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Reyneke B, Ndlovu T, Vincent MB, Martínez-García A, Polo-López MI, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Ferrero G, Khan S, McGuigan KG, Khan W. Validation of large-volume batch solar reactors for the treatment of rainwater in field trials in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137223. [PMID: 32062239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of two large-volume batch solar reactors [Prototype I (140 L) and II (88 L)] in treating rainwater on-site in a local informal settlement and farming community was assessed. Untreated [Tank 1 and Tank 2-(First-flush)] and treated (Prototype I and II) tank water samples were routinely collected from each site and all the measured physico-chemical parameters (e.g. pH and turbidity, amongst others), anions (e.g. sulphate and chloride, amongst others) and cations (e.g. iron and lead, amongst others) were within national and international drinking water guidelines limits. Culture-based analysis indicated that Escherichia coli, total and faecal coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria counts exceeded drinking water guideline limits in 61%, 100%, 45%, 24% and 100% of the untreated tank water samples collected from both sites. However, an 8 hour solar exposure treatment for both solar reactors was sufficient to reduce these indicator organisms to within national and international drinking water standards, with the exception of the heterotrophic bacteria which exceeded the drinking water standard limit in 43% of the samples treated with the Prototype I reactor (1 log reduction). Molecular viability analysis subsequently indicated that mean overall reductions of 75% and 74% were obtained for the analysed indicator organisms (E. coli and enterococci spp.) and opportunistic pathogens (Klebsiella spp., Legionella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts) in the Prototype I and II solar reactors, respectively. The large-volume batch solar reactor prototypes could thus effectively provide four (88 L Prototype II) to seven (144 L Prototype I) people on a daily basis with the basic water requirement for human activities (20 L). Additionally, a generic Water Safety Plan was developed to aid practitioners in identifying risks and implement remedial actions in this type of installation in order to ensure the safety of the treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - T Ndlovu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - M B Vincent
- Ecosystem Environmental Services S.A., Sant Andreu de Llavaneres, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Martínez-García
- Plataforma Solar de Almeria-CIEMAT, P.O. Box 22, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - M I Polo-López
- Plataforma Solar de Almeria-CIEMAT, P.O. Box 22, Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - P Fernández-Ibáñez
- Plataforma Solar de Almeria-CIEMAT, P.O. Box 22, Tabernas, Almería, Spain; Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, School of Engineering, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - G Ferrero
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611, AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - S Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - K G McGuigan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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Zapater JL, Khan W, Layden BT. MON-642 Genetic Knockout of Intestinal Hexokinase Domain-Containing Protein 1 Affects Whole-Body Glycemic Control and Triglyceride Metabolism. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7207707 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinase domain-containing protein 1 (HKDC1) is a recently discovered putative fifth hexokinase that is widely expressed in a variety of human and mouse tissues. Previous work indicate that HKDC1 is important for whole-body glucose homeostasis and utilization in pregnancy and aging, and suggest roles for HKDC1 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Prior work in the lab further showed that global heterozygous-deleted HKDC1 mice exhibit blunted uptake of triglycerides following an olive oil bolus compared to wild-type mice, suggesting a role for intestinal HKDC1 expression in intestinal lipid metabolism (unpublished results). To specifically study the significance of intestinal HKDC1 on whole-body glucose and lipid homeostasis, we utilized Cre-mediated recombination of HKDC1 in which Cre was expressed under the control of the villin gene promoter, creating a mouse model in which HKDC1 expression is specifically deleted in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative RT-PCR data confirmed the knockout of HKDC1 within the mouse intestine in young and aged mice, while HKDC1 expression in other tissues was comparable to wild-type mice. Next, intestinal HKDC1 knockout mice and their wild-type littermate controls were either maintained on a normal diet or were switched to a high fat diet at 6 weeks of age to simulate the state of impaired glucose tolerance, and the effects of intestinal HKDC1 on glucose and lipid homeostasis were analyzed between 28-34 weeks of age. Mice fed a normal diet did not exhibit any differences in serum glucose or triglyceride during oral/intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests or oral olive oil bolus, respectively, regardless of intestinal HKDC1 status. Interestingly, mice lacking intestinal HKDC1 that were on a high fat diet demonstrated improved overall glycemic control compared to wild-type mice after the administration of an oral glucose load, all while there were no changes in insulin levels, gluconeogenesis or insulin tolerance related to HKDC1 status. Additionally, introduction of an intraperitoneal glucose load to mice fed a high fat diet did not alter glucose control in the presence or absence of intestinal HKDC1. However, high fat diet-fed mice lacking intestinal HKDC1 did not have a significant increase in serum triglyceride following an oral olive oil bolus, while their stool fat and triglyceride content were comparable to wild-type. Collectively, these data indicate that intestinal HKDC1 has important roles in glucose and triglyceride metabolism within the intestinal epithelium, and further suggest a role in whole-body glucose homeostasis and in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasim Khan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Khan W, Egorova N, Khlif MS, Mito R, Dhollander T, Brodtmann A. Three-tissue compositional analysis reveals in-vivo microstructural heterogeneity of white matter hyperintensities following stroke. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116869. [PMID: 32334092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are frequently observed on brain scans of older individuals and are associated with cognitive impairment and vascular brain burden. Recent studies have shown that WMHs may only represent an extreme end of a diffuse pathological spectrum of white matter (WM) degeneration. The present study investigated the microstructural characteristics of WMHs using an advanced diffusion MRI modelling approach known as Single-Shell 3-Tissue Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (SS3T-CSD), which provides information on different tissue compartments within each voxel. The SS3T-CSD method may provide complementary information in the interpretation of pathological tissue through the tissue-specific microstructural compositions of WMHs. Data were obtained from stroke patients enrolled in the Cognition and Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study, a study examining brain volume and cognition after stroke. WMHs were segmented using an automated method, based on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Automated tissue segmentation was used to identify normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). WMHs were classified into juxtaventricular, periventricular and deep lesions, based on their distance from the ventricles (3-10 mm). We aimed to compare in stroke participants the microstructural composition of the different lesion classes of WMHs and compositions of NAWM to assess the in-vivo heterogeneity of these lesions. Results showed that the 3-tissue composition significantly differed between WMHs classes and NAWM. Specifically, the 3-tissue compositions for juxtaventricular and periventricular WMHs both exhibited a relatively greater fluid-like (free water) content, which is compatible with a presence of interstitial fluid accumulation, when compared to deep WMHs. These findings provide evidence of microstructural heterogeneity of WMHs in-vivo and may support new insights for understanding the role of WMH development in vascular neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK.
| | - Natalia Egorova
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Remika Mito
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thijs Dhollander
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Background and Purpose- We examined if ischemic stroke is associated with white matter degeneration predominantly confined to the ipsi-lesional tracts or with widespread bilateral axonal loss independent of lesion laterality. Methods- We applied a novel fixel-based analysis, sensitive to fiber tract-specific differences within a voxel, to assess axonal loss in stroke (N=104, 32 women) compared to control participants (N=40, 15 women) across the whole brain. We studied microstructural differences in fiber density and macrostructural (morphological) changes in fiber cross-section. Results- In participants with stroke, we observed significantly lower fiber density and cross-section in areas adjacent, or connected, to the lesions (eg, ipsi-lesional corticospinal tract). In addition, the changes extended beyond directly connected tracts, independent of the lesion laterality (eg, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus). Conclusions- We conclude that ischemic stroke is associated with extensive neurodegeneration that significantly affects white matter integrity across the whole brain. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms of brain volume loss and delayed cognitive decline in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Egorova
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (N.E., A.B.)
| | - Thijs Dhollander
- Developmental Imaging Research Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (T.D.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom (W.K.)
| | - Emilio Werden
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.)
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- From the Dementia Research Theme, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia (N.E., M.S.K., W.K., E.W., A.B.).,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia (N.E., A.B.)
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Khan W, Amad A, Giampietro V, Werden E, De Simoni S, O'Muircheartaigh J, Westman E, O'Daly O, Williams SCR, Brodtmann A. The heterogeneous functional architecture of the posteromedial cortex is associated with selective functional connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1557-1572. [PMID: 31854490 PMCID: PMC7268042 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a key region involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated a heterogenous functional architecture of the region that is composed of discrete functional modules reflecting a complex pattern of functional connectivity. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underpinning this complex network architecture in neurodegenerative disease, and the differential vulnerability of connectivity-based subdivisions in the PMC to AD pathogenesis. Using a data-driven approach, we applied a constrained independent component analysis (ICA) on healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project to characterise the local functional connectivity patterns within the PMC, and its unique whole-brain functional connectivity. These distinct connectivity profiles were subsequently quantified in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, to examine functional connectivity differences in AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) participants, as well as the entire AD pathological spectrum. Our findings revealed decreased functional connectivity in the anterior precuneus, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the central precuneus in AD patients compared to CN participants. Functional abnormalities in the dorsal PCC and central precuneus were also related to amyloid burden and volumetric hippocampal loss. Across the entire AD spectrum, functional connectivity of the central precuneus was associated with disease severity and specific deficits in memory and executive function. These findings provide new evidence showing that the PMC is selectively impacted in AD, with prominent network failures of the dorsal PCC and central precuneus underpinning the neurodegenerative and cognitive dysfunctions associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ali Amad
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Univ Lille Nord de France, CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sara De Simoni
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging LaboratoryImperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSt. Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steve C. R. Williams
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for DementiaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Austin Health, HeidelbergMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Eastern Clinical Research UnitMonash University, Box Hill HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Iftikhar H, Sohail Awan M, Usman M, Khoja A, Khan W. Discordance between fine-needle aspiration cytology and histopathology in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of parotid gland. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 102:340-342. [PMID: 32159383 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool used preoperatively for the diagnosis of parotid lump. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma comprises 5-10% of all salivary gland tumours. It poses a diagnostic challenge on FNAC with high false negative rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the discordance between cytology/FNAC and histopathology in patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. Patients aged 18 years and above with FNAC or histopathology suggestive of mucoepidermoid carcinoma were identified. FNAC when compared with histology (gold standard) was classified into true positive (presence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma correctly diagnosed on FNAC), true negative (absence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma correctly diagnosed on FNAC), false positive (FNAC incorrectly diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma), false negative (FNAC failed to diagnose mucoepidermoid carcinoma). RESULTS A total of 16 patients fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Seven cytological samples were true positive (ie correctly diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma by FNAC), eight cytological specimens were false negative (ie could not pick up mucoepidermoid carcinoma on FNAC). One case was false positive on cytology (ie diagnosed mucoepidermoid carcinoma on FNAC but was reported to be Warthin's tumour on histopathology) and none were true negative. CONCLUSION FNAC is not reliable for diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. More than 50% of our patients had discordant results between cytology and histology. We recommend a high index of suspicion for mucoepidermoid carcinoma given the poor yield of cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iftikhar
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Sohail Awan
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Khoja
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - W Khan
- PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Aïssa B, Ali A, Bentouaf A, Khan W, Hossain MI, Kroeger J, Muhammad NM. Functionalized single-walled carbon-nanotube-blended P3HT-based high performance memory behavior thin-film transistor devices. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:075201. [PMID: 31661677 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) blended with P3HT (poly 3-hexyl thiophene-2, 5-diyl). The composite is used as a hybrid organic active channel transistor. The performances of the fabricated devices were investigated as a function of the SWCNTs' loads in the composite, and their response evaluated under white light illumination. Our results show that for SWCNT loads ≤1.5 wt%, all the devices behave as p-type transistors, exhibiting excellent performance, with an I on /I off ratio of 104 and a maximum on-state current (I on) exceeding 80 μA. Moreover, compared with pristine transistors with a P3HT channel, the Hall mobility of these hybrid TFTs was found to increase by more than one order of magnitude, i.e. increasing from 0.062 to 1.54 cm2 V-1 s-1. Finally, under light illumination, the transfer characteristics (i.e. I DS as a function of V GS) were found to systematically undergo a typical shift together with a fully-reversible memory behavior. A fundamental understanding of this work can assist in providing new routes for the development of reliable efficient hybrid organic-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aïssa
- MPB Communications Inc., Space & Photonics Division, 151 Hymus Boulv., Pointe Claire, H9R 1E9, Canada. Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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Waso M, Khan S, Singh A, McMichael S, Ahmed W, Fernández-Ibáñez P, Byrne JA, Khan W. Predatory bacteria in combination with solar disinfection and solar photocatalysis for the treatment of rainwater. Water Res 2020; 169:115281. [PMID: 31733621 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The predatory bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, was applied as a biological pre-treatment to solar disinfection and solar photocatalytic disinfection for rainwater treatment. The photocatalyst used was immobilised titanium-dioxide reduced graphene oxide. The pre-treatment followed by solar photocatalysis for 120 min under natural sunlight reduced the viable counts of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 2.00 × 109 colony forming units (CFU)/mL to below the detection limit (BDL) (<1 CFU/100 μL). Correspondingly, ethidium monoazide bromide quantitative PCR analysis indicated a high total log reduction in K. pneumoniae gene copies (GC)/mL (5.85 logs after solar photocatalysis for 240 min). In contrast, solar disinfection and solar photocatalysis without the biological pre-treatment were more effective for Enterococcus faecium disinfection as the viable counts of E. faecium were reduced by 8.00 logs (from 1.00 × 108 CFU/mL to BDL) and the gene copies were reduced by ∼3.39 logs (from 2.09 × 106 GC/mL to ∼9.00 × 102 GC/mL) after 240 min of treatment. Predatory bacteria can be applied as a pre-treatment to solar disinfection and solar photocatalytic treatment to enhance the removal efficiency of Gram-negative bacteria, which is crucial for the development of a targeted water treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - S Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - A Singh
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Belfast, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - S McMichael
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Belfast, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - W Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - P Fernández-Ibáñez
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Belfast, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - J A Byrne
- Nanotechnology and Integrated BioEngineering Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Belfast, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - W Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Khan W, Zugail AS, Blanc E, Neuziller Y, Lebret T. Reasons for intravesical instillation postponement during adjuvant treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective study. Prog Urol 2020; 30:75-79. [PMID: 31953014 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravesical instillations for adjuvant treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may be postponed of necessity. However, the frequency and reasons for postponement are unclear. MATERIALS We carried out a prospective, epidemiological study in an Urology department of the Île-de-France, between August 2016 and March 2017, to determine the frequency and reasons for postponement of intravesical instillations during adjuvant treatment of NMIBC. One-hundred consecutive patients treated by intravesical instillations of mitomycin C (MMC) or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were included. At each session and in case of instillation postponement, the medical team completed a specially designed questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 541 instillations were performed in the 100 patients. Twenty-four instillations (4.4%) were postponed in 19 patients. The major cause of postponement was an untreated positive urine analysis and culture (UAC) in 13/24 (54%) cases. The causes of cancellation did not differ significantly between MMC and BCG. The most frequently cancelled instillations were the first in the therapeutic protocol in 26% of cases. The number of instillations preceding those cancelled did not differ significantly between MMC and BCG (2.1±2.0 instillations for MMC vs. 1.5±1.6 for BCG; P=0.64). CONCLUSIONS There was a low rate of postponed instillations (4.4%). The main reasons, namely an untreated UAC and a positive dipstick test, based on the jurisprudence, are not included in the latest CC-AFU guidelines. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Department of urology, Foch hospital, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes France.
| | - A S Zugail
- Department of surgery, faculty of medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Blanc
- Department of urology, Foch hospital, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes France
| | - Y Neuziller
- Department of urology, Foch hospital, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes France
| | - T Lebret
- Department of urology, Foch hospital, University of Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Suresnes France
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Ahmad S, Lashein M, Khan W. P1325 Lymphoma encasing the heart: intra-cardiac or extra-cardiac mass? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 70-year-old gentleman was referred to our department for atypical chest pains and night sweats. He had an unremarkable past medical history and denied any history of familial disease. There were no complaints of dyspnoea, dizziness or palpitations. A routine echocardiogram showed a suspicious right atrial mass, seemingly extra cardiac in origin. Clinical examination was entirely unremarkable and further investigations were arranged as a matter of urgency.
Contrast echocardiography confirmed a lesion wrapping around the right atrium with possible myocardial infiltration. Trans-oesophageal echocardiography showed extension of the mass into the adjacent atrioventricular groove. The appearances were of a compressive, non-vascular lesion measuring 4.8cm x 5.6cm. Overall cardiac systolic function remained preserved with no significant intra-cardiac abnormalities.
A CT Thorax with contrast was the next step in investigation. This demonstrated nodular soft tissue infiltration of the entire pericardium, mainly involving the right heart chambers with encasement of the aortic root and coronary arteries. Significant lymphadenopathy was also identified suggesting a malignant process.
Cardiac MRI was then performed and this substantiated the findings on CT, raising concern for encasement and external compression of the right coronary artery. Urgent transfer to a tertiary cardiac centre was arranged and subsequent biopsy confirmed histological diagnosis of Stage 4 Lymphoma. After a multi-disciplinary meeting, a non-operative approach was decided. Treatment with steroids and chemotherapy was commenced without delay leading to a significant reduction in the size of the mass.
Abstract P1325 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmad
- Royal Preston Hospital, Cardiology, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Lashein
- Royal Preston Hospital, Cardiology, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - W Khan
- Royal Preston Hospital, Cardiology, Preston, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Mishra NP, Das SS, Yadav S, Khan W, Afzal M, Alarifi A, Kenawy ER, Ansari MT, Hasnain MS, Nayak AK. Global impacts of pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic: Focus on socio-economic consequences. Sens Int 2020; 1:100042. [PMID: 34766044 PMCID: PMC7510561 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19), was described as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, the COVID-19 has not only affected the public health socially but also has rigorously affected economically. Substantial declines in income, increase in unemployment, and distractions in the transportation, amenities, and industrial sectors are amongst the major concerns of the pandemic disease extenuation. Furthermore, the governments of most of the countries underestimated the menaces of COVID-19 spread and were typically responsive for the calamities in their respective countries. As outbreak of this pandemic is not likely to wane in the nearby future, preventive actions are prerequisite to prevent infection spread, save people lives and also to save the economic affluence. In this review, based on the present knowledge and available literature, we have demonstrated the various aspects of pre-and post-COVID-19 effects over the social and economic phases worldwide. Moreover, the evidence based data have been summarized regarding threats, social influences, scientific upgrades, moral dynamics, stress and adapting in the pre- and post- COVID-19 situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nt Pramathesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, 227101, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835 215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Abha Biotechnology, Noida, 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Javitri Institute of Medical Sciences &Pharmacy Division, Lucknow, 227302, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Afzal
- Catalytic Chemistry Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Catalytic Chemistry Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Tahir Ansari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Md Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha, 244236, U.P., India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj, 757086, Odisha, India
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Samaddar A, Das M, Roychowdhury S, Roy M, Khan W, Sengupta R, Narayan P. d-Transposition of Great Arteries and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Left Ventricular Regression-A Rarity. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 11:114-116. [PMID: 31755372 DOI: 10.1177/2150135119878035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transposition of great arteries (TGA) in association with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has been rarely reported. With increasing age, left ventricular (LV) regression further complicates the clinical scenario. Management strategy is not clearly defined. We describe a rare combination of TGA, TAPVC, and LV regression and outline a successful management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Samaddar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinalendu Das
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Roychowdhury
- Cardiac Anaesthesia, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahua Roy
- Paediatric Cardiology, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritojyoti Sengupta
- Paediatric Cardiology, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep Narayan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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To K, Zhang B, Romain K, Mak C, Khan W. Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Cartilage Regeneration: A PRISMA Review of in vivo Studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:314. [PMID: 31803726 PMCID: PMC6873960 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage damaged through trauma or disease has a limited ability to repair. Untreated, focal lesions progress to generalized changes including osteoarthritis. Musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis are the most significant contributor to disability globally. There is increasing interest in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of focal chondral lesions. There is some evidence to suggest that the tissue type from which MSCs are harvested play a role in determining their ability to regenerate cartilage in vitro and in vivo. In humans, MSCs derived from synovial tissue may have superior chondrogenic potential. We carried out a systematic literature review on the effectiveness of synovium-derived MSCs (sMSCs) in cartilage regeneration in in vivo studies in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Twenty studies were included in our review; four examined the use of human sMSCs and 16 were conducted using sMSCs harvested from animals. Most studies reported successful cartilage repair with sMSC transplantation despite the variability of animals, cell harvesting techniques, methods of delivery, and outcome measures. We conclude that sMSC transplantation holds promise as a treatment option for focal cartilage defects. We believe that defining the cell population being used, establishing standardized methods for MSC delivery, and the use of objective outcome measures should enable future high quality studies such as randomized controlled clinical trials to provide the evidence needed to manage chondral lesions optimally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Romain
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Mak
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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114
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Ali M, Nisar M, Khan W, Naz T, Zaman SU, Hussain M. Assessment of phenotypic and storage protein diversity in exotic barley cultivated in District Dir (Pakistan). Regul Mech Biosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 198 exotic barley genotypes were collected from the Gene Bank of the Plant Genetic Resource Institute (PGRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan, for the assessment of genetic diversity based on morphological and seed storage proteins. Qualitative and quantitative traits were noted as per IPGRI, 1994 descriptor. Among the quantitative parameters, a high level of genetic variability index was noted in seeds per spike at 79.9% of coefficient of variance followed by biomass per plant which shows 37.4% variance, while minimum variance in quantitative traits was noted in days to germination at 5.4% followed by days to maturity at 3.1% with average mean genetic variation in all quantitative traits at 97.6%. Assay of total seed protein in these exotic accessions was analogue through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A high level of variation was noted in loci (bands) B26 (0.98%) followed by B25 (0.89%), B24 (0.78%),B23 (0.69%) and B01 (0.52%). A similarly low level of variation was detected in B03 (0.16%) followed by B06 (0.18%), B13 (0.19%), B12 (0.21%), B11 (0.23%), B05 (0.24%), B07 (0.25%), B21 (0.34%), B20 (0.35%), B17 (0.39%). The results indicate that the mean value of variation in these accessions is 97.6%. Further assessments and exploration were suggested for these genotypes in multi-climatic zones to satisfy farmers’ need, breeders’ interest and malt-industrial requirements.
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Agarwal N, Kamaraj A, McDonnell S, Khan W. Perioperative management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing orthopaedic surgery. J Perioper Pract 2019; 30:265-270. [PMID: 31694466 DOI: 10.1177/1750458919886186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which is characterised by systemic inflammation. In the recent decades, the advent of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs have reduced the need for orthopaedic procedures. However, there are numerous patients in which pharmacological treatment fails and these patients require surgical intervention. Complications can arise due to the underlying pathology and multitude of medications these patients can be on, specifically increased infection rates due to use of immunosuppressive agents. An understanding into the disease itself, as well as perioperative management, may improve overall patient outcomes and prevent future complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Achi Kamaraj
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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116
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Abstract
Despite the introduction and use of latex-free gloves, natural rubber latex hypersensitivity is still an issue in hospital medicine both for patients and healthcare professionals. Clear understanding of the groups at risk as well as perioperative assessment and management is key to reducing complications and improving safety. In this literature review, we cover the perioperative management of patients with latex hypersensitivity, as well as the implications for healthcare professionals. We also review the cost analyses of latex hypersensitivity in the healthcare system and the evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Suttie Centre for Teaching & Learning in Healthcare, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Stephen McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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117
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Ullah S, Rehbar B, Ahmad S, Siyal GB, Ahmad A, Khalid S, Zada K, Ullah N. Morphology and ectoparasite spectrum of Pteropus vampyrus (the flying fox) in different parts of Malakand Division, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:523-528. [PMID: 31644647 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.214614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three districts viz. Lower Dir, Swat and Shangla in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, were surveyed for the collection of Pteropus vampyrus (the Indian flying fox) in Malakand division, the north western region of Pakistan from February to November 2018. A total of 35 specimens were captured. Out of the examined specimens 22 were found to be infected with ectoparasites. Three types of ectoparasites were observed including flies 20% (n=7/35), mites 28.5% (n=10/35) and bugs 14.2% (n=5/35). Male bats were more infected 57.1% (n=20/35) as compared to females 42.8% (n=15/35), however, no significant difference (p>0.05) was noted. Flies were recovered from wings membrane and head region, mites were found on wings, ears and around eyes while bugs were found attached on body surface and neck region. Body weight, circumference and wing span of male bats were greater as compared to female bats and were considered a key factor in clear cut identification of male and female Pteropus vampyrus (the Indian flyingfox). It was concluded that Pteropus vampyrus from north western part of Pakistan were parasitized by a varied parasite fauna with high infestation rates. We assume that in male bats the number of parasites is generally higher than in females. Our results revealed new insights into parasite fauna of Pteropus vampyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - N N Nisa
- Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Center, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - B Rehbar
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - G B Siyal
- Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - A Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Khalid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K Zada
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - N Ullah
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
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118
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Khan W, Nisa NN, Ullah S, Ahmad S, Mehmood SA, Khan M, Ahmad S, Ali W, Ullah H, Anwar K. Gastrointestinal helminths in dog feces surrounding suburban areas of Lower Dir district, Pakistan: A public health threat. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:511-517. [PMID: 31644646 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.211956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on environmental contamination of the parasites of zoonotic importance is scarce in Pakistan. Soil contamination with feces of dogs hide infective stages of the parasite represents a health-risk to humans. This study was aimed to assess the eggs of gastrointestinal parasites of stray dogs and household dogs in lower Dir district, Pakistan with special consideration to those that can be spread to humans. One hundred and fifty two stool specimens from (stray dogs=90 and household dogs=62) were collected. The helminth eggs were processed by direct smear method and centrifugation techniques and identified by microscopic examination. Of the total examined dogs 26.8% (n=41 /152) were found to be infected with one or more intestinal parasites. The intestinal helminths detected were Dipylidium caninum (n =18, 11.8%), followed by Toxocara canis (n =16, 10.5%), Taenia spp., (n=10, 6.57%) Ancylostoma caninum (n=6, 3.94), Toxascaris spp., Capillaria spp., and Trichuris vulpis (n=2, 1.31% each) in order of their prevalence. Pattern of infection revealed that 27 (65.8%) dogs have single, 13(31.7%) double and 1(2.43%) triple infection. The stray dogs were highly infected 34.4% (n=31) than house hold dogs 16.1% (n=10). The prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites was significantly different among these two groups (p = 0.0097). This study highlight a severe environmental contamination by frequent parasitic stages infectious to humans. There is a higher risk of zoonotic transmission from dogs which indicate an immediate need for the controlling of these parasites and educating the public to take wise action relating to the parasites and pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Khan
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - N N Nisa
- Southern Zone-Agricultural Research Center, Vertebrate Pest Control Institute, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Ullah
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - S A Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, University of Hazara, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ullah
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khurshaid Anwar
- Live Stock Research and Dairy Development Department, KP, Pakistan
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Abstract
Von Willebrand disease is the commonest bleeding disorder encountered in the medical and surgical field. As a result of the repetitive bleeding into the joints many patients suffer from arthropathy that can cause a significant amount of pain and functional limitation. Total joint arthroplasty is being utilised as the last resort in managing these patients; however, the presence of von Willebrand disease raises a number of dilemmas. In this review, we look at the effects of von Willebrand disease on joints and the perioperative management of von Willebrand disease patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Yaghmour
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuhan Peng
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Chisari
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen M McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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121
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Pengas I, Nash W, Assiotis A, To K, Khan W, McNicholas M. The effects of knee meniscectomy on the development of osteoarthritis in the patellofemoral joint 40 years following meniscectomy. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2019; 29:1705-1708. [PMID: 31292717 PMCID: PMC6851031 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-019-02480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most knee osteoarthritis and meniscectomy studies focus on osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint and ignore the patellofemoral joint. This study aims to assess the long-term effects of total meniscectomy on the patellofemoral joint. To our knowledge, this is the only study of osteoarthritis in the patellofemoral joint following meniscectomy that extends to a 40-year follow-up period. Twenty-two patients with osteoarthritis were evaluated at a mean of 40 years post-meniscectomy using standardised weight-bearing radiographs of the operated and non-operated knees. Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis was diagnosed by the presence of osteophytes and joint space narrowing to less than 5 mm. Kellgren and Lawrence scores were calculated from the radiographs. Patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis and tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis were correlated with International Knee Documentation Committee scores and range of movement measurements. A significant difference was observed between the operated and non-operated knees in terms of patellofemoral joint osteophyte formation. There was a significant difference in tibiofemoral joint Kellgren and Lawrence scores, International Knee Documentation Committee scores and range of movement measurements between knees with lateral facet patellofemoral joint space of < 5 mm and > 5 mm. This study shows an association between open total meniscectomy and patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis at 40 years following surgery. There was also an association between patellofemoral joint space narrowing in the lateral facet and tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis. Possible causes include altered biomechanical loading patterns following meniscectomy as well as global processes within the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Pengas
