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Ehrlich M, EW Harville, Xiong X, Buekens P, Pridjian G, Elkind-Hirsch K. Loss Of Resources And Hurricane Experience As Predictors Of Post-Partum Depression Among Women In Southern Louisiana. Ann Epidemiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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102
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Xiong X, Chen S. Study on DNA-methylation patterns of SNRPN gene at chromosome 15q11-13 in early pregnancy villus. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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103
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Chen S, Sun L, Li S, Yin M, Xiong X, He J. Birth defects of 1,397 newborns conceived by in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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104
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105
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Xiong X, Buekens P, Vastardis S, Wu T. Periodontal disease as one possible explanation for the Mexican paradox. Med Hypotheses 2006; 67:1348-54. [PMID: 16935435 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mexican-American women have similar low socio-economic status as compared to Non-Hispanic Blacks. However, Mexican-American women have consistently been shown to have a lower rate of low birth weight births as compared to Non-Hispanic Blacks and similar to Non-Hispanic Whites. This phenomenon is referred to as the "Mexican paradox", and the explanation for this is still unclear. We used data from the third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to compare the rate of periodontal disease in Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White and Mexican-American pregnant and non-pregnant women. We found that Mexican-American women have a lower rate of periodontal disease before and during pregnancy when compared to Non-Hispanic Blacks. Since periodontal disease has been associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, we hypothesize that the lower prevalence of periodontal disease before and during pregnancy among Mexican-American women may contribute to the "Mexican paradox".
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, Tidewater Building Suite 2022, SL-18, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Xiong X, Buekens P, Vastardis S, Pridjian G. Periodontal Disease and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s52-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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109
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that periodontal disease, as a source of subclinical and persistent infection, may induce systemic inflammatory responses that increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine the existing evidence on the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY Published studies identified via searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Current Contents full-text databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We identified and selected observational studies (i.e. case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort) and nonrandomised controlled studies or randomised controlled trials that examined periodontal disease as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR) were extracted or calculated from the studies' data. We calculated pooled effect size for two clinical controlled trials but not for the observational studies due to the heterogeneity in definitions for periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes across studies. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-five studies (13 case-control, 9 cohort, and 3 controlled trials) were identified. The studies focused on preterm low birthweight, low birthweight, preterm birth, birthweight by gestational age, miscarriage or pregnancy loss, and pre-eclampsia. Of the chosen studies, 18 suggested an association between periodontal disease and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome (ORs ranging from 1.10 to 20.0) and 7 found no evidence of an association (ORs ranging from 0.78 to 2.54). Three clinical trial studies suggest that oral prophylaxis and periodontal treatment can lead to a 57% reduction in preterm low birthweight (pooled RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24-0.78) and a 50% reduction in preterm births (RR 0.5; 95% CI 0.20-1.30). AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease may be associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. However, more methodologically rigorous studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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110
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Luo ZC, Fraser WD, Julien P, Deal CL, Audibert F, Smith GN, Xiong X, Walker M. Tracing the origins of “fetal origins” of adult diseases: Programming by oxidative stress? Med Hypotheses 2006; 66:38-44. [PMID: 16198060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Too small size at birth (due to poor fetal growth and/or preterm delivery) has been associated with substantially elevated risks of the metabolic syndrome (dislipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension), type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The mechanisms of such "fetal origins" or "programming" of disease phenomenon remain unresolved. Too large size at birth seems also associated with an increased risk. Many known or suspected causes of or conditions associated with adverse (poor or excessive) fetal growth or preterm birth have been associated with oxidative stress. Plausibly, oxidative stress may be a common link underlying the superficial "programming" associations between adverse fetal growth or preterm birth and elevated risks of certain chronic diseases. The mechanