Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Academy for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Control Research and Prevention, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
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Akano A, Sadauki AH, Adelabu AM, Malgwi A, Fagbola M, Ogunbode O, Usman A, Ameh C, Balogun MS, Ilori E, Badaru S, Adetunji A, Adebayo A, Mba N, Iniobong A, Eze E, Akerele I, Grema B, Sodipo O, Enemuo E, Ochu C, Ihekweazu C, Adetifa I. Epidemiology of influenza in Nigeria: A secondary analysis of the sentinel surveillance data in Nigeria from 2010 - 2020. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:495-502. [PMID: 38290192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Little is known of the true burden and epidemiology of influenza in Africa. Nigeria has a sentinel surveillance system for influenza virus (IFV). This study seeks to describe the epidemiological characteristics of influenza cases in Nigeria through secondary data analysis of the sentinel surveillance data from 2010 to 2020. METHODOLOGY A retrospective secondary data analysis of data collected from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in the four Nigeria Influenza Sentinel Surveillance sites from January 2010 to December 2020. Data was cleaned and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Epi info 7.2 for frequencies and proportions. The results of the analysis were summarized in tables and charts. RESULTS A total of 13,828 suspected cases of influenza were recorded at the sentinel sites during the study period. About 10.3% (1421/13,828) of these tested positive for IFV of which 1243 (87.5%) were ILI patients, 175 (12.3%) SARI patients, and 3 (0.2%) novel H1N1 patients. Males accounted for 54.2% (770/1421) of the confirmed cases. The median age of confirmed cases was 3 years (range: <1month-97 years). Children 0-4 years accounted for 69.3% (985/1421) of all cases. The predominant subtypes were B lineage not determined (32.3%), A/H1N1 pdm09 (28.8%) and A/H3 (23.0%). There were periods of sustained transmission in most years with 2011 having the highest number of cases. Overall, there were more cases around January to March and August to November. Heart disease and chronic shortness of breath were the most common co-morbidities identified among confirmed cases. CONCLUSION Influenza remains a significant cause of respiratory illness, especially among children aged less than 4 years. Influenza cases occur all year round with irregular seasonality in Nigeria. Children less than 4 years and those with co-morbidities should be prioritized for vaccination. Vaccine composition in the country should take cognizance of the prevailing strains which are type B (lineage not determined), A/H1N1 pdm09 and A/H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Akano
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Aisha Habib Sadauki
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adeyemi Mark Adelabu
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Arhyel Malgwi
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Motunrayo Fagbola
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Ogunbode
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Elsie Ilori
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sikiru Badaru
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adewusi Adetunji
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji Adebayo
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nwando Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akanimo Iniobong
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Eze
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Emeka Enemuo
- Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe Ochu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ifedayo Adetifa
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
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Prévot-Monsacré P, Hamaide-Defrocourt F, Guyonvarch O, Masse S, Souty C, Mamou T, Hamel J, Antona D, Mathieu P, Vasseur P, Lévy-Bruhl D, Baroux N, Rossignol L, Vaillant L, Guerrisi C, Hanslik T, Dina J, Blanchon T. What is the relevancy of a surveillance of mumps without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations? Epidemiology of suspected and biologically confirmed mumps cases seen in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020. Vaccine 2024; 42:1065-1070. [PMID: 38092609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, mumps surveillance is conducted in primary care by the Sentinelles network, the National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella and Santé publique France. AIM The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of suspected mumps in general practice, the proportion of laboratory confirmed cases and the factors associated with a virological confirmation. METHODS General practitioners (GPs) participating in the Sentinelles network should report all patients with suspected mumps according to a clinical definition in case of parotitis and a serological definition in case of clinical expression without parotitis. All suspected mumps cases reported between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. A sample of these cases were tested by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mumps biological confirmation. RESULTS A total of 252 individuals with suspected mumps were included in the study. The average annual incidence rate of suspected mumps in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020 was estimated at 11 cases per 100,000 population [CI95%: 6-17]. A mumps confirmation RT-PCR test was performed on 146 cases amongst which 17 (11.5 %) were positive. Age (between 20 and 29 years old), the presence of a clinical complication and an exposure to a suspected mumps case within the 21 days prior the current episode were associated with a mumps biological confirmation. CONCLUSION If these results confirm the circulation of mumps virus in France, they highlight the limits of a surveillance without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Prévot-Monsacré
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Florent Hamaide-Defrocourt
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Guyonvarch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Shirley Masse
- Laboratoire de Virologie, UR7310, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mamou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Justine Hamel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Denise Antona
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pauline Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Noémie Baroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Département de Médecine Générale, Université Paris Cité, F75018 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vaillant
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Guerrisi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Boulogne Billancourt, France; Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | - Julia Dina
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France.
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Guillot C, Aenishaenslin C, Acheson ES, Koffi J, Bouchard C, Leighton PA. Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for the selection of sentinel regions in tick-borne disease surveillance. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38267914 PMCID: PMC10809750 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of cost-effective surveillance systems is essential for tracking the emerging risk of tick-borne diseases. In Canada, where Lyme disease is a growing public health concern, a national sentinel surveillance network was designed to follow the epidemiological portrait of this tick-borne disease across the country. The surveillance network consists of sentinel regions, with active drag sampling carried out annually in all regions to assess the density of Ixodes spp. ticks and prevalence of various tick-borne pathogens in the tick population. The aim of the present study was to prioritize sentinel regions by integrating different spatial criteria relevant to the surveillance goals. METHODS We used spatially-explicit multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA) to map priority areas for surveillance across Canada, and to evaluate different scenarios using sensitivity analyses. Results were shared with stakeholders to support their decision making for the selection of priority areas to survey during active surveillance activities. RESULTS Weights attributed to criteria by decision-makers were overall consistent. Sensitivity analyses showed that the population criterion had the most impact on rankings. Thirty-seven sentinel regions were identified across Canada using this systematic and transparent approach. CONCLUSION This novel application of spatial MCDA to surveillance network design favors inclusivity of nationwide partners. We propose that such an approach can support the standardized planning of spatial design of sentinel surveillance not only for vector-borne disease BDs, but more broadly for infectious disease surveillance where spatial design is an important component.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guillot
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CRESP) de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - C Aenishaenslin
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CRESP) de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E S Acheson
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Public Health Risk Sciences Divisions, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Koffi
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Policy Integration and Zoonoses Division, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Bouchard
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Public Health Risk Sciences Divisions, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - P A Leighton
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique (GREZOSP), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CRESP) de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Reinoso Schiller N, Usipbekova K, Hille K, Dreesman J, Schwarz K, Reimers K, Feil F, Scheithauer S. Pandemic management: Analysis of availability and relevance of surveillance indicators by COVID-Task-Forces in the German federal state of Lower Saxony. Infect Prev Pract 2023; 5:100294. [PMID: 37692533 PMCID: PMC10485663 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Locally, the introduction of measures during times of a pandemic emergency is embodied in a pandemic containment plan created by the Robert Koch Institute in 2017. In addition to central indicators such as incidence rates and number of deaths, various indicators are used at the local level to assess the pandemic situation. So far, there hasn't been analyses of the availability and perceived relevance of the surveillance indicators used to manage the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by the local German pandemic task forces. Aim This study examined whether local decision-makers had access to surveillance-related indicators in a way that they could be used to make informed decisions in response to the pandemic situation. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted, using an online questionnaire developed by experts of The Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony and The University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG). All local COVID-19 task forces of the German state of Lower-Saxony were enrolled in the study. Findings The surveillance indicators assessed by survey respondents as most available and relevant are included under the German Infection Protection Act (IfSG). In contrast, the indicators that are not bound by the IfSG have a significantly lower availability and an inconsistent assessment of relevance. Conclusion Against the background of efficiency, it seems central to be able to reliably provide the highly weighted surveillance indicators. Nevertheless, the relevance assessment gap between the indicators embedded in the IfSG and the ones that are not may be explained by cognitive processes such as anchoring bias. The collection and use of indicators to assess the pandemic situation and to evaluate measures should be the subject of continuous multidisciplinary discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Reinoso Schiller
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Katja Hille
- Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA), Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Kjell Schwarz
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Reimers
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Feil
- Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony (NLGA), Hanover, Germany
| | - Simone Scheithauer
- Department of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Gunasekaran PK, Shanmugasundaram D, Santhanam S, Verma S, Singh K, Dwibedi B, Awasthi S, Singh H, Sangappa M, Mondal N, Sreenivasan P, Saradakutty G, Malik S, Jain M, Viswanathan R, Sapkal G, Tripathi S, Patel B, Jain MK, Naganur SH, Baranwal A, Rohit MK, Deora S, Sharma A, Anantharaj A, Pillai LS, Kumar A, Ramasamy S, Rajendran PP, Singh MP, Ratho RK, Nag V, Gadepalli R, Mishra B, Som TK, Jain A, Devara SM, Vannavada SR, Munivenkatappa A, Abraham AM, Dhodapkar R, Ali S, Biswas D, Pratkeye D, Bavdekar A, Prakash J, Ray J, Murhekar M. Profile of cardiac lesions among laboratory confirmed congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) infants: a nationwide sentinel surveillance, India, 2016-22. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2023; 16:100268. [PMID: 37662056 PMCID: PMC10474486 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The phenotypical profile of cardiovascular malformations in patients with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is varied. We aimed to describe the profile of cardiac defects among CRS patients detected in the sentinel CRS surveillance in India during 2016-22. Methods Sentinel sites enrolled infants with suspected CRS based on presence of cardiac defects, hearing impairment, eye signs, or maternal history of febrile rash illness. Suspected CRS cases underwent detailed systemic examination, including echocardiography and serological investigation for rubella. Cardiac defects were categorized as 'Simple' or 'Complex' as per the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute classification. We compared the distribution of cardiac defects among laboratory confirmed CRS cases and seronegative discarded cases. Findings Of the 4578 suspected CRS cases enrolled by 14 sites, 558 (12.2%) were laboratory confirmed. 419 (75.1%) laboratory confirmed cases had structural heart defects (simple defects: n = 273, 65.2%, complex defects: n = 144, 34.4%), with ventricular septal defect (42.7%), atrial septal defect (39.4%), patent ductus arteriosus (36.5%), and tetralogy of Fallot as the commonest defects (4.5%). Laboratory confirmed CRS cases had higher odds of left to right shunt lesions (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15-2.17). This was mainly on account of a significant association of PDA with CRS (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.42-2.21). Mortality was higher among CRS patients with complex heart defects (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.26-3.30). Interpretation Three-fourths of the laboratory confirmed CRS cases had structural heart defects. CRS patients with complex cardiac defects had higher mortality. Detecting CRS infection early and providing timely intervention for cardiovascular defects is critical for the management of CRS patients. Funding Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India, through Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sanjay Verma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Nivedita Mondal
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | | | - Shikha Malik
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arun Baranwal
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj K Rohit
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Akhil Sharma
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Avinash Anantharaj
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Amber Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | - Mini P. Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Kanta Ratho
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Amita Jain
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Rahul Dhodapkar
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Syed Ali
- Government Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | | | | | | | - Jayant Prakash
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Jaydeb Ray
- Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Manoj Murhekar
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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7
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Bonnet C, Figoni J, Souty C, Septfons A, de Martino S, de Valk H, Fournier L, Hanslik T, Jaulhac B, Blanchon T. Prevalence and factors associated with a prescription of a Lyme borreliosis serology for erythema migrans diagnosis in general practice: a study from the French sentinel network, 2009-2020. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24:163. [PMID: 37620763 PMCID: PMC10464237 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological testing of patients consulting for typical erythema migrans (EM) is not recommended in European recommendations for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (LB). Little is known on the level of adherence of French general practitioners to these recommendations. The objectives were to estimate the proportion of Lyme borreliosis serological test prescription in patients with erythema migrans seen in general practice consultations in France, and to study the factors associated with this prescription. METHODS LB cases with an EM reported by the French general practitioners (GPs) of the Sentinelles network between January 2009 and December 2020 were included. To assess the associations with a prescription of a serological test, multilevel logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Among the 1,831 EM cases included, a prescription for a LB serological test was requested in 24.0% of cases. This proportion decreased significantly over the study period, from 46.8% in 2009 to 15.8% in 2020. A LB serological prescription was associated with patients with no reported tick bite (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.95; 95% confidence interval [1.23-3.09]), multiple EM (OR: 3.82 [1.63-8.92]), EM of five centimeters or more (OR: 4.34 [2.33-8.08]), and GPs having diagnosed less than one EM case per year during the study period (OR: 5.28 [1.73-16.11]). CONCLUSIONS Serological testing of patients consulting for EM is not recommended in European recommendations for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Therefore, the significant decrease in the rate of LB serological test for EM over the study period is encouraging. The factors identified in this study can be used to improve messaging to GPs and patients. Further efforts are needed to continue to disseminate diagnostic recommendations for LB to GPs, especially those who rarely see patients with EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonnet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, F75012, France.
| | - Julie Figoni
- Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, F94410, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, F75012, France
| | | | - Sylvie de Martino
- CNR des Borrelia et Institut de Bactériologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, UR7290, ITI InnoVec, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | | | - Lucie Fournier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, F75012, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, F75012, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | - Benoît Jaulhac
- CNR des Borrelia et Institut de Bactériologie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, UR7290, ITI InnoVec, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, Paris, F75012, France
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Su X, Xia D, Sun Y, Hao Y, Liu G, Huang C, Lu H. A novel internet sampling for HIV surveillance: feasibility of self-sampling and preparation of DBS for delivery detection of HIV total nucleic acid and complementarity to sentinel surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:509. [PMID: 37542229 PMCID: PMC10401770 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To propose a new mode of HIV test and surveillance among population of men who have sex with men (MSM): Internet-based Self-sampling at home plus Laboratory testing of HIV total nucleic acid (TNA) in dried blood spot (DBS) (ISL of DBS TNA). Feasibility of ISL of DBS TNA was studied. Characteristics of the new mode and that of conventional surveillance mode at HIV voluntary counseling and testing clinic (VCT) were compared. METHODS A non-governmental organization (NGO) published the recruitment information on the WeChat public account. MSM filled in the questionnaire online, applied for self-sampling service package, and mailed the self made DBS to professional laboratory. The laboratory performed HIV TNA test and submitted the test results to online platform. Participants queried test results online with their unique ID. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) followed up participants with positive nucleic acid results using IDs and contact information. Rates were compared by using the Chi-Square test or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-three questionnaires were completed. 423 self-sampling service packages were sent out and 340 DBSs were returned to professional laboratory within one month with qualified rate of sampling as high as 95.0% (323/340). Seven samples were found to be TNA positive. Comparing ISL of DBS TNA with sentinel surveillance, it was found that there was a significant difference in the composition ratio of the two modes of surveillance population (P < 0.05). HIV prevalence of ISL of DBS as 2.17% was significantly lower than sentinel site as 8.96% (χ2 = 14.953, P = 0.000 < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS ISL of DBS TNA proposed is feasible and has a high self-sampling qualification rate, good confidentiality. It is an effective supplement to routine sentinel surveillance and has important promotion value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Su
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongyan Xia
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiao Hao
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guowu Liu
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of AIDS/STDs Control and Prevention, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Nielsen S, Barratt M, Hiley S, Bartlett M, Latimer J, Jauncey M, Roux C, Morelato M, Clark N, Kowalski M, Gilbert M, Francia L, Shipton A, Gerostamoulos D, Glowacki L, Lam T. Monitoring for fentanyl within Australian supervised injecting facilities: Findings from feasibility testing of novel methods and collaborative workshops. Int J Drug Policy 2023; 115:104015. [PMID: 37043848 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australia is yet to see widespread fentanyl-contaminated heroin, despite the established presence of fentanyl in other countries. International mortality trends alongside a local cluster of fentanyl-related deaths prompted interest in developing methods to monitor for fentanyl and other potentially harmful novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in Australia. METHODS We tested novel methods to monitor for fentanyl and other NPS. From 2017-2021, clients from supervised injecting facilities (SIFs) in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia, contributed urine screens (UDS) with BTNX Rapid Response™ fentanyl test strips (FTS) paired with surveys, and injecting equipment associated with opioid overdoses for laboratory analysis. A single site piloted drug checking using FTS with laboratory confirmation. Two workshops were conducted with SIF staff, content experts and people with lived experience to determine how results can inform practices within SIFs. RESULTS Of the 911 UDS with FTS conducted, less than 1% (n=8) yielded positive results that were not explained by self-reported pharmaceutical fentanyl use, with two laboratory confirmed fentanyl positive results. Injecting equipment from 59 overdoses was tested and neither fentanyl nor other NPS were identified. Drug checking with FTS (n=34) indicated the presence of fentanyl on three tests. Two specimens were subsequently sent for laboratory testing and classified as false positives as the presence of fentanyl was not confirmed. Workshop participants (n=21) felt routine monitoring with FTS currently had limited value. A process for using pre-defined signals to trigger surveillance was developed. CONCLUSION The high false positive rates with FTS, relative to the small number of positive results and potential for them to undermine confidence in FTS emphasised the need for confirmatory testing. The role of routine surveillance was unclear within the current low-fentanyl context, however, a process was developed to upscale testing should signals of increased fentanyl prevalence in the Australian heroin market emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Peninsula Campus. Moorooduc Hwy, VIC, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Monica Barratt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Hiley
- Medically Supervised Injecting Room, North Richmond Community Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Bartlett
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Latimer
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marianne Jauncey
- Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claude Roux
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Morelato
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nico Clark
- Medically Supervised Injecting Room, North Richmond Community Health, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Leanne Francia
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Peninsula Campus. Moorooduc Hwy, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Shipton
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Peninsula Campus. Moorooduc Hwy, VIC, Australia
| | - Dimitri Gerostamoulos
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia; Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda Glowacki
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Tina Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Peninsula Campus. Moorooduc Hwy, VIC, Australia
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Tsang RSM, Joy M, Byford R, Robertson C, Anand SN, Hinton W, Mayor N, Kar D, Williams J, Victor W, Akbari A, Bradley DT, Murphy S, O’Reilly D, Owen RK, Chuter A, Beggs J, Howsam G, Sheikh A, Hobbs FDR, de Lusignan S. Adverse events following first and second dose COVID-19 vaccination in England, October 2020 to September 2021: a national vaccine surveillance platform self-controlled case series study. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200195. [PMID: 36695484 PMCID: PMC9853944 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.3.2200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPost-authorisation vaccine safety surveillance is well established for reporting common adverse events of interest (AEIs) following influenza vaccines, but not for COVID-19 vaccines.AimTo estimate the incidence of AEIs presenting to primary care following COVID-19 vaccination in England, and report safety profile differences between vaccine brands.MethodsWe used a self-controlled case series design to estimate relative incidence (RI) of AEIs reported to the national sentinel network, the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub. We compared AEIs (overall and by clinical category) 7 days pre- and post-vaccination to background levels between 1 October 2020 and 12 September 2021.ResultsWithin 7,952,861 records, 781,200 individuals (9.82%) presented to general practice with 1,482,273 AEIs, 4.85% within 7 days post-vaccination. Overall, medically attended AEIs decreased post-vaccination against background levels. There was a 3-7% decrease in incidence within 7 days after both doses of Comirnaty (RI: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.94 and RI: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.98, respectively) and Vaxzevria (RI: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.98). A 20% increase was observed after one dose of Spikevax (RI: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00-1.44). Fewer AEIs were reported as age increased. Types of AEIs, e.g. increased neurological and psychiatric conditions, varied between brands following two doses of Comirnaty (RI: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.28-1.56) and Vaxzevria (RI: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97-1.78).ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccines are associated with a small decrease in medically attended AEI incidence. Sentinel networks could routinely report common AEI rates, contributing to reporting vaccine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby SM Tsang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Joy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Byford
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom,Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sneha N Anand
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Hinton
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nikhil Mayor
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debasish Kar
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Williams
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Victor
- Royal College of General Practitioners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Akbari
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Declan T Bradley
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom,Public Health Agency, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Murphy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dermot O’Reilly
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon K Owen
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Chuter
- BREATHE – The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian Beggs
- BREATHE – The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Howsam
- Royal College of General Practitioners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - FD Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Royal College of General Practitioners, London, United Kingdom
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Fahim M, Abu ElSood H, AbdElGawad B, Deghedy O, Naguib A, Roshdy WH, Showky S, Kamel R, Elguindy N, Abdel Fattah M, Afifi S, Kandeel A, Abdelghaffar K. Adapting an integrated acute respiratory infections sentinel surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic requirements, Egypt, 2020-2022. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2023; 5:100358. [PMID: 36686982 PMCID: PMC9846875 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Egypt, an integrated surveillance for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) was established in 2016 to identify the causes of ARIs. The surveillance system includes 19 governmental hospitals. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Health Organisation (WHO) requested surveillance adaptation to address the emerging challenges. This study aims to describe the experience in Egypt of adapting ARI surveillance to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods WHO case definitions were used to identify patients with ARIs. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing. Demographic and clinical information were obtained by interviewing patients at the hospitals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the first two outpatients daily and every fifth admitted patient were enrolled in the study. To determine the status of ARIs in Egypt during the pandemic, patient demographic, clinical and laboratory data from 2020 to 2022 were obtained and descriptive analyses were performed. Results Overall, 18,160 patients were enrolled in the study, including 7923 (43.6%) seen at outpatient clinics and 10,237 (56.4%) inpatients. Of the study participants, 6453 (35.5%) tested positive for ARIs, including 5620 (87.1%) for SARS-CoV-2, 781 (12.1%) for influenza and 52 (0.8%) for SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfection. SARS-CoV-2 was the cause for 95.3% of admitted patients and 65.4% of outpatients. Influenza subtypes included A/H3 (55.7%), Influenza-B (29.1%) and H1/pdm09 (14.2%). Compared with influenza, SARS-CoV-2 tended to infect the elderly, in warm weather and in urban governorates, and resulted in more hospitalisations, longer hospital stays and higher case fatalities (16.3% vs 6.6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions ARI surveillance in Egypt was successfully adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and effectively described the clinical characteristics and severity of circulating viruses. Surveillance reported the re-emergence of influenza with a severe course and high fatality. Surveillance is essential for monitoring the activity of respiratory viruses with the aim of guiding clinical management, including preventative and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Fahim
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Abu ElSood
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma AbdElGawad
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Deghedy
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt,Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amel Naguib
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael H. Roshdy
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Showky
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Kamel
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy Elguindy
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Elsheikh Rehan Street, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel Fattah
- Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salma Afifi
- Ministry of Health and Population Consultant, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Kandeel
- Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelghaffar
- Ministry of Health and Population, 3 Magles ElShaab Street, Kasr Alainy, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Palamar JJ, Le A, Rutherford C, Keyes KM. Exploring Potential Bellwethers for Drug-Related Mortality in the General Population: A Case for Sentinel Surveillance of Trends in Drug Use among Nightclub/Festival Attendees. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 58:188-197. [PMID: 36469638 PMCID: PMC9877192 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Background: Drug-related deaths in the US continue to increase. Sentinel surveillance of high-risk populations can provide early warning for shifts in trends. Nightclub/festival attendees have high levels of drug use, so we explored whether use among this population can serve as a potential bellwether or indicator for use-related mortality in the general population.Methods: Trends in past-year cocaine and methamphetamine use were estimated from nightclub/festival attendees in New York City (NYC) and among NY residents, and trends were estimated for related death rates in NYC (2014/15-2019/20). Using national data from England and Wales (2010-2019), trends in past-year cocaine and ecstasy use (among the full population and among nightclub attendees) and related deaths were also estimated.Results: In NY/NYC, cocaine use remained stable in the general population, but use among nightclub/festival attendees and cocaine-related deaths doubled. Methamphetamine use among nightclub/festival attendees and death rates also more than doubled while use among the general population remained stable. In UK countries, increases in cocaine and ecstasy use were larger for infrequent/frequent nightclub attendees than in the general population, with 3.6- and 8-fold increases in related deaths, respectively. In UK countries, the association between nightclub attendance and death rates increased in a dose-response-like manner with larger associations detected when death rates were lagged by one year.Conclusions: Patterns of use among nightclub/festival attendees, more so than patterns in the general population, were similar to patterns of drug-related deaths. Use among this subpopulation could possibly serve as a bellwether for use-related outcomes. Continued surveillance is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Palamar
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Austin Le
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Meci A, Du Breuil F, Vilcu A, Pitel T, Guerrisi C, Robard Q, Turbelin C, Hanslik T, Rossignol L, Souty C, Blanchon T. The Sentiworld project: global mapping of sentinel surveillance networks in general practice. BMC Prim Care 2022; 23:173. [PMID: 35836123 PMCID: PMC9281158 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel networks composed of general practitioners (GPs) represent a powerful tool for epidemiologic surveillance and ad-hoc studies. Globalization necesitates greater international cooperation among sentinel networks. The aim of this study was to inventory GP sentinel networks involved in epidemiological surveillance on a global scale. METHODS GP sentinel surveillance networks were inventoried globally between July 2016 and December 2019. Each identified network was required to fill out an electronic descriptive survey for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 148 networks were identified as potential surveillance networks in general practice and were contacted. Among them, 48 were included in the study. Geographically, 33 networks (68.8%) were located in Europe and 38 (79.2%) had national coverage. The number of GPs registered in these networks represented between 0.1 and 100% of the total number of GPs in the network's country or region, with a median of 2.5%. All networks were involved in continuous epidemiologic surveillance and 47 (97.9%) monitored influenza-like illness. Data collection methods were paper-based forms (n = 26, 55.3%), electronic forms on a dedicated website (n = 18, 38.3%), electronic forms on a dedicated software program (n = 14, 29.8%), and direct extraction from electronic medical records (n = 14, 29.8%). Along with this study, a website has been created to share all data collected. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first global geographic mapping of GP sentinel surveillance networks. By sharing this information, collaboration between networks will be easier, which can strengthen the quality of international epidemiologic surveillance. In the face of crises like that of COVID-19, this is more imperative than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Meci
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Du Breuil
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Ana Vilcu
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Pitel
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Guerrisi
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Robard
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Clément Turbelin
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR Simone Veil - Santé, F78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Médecine Interne, F92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Département de médecine générale, Université Paris Diderot, F75018, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMRS 1136, Sorbonne Université, F75012, Paris, France
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14
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Bagaria J, Jansen T, Marques DF, Hooiveld M, McMenamin J, de Lusignan S, Vilcu AM, Meijer A, Rodrigues AP, Brytting M, Mazagatos C, Cogdale J, van der Werf S, Dijkstra F, Guiomar R, Enkirch T, Valenciano M. Rapidly adapting primary care sentinel surveillance across seven countries in Europe for COVID-19 in the first half of 2020: strengths, challenges, and lessons learned. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35775429 PMCID: PMC9248262 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.26.2100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020, primary care influenza sentinel surveillance networks within the Influenza - Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) consortium rapidly adapted to COVID-19 surveillance. This study maps system adaptations and lessons learned about aligning influenza and COVID-19 surveillance following ECDC / WHO/Europe recommendations and preparing for other diseases possibly emerging in the future. Using a qualitative approach, we describe the adaptations of seven sentinel sites in five European Union countries and the United Kingdom during the first pandemic phase (March–September 2020). Adaptations to sentinel systems were substantial (2/7 sites), moderate (2/7) or minor (3/7 sites). Most adaptations encompassed patient referral and sample collection pathways, laboratory testing and data collection. Strengths included established networks of primary care providers, highly qualified testing laboratories and stakeholder commitments. One challenge was the decreasing number of samples due to altered patient pathways. Lessons learned included flexibility establishing new routines and new laboratory testing. To enable simultaneous sentinel surveillance of influenza and COVID-19, experiences of the sentinel sites and testing infrastructure should be considered. The contradicting aims of rapid case finding and contact tracing, which are needed for control during a pandemic and regular surveillance, should be carefully balanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Maria Vilcu
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mia Brytting
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Molecular Genetics of RNA viruses unit, National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Paris, France
| | - Frederika Dijkstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
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- The members of the I-MOVE-COVID-19 primary care study team are listed under Collaborators
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15
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Glatman-Freedman A, Gur-Arie L, Sefty H, Kaufman Z, Bromberg M, Dichtiar R, Rosenberg A, Pando R, Nemet I, Kliker L, Mendelson E, Keinan-Boker L, Zuckerman NS, Mandelboim M. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on respiratory syndromic and sentinel surveillance in Israel, 2020: a new perspective on established systems. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35451365 PMCID: PMC9027148 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.16.2100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges for the existing respiratory surveillance systems, and adaptations were implemented. Systematic assessment of the syndromic and sentinel surveillance platforms during the pandemic is essential for understanding the value of each platform in the context of an emerging pathogen with rapid global spread. Aim We aimed to evaluate systematically the performance of various respiratory syndromic surveillance platforms and the sentinel surveillance system in Israel from 1 January to 31 December 2020. Methods We compared the 2020 syndromic surveillance trends to those of the previous 3 years, using Poisson regression adjusted for overdispersion. To assess the performance of the sentinel clinic system as compared with the national SARS-CoV-2 repository, a cubic spline with 7 knots and 95% confidence intervals were applied to the sentinel network's weekly percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 cases. Results Syndromic surveillance trends changed substantially during 2020, with a statistically significant reduction in the rates of visits to physicians and emergency departments to below previous years' levels. Morbidity patterns of the syndromic surveillance platforms were inconsistent with the progress of the pandemic, while the sentinel surveillance platform was found to reflect the national circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Conclusion Our findings reveal the robustness of the sentinel clinics platform for the surveillance of the main respiratory viruses during the pandemic and possibly beyond. The robustness of the sentinel clinics platform during 2020 supports its use in locations with insufficient resources for widespread testing of respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lea Gur-Arie
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hanna Sefty
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zalman Kaufman
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Bromberg
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rita Dichtiar
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alina Rosenberg
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rakefet Pando
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta S Zuckerman
- The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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- The Israeli Respiratory Viruses Surveillance Network (IRVSN) members are listed under Acknowledgements
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16
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Tandale BV, Bondre VP, Sapkal GN, Gopalkrishna V, Gurav YK, Rao RK, Qazi MS, Narang R, Guduru VK, Niswade AK, Jain M. Childhood encephalitis hospitalizations associated with virus agents in medium-endemic states in India. J Clin Virol 2021; 144:104970. [PMID: 34560339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of childhood acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in India. We enhanced the AES surveillance in sentinel hospitals to determine trends and virus etiologies in central India. METHODS The neurological hospitalizations among children ≤15 years were tracked by using the AES case definition implemented by the national program. Acute and convalescent sera along with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected and tested at the strengthened site hospital laboratories for anti-JE, anti-Dengue and anti-Chikungunya virus by IgM ELISA; along with Chandipura virus RT-PCR. Herpes simplex and enterovirus testing was undertaken at the reference laboratory. RESULTS Among 1619 pediatric neurological hospitalizations reported during 2015-16, AES case definition was fulfilled in 332 (20.5%) cases. After excluding 52 non-AES cases, 280 AES cases resident from study districts were considered eligible for study. The treating physicians diagnosed non-viral causes in 90 cases, therefore 190 (67.9%) of 280 AES cases were suspected with viral etiologies. We enrolled 140 (73.7%) of 190 eligible AES cases. Viral etiologies were confirmed in 31 (22.1%) of 140 enrolled AES cases. JE (n = 22) was the leading cause. Additional non-JE viral agents included Chikungunya (5), Dengue (2) and Chandipura (2). However, only 21 (9.4%) of 222 additional AES cases referred from peripheral hospitals were confirmed as JE. CONCLUSIONS Japanese encephalitis virus continues to be the leading cause of childhood acute encephalitis syndrome in central India despite vaccination program. Surveillance needs to be intensified for assessing the true disease burden of Japanese encephalitis following vaccination program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay P Bondre
- ICMR - National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Yogesh K Gurav
- ICMR - National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Kondal Rao
- Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | | | - Rahul Narang
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Manish Jain
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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- ICMR - National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India; Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India; Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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17
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de Lusignan S, Tsang RSM, Amirthalingam G, Akinyemi O, Sherlock J, Tripathy M, Deeks A, Ferreira F, Howsam G, Hobbs FDR, Joy M. Adverse events of interest following influenza vaccination, a comparison of cell culture-based with egg-based alternatives: English sentinel network annual report paper 2019/20. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2021; 2:100029. [PMID: 34557791 PMCID: PMC8454842 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) is now offered as an alternative to egg-based quadrivalent (QIVe) and adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) influenza vaccines in the UK. While post-licensure studies show non-inferiority of cell-based vaccines, it is not known how its safety profile compares to other types of vaccines in real-world use. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using computerised medical records from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) sentinel network database. We used a self-controlled case series design and calculated the relative incidence (RI) of adverse events of interest (AEIs) over different risk periods. We then compared the RIs of AEIs within seven days of vaccination overall and between QIVc and QIVe in the 18–64 years age group, and between QIVc and aTIV in the ≥65 years age group. Findings The majority of AEIs occurred within seven days of vaccination, and a seasonal effect was observed. Using QIVc as the reference group, QIVe showed similar incidence of AEIs whereas live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and aTIV had lower incidence of AEIs. In the stratified analyses, QIVe and aTIV were associated with a 16% lower incidence of AEIs in the seven days post-vaccination in both the 18–64 years and ≥65 years age groups. Interpretation Routine sentinel network data allow comparisons of safety profiles of equally suitable seasonal influenza vaccines. The higher incidence of AEIs associated with QIVc suggest monitoring of several seasons would allow robust comparisons to be made. Funding Public Health England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.,Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, 30 Euston Square, London NW1 2FB, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby S M Tsang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oluwafunmi Akinyemi
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Sherlock
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Manasa Tripathy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Deeks
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Howsam
- Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, 30 Euston Square, London NW1 2FB, United Kingdom
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Joy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
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18
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Zhou SX, Wang LP, Liu MY, Zhang HY, Lu QB, Shi LS, Ren X, Wang YF, Lin SH, Zhang CH, Geng MJ, Zhang XA, Zhu YL, Li ZJ, Fang LQ, Liu W, Yang WZ. Characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among patients with acute diarrhea in China, 2009‒2018. J Infect 2021; 83:424-32. [PMID: 34358582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the epidemiological features of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in patients with acute diarrhea in China. Methods An active sentinel surveillance was performed in all-age patients with acute diarrhea in China, 2009‒2018. DEC was isolated and identified by serological assay and PCR from stool samples. Results DEC was determined in 6.68% (6,119/91,651) of the patients, with higher positive rates among females than among males (6.97% vs. 6.46%) and among 18‒59 years patients (7.88%) than among other age groups. Five pathotypes were identified, the most prevalent was enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Pediatric patients <5 years had higher positive rate of EAEC (2.07%), followed by EPEC (1.81%), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (0.31%), while the 18‒59 years patients had higher infection of ETEC (2.36%). ETEC and EPEC were more frequently identified in urban than rural areas, with age and gender adjusted positive rate of 1.68% vs. 1.14% respectively, and 1.77% vs. 1.55%, while EIEC and EHEC were more frequently identified in rural areas. Conclusions These findings highlight the epidemiology features of DEC and underscores the need for conducting DEC surveillance.
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19
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Schubert G, Achi V, Ahuka S, Belarbi E, Bourhaima O, Eckmanns T, Johnstone S, Kabore F, Kra O, Mendes A, Ouedraogo AS, Poda A, Some AS, Tomczyk S, Couacy-Hymann E, Kayembe JM, Meda N, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Ouangraoua S, Page N, Venter M, Leendertz FH, Akoua-Koffi C. The African Network for Improved Diagnostics, Epidemiology and Management of common infectious Agents. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:539. [PMID: 34098893 PMCID: PMC8184052 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sub-Saharan Africa, acute respiratory infections (ARI), acute gastrointestinal infections (GI) and acute febrile disease of unknown cause (AFDUC) have a large disease burden, especially among children, while respective aetiologies often remain unresolved. The need for robust infectious disease surveillance to detect emerging pathogens along with common human pathogens has been highlighted by the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The African Network for Improved Diagnostics, Epidemiology and Management of Common Infectious Agents (ANDEMIA) is a sentinel surveillance study on the aetiology and clinical characteristics of ARI, GI and AFDUC in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods ANDEMIA includes 12 urban and rural health care facilities in four African countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of South Africa). It was piloted in 2018 in Côte d’Ivoire and the initial phase will run from 2019 to 2021. Case definitions for ARI, GI and AFDUC were established, as well as syndrome-specific sampling algorithms including the collection of blood, naso- and oropharyngeal swabs and stool. Samples are tested using comprehensive diagnostic protocols, ranging from classic bacteriology and antimicrobial resistance screening to multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems and High Throughput Sequencing. In March 2020, PCR testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and analysis of full genomic information was included in the study. Standardised questionnaires collect relevant clinical, demographic, socio-economic and behavioural data for epidemiologic analyses. Controls are enrolled over a 12-month period for a nested case-control study. Data will be assessed descriptively and aetiologies will be evaluated using a latent class analysis among cases. Among cases and controls, an integrated analytic approach using logistic regression and Bayesian estimation will be employed to improve the assessment of aetiology and associated risk factors. Discussion ANDEMIA aims to expand our understanding of ARI, GI and AFDUC aetiologies in sub-Saharan Africa using a comprehensive laboratory diagnostics strategy. It will foster early detection of emerging threats and continued monitoring of important common pathogens. The network collaboration will be strengthened and site diagnostic capacities will be reinforced to improve quality management and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Achi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.,Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Steve Ahuka
- Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ouattara Bourhaima
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.,Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Siobhan Johnstone
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | | | - Ouffoue Kra
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.,Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Adriano Mendes
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Poda
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National d'Appui au Développement Agricole / Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jean-Marie Kayembe
- Hôpital Universitaire/Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum
- Institut National de la Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Hôpital Universitaire/Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Nicola Page
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.,University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | | | | | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. .,Université Alassane Ouattara de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire.
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20
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Harmon KJ, Fliss MD, Marshall SW, Peticolas K, Proescholdbell SK, Waller AE. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of emergency department services for the treatment of injuries. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 47:187-191. [PMID: 33892334 PMCID: PMC8056481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The global COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the utilization of healthcare services; however, the impact on population-level emergency department (ED) utilization patterns for the treatment of acute injuries has not been fully characterized. OBJECTIVE This study examined the frequency of North Carolina (NC) EDs visits for selected injury mechanisms during the first eleven months of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data were obtained from the NC Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (NC DETECT), NC's legislatively mandated statewide syndromic surveillance system for the years 2019 and 2020. Frequencies of January - November 2020 NC ED visits were compared to frequencies of 2019 visits for selected injury mechanisms, classified according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) injury diagnosis and mechanism codes. RESULTS In 2020, the total number of injury-related visits declined by 19.5% (N = 651,158) as compared to 2019 (N = 809,095). Visits related to motor vehicle traffic crashes declined by a greater percentage (29%) and falls (19%) declined by a comparable percentage to total injury-related visits. Visits related to assault (15%) and self-harm (10%) declined by smaller percentages. Medication/drug overdose visits increased (10%), the only injury mechanism studied to increase during this period. CONCLUSION Both ED avoidance and decreased exposures may have contributed to these declines, creating implications for injury morbidity and mortality. Injury outcomes exacerbated by the pandemic should be addressed by timely public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Harmon
- Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 730 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Suite 300, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3430, USA.
| | - Mike Dolan Fliss
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7505, USA; Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, Division of Public Health, NC Department of Health and Human Services, 1915 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1915, USA.
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7505, USA.
| | - Kathy Peticolas
- Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Market Street, Suite 1, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, Division of Public Health, NC Department of Health and Human Services, 1915 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1915, USA.
| | - Scott K Proescholdbell
- Injury and Violence Prevention Branch, Division of Public Health, NC Department of Health and Human Services, 1915 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1915, USA.
| | - Anna E Waller
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 725 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7505, USA; Carolina Center for Health Informatics, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100 Market Street, Suite 1, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
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21
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Pandey P, Lee K, Amatya B, Angelo KM, Shlim DR, Murphy H. Health problems in travellers to Nepal visiting CIWEC clinic in Kathmandu - A GeoSentinel analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 40:101999. [PMID: 33639265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nepal has always been a popular international travel destination. There is limited published data, however, on the spectrum of illnesses acquired by travellers to Nepal. METHODS GeoSentinel is a global data collection network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records for ill travellers with at least one confirmed or probable diagnosis, were extracted from the GeoSentinel database for the CIWEC Clinic Kathmandu site from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017. RESULTS A total of 24,271 records were included. The median age was 30 years (range: 0-91); 54% were female. The top 3 system-based diagnoses in travellers were: gastrointestinal (32%), pulmonary (16%), and dermatologic (9%). Altitude illness comprised 9% of all diagnoses. There were 278 vaccine-preventable diseases, most frequently influenza A (41%) and typhoid fever (19%; S. typhi 52 and S. paratyphi 62). Of 64 vector-borne illnesses, dengue was the most frequent (64%), followed by imported malaria (14%). There was a single traveller with Japanese encephalitis. Six deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS Travellers to Nepal face a wide spectrum of illnesses, particularly diarrhoea, respiratory disease, and altitude illness. Pre-travel consultations for travellers to Nepal should focus on prevention and treatment of diarrhoea and altitude illness, along with appropriate immunizations and travel advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Pandey
- CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center, Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Keun Lee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bhawana Amatya
- CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center, Lainchaur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Kristina M Angelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - David R Shlim
- Jackson Hole Travel and Tropical, Jackson Hole, WY, USA.
| | - Holly Murphy
- IHA Infectious Diseases Consultants, 5333 McAuley Dr., Ypsilanti, MI, USA.
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22
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Dumyati G, Gaur S, Nace DA, Jump RLP. Does Universal Testing for COVID-19 Work for Everyone? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1525-1532. [PMID: 32958402 PMCID: PMC7428671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially devastating among nursing home residents, with both the health circumstances of individual residents as well as communal living settings contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection requires a multipronged approach that includes early identification of infected residents and health care personnel, compliance with infection prevention and control measures, cohorting infected residents, and furlough of infected staff. Strategies to address COVID-19 infections among nursing home residents vary based on the availability for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests, the incorporation of tests into broader surveillance efforts, and using results to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 by identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic infections. We review the tests available to diagnose COVID-19 infections, the implications of universal testing for nursing home staff and residents, interpretation of test results, issues around repeat testing, and incorporation of test results as part of a long-term response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose a structured approach for facility-wide testing of residents and staff and provide alternatives if testing capacity is limited, emphasizing contact tracing. Nursing homes with strong screening protocols for residents and staff, that engage in contact tracing for new cases, and that continue to remain vigilant about infection prevent and control practices, may better serve their residents and staff by thoughtful use of symptom- and risk-based testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghinwa Dumyati
- Center for Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Swati Gaur
- New Horizons Nursing Facilities, Gainesville, GA, USA
| | - David A Nace
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robin L P Jump
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Infectious Disease Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Billong SC, Fokam J, Anoubissi JDD, Kengne Nde C, Toukam Fodjo R, Ngo Nemb M, Moussa Y, Lienou Messeh A, Ndjolo A, Nfetam Elat JB. The declining trend of HIV-Infection among pregnant women in Cameroon infers an epidemic decline in the general population. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04118. [PMID: 32566779 PMCID: PMC7298417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV remains a generalised epidemic in Cameroon, with regular sentinel surveillance surveys (SSS) conducted among pregnant women to monitor the epidemiological dynamics, and for strategic policy making. Our main objective was to actualise data on HIV epidemiology, and compare the trends overtime among pregnant women versus data from the general population in Cameroon. Methods Sentinel surveillance was conducted in 2016 among pregnant women in the 10 regions (60 sites) of Cameroon, targeting 7,000 first antenatal care (ANC-1) attendees (4,000 in urban; 3,000 in rural). HIV testing was done following the serial national algorithm at the National Public Health Laboratory. Results of 2016 were compared with 2009 and 2012 dataset, alongside reports from the general population; with p < 0.05 considered statistical significant. Findings A total of 6,859 ANC-1 (97.99% sampling) were enrolled in 2016, with 99.19% (6,513/6,566) acceptability for HIV testing; similar to performances in 2009 and 2012 (>99%). National prevalence of HIV was 5.70% (389/6,819), similar between urban (5.58%) and rural (5.87%) settings. HIV prevalence among pregnant women declined significantly from 2009 (7.6%), 2012 (7.8%) to 2016 (5.7%), p < 0.0001; with a similar declining trend in the general population: from 2004 (5.5%), 2011 (4.3%) to 2017 (3.4%), p < 0.0001. Difference between SSS and the population-based survey was non-significant (r = 0.6; p = 0.285). Following geographical settings, HIV prevalence was higher in urban vs. rural settings from 2009-2012 (p < 0.0001), followed by similar rates in 2016. Early-age infection (15–24 years) decreased from 6.7% in 2009 to 3.4% in 2016, with remarkable declines in new infections within the age ranges 15–19 years (5.1%–1.57%) and 20–24 years (7.8%–4.39%). Interpretation With high acceptability in HIV testing, the prevalence of HIV-infection through SSS indicates a declining but generalised epidemic among pregnant women in Cameroon. Of note, as the declining prevalence among pregnant women also reflects an epidemic reduction in the general population, SSS represents an efficient strategy to understand the dynamics of HIV epidemics in the general Cameroonian population, pending validation by periodic population surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge-Clotaire Billong
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Working Group, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Working Group, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyprien Kengne Nde
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Toukam Fodjo
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marinette Ngo Nemb
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yasmine Moussa
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Alexis Ndjolo
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Bosco Nfetam Elat
- Central Technical Group, National AIDS Control Committee, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,National HIV Drug Resistance Working Group, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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24
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Angelo JR, Fuller TL, Leandro BBS, Praça HLF, Marques RD, Ferreira JMC, Pupe CCB, Perez OC, Nielsen-Saines K, Nascimento OJM, Sabroza PC. Neurological complications associated with emerging viruses in Brazil. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 148 Suppl 2:70-75. [PMID: 31975402 PMCID: PMC7065065 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To test the hypotheses that emerging viruses are associated with neurological hospitalizations and that statistical models can be used to predict neurological sequelae from viral infections. Methods An ecological study was carried out to observe time trends in the number of hospitalizations with inflammatory polyneuropathy and Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in the state of Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2017. Increases in GBS from month to month were assessed using a Farrington test. In addition, a cross‐sectional study was conducted analyzing 50 adults hospitalized for inflammatory polyneuropathies from 2015 to 2017. The extent to which Zika virus symptoms explained GBS hospitalizations was evaluated using a calibration test. Results There were significant increases (Farrington test, P<0.001) in the incidence of GBS following the introduction of influenza A/H1N1 in 2009, dengue virus type 4 in 2013, and Zika virus in 2015. Of 50 patients hospitalized, 14 (28.0%) were diagnosed with arboviruses, 9 (18.0%) with other viruses, and the remainder with other causes of such neuropathies. Statistical models based on cases of emerging viruses accurately predicted neurological sequelae, such as GBS. Conclusion The introduction of novel viruses increases the incidence of inflammatory neuropathies. The introduction of novel viruses increases the incidence of inflammatory neuropathies in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara R Angelo
- Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemic Disease, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Trevon L Fuller
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bianca B S Leandro
- Joaquim Venancio National Health Polytechnic School, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor L F Praça
- Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemic Disease, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata D Marques
- Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemic Disease, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João M C Ferreira
- Department of Neurology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila C B Pupe
- Department of Neurology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olívia C Perez
- Department of Political Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Paulo C Sabroza
- Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemic Disease, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Veiga-Junior NN, Cavalari CA, Eugeni C, Kajiura BD, Stefano N, Baccaro LF. Post-abortion contraception before hospital discharge after installation of a surveillance network in Brazil. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150:200-205. [PMID: 32304228 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of contraception soon after abortion, ectopic, or molar pregnancy following the establishment of a surveillance network (MUSA). METHODS A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion, or ectopic or molar pregnancy at UNICAMP Women's Hospital (part of the MUSA Network), Campinas, Brazil, between July 2017 and August 2019. Clinical and sociodemographic data were compared between women who initiated contraception before discharge and those who did not by using a Cochran-Armitage test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 382 women were enrolled (mean ± SD age, 29.6 ± 7.4 years). Most women (287, 75.2%) had abortions, and 146 (38.2%) initiated contraception before hospital discharge. The most common contraceptives were injectables (75, 51.4%) followed by pills (65, 44.5%). Use of contraception increased during the study period (Z=3.69, P<0.01), mostly due to injectables (Z=3.84, P<0.01). Factors independently associated with contraceptive initiation were admission in 2019 (odds ratio [OR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-5.17) and not having an abortion for legal reasons (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.30-9.62). CONCLUSION Implementation of a surveillance network optimized the health service and quality of care. There was an increase in contraception use and a vulnerable population was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio N Veiga-Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila A Cavalari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Eugeni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Kajiura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia Stefano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Baccaro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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26
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Elhakim M, Hafiz Rasooly M, Fahim M, Sheikh Ali S, Haddad N, Cherkaoui I, Hjaija D, Nadeem S, Assiri A, Aljifri A, Elkholy A, Barakat A, Shrestha B, Abubakar A, Malik SMMR. Epidemiology of severe cases of influenza and other acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, July 2016 to June 2018. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:423-429. [PMID: 31281105 PMCID: PMC7102678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza surveillance systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region have been strengthened in the past few years and 16 of the 19 countries in the Region with functional influenza surveillance systems report their influenza data to the EMFLU Network. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of circulating influenza viruses, causing SARI, and reported to the EMFLU during July 2016 to June 2018. METHODS Data included in this study were collected by 15 countries of the Region from 110 SARI sentinel surveillance sites over two influenza seasons. RESULTS A total of 40,917 cases of SARI were included in the study. Most cases [20,551 (50.2%)] were less than 5years of age. Influenza virus was detected in 3995 patients, 2849 (11.8%) were influenza A and 1146 (4.8%) were influenza B. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predominant circulating subtype with 1666 cases (58.5%). Other than influenza, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common respiratory infection circulating, with 277 cases (35.9%). CONCLUSION Influenza viruses cause a high number of severe respiratory infections in EMR. It is crucial for the countries to continue improving their influenza surveillance capacity in order detect any unusual influenza activity or new strain that may cause a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhakim
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly
- Surveillance/National Influenza Coordinator, EHIS DG, Surveillance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Manal Fahim
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami Sheikh Ali
- Data Analysis Division, Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Communicable Diseases Directorate, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadine Haddad
- Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Cherkaoui
- Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Diaa Hjaija
- Palestinian Ministry of Health, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Shazia Nadeem
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Alanoud Aljifri
- Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Adult Infectious Disease Consultant, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amgad Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bhagawan Shrestha
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sk Md Mamunur R Malik
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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Shioda K, de Oliveira LH, Sanwogou J, Rey-Benito G, Nuñez Azzad D, Castillo RE, Gamarra Ramírez ML, Von Horoch MR, Weinberger DM, Pitzer VE. Identifying signatures of the impact of rotavirus vaccines on hospitalizations using sentinel surveillance data from Latin American countries. Vaccine 2019; 38:323-329. [PMID: 31672333 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive surveillance data are often the only available source of data that can be used to evaluate the population-level impact of vaccination, but such data often suffer from important limitations such as changes in surveillance efforts. This study provides an example of how to identify important signatures of rotavirus vaccine impact, including evaluating the overall effectiveness and changes in rotavirus seasonal dynamics. METHODS We used data from a standardized sentinel rotavirus surveillance network in six Latin American countries (Bolivia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela) from 2004 to 2017. A random-effects model was used to evaluate changes in the proportion of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations following vaccine introduction. Harmonic regression models were used to estimate vaccine impact on the number of rotavirus hospitalizations, controlling for trends in rotavirus-negative cases. Changes to rotavirus seasonality were evaluated using center of gravity analysis, wavelet analysis, and harmonic regression. RESULTS All countries observed declines in the proportion of rotavirus-positive acute diarrhea samples with a mean reduction of 16% (95% confidence interval: 10-22%). We estimate that each 10% increase in vaccine coverage was associated with declines in the number of rotavirus-positive cases, ranging from 4.3% (1.3-7.2%) in Honduras to 21.4% (16.8-25.9%) in Venezuela. The strength of the seasonal peak in rotavirus incidence became smaller after vaccine introduction in Guatemala, Honduras, and Venezuela. Seasonal peaks also shifted later in the surveillance year, especially in higher-mortality countries. CONCLUSIONS The combination of methods we applied have different strengths that allow us to identify common signatures of rotavirus vaccine impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Shioda