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, TR1 3LQ, UK
| | - William Nash
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Angelos Assiotis
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Michael McNicholas
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK
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122
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Ullah S, Naz A, Khan W, Ali B, Hakim A. Struggling for Survival: The Intricate Relationship between Poverty & Hiv/Aids In District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. cswhi 2019. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_10_2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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123
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Abstract
Total hip replacements (THR) have been performed in the UK from the 1960s and since then we have seen surgical techniques, the design of implants, and imaging modalities rapidly develop. This paper will aim to review the different complications and imaging appearance which help to evaluate each problem. As for all investigations for bone and joints, a radiograph is the first imaging to be performed for any patient with a THR and can detect a majority of complications. CT is relatively low-cost, simple to perform and easily available making it an excellent tool to supplement radiographs when trying to evaluate a hip prosthesis. Single photon emission computed tomography with CT (SPECT-CT) is an emerging modality which has shown to combine the sensitivity that bone scintigraphy offers with the high specificity of CT. SPECT imaging also has the advantage of showing the bone's metabolic activity and is less prone to metal artifact than Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has evolved to become an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of THR in the post-operative period. Optimized pulse sequences and metal artifact reduction techniques have made MRI a useful tool in diagnosis of soft tissue abnormalities and is particularly useful in identifying adverse local tissue reactions in metal on metal implants. CT and MRI are accurate in identifying the diagnosis of most causes of THR complications except infection. Research confirms that leukocyte-marrow scintigraphy is the modality of choice for accurately diagnosing prosthetic joint infection and reassures us of its superiority over other nuclear medicine imaging. However, due to the limited availability and increased costs when performing leukocyte-marrow scintigraphy, CT and SPECT-CT would be a more preferred option when suspecting prosthesis infection. Ultrasound (US) has a limited role in the assessment of most THR complications but can be useful to identify peri-prosthetic fluid collections and the presence of soft tissue sinus tracts. Being aware of the imaging modalities that are available to orthopedic surgeons, and discussing these challenging cases with specialist radiologists will enable optimal management of THR complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Mushtaq
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, United Kingdom
| | - Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Gooding
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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124
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Rich P, Roder J, Dubay J, Oubre D, Pauli E, Orsini J, Santos E, Coleman M, Khan W, Akerley W, Siegel R, Traylor L, Walker P. Real-world Performance of Blood-Based Proteomic Profiling in Frontline Immunotherapy Treatment in Advanced stage NSCLC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gottlieb E, Khan W, Werden E, Pase MP, Egorova N, Cumming T, Howard M, Brodtmann A. 0927 Regional Brain Volumes Within The Ascending Arousal System Are Associated With Sleep-Wake Dysfunction After Stroke. Sleep 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elie Gottlieb
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wasim Khan
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emilio Werden
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew P Pase
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Egorova
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Toby Cumming
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Howard
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
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126
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Devoy B, Yaghmour KM, Chisari E, McDonnell SM, Khan W. Perioperative management of renal transplant patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. J Perioper Pract 2019; 29:270-275. [PMID: 30888939 DOI: 10.1177/1750458919835435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of renal transplantation depends on lifelong immunosuppression. This can lead to a high incidence of avascular necrosis of major joints in the body for which arthroplasty is the treatment of choice. The risk of surgical complications is high in these patients, and there is no current set of cohesive perioperative management guidelines. In this review, we discuss the perioperative management of renal transplant patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Devoy
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khaled M Yaghmour
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Chisari
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen M McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Ullah I, Naraz A, Khan T, Khan S, Gul A, Khan W, Khan N. School Curriculum and HIV/AIDS: A Study of District Swat. cswhi 2019. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_10_1_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Khan W. An audit cycle demonstrating improvement in delirium diagnosis, prevention and management (NICE guideline) at a district general hospital. Future Healthc J 2019; 6:14. [PMID: 31363539 PMCID: PMC6616821 DOI: 10.7861/futurehosp.6-1-s14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Veronese M, Moro L, Arcolin M, Dipasquale O, Rizzo G, Expert P, Khan W, Fisher PM, Svarer C, Bertoldo A, Howes O, Turkheimer FE. Covariance statistics and network analysis of brain PET imaging studies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2496. [PMID: 30792460 PMCID: PMC6385265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of structural and functional neuroimaging data using graph theory has increasingly become a popular approach for visualising and understanding anatomical and functional relationships between different cerebral areas. In this work we applied a network-based approach for brain PET studies using population-based covariance matrices, with the aim to explore topological tracer kinetic differences in cross-sectional investigations. Simulations, test-retest studies and applications to cross-sectional datasets from three different tracers ([18F]FDG, [18F]FDOPA and [11C]SB217045) and more than 400 PET scans were investigated to assess the applicability of the methodology in healthy controls and patients. A validation of statistics, including the assessment of false positive differences in parametric versus permutation testing, was also performed. Results showed good reproducibility and general applicability of the method within the range of experimental settings typical of PET neuroimaging studies, with permutation being the method of choice for the statistical analysis. The use of graph theory for the quantification of [18F]FDG brain PET covariance, including the definition of an entropy metric, proved to be particularly relevant for Alzheimer's disease, showing an association with the progression of the pathology. This study shows that covariance statistics can be applied to PET neuroimaging data to investigate the topological characteristics of the tracer kinetics and its related targets, although sensitivity to experimental variables, group inhomogeneities and image resolution need to be considered when the method is applied to cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucia Moro
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Arcolin
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Expert
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Neuroimaging, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis studies, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Chisari E, Yaghmour KM, Peat F, Khan W. Patients Presenting with a Hot, Swollen Joint: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019; 16:38-42. [PMID: 30666912 DOI: 10.2174/1573397115666190122113659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A hot, swollen joint is a common clinical condition encountered in the ED and elective orthopaedic and rheumatology clinics. These patients can be difficult to manage and properly treat. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to report a single centre retrospective analysis of patients presenting to our institution for a hot, swollen joint over a three-month period. METHODS The study included patients presenting with a hot, swollen joint to ED or electively to clinics. The synovial fluid was aspirated and sent for microbiological and cytological investigation. P value was set to < 0.001. 36 patients (22 M, 14 F) with a mean age of 72.8 ± 17.4 years met our criteria. 20 cases (55.6 %) involved the knee joint, the wrist in 10 cases (27.8%), the elbow in 3 cases (8.3%) and the shoulder in 3 cases (8.3%). RESULTS Of the 36 synovial fluid samples collected, only 7 (19.4%) reported evidence of infection. On cytological examination of the synovial fluid, 21 (58.3%) reported presence of calcium pyrophosphates crystals (Pseudogout), 4 (11.1 %) reported presence of uric acid crystals (Gout) and 11 (30.5%) reported absence of crystals. We found a significant correlation between age and the diagnosis of pseudogout and between previous antibiotic treatment and ED presentation. Our study sheds light on the high incidence of crystal-related pathologies. CONCLUSION In order to improve our management of this common condition and enhance our understanding of the clinical diagnosis in certain patient population, further high-profile clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Chisari
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.,Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Khaled M Yaghmour
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fidel Peat
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Yaghmour KM, Atkinson S, Chisari E, McDonnell SM, Khan W. Effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in total joint arthroplasty. J Perioper Pract 2019; 29:356-360. [PMID: 30650055 DOI: 10.1177/1750458919825812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty is associated with significant blood loss, that could result in the need of blood transfusions. Several techniques are being utilised to limit the volume of blood loss, in order to avoid transfusion. In this review, we look at blood loss in total joint arthroplasty and the perioperative strategies to limit the loss of blood. With the use of tranexamic acid gaining popularity, we analyse the published literature on its use in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. We have found that published studies favour using tranexamic acid in total joint arthroplasty as a safe and effective method of reducing blood loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Yaghmour
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Atkinson
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Chisari
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Policlinico, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen M McDonnell
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedics Surgery Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Khanna S, Gan G, Gupta K, Khan W, Bhat A, Chen H, Tan T. Characterisation of Right Ventricular Size and Systolic Function in a Cohort of Myocarditis Patients with Normal LVEF. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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133
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Khanna S, Gan G, Gupta K, Khan W, Tan W, Chen H, Bhat A, Tan T. Characterisation of Left Ventricular Shape Change as Defined by Sphericity Index in Patients with Acute Phase Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Anterior STEMI Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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134
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Israr M, Naz A, Gul A, Khan F, Khan W. Women’s Political Deprivation: A Natural Selection or Cultural Injustice The Case of Pakhtun Society, Pakistan. cswhi 2018. [DOI: 10.22359/cswhi_9_4_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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135
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Khan H, Mafi P, Mafi R, Khan W. The Effects of Ageing on Differentiation and Characterisation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 13:378-383. [PMID: 27133083 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x11666160429122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are unique in their ability to self-renew and differentiate into one of many lineage possibilities. It is therefore integral to preserve these qualities to prevent the far reaching effects of a defective stem cell. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are precursors for and can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. They were originally found in the bone marrow, but have also been located in the umbilical cord, adipose tissue and muscle. Few studies have been conducted into the in vivo effects of age on these cells. This contribution reviews current knowledge surrounding the effects of age on the characteriation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. METHOD 471 articles were found using a combination of Online published articles from January 1983 to January 2016 were searched using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. There were no existing systematic reviews on this research topic. RESULTS Nine studies were identified that met the predefined selection criteria. Three studies were used to assess the effects of ageing on characterisation of hMSC with no conclusive results. The cumulative results of these studies show that the effect of ageing on characterisation of hMSC remains inconclusive. Seven studies were used to assess the differentiation potentials of hMSC showing that age either decreased or altered lineage preference in hMSC differentiation. CONCLUSION There is indication that ageing affects hMSC characterisation and differentiation, however it is not conclusive. There are not enough high quality controlled clinical trials to make reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Khan
- Hull York Medical School, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pouya Mafi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Mafi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
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136
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Clements T, Ndlovu T, Khan S, Khan W. Biosurfactants produced by Serratia species: Classification, biosynthesis, production and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:589-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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137
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Chamberlin K, Orfanos S, Mukherjee A, Moy E, Koganti M, Khan W. A case of disseminated tuberculosis mimicking metastatic cancer. Respir Med Case Rep 2018; 25:239-241. [PMID: 30302306 PMCID: PMC6174834 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) or miliary TB is defined as lymphohematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, which may then affect virtually any organ system. The multiple organ involvement in disseminated TB can mimic metastatic cancer and can make the diagnosis challenging. False negatives are common therefore repeating microbiologic and histologic samples is essential. CASE REPORT We report the case of a young immunocompetent patient presenting with multiple atypical extra-pulmonary TB involvement. The patient presented with pulmonary, pleural, bilateral testicular and multiple bone involvement including calcanerium abscesses. These lesions were initially described as metastasis by the radiologist. Therefore lymphoma and metastatic testicular cancer as well as TB were high on the differential in this young foreign-born male. Pleural, broncho-alveolar lavage, bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid acid-fast bacilli smear and microbiologic culture were all negative. However the histologic examination of the trans-bronchial biopsy and pleural biopsy showed necrotizing granuloma and helped to narrow down the diagnosis. The patient improved with RIPE therapy. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the diagnostic difficulty of disseminated TB with atypical organ involvement. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosing TB but is a long process and with 23% of culture negative TB in the United-States, the diagnosis sometimes relies on thoroughly ruling-out differential diagnosis and histologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Chamberlin
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway Township, NJ 08854, USA
| | - S. Orfanos
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Internal Medicine Department, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - A. Mukherjee
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Internal Medicine Department, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - E. Moy
- Penn Medicine-Princeton Medical Center Intensive Care Unit Department, 1 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - M. Koganti
- Penn Medicine-Princeton Medical Center Intensive Care Unit Department, 1 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - W. Khan
- Penn Medicine-Princeton Medical Center Intensive Care Unit Department, 1 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
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Stace ET, Nagra NS, Tiberwel S, Khan W, Carr AJ. The Use of Electrospun Scaffolds in Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering: A Focus on Tendon and the Rotator Cuff. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 13:619-631. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180129105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Stace