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer Sanwogou
- Immunization Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Gloria Rey-Benito
- Immunization Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Diana Nuñez Azzad
- Jefa Unidad de Vigilancia de la Salud, Secretaria de Salud- Honduras, Avenida Miguel Cervantes, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | | | - Marta Raquel Von Horoch
- Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Daniel M Weinberger
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA
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28
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Bai JY, Ning TL, Zhou N, Guo Y, Yu MH. [HIV infection status and related factors in men who have sex with men in sentinel surveillance in Tianjin, 2016-2018]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:1106-1110. [PMID: 31594154 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the HIV infection status and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin during 2016-2018. Methods: According to the sentinel surveillance protocol, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted to collect the information about the awareness of AIDS, related behaviors, HIV infection, syphilis prevalence and HCV infection in the MSM in Tianjin with the annual sample seize of 400 between April and June during 2016-2018. Results: From 2016 to 2018, a total of 1 200 MSM were surveyed. The condom use rate in anal sex was 45.4% (544/1 198) in the past 6 months. The HIV test rate in MSM recruited through network declined with year (trend χ(2)=42.742, P<0.001). The overall HIV infection rate was 3.3% (40/1 200). The HIV-1 infection rate was 2.6% (95%CI: 1.7%-3.5%). The overall prevalence rate of syphilis was 6.7% (80/1 200). The overall HCV infection rate was 0.8% (9/1 200). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with HIV infection in the MSM included divorced or widowed (compared with unmarried, aOR=7.137, 95%CI: 1.621-31.419) and syphilis positive group (compared with syphilis negative group, aOR=3.684, 95%CI: 1.520-8.932). The protective factors for HIV infection in the MSM included consistent use of condom in the past 6 months (compared with occasional use of condom, aOR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.126-0.932) and HIV test (compared with receiving no HIV test, aOR=0.314, 95%CI: 0.123-0.801). Conclusions: The HIV infection rate in the MSM in Tianjin was high from 2016 to 2018. Syphilis prevalence status in MSM should not be neglected. The rate of consistent condom use in anal sex was low in the MSM. It is necessary to take effective measures to promote condom use and strengthen HIV test in MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Bai
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
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29
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Torner N, Basile L, Martínez A, Rius C, Godoy P, Jané M, Domínguez Á. Assessment of two complementary influenza surveillance systems: sentinel primary care influenza-like illness versus severe hospitalized laboratory-confirmed influenza using the moving epidemic method. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1089. [PMID: 31409397 PMCID: PMC6691547 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring seasonal influenza epidemics is the corner stone to epidemiological surveillance of acute respiratory virus infections worldwide. This work aims to compare two sentinel surveillance systems within the Daily Acute Respiratory Infection Information System of Catalonia (PIDIRAC), the primary care ILI and Influenza confirmed samples from primary care (PIDIRAC-ILI and PIDIRAC-FLU) and the severe hospitalized laboratory confirmed influenza system (SHLCI), in regard to how they behave in the forecasting of epidemic onset and severity allowing for healthcare preparedness. METHODS Epidemiological study carried out during seven influenza seasons (2010-2017) in Catalonia, with data from influenza sentinel surveillance of primary care physicians reporting ILI along with laboratory confirmation of influenza from systematic sampling of ILI cases and 12 hospitals that provided data on severe hospitalized cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza (SHLCI-FLU). Epidemic thresholds for ILI and SHLCI-FLU (overall) as well as influenza A (SHLCI-FLUA) and influenza B (SHLCI-FLUB) incidence rates were assessed by the Moving Epidemics Method. RESULTS Epidemic thresholds for primary care sentinel surveillance influenza-like illness (PIDIRAC-ILI) incidence rates ranged from 83.65 to 503.92 per 100.000 h. Paired incidence rate curves for SHLCI -FLU / PIDIRAC-ILI and SHLCI-FLUA/ PIDIRAC-FLUA showed best correlation index' (0.805 and 0.724 respectively). Assessing delay in reaching epidemic level, PIDIRAC-ILI source forecasts an average of 1.6 weeks before the rest of sources paired. Differences are higher when SHLCI cases are paired to PIDIRAC-ILI and PIDIRAC-FLUB although statistical significance was observed only for SHLCI-FLU/PIDIRAC-ILI (p-value Wilcoxon test = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The combined ILI and confirmed influenza from primary care along with the severe hospitalized laboratory confirmed influenza data from PIDIRAC sentinel surveillance system provides timely and accurate syndromic and virological surveillance of influenza from the community level to hospitalization of severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torner
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, Salvany Building, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Medicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luca Basile
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, Salvany Building, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, Salvany Building, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Godoy
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, Salvany Building, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Jané
- Department of Health, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, Salvany Building, Roc Boronat 81-95, 08005, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Domínguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang Z, Zheng YM, Jiang LL, Ji H, Chen GP, Luo P, Pan JJ, Tian XL, Wei LL, Huo D, Miao ZP, Zou XN, Chen JH, Liao QH, Chang ZR. [Review on the etiology and complications of hand, foot and mouth disease, using data from the national sentinel surveillance program, in China, 2015-2016]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:627-632. [PMID: 31238609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the characteristics relating to the etiology and complications of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) based on data from the pilot National Sentinel Surveillance (NSS) program so as to explore the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of the NSS. Methods: Data were extracted from the NSS system, conducted in 11 provinces of China from November 2015 to October 2016. Characteristics regarding the etiology, complications of HFMD and factors related to the positive rates of HFMD specimens were analyzed under the logistic regression method by SPSS 20.0 software. Results: A total of 4 783 specimens were collected, including 3 390 from mild, 1 390 from severe and 3 from death cases. The overall positive rate was 81.43% (3 895/4 783). Other enteroviruses (non EV71/Cox A16 enteroviruses) appeared the major serotype (52.68%, 1 482/2 813) for mild infection of the disease while EV71 was for the severe cases (65.31%, 706/1 081). The serotype spectrum revealed by the pilot NSS was almost identical with the existing surveillance system. Other enteroviruses tended to infect younger children (χ(2)=130.17, P<0.001) than EV71 and Cox A16, in China. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that higher positive rate was associated with specimens which were collected from males, at children' hospitals, in peak seasons, timely and in stools. The positive rates presented downwarding trends with the extension of the onset-sampling interval (χ(2)=14.47, P<0.001 in stool specimen; χ(2)=31.99, P<0.001 in throat swab; χ(2)=24.26, P<0.001 in anal swab). Aseptic meningitis, non-brainstem encephalitis and brainstem encephalitis appeared the top three complications of both EV71-associated and other enteroviruses-associated severe HFMD cases. Conclusions: Factors as gender, season/place/timeliness of specimen collection, and types of hospital all appeared independently influenced the positive rates. NSS seemed feasible to be used as an alternative or supplement tool to the existing surveillance program in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210003, China; Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y M Zheng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on InfectiousDisease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - L L Jiang
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650011, China
| | - H Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - G P Chen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China
| | - P Luo
- Shaoyang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - J J Pan
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - X L Tian
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region General Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - L L Wei
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - D Huo
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Z P Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - X N Zou
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511440, China
| | - J H Chen
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q H Liao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on InfectiousDisease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Z R Chang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on InfectiousDisease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Vilcu AM, Blanchon T, Sabatte L, Souty C, Maravic M, Hanslik T, Steichen O. Cross-validation of an algorithm detecting acute gastroenteritis episodes from prescribed drug dispensing data in France: comparison with clinical data reported in a primary care surveillance system, winter seasons 2014/15 to 2016/17. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:110. [PMID: 31151387 PMCID: PMC6545010 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compares an algorithm to detect acute gastroenteritis (AG) episodes from drug dispensing data to the validated data reported in a primary care surveillance system in France. Methods We used drug dispensing data collected in a drugstore database and data collected by primary care physicians involved in a French surveillance network, from season 2014/15 to 2016/17. We used an adapted version of an AG discrimination algorithm to identify AG episodes from the drugstore database. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the agreement between weekly AG signals obtained from the two data sources during winter months, in the overall population, by specific age-groups and by regions. Results Correlations between AG signals for all ages were 0.84 [95%CI 0.69; 0.92] for season 2014/15, 0.87 [95%CI 0.75; 0.93] for season 2015/16 and 0.94 [95%CI 0.88; 0.97] for season 2016/17. The association between AG signals estimated from two data sources varied significantly across age groups in season 2016/17 (p-value < 0.01), and across regions in all three seasons studied (p-value < 0.01). Conclusions There is a strong agreement between the dynamic of AG activity estimated from drug dispensing data and from validated primary care surveillance data collected during winter months in the overall population but the agreement is poorer in several age groups and in several regions. Once automated, the reuse of drug dispensing data, already collected for reimbursement purposes, could be a cost-efficient method to monitor AG activity at the national level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12874-019-0745-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Vilcu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Laure Sabatte
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Milka Maravic
- Real World Insight, IQVIA, F-92099, La Défense Cedex, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Lariboisière, Service de Rhumatologie, F-75010, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), F-75012, Paris, France.,Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine, F-78000, Versailles, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Médecine Interne, F-92100, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Olivier Steichen
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, université Paris 13, Laboratoire d'informatique médicale et d'ingénierie des connaissances en e-santé, LIMICS, F-75006, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), hôpital Tenon, Service de Médecine Interne, F-75020, Paris, France
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32
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Bai YL, Huang DS, Liu J, Li DQ, Guan P. Effect of meteorological factors on influenza-like illness from 2012 to 2015 in Huludao, a northeastern city in China. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6919. [PMID: 31110929 PMCID: PMC6501768 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to describe the epidemiological patterns of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Huludao, China and seek scientific evidence on the link of ILI activity with weather factors. Methods Surveillance data of ILI cases between January 2012 and December 2015 was collected in Huludao Central Hospital, meteorological data was obtained from the China Meteorological Data Service Center. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to seek the relationship between the number of ILI cases and the meteorological factors. Multiple Smoothing parameter estimation was made on the basis of Poisson distribution, where the number of weekly ILI cases was treated as response, and the smoothness of weather was treated as covariates. Lag time was determined by the smallest Akaike information criterion (AIC). Smoothing coefficients were estimated for the prediction of the number of ILI cases. Results A total of 29, 622 ILI cases were observed during the study period, with children ILI cases constituted 86.77%. The association between ILI activity and meteorological factors varied across different lag periods. The lag time for average air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, vapor pressure and relative humidity were 2, 2, 1, 1 and 0 weeks, respectively. Average air temperature, maximum air temperature, minimum air temperature, vapor pressure and relative humidity could explain 16.5%, 9.5%, 18.0%, 15.9% and 7.7% of the deviance, respectively. Among the temperature indexes, the minimum temperature played the most important role. The number of ILI cases peaked when minimum temperature was around -13 °C in winter and 18 °C in summer. The number of cases peaked when the relative humidity was equal to 43% and then began to decrease with the increase of relative humidity. When the humidity exceeded 76%, the number of ILI cases began to rise. Conclusions The present study first analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and ILI cases with special consideration of the length of lag period in Huludao, China. Low air temperature and low relative humidity (cold and dry weather condition) played a considerable role in the epidemic pattern of ILI cases. The trend of ILI activity could be possibly predicted by the variation of meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Long Bai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Sheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Huludao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huludao, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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33
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Parkash N, Beckingham W, Andersson P, Kelly P, Senanayake S, Coatsworth N. Hospital-acquired influenza in an Australian tertiary Centre 2017: a surveillance based study. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:79. [PMID: 30991976 PMCID: PMC6469028 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2017, Australia experienced its highest levels of influenza virus activity since the 2009 pandemic. This allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of patients with community and hospital-acquired influenza, and infection control factors that contributed to influenza spread. Methods A surveillance based study was conducted on hospitalised patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza at the Canberra Hospital during April–October 2017. Differences between the hospital-acquired and community-acquired patient characteristics and outcomes were assessed by univariate analysis. Epidemiologic curves were developed and cluster distribution within the hospital was determined. Results Two hundred and ninety-two patients were included in the study. Twenty-eight (9.6%) acquired influenza in hospital, representing a higher proportion than any of the previous 5 years (range 0.9–5.8%). These patients were more likely to have influenza A (p = 0.021), had higher rates of diabetes (p = 0.015), malignancy (p = 0.046) and chronic liver disease (p = 0.043). Patients acquiring influenza in hospital met clinical criteria for influenza like illness in 25% of cases, compared with 64.4% for community-acquired cases (p < 0.001). Hospital-acquired influenza cases occurred in two distinct clusters. Patients were moved an average of 5 times after diagnosis. Mean length of stay following diagnosis was 13 days compared to 5 days for community-acquired cases (p < 0.001). Of the patients with hospital-acquired influenza, 22 were in shared rooms during their incubation period and 9 were not isolated in single rooms following diagnosis. Treatment was initiated within the recommended 48 h period following symptom onset for 62.5% of hospital-acquired cases compared with 39.8% of community-acquired cases (p = 0.033). Conclusions Our results show that clinical presentation differed between patients with hospital-acquired influenza compared with those who acquired influenza in the community. Cases occurred in two clusters suggesting intra-hospital transmission rather than random importation from the community, highlighting the importance of infection control measures to limit influenza spread. Patients with hospital-acquired influenza may present without classical features of an influenza-like illness and this should promote earlier diagnostic testing and isolation to limit spread. Movement of patients after diagnosis is likely to facilitate spread within the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Parkash
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Wendy Beckingham
- Infection Prevention and Control, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Patiyan Andersson
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paul Kelly
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Population Health and Prevention Division, ACT Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Senanayake
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicholas Coatsworth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Canberra Hospital and Health Services, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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34
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Sanou AS, Dirlikov E, Sondo KA, Kagoné TS, Yameogo I, Sow HE, Adjami AG, Traore SM, Dicko A, Tinto B, Diendere EA, Ouedraogo-Konate SMWK, Kiemtore T, Kangoye DT, Sangare L, Dama ETH, Fuller JA, Major CG, Tosado-Acevedo R, Sharp TM, Koné RG, Bicaba BW. Building Laboratory-Based Arbovirus Sentinel Surveillance Capacity During an Ongoing Dengue Outbreak, Burkina Faso, 2017. Health Secur 2019; 16:S103-S110. [PMID: 30480496 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2018.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In West Africa, identification of nonmalarial acute febrile illness (AFI) etiologic pathogens is challenging, given limited epidemiologic surveillance and laboratory testing, including for AFI caused by arboviruses. Consequently, public health action to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks is constrained, as experienced during dengue outbreaks in several African countries. We describe the successful implementation of laboratory-based arbovirus sentinel surveillance during a dengue outbreak in Burkina Faso during fall 2017. We describe implementation, surveillance methods, and associated costs of enhanced surveillance during an outbreak response as an effort to build capacity to better understand the burden of disease caused by arboviruses in Burkina Faso. The system improved on existing routine surveillance through an improved case report form, systematic testing of specimens, and linking patient information with laboratory results through a data management system. Lessons learned will improve arbovirus surveillance in Burkina Faso and will contribute to enhancing global health security in the region. Elements critical to the success of this intervention include responding to a specific and urgent request by the government of Burkina Faso and building on existing systems and infrastructure already supported by CDC's global health security program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Simeon Sanou
- Anselme Simeon Sanou, MD, is Senior Surveillance Advisor, the Division for Global Health Protection/Burkina Faso Country Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Emilio Dirlikov
- Emilio Dirlikov, PhD, is Emergency Public Health Epidemiologist, Division for Global Health Protection/Emergency Recovery and Response Branch/Global Rapid Response Team, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo
- Kongnimissom Apoline Sondo, MD, is Head of the Service, Service of Infectious Diseases, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thérèse Samdapawindé Kagoné
- Thérèse Samdapawindé Kagoné, PhD, is Head of the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever laboratory, the Laboratoire National de Référence des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales , Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Issaka Yameogo
- Issaka Yameogo, MD, is a Medical Epidemiologist, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hyacinthe Euvrard Sow
- Hyacinthe Euvrard Sow, MD, is a Medical Epidemiologist, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aimé Gilles Adjami
- Aimé Gilles Adjami, PhD, is a Biologist and Executive Director, DAVYCAS International , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Siriky Martin Traore
- Siriky Martin Traore, PharmD, is a Medical Biologist, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amadou Dicko
- Amadou Dicko, DVM, is a Researcher, the Laboratoire National de Référence des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales , Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bachirou Tinto
- Bachirou Tinto, PharmD, is a Researcher, the Laboratoire National de Référence des Fièvres Hémorragiques Virales , Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Eric Arnaud Diendere
- Eric Arnaud Diendere, MD, is Infectiologist, Service of Infectious Diseases, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sonia Marie W K Ouedraogo-Konate
- Sonia Marie W. K. Ouedraogo-Konate, MD, is a Medical Epidemiologist, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tanga Kiemtore
- Tanga Kiemtore, is Data Manager, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Tiga Kangoye
- David Tiga Kangoye, MD, is an Immuno Epidemiologist, Head of the Department of Public Health, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassana Sangare
- Lassana Sangare, PhD, is Virologist, Head of the Department of laboratories, the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Emilie T H Dama
- Emilie T. H. Dama, PhD, is Senior Laboratory Advisor, the Division for Global Health Protection/Burkina Faso Country Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - James A Fuller
- James A. Fuller, PhD, is an Epidemiologist, Division for Global Health Protection/Global Disease Detection Operations Center, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chelsea G Major
- Chelsea G. Major, MPH, is a Public Health Advisor, the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Division of Vector-Borne Diseases/Dengue Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rafael Tosado-Acevedo
- Rafael Tosado-Acevedo, PhD, is a Microbiologist, the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Division of Vector-Borne Diseases/Dengue Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Tyler M Sharp
- Tyler M. Sharp, PhD, is an Epidemiologist, the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Division of Vector-Borne Diseases/Dengue Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rebecca Greco Koné
- Rebecca Greco Koné, MPH, is Country Director, the Division for Global Health Protection/Burkina Faso Country Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Brice Wilfried Bicaba
- Brice Wilfried Bicaba, MD, is Director, the Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Ministère de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Yao YN, Yang SJ, Wang QX, Yu G, Liao Q, Xiao L, Gong YH, Wang K, Zhang SH, Zhai WW, Zhang JX, Wang J, Bian SC, Liu Q. [Data analysis on HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance programs targeting community population in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, 2010-2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 38:1102-1106. [PMID: 28847063 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the epidemiologic and behavioral characteristics of HIV among community population in Liangshan prefecture. Methods: We collected social demographic, behavioral and serological information by means of the monitoring questionnaire and serological tests. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: From April to June of 2010 to 2015, 14 092 cases of community population were selected as the study objects, with 267 cases diagnosed as HIV positive patients. The HIV positive rates were 3.24%, 3.07%, 1.17%, 1.38%,1.42% and 1.25%, respectively. We observed that when community population having the following characteristics as: living in Butuo country (OR=3.83), being males (OR=1.77), being Yi nationality (OR=4.40) being widowed (OR=28.57), with history of drug abuse (OR=3.71) or injecting drug use (PWID) (OR=4.92), or history of needle sharing among PWID (OR=8.53), were under higher risks for HIV infection. With histories as: having had secondary or above levels of schooling (OR=0.59), having protected sex with regular partners (OR=0.21) and with non-regular partners (OR=0.46), they seemed to be somehow protected for getting HIV infection. Conclusion: The positive HIV rates of HIV among community population in Dechang, Ningnan and Butuo varied from 0.10% to 8.77% while the HIV transmission among general population remained challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Yao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S J Yang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q X Wang
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - G Yu
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Q Liao
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - L Xiao
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Y H Gong
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - K Wang
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - S H Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W W Zhai
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J X Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wang
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - S C Bian
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Q Liu
- Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xichang 615000, China
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Ding GW, Ye SD, Hei FX, Lian QL, Pei XD, Bai JY, Zhou D, Yang Q, Hui S, Wang W, Tu AX, Pang L. [ Sentinel surveillance for viral hepatitis C in China, 2016-2017]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:41-45. [PMID: 30669729 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 5 populations in China during 2016-2017 and provide evidence for the estimation of prevalence trend of hepatitis C and evaluation on the prevention and control effect. Methods: A total of 87 national sentinel surveillance sites for hepatitis C were set up in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China to obtain the information about HCV infection prevalence in 5 populations, including volunteer blood donors, people receiving physical examination, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, patients receiving hemodialysis, and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics. From April to June, 2016 and 2017, cross-sectional surveys were repeatedly conducted in the 5 populations and blood samples were collected from them for HCV antibody detection. Results: In 2016, 86 sentinel sites completed the surveillance (one sentinel site was not investigated), and 115 841 persons were surveyed. The overall HCV positive rate was 0.38% (442/115 841, 95%CI: 0.23%-0.53%). In 2017, all the 87 sentinel sites completed the surveillance, and 120 486 persons were surveyed. The overall HCV positive rate was 0.37% (449/120 486, 95%CI: 0.23%-0.52%). In 2016 and 2017, the anti-HCV positive rates were 4.46% (223/5 005, 95%CI: 2.18%-6.73%) and 4.39% (216/4 919, 95%CI: 2.29%-6.50%) respectively in hemodialysis patients, 0.85% (44/5 200, 95%CI: 0.27%-1.42%) and 0.70% (36/5 150, 95%CI: 0.15%-1.24%) respectively in patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment and remained to be ≤0.25% in volunteer blood donors, people receiving physical examination and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics. Results for the comparison of the anti-HCV positive rates in the 5 populations indicated that the differences were significant (F=23.091, P<0.001 in 2016 and F=20.181, P<0.001 in 2017). Conclusions: Data from the sentinel surveillance of HCV infection on prevalence in China showed that the anti-HCV positive rates varied in the 5 populations during 2016-2017. The anti-HCV positive rate appeared the highest in the hemodialysis patients, followed by that in the patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, and the prevalence of HCV infection in other 3 populations were at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Ding
- Division of HCV and STD Prevention and Treatment, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - S D Ye
- Division of HCV and STD Prevention and Treatment, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - F X Hei
- Division of HCV and STD Prevention and Treatment, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Q L Lian
- Department of High Risk Population Intervention, Institute of AIDS/STD Prevention and Treatment, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - X D Pei
- Surveillance Department, Institute of STD/AIDS Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Y Bai
- Epidemiology Department, Division of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - D Zhou
- Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China
| | - Q Yang
- Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - S Hui
- Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China
| | - W Wang
- Institute of AIDS/STD Prevention and Treatment, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - A X Tu
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - L Pang
- Division of HCV and STD Prevention and Treatment, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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37
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Lin XJ, Liu GF, Wang M, Tao ZX, Wang ST, Song LZ, Zhang L, Xu AQ. [Etiologic surveillance and analysis of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Jinan city in 2013-2016]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:174-178. [PMID: 30744292 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of the acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Methods: The epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from 3 577 AMES cases in 6 sentinel hospitals in Jinan city in 2013-2016. Samples of all cases were made sero-diagnosis for Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and negative cases of JEV for enterovirus (EV), mumps virus (MuV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus isolation and molecular identification were performed. Positive rates were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: In 2013-2016, the positive rates of JEV, EV, MuV and HSV were 9.0% (322/3 577 cases), 22.1% (643/2 916 cases), 9.9% (289/2 916 cases), 26.9% (783/2 916), respectively. Of these, the positive rates of JEV were 32.9% (261/794), 1.2% (14/1 175), 1.0% (8/807) and 4.9% (39/801 cases); EV: 19.5% (91/466), 35.1% (342/974 cases), 15.5% (115/743) and 13.0% (95/733); MuV: 9.2% (43/466), 14.4% (140/974), 9.0% (67/743) and 5.3% (39/733). HSV: 35.4% (165/466), 38.5% (375/974), 25.7% (191/743) and 7.1% (52/733). There were significant differences in positive rates of 4 kinds of viruses in 2013-2016 (P<0.001). A total of 81 EV strains belonging to 8 serotypes were isolated from 1 020 CSF specimens. The positive rates were 4.8% (6 cases), 13.1% (55 cases), 4.1% (7 cases) and 4.2% (13 cases) from 2013 to 2016. Coxsackievirus (CV) B5, echovirus (E) 6 and E30 accounted for 46% (37 isolates), 22% (18 isolates) and 21% (17 isolates) of all strains. Conclusion: The AMES cases in Jinan city in 2013-2016 were mainly caused by HSV, EV, MuV, JEV. CVB5, E6 and E30 were the dominant serotypes of EV associated with AMES cases in Jinan city.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Lin
- Division of Expanded Immunization Program, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
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Zhang Y, Li MS, Liu GF, Song LZ, Zhang L, Xu AQ. [Analysis of common pathogens and epidemiological characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis cases in Shandong Province]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 53:179-84. [PMID: 30744293 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze epidemiological characteristics of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) cases and the common pathogens infected in Jinan, Shandong Province. Methods: Epidemiological and clinical informations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens of acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (AMES) cases (total 3 918 cases) were collected in the six sentinel hospitals from 2013 to 2016. neisseria meningitidis (Nm), streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) and haemophilus influenza (Hi) were detected by the methods of real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), bacterial culture and latex agglutination. χ(2) test was used to compare ABM cases with different feasures, and compare the difference of Nm, Sp and Hi cases in clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Results: A total of 479 cases were diagnosed as ABM from 2013 to 2016, 82 cases of which were laboratory confirmed, including 54 cases infected with Nm, 25 cases infected with Sp, and 3 cases infected with Hi. The disease course in different age groups of ABM cases has statistically difference (χ(2)=40.95, P<0.001). The disease course of under 6 (63.6%, 161/253) and 7 to 17 (55.9%, 33/59) years old ABM cases mainly required 14-28 days, and over 18 years old cases mainly required less than 14 days (59.9%, 100/167). For Nm cases, there was a main onset period from October to March (75.9%, 41/54); on the disease course, under 6 (81.0%, 17/21) and 7 to 17 (16/18) years old cases mainly required less than 14 days, while over 18 years old cases mainly required 14-28 days (8/15), and there was a statistically difference in different age groups (χ(2)=8.44, P=0.015). For Sp cases, the major onset period was from December to May (84.0%, 21/25); on the disease course, all of under 6 and 7 to 17 years old cases were required 14-28 days, while over 18 years old cases mainly required less than 14 days (9/17), and there was a statistically difference in different age groups (χ(2)=6.62, P=0.037). 91.0% of the ABM cases (436/479) were healed or improvement, with the relatively higher ratio in under 6 (94.9%, 240/253) and 7 to 17 (98.3%, 58/59) years old groups, and poorer ratio in over 18 years old group (82.6%, 138/167), and the difference was significant in different age groups (χ(2)=22.77, P<0.001). For Nm, Sp and Hi cases, the ratio of cases that were healed or improvement were 87.0% (47/54), 92.0% (23/25) and 3/3, respectively, and there were no death cases. Conclusion: ABM cases were found mostly in under 18 years old group in Jinan, Shandong Province, and the bigger age group had poor prognosis. Nm was the major pathogen causing ABM, followed by Sp and Hi. Distinguished differences of epidemiological characteristics were found on ABM cases suffered with different pathogens infected.