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Navraj S. Nagra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saket Tiberwel
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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139
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Khan W, Chandra AK, Kishor K, Sachan S, Alam MS. Slug formation mechanism for air–water system in T-junction microchannel: a numerical investigation. Chem Pap 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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140
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Nannaparaju M, Mortada S, Wiik A, Khan W, Alam M. Posterolateral corner injuries: Epidemiology, anatomy, biomechanics and diagnosis. Injury 2018; 49:1024-1031. [PMID: 29254623 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased internal and external rotational laxity of the knee may result from a wide range of pathologies in or around the knee. However, the principal cause of increased external rotational laxity is damage to the posterolateral corner (PLC). The aim of the review is to discuss the epidemiology, anatomy, biomechanics and diagnosis of PLC injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Mortada
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals, Romford, UK
| | - A Wiik
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals, Romford, UK
| | - W Khan
- University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Alam
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals, Romford, UK
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141
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Khlif MS, Werden E, Egorova N, Khan W, Brodtmann A. 006 Effect of apolipoprotein e ε4 allele on medial temporal lobe atrophy in ischaemic stroke patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-anzan.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a known risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. APOE ε4 carriers have been reported as having lower hippocampal volume in Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, and in healthy cohorts,1 but this is not well investigated in stroke. Here, we compared the regional volume in the medial temporal lobe in ischaemic stroke survivors, with and without the ε4 allele, three (time point 1, t1) and twelve (t2) months after stroke.Methods21 APOE ε4 carriers and 21 non-carriers, matched for lesion size and location and for neurological impairment as measured by NIHSS, were sampled from the CANVAS study, a longitudinal imaging study in stroke survivors.2 A mixed-effect linear model was used to analyse the effect of the ε4 allele on hippocampal, entorhinal, and para-hippocampal volumes, adjusting for age, sex, years of education, and total intracranial volume. Volumes were estimated using the longitudinal stream in FreeSurfer 5.3.ResultsThe left hippocampal (pt1=0.038, pt2=0.040) and entorhinal (pt1=0.044, pt2=0.038) volumes were significantly lower in the ε4-carrier group at each time point. The right entorhinal (pt1=pt2=0.002) and para-hippocampal (pt1=0.018, pt2=0.020) volumes were also significantly lower in the ε4-carrier group, but there was no difference in the right hippocampal volume (pt1=pt2=0.055) between the two groups. The group-time interaction was significant for the left para-hippocampal cortex (p=0.019): ε4 non-carriers showed a significant volume increase (p=0.018) between t1 and t2.ConclusionThese findings suggest that stroke survivors who carry the APOE-ε4 allele will experience greater atrophy in the medial temporal lobe in the twelve months following their stroke.References1. Manning EN, et al. e4 Is Associated with Disproportionate Progressive Hippocampal Atrophy in AD. PLoS ONE2014;9(5):e97608.2. Brodtmann A, et al. Charting cognitive and volumetric trajectories after stroke: Protocol for the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke (CANVAS) study. Int J Stroke2014;9(6):824–828.
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Williams RL, Khan W, Roberts-Huntleigh N, Morgan-Jones R. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with prior adjacent multi-organism osteomyelitis. Acta Orthop Belg 2018; 84:184-191. [PMID: 30462602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Joint degeneration may make a total knee replacement a requirement for pain relief and function, however the presence of adjacent osteomyelitis makes management extremely challenging. We describe a series of four patients with a mean age of 50 with multi-organism osteomyelitis who underwent single-stage total knee replacements at an average of 63 months following eradication. Three patients did well but had complications associated with poor skin and soft tissues, and abnormal bone anatomy. One patient developed an infection and following a re-revision had an arthrodesis. The final mean Knee Society Score and Oxford Knee Score was 62 (54-66) and 34 (29-38) respectively. We have highlighted that these are a difficult cohort of patients to manage and their care is optimised through a multi-disciplinary approach by a high volume surgeon.
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143
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Khan S, Mafi P, Mafi R, Khan W. A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury, Intervertebral Disc Repair and Spinal Fusion. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 13:316-323. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x11666170907120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujhat Khan
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pouya Mafi
- St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Broomfield Hospital, Court Road, Broomfield, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Mafi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United States
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Zaman SU, Ali K, Khan W, Ali M, Jan T, Nisar M. Ethno-botanical and geo-referenced profiling of medicinal plants of Nawagai Valley, District Buner (Pakistan). Biosys divers 2018. [DOI: 10.15421/011809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The prime objective of the research was to list the important ethnomedicinal plants of Nawagai village, District Buner. During the survey, 44 plant species from 27 families were observed and collected from the targeted area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lamiaceae members were the most dominant (54%) followed by members of Asteraceae (30%), Poaceae (18%) and Solanaceae (12%). Relevant information such as field data, GPS coordinates family names, local names, therapeutic uses and plant habits were recorded for each species. For preservation purposes, specimens were mounted on herbarium sheets, and identified with the help of flora of Pakistan, flora of Australia and other relevant floristic records. During this research work all the collected specimens were preserved in the (BG&H, UOM) Botanical Garden and Herbarium, the data were also provided to the Department of Botany, University of Malakand Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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145
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Khan W, Giampietro V, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Conrod P, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lemaître H, Nees F, Paus T, Pausova Z, Rietschel M, Smolka MN, Ströhle A, Gallinat J, Vellas B, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Tsolaki M, Mecocci P, Spenger C, Villemagne VL, Masters CL, Muehlboeck JS, Bäckman L, Fratiglioni L, Kalpouzos G, Wahlund LO, Schumann G, Lovestone S, Williams SCR, Westman E, Simmons A. A Multi-Cohort Study of ApoE ɛ4 and Amyloid-β Effects on the Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:1159-1174. [PMID: 28157104 PMCID: PMC5302035 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been consistently shown to modulate the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, using an AD and normal aging dataset primarily consisting of three AD multi-center studies (n = 1,781), we compared the effect of APOE and amyloid-β (Aβ) on baseline hippocampal volumes in AD patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and healthy controls. A large sample of healthy adolescents (n = 1,387) was also used to compare hippocampal volumes between APOE groups. Subjects had undergone a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and APOE genotyping. Hippocampal volumes were processed using FreeSurfer. In the AD and normal aging dataset, hippocampal comparisons were performed in each APOE group and in ɛ4 carriers with positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ who were dichotomized (Aβ+/Aβ–) using previous cut-offs. We found a linear reduction in hippocampal volumes with ɛ4 carriers possessing the smallest volumes, ɛ3 carriers possessing intermediate volumes, and ɛ2 carriers possessing the largest volumes. Moreover, AD and MCI ɛ4 carriers possessed the smallest hippocampal volumes and control ɛ2 carriers possessed the largest hippocampal volumes. Subjects with both APOE ɛ4 and Aβ positivity had the lowest hippocampal volumes when compared to Aβ- ɛ4 carriers, suggesting a synergistic relationship between APOE ɛ4 and Aβ. However, we found no hippocampal volume differences between APOE groups in healthy 14-year-old adolescents. Our findings suggest that the strongest neuroanatomic effect of APOE ɛ4 on the hippocampus is observed in AD and groups most at risk of developing the disease, whereas hippocampi of old and young healthy individuals remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience and Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Patricia Conrod