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Abstract
Influenza is a very important respiratory infectious disease that causes seasonal epidemics and pandemics. A well-organized surveillance system is necessary to monitor and respond effectively to the epidemiologic features of influenza. Korea currently operates a national influenza surveillance system based on the clinical sentinel surveillance system, laboratory sentinel surveillance system, and hospitalization and mortality surveillance system. However, there is a need for a better national surveillance system due to a demand for various pieces of information related to influenza. This article discusses the general aspects of influenza surveillance systems and the future direction of the national influenza surveillance system of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Diouf O, Gueye-Gaye A, Sarr M, Mbengue AS, Murrill CS, Dee J, Diaw PO, Ngom-Faye NF, Diallo PAN, Suarez C, Gueye M, Mboup A, Toure-Kane C, Mboup S. Evaluation of Senegal's prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program data for HIV surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:588. [PMID: 30453945 PMCID: PMC6245718 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the expansion of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services in Senegal, there is growing interest in using PMTCT program data in lieu of conducting unlinked anonymous testing (UAT)-based ANC Sentinel Surveillance. For this reason, an evaluation was conducted in 2011–2012 to identify the gaps that need to be addressed while transitioning to using PMTCT program data for surveillance. Methods We conducted analyses to assess HIV prevalence rates and agreements between Sentinel Surveillance and PMTCT HIV test results. Also, a data quality assessment of the PMTCT program registers and data was conducted during the Sentinel Surveillance period (December 2011 to March 2012) and 3 months prior. Finally, we also assessed selection bias, which was the percentage difference from the HIV prevalence among all women enrolled in the antenatal clinic and the HIV prevalence among women who accepted PMTCT HIV testing. Results The median site HIV prevalence using routine PMTCT HIV testing data was 1.1% (IQR: 1.0) while the median site prevalence from the UAT HIV Sentinel Surveillance data was at 1.0% (IQR: 1.6). The Positive per cent agreement (PPA) of the PMTCT HIV test results compared to those of the Sentinel Surveillance was 85.1% (95% CI 77.2–90.7%), and the percent-negative agreement (PNA) was 99.9% (95% CI 99.8–99.9%). The overall HIV prevalence according to UAT was the same as that found for women accepting a PMTCT HIV test and those who refused, with percent bias at 0.00%. For several key PMTCT variables, including “HIV test offered” (85.2%), “HIV test acceptance” (78.0%), or “HIV test done” (58.8%), the proportion of records in registers with combined complete and valid data was below the WHO benchmark of 90%. Conclusions The PPA of 85.1 was below the WHO benchmarks of 96.6%, while the combined data validity and completeness rates was below the WHO benchmark of 90% for many key PMTCT variables. These results suggested that Senegal will need to reinforce the quality of onsite HIV testing and improve program data collection practices in preparation for using PMTCT data for surveillance purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousmane Diouf
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | - Astou Gueye-Gaye
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | - Moussa Sarr
- Westat, 1600 Research Blvd, WB 258, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Abdou Salam Mbengue
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | | | - Jacob Dee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, USA
| | - Papa Ousmane Diaw
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | | | | | - Carlos Suarez
- Westat, 1600 Research Blvd, WB 258, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Massaer Gueye
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | - Aminata Mboup
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
| | - Coumba Toure-Kane
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.,Present Address: IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations, Arrondissement 4 Rue 2 D1, Pole Urbain de Diamniado, 7325, Dakar, BP, Senegal
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Cheng W, Xu H, Zhong F, Pan S, Tucker JD, Weir S, Zhao J, Tang W. Can HIV service data be used for surveillance purposes?: a case study in Guangzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1268. [PMID: 30453934 PMCID: PMC6245699 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely monitoring HIV epidemic among key populations is a formidable challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between data collected from an enhanced HIV sentinel surveillance (HSS+) and an HIV service, and to discuss whether testing service data can be used for surveillance purposes. METHODS The HSS+ data were collected from HIV sentinel surveillance conducted annually among men who have sex with men (MSM) between 2009 and 2013 in Guangzhou, China. The HIV service data were obtained from the China-Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Cooperation Program on HIV Prevention and Care (China-Gates HIV Program) in Guangzhou during the same period. The China-Gates HIV Program aimed to increase HIV counseling and testing among MSM. We compared demographic characteristics, condom use, HIV testing history, and the HIV status among individuals in these two datasets. The Armitage-trend test was used to evaluate the HIV epidemic and behaviors of the participants in the two datasets over the study period. RESULTS Overall, a total of 2224 and 5311 MSM were included in the surveillance and service datasets, respectively. The majority of participants in the two datasets were between 20 and 29 years old, at least attended college, and had never been married. However, socio-demographic characteristics varied slightly between the two datasets. Similar trends were observed for the HIV epidemic in these two datasets. The surveillance dataset indicated that HIV prevalence increased from 3.9% in 2009 to 11.4% in 2013 (P-value for trend < 0.001), while data from the HIV service dataset indicated that MSM HIV prevalence during this same period increased from 6.2 to 8.9% (P-value for trend = 0.025). The rates of condom use were similar between the two datasets and remained consistent throughout the study period. CONCLUSION HIV service data can complement existing HIV surveillance systems for MSM in China, though it may underestimate the HIV prevalence (HSS+ data contains people whose status is already know, while service data contains people who were initially negative or people of unknown status). HIV service data can be used for surveillance purposes, when prerequisite variables are collected from a large number people, if the quality assessment is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Department of AIDS Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Pan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sharon Weir
- School of Medicine of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jinkou Zhao
- Technical Advice and Partnership Department, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CH 1214, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Weiming Tang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,University of North Carolina Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES As part of the 2014-2019 cancer plan and in order to improve our knowledge of work-related cancers, we analysed the work-related laryngeal cancer risk situations identified in the French national occupational disease surveillance and prevention network (rnv3p) from 2001 to 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study focused on cases of work-related laryngeal cancer, which the expert physician considered to be directly related to exposure (intermediate or strong causal relationship). Demographic data, occupational exposure circumstances (hazards, occupation, business sector), non-occupational risk factors and the occupational physician's opinion concerning notification as an occupational disease were analysed. RESULTS Two hundred forty-four cases of laryngeal cancer were registered between 2001 and 2016. One hundred and forty seven cases were considered to be work-related, with an intermediate or strong causal relationship in 87 cases. This exclusively male population had a median age of 59 years. Ninety-seven different forms of exposure were identified, including asbestos in 78 cases. The main business sectors concerned were specialized construction (14 cases) and metallurgy (7 cases). Occupational disease notification was recommended in 60 patients, corresponding to asbestos exposure in 80% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Asbestos is the laryngeal cancer risk factor most commonly reported in the network from 2001 to 2016. This study confirms the role of asbestos in laryngeal carcinogenesis. Laryngeal cancer may therefore need to be compensated as an occupational disease in France, as in other European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grignoux
- Service de santé au travail et maladies liées à l'environnement, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex 2, France.
| | - Q Durand-Moreau
- Service de santé au travail et maladies liées à l'environnement, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex 2, France; LABERS, EA 3149, université de Bretagne occidentale, 22, avenue Camille-Desmoulins, CS 93837, 29238 Brest cedex 3, France
| | - N Vongmany
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), 14, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - S Brunel
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), 14, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J-D Dewitte
- Service de santé au travail et maladies liées à l'environnement, CHRU Morvan, 2, avenue Foch, 29609 Brest cedex 2, France; LABERS, EA 3149, université de Bretagne occidentale, 22, avenue Camille-Desmoulins, CS 93837, 29238 Brest cedex 3, France
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Andersen NS, Larsen SL, Olesen CR, Stiasny K, Kolmos HJ, Jensen PM, Skarphédinsson S. Continued expansion of tick-borne pathogens: Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Denmark. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:115-123. [PMID: 30245088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a tick-transmitted flavivirus within the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex. The TBE complex is represented by both TBEV and louping ill virus (LIV) in Denmark. Anaplasma phagocytophilum is also transmitted by ticks and is believed to play an essential role in facilitating and aggravating LIV infection in sheep. This study aimed to describe the distribution of TBE complex viruses in Denmark, to establish the possible emergence of new foci and their association with the distribution of A. phagocytophilum. We performed a nationwide seroprevalence study of TBE complex viruses using roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) as sentinels and determined the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in roe deer. Danish hunters obtained blood samples from roe deer during the hunting season of 2013-14. The samples were examined for TBEV-specific antibodies by virus neutralization tests (NT). A. phagocytophilum infection was assessed by specific real-time-PCR. The overall seroprevalence of the TBE complex viruses in roe deer was 6.9% (51/736). The positive samples were primarily obtained from a known TBE endemic foci and risk areas identified in previous sentinel studies. However, new TBE complex risk areas were also identified. The overall prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was 94.0% (173 PCR-positive of 184 roe deer), which is twice the rate observed ten years ago. These results point to an expansion of these tick-borne diseases geographically and within reservoir populations and, therefore, rationalize the use of sentinel models to monitor changes in transmission of tick-borne diseases and development of new risk areas. We found no association between TBE complex-positive roe deer and the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum, as almost all roe deer were infected. Based on our findings we encourage health care providers to be attentive to tick-borne illnesses such as TBE when treating patients with compatible symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Skaarup Andersen
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløvsvej 21.2, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Sanne Løkkegaard Larsen
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløvsvej 21.2, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | | | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans Jørn Kolmos
- Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløvsvej 21.2, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Per Moestrup Jensen
- Department of Plant- and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sigurdur Skarphédinsson
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Infectious diseases, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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Morino S, Tanaka-Taya K, Satoh H, Arai S, Takahashi T, Sunagawa T, Oishi K. Descriptive epidemiology of varicella based on national surveillance data before and after the introduction of routine varicella vaccination with two doses in Japan, 2000-2017. Vaccine 2018; 36:5977-5982. [PMID: 30166199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Routine childhood immunization using two doses of the varicella vaccine was introduced in Japan in October 2014. In this study, we analyzed the data extracted from national varicella surveillance, including pediatric sentinel surveillance from 2000 to 2017 and hospitalized varicella surveillance from the 38th week of 2014 to the 37th week of 2017. Compared with the 2000-2011 baseline data, the number of varicella cases per sentinel decreased substantially by 76.6% overall and by 88.2% among children aged 1-4 years in 2017. Of 997 hospitalized patients, we found a decreasing trend in the number of cases among children aged <5 years. We also found a decreasing trend in the number of cases with complications among children aged 1-4 years. Data on the self-reported transmission sites in 35.5% (354/997) of the hospitalized varicella patients showed that transmission of varicella zoster virus (VZV) occurred frequently in household, at school for young children, in the workplace for adults, and at hospital for all age groups. Data from 29.0% (289/997) of the hospitalized patients with a self-reported source of infection showed that transmission of VZV occurred from a patient with herpes zoster (HZ) in 30.4% (88/289) of cases. Our data demonstrate a substantial decrease in the number of varicella cases in young children following introduction of routine childhood vaccination program with two-dose varicella vaccination in Japan. These data highlight the unique aspects of transmission sites across age groups and the important role of HZ cases in disease circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Morino
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Arai
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takuri Takahashi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tomimasa Sunagawa
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Girond F, Madec Y, Kesteman T, Randrianarivelojosia M, Randremanana R, Randriamampionona L, Randrianasolo L, Ratsitorahina M, Herbreteau V, Hedje J, Rogier C, Piola P. Evaluating Effectiveness of Mass and Continuous Long-lasting Insecticidal Net Distributions Over Time in Madagascar: A Sentinel Surveillance Based Epidemiological Study. EClinicalMedicine 2018; 1:62-69. [PMID: 30294720 PMCID: PMC6169794 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reduction of global malaria burden over the past 15 years is much attributed to the expansion of mass distribution campaigns (MDCs) of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN). In Madagascar, two LUN MDCs were implemented and one district also benefited from a community-based continuous distribution (CB-CD). Malaria incidence dropped but eventually rebounded after a decade. METHODS Data from a sentinel surveillance network over the 2009-2015 period was analyzed. Alerts were defined as w eekly number o f malaria cases exceeding the 90th percentile value for three consecutive weeks. Statistical analyses assessed the temporal relationship between LLIN MDCs and (i) number of malaria cases and (ii) malaria alerts detected, and (iii) the effect of a combination of MDCs and a CB-CD in Toamasina District. FINDINGS Analyses showed an increase of 13.6 points and 21.4 points in the percentile value of weekly malaria cases during the second and the third year following the MDC of LLINs respectively. The percentage of alert-free sentinel sites was 98.2% during the first year after LLIN MDC, 56.7% during the second year and 31.5% during the third year. The number of weekly malaria cases decreased by 14% during the CB-CD in Toamasina District. In contrast, sites without continuous distribution had a 12% increase of malaria cases. INTERPRETATION These findings support the malaria-preventive effectiveness of MDCs in Madagascar but highlight their limited duration when not followed by continuous distribution. The resulting policy implications are crucial to sustain reductions in malaria burden in high transmission settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Girond
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV (IRD, UAG, UM, UR), Station SEAS-OI, 40 avenue de Soweto, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
- Elimination 8 (E8), Windhoek, Namibia
- Corresponding author at: 175 CD 26, L'Entre-Deux 97414, Ile de la Réunion, France.