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Universite de Montreal, CHU Ste Justine Hospital, Canada
| | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Anreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay, and AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Paus
- otman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeurgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christian Spenger
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - J-Sebastian Muehlboeck
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunther Schumann
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven C R Williams
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Westman
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew Simmons
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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146
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Muhammad N, Wadood SF, Khan W, Ali N, Nisar M. ntra-species profiling of Cleome viscosa growing in Swat district (Pakistan). Biosys divers 2018. [DOI: 10.15421/011808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-specific genetic variation was studied in 28 genotypes of Cleome viscosa L. growing in Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It was found that genotypes showed the utmost allelic variation for leaf upper and lower surface with emerald green (75%), and yellow green (75%) respectively, other leaves lower and upper surfaces were (25%) green and yellow green (26%) respectively. The majority of C. viscosa genotypes were (50%) yellow flowers while others were with (29%) white yellow colour and (21%) dull yellow. Most of the seeds were with black (46%). The protein profiling was carried out on 12% gel electrophoresis; seven reproducible bands with molecular weight ranges from 180 to 10 KDa were detected in C. viscosa, the locus contribution toward genetic disagreement (LCTGD) of C. viscosa was 57%. Notably, L-3, L-4 L-5, was monomorphic in C. viscosa and was treated as species specific. L-1, L-2, L-7 were polymorphic. These bands showed 79%, 4%, 14% and 79% variation respectively. In the current investigation the intra-specific variation was observed limited and alone SDS-PAGE did not determine the high level of intra-specific variation; however, diverse germplasm were suggested to be acquired from various sources.
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147
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Waso M, Khan S, Khan W. Development and small-scale validation of a novel pigeon-associated mitochondrial DNA source tracking marker for the detection of fecal contamination in harvested rainwater. Sci Total Environ 2018; 615:99-106. [PMID: 28963900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at designing and validating (on a small-scale) a novel pigeon mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) microbial source tracking (MST) marker for the detection of pigeon fecal matter in harvested rainwater. The pigeon mtDNA MST marker was designed to target the mtDNA Cytochrome b gene by employing mismatch amplification mutation assay kinetics. The pigeon marker was validated by screening 69 non-pigeon and 9 pigeon fecal samples. The host-sensitivity of the assay was determined as 1.00 while the host-specificity of the assay was 0.96. Harvested rainwater samples (n=60) were screened for the prevalence of the marker with the mtDNA Cytochrome b marker detected in 78% of the samples. Bayes' theorem was applied to calculate the conditional probability of the marker detecting true pigeon contamination and the marker subsequently displayed a 99% probability of detecting true pigeon contamination in the harvested rainwater samples. In addition, the mtDNA Cytochrome b marker displayed high concurrence frequencies versus heterotrophic bacteria (78.3%), E. coli (73.3%), total coliforms (71.1%) and fecal coliforms (66.7%). This study thus validates that targeting mtDNA for the design of source tracking markers may be a valuable tool to detect avian fecal contamination in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - S Khan
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, 13 Storch Street, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - W Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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148
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Waso M, Khan S, Khan W. Microbial source tracking markers associated with domestic rainwater harvesting systems: Correlation to indicator organisms. Environ Res 2018; 161:446-455. [PMID: 29216491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Domestic rainwater harvesting (tank water) systems were screened for the presence of a panel of microbial source tracking (MST) markers and traditional indicator organisms. The indicator organisms were enumerated utilizing traditional culture-based methods, while the MST markers were quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The indicators Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci were also quantified using qPCR. Correlations and concurrence between these parameters were then investigated to determine which markers could be utilized to supplement traditional indicator analysis. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that Bacteroides HF183, adenovirus, Lachnospiraceae and E. coli were detected and quantifiable in 100% of the tank water samples collected throughout the sampling period, while human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantifiable in 90% of the tank water samples and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis) and enterococci were quantifiable in 67% of the tank water samples, respectively. Significant positive correlations were recorded for Lachnospiraceae versus heterotrophic bacteria (p = 0.000), adenovirus versus E. coli (culturing) (p = 0.000) and heterotrophic bacteria (p = 0.024), the HF183 marker versus E. coli (qPCR) (p = 0.024) and B. adolescentis versus fecal coliforms (p = 0.037). In addition, 100% concurrence was observed for the HF183 marker, adenovirus and Lachnospiraceae versus E. coli (qPCR), enterococci (qPCR) and heterotrophic bacteria, amongst others. Based on the correlations and the concurrence analysis, the HF183 marker, Lachnospiraceae and adenovirus may be utilized to supplement indicator organism analysis for the monitoring of harvested rainwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - S Khan
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, 13 Storch Street, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - W Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag ×1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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149
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Hussain T, Musthafa M, Babar M, Khan W, Ullah Z, Aqeel M, Yaqub A, Marikar F. Analysis of molecular genetic diversity of endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) based on interleukin 2 gene sequences. BJVM 2018. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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150
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Chew E, Prakash R, Khan W. Mesenchymal stem cells in human meniscal regeneration: A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 24:3-7. [PMID: 29062478 PMCID: PMC5644998 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell regeneration is the holy grail of meniscal tissue repair. Currently, the best treatment is to preserve the original meniscus but if it fails, a partial meniscectomy is indicated to delay the onset of osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors present a systematic review to determine the up-to-date evidence underlying the use of mesenchymal stem cells for meniscal regeneration in humans. A search was conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE/Pubmed, Google scholar, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Search keywords included human, meniscus, stem cells and regeneration. RESULTS After screening 10 non-duplicate studies, 5 were identified based on title and abstract. 4 were included in the analysis. There were marked differences in the method of stem cell harvest techniques. 3 studies administered stem cells through percutaneous injection into the knee and 1 study used a collagen scaffold. MRI analysis, functional scores and safety were assessed and the longest follow-up period was 2 years. The Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was most commonly used to assess function and patients generally showed an improvement. There were no reported adverse events. CONCLUSION Despite positive results from animal models, there is currently a lack of evidence in humans to conclude that stem cells can form durable neotissue similar to original human meniscus. There is a need for standardisation of protocol before further trials are considered. Initial outcomes from human studies are promising and mesenchymal stem cells may play an important role in meniscal repair in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Chew
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Prakash
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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