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Kesteman
- Unité de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- Fondation Mérieux, 17 rue Bourgelat, 69002 Lyon, France
| | | | - Rindra Randremanana
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Lea Randriamampionona
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- Direction de Veille Sanitaire et de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministry of Health, Madagascar
| | - Laurence Randrianasolo
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Maherisoa Ratsitorahina
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- Direction de Veille Sanitaire et de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministry of Health, Madagascar
| | - Vincent Herbreteau
- UMR 228 ESPACE-DEV (IRD, UAG, UM, UR), Station SEAS-OI, 40 avenue de Soweto, 97410 Saint Pierre, France
| | - Judith Hedje
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE) - UMR 6236, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Institute for Biomedical Research of the French Armed Forces (IRBA), BP 73, 91223 Brétigny Sur Orge Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Piola
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274 Avaradoha, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh
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46
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Hasan AZ, Saha S, Saha SK, Sahakyan G, Grigoryan S, Mwenda JM, Antonio M, Knoll MD, Serhan F, Cohen AL. Using pneumococcal and rotavirus surveillance in vaccine decision-making: A series of case studies in Bangladesh, Armenia and the Gambia. Vaccine 2018; 36:4939-4943. [PMID: 30037484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia and diarrhea are the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality globally and are vaccine preventable. The WHO-coordinated Global Rotavirus and Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Networks support surveillance systems across WHO regions to provide burden of disease data for countries to make evidence-based decisions about introducing vaccines and to demonstrate the impact of vaccines on disease burden. These surveillance networks help fill the gaps in data in low and middle-income countries where disease burden and risk are high but support to sustain surveillance activities and generate data is low. Through a series of country case studies, this paper reviews the successful use of surveillance data for disease caused by pneumococcus and rotavirus in informing national vaccine policy in Bangladesh, Armenia and The Gambia. The case studies delve into ways in which countries are leveraging and building capacity in existing surveillance infrastructure to monitor other diseases of concern in the country. Local institutions have been identified to play a critical role in making surveillance data available to policymakers. We recommend that countries review local or regional surveillance data in making vaccine policy decisions. Documenting use of surveillance activities can be used as advocacy tools to convince governments and external funders to invest in surveillance and make it a priority immunization activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvira Z Hasan
- Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Senjuti Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samir K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gayane Sahakyan
- National Immunization Program, Armenia National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Armenia & Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Svetlana Grigoryan
- National Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Armenia Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia & Immunization and Epidemiology of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jason M Mwenda
- The World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Martin Antonio
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Maria D Knoll
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fatima Serhan
- Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adam L Cohen
- Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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47
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Guo W, Meng XJ, Li DM, Cai Y, Fan JX, Huang B. [Results of sentinel surveillance on men who have sex with men in Jilin province between 2010 and 2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2018; 38:1655-1659. [PMID: 29294582 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the HIV epidemic and related factors among MSM in Jilin province. Methods: During the implementation of sentinel surveillance program from 2010 to 2015, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted to monitor the awareness of AIDS, sexual behavior, HIV and syphilis positive rates, with the sample size no less than 400 in each surveillance site. Results: From 2010 to 2015, a total of 7 823 MSM were involved in this study. The overall HIV prevalence among MSM was 5.4% (42/7 823), with an increasing trend during 2010 and 2015 (Trend test χ(2)=110.023, P<0.001). The rates of awareness on AIDS were higher than 90.0%. The proportion of consistent condom use was 27.0% (2 112/7 823) in the last 6 months, and significant differences were found in these years (χ(2)=234.038, P<0.001). Results from multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HIV infection related risk factors among MSM in Jilin province would include: residency from other provinces (aOR=1.797, 95%CI: 1.185-2.726), recruitment through internet (aOR=1.717, 95%CI: 1.332-2.215), diagnosed of having sexually transmitted diseases in the previous year (aOR=1.893, 95%CI: 1.356-2.643) and positive testing on syphilis (aOR=4.309, 95%CI: 3.097-5.995). And consistent condom uses in the last 6 months (aOR=0.387, 95%CI: 0.143-0.557), tested HIV in the last year (aOR=0.632, 95%CI: 0.375-0.891) were preventive factors. Conclusions: HIV prevalence was increasing among MSM in Jilin province, but both the proportion of consistent condom use and the former HIV testing rate were at a low level. Aggressive measurement including consistent condom use and periodical HIV testing among MSM was warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - X J Meng
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 210423, China
| | - D M Li
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Cai
- Jilin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jilin 132001, China
| | - J X Fan
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
| | - B Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun 130062, China
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48
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Yu J, Xie Z, Zhang T, Lu Y, Fan H, Yang D, Bénet T, Vanhems P, Shen K, Huang F, Han J, Li T, Gao Z, Ren L, Wang J. Comparison of the prevalence of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory infections at different hospital settings in North China, 2012-2015. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 29422011 PMCID: PMC5806372 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-2982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a great public health challenge globally. The prevalence of respiratory viruses in patients with ARIs attending at different hospital settings is fully undetermined. METHODS Laboratory-based surveillance for ARIs was conducted at inpatient and outpatient settings of 11 hospitals in North China. The first 2-5 patients with ARIs were recruited in each hospital weekly from 2012 through 2015. The presence of respiratory viruses was screened by PCR assays. The prevalence of respiratory viruses was determined and compared between patients at different hospital settings. RESULTS A total of 3487 hospitalized cases and 6437 outpatients/Emergency Department (ED) patients were enrolled. The most commonly detected viruses in the hospitalized cases were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 33.3%) in children less than two years old, adenoviruses (13.0%) in patients 15-34 years old, and influenza viruses (IFVs, 9.6%) in patients ≥65 years. IFVs were the most common virus in outpatient/ED patients across all age groups (22.7%). After controlling for the confounders caused by other viruses and covariates, adenoviruses (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.97, 99% confidence interval [99% CI]: 2.19-7.20) and RSV (aOR: 2.04, 99% CI: 1.34-3.11) were independently associated with increased hospitalization in children, as well as adenoviruses in adults (aOR: 2.14, 99% CI: 1.19-3.85). Additionally, co-infection of RSV with IFVs was associated with increased hospitalization in children (aOR: 12.20, 99% CI: 2.65-56.18). CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of ARIs was associated with respiratory viruses in North China. RSV, adenoviruses, and co-infection of RSV and IFVs were more frequent in hospitalized children (or adenoviruses in adults), which might predict the severity of ARIs. Attending clinicians should be more vigilant of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Yu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiegang Zhang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16, Hepingli Middle Avenue of Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Bénet
- Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire des Pathogènes Emergents - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire des Pathogènes Emergents - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007, Lyon, France.,INSERM, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Lyon Collaborative Center, Lyon, France
| | - Kunling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children and National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 56 Nan-li-shi Road, Beijing, 100045, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.16, Hepingli Middle Avenue of Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, People's Republic of China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Bouzillé G, Poirier C, Campillo-Gimenez B, Aubert ML, Chabot M, Chazard E, Lavenu A, Cuggia M. Leveraging hospital big data to monitor flu epidemics. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2018; 154:153-160. [PMID: 29249339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Influenza epidemics are a major public health concern and require a costly and time-consuming surveillance system at different geographical scales. The main challenge is being able to predict epidemics. Besides traditional surveillance systems, such as the French Sentinel network, several studies proposed prediction models based on internet-user activity. Here, we assessed the potential of hospital big data to monitor influenza epidemics. METHODS We used the clinical data warehouse of the Academic Hospital of Rennes (France) and then built different queries to retrieve relevant information from electronic health records to gather weekly influenza-like illness activity. RESULTS We found that the query most highly correlated with Sentinel network estimates was based on emergency reports concerning discharged patients with a final diagnosis of influenza (Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.931). The other tested queries were based on structured data (ICD-10 codes of influenza in Diagnosis-related Groups, and influenza PCR tests) and performed best (PCC of 0.981 and 0.953, respectively) during the flu season 2014-15. This suggests that both ICD-10 codes and PCR results are associated with severe epidemics. Finally, our approach allowed us to obtain additional patients' characteristics, such as the sex ratio or age groups, comparable with those from the Sentinel network. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Hospital big data seem to have a great potential for monitoring influenza epidemics in near real-time. Such a method could constitute a complementary tool to standard surveillance systems by providing additional characteristics on the concerned population or by providing information earlier. This system could also be easily extended to other diseases with possible activity changes. Additional work is needed to assess the real efficacy of predictive models based on hospital big data to predict flu epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bouzillé
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, F-35000, France; CHU Rennes, CIC Inserm 1414, Rennes, F-35000, France; CHU Rennes, Centre de Données Cliniques, Rennes, F-35000, France.
| | - Canelle Poirier
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 2, IRMAR, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Boris Campillo-Gimenez
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Chazard
- Département de Santé Publique, Université de Lille EA 2694, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Audrey Lavenu
- CHU Rennes, CIC Inserm 1414, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Marc Cuggia
- INSERM, U1099, Rennes, F-35000, France; Université de Rennes 1, LTSI, Rennes, F-35000, France; CHU Rennes, CIC Inserm 1414, Rennes, F-35000, France; CHU Rennes, Centre de Données Cliniques, Rennes, F-35000, France
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50
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García Comas L, Latasa Zamalloa P, Alemán Vega G, Ordobás Gavín M, Arce Arnáez A, Rodero Garduño I, Estirado Gómez A, Marisquerena EI. [Decrease in the incidence of chickenpox in the Community of Madrid after universal childhood immunization. Years 2001-2015]. Aten Primaria 2018; 50:53-59. [PMID: 28433331 PMCID: PMC6837086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Varicella vaccine was recommended in the Community of Madrid (CM) at 15months of age between November 2006 and December 2013. The objective was to describe the impact of vaccination on the incidence of varicella in the CM during the period 2001-2015. DESIGN A descriptive study of cases of varicella reported to the Sentinel Physician Network of the CM and the cases recorded in the Minimum Basic Data Set at hospital discharge was carried out. Total incidence of cases and of hospital admissions were calculated, as well as specific incidence by age and sex. RESULTS The incidence was 94.0% lower between 2012 and 2013 than between 2001 and 2003. Between 2014 and 2015 the incidence was 61.8% higher than between 2012 and 2013. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 0 to 4years except for 2010-2014, which was exceeded by the incidence in children aged 5 to 9. The trend in hospital admissions was also decreasing, with the highest incidence in children aged 0 to 1year, followed by 1-4years. CONCLUSIONS There has been a significant decrease in the incidence of cases and of hospital admissions by varicella in all age groups after the recommendation to vaccinate at 15months of age, which is compatible with the effectiveness of a dose and its ability to produce immunity group. The withdrawal of this recommendation between 2014 and 2015 has led to an increase in the incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García Comas
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Pello Latasa Zamalloa
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Guadalupe Alemán Vega
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - María Ordobás Gavín
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Araceli Arce Arnáez
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Inmaculada Rodero Garduño
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Alicia Estirado Gómez
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Ester Insúa Marisquerena
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Epidemiología, Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, España
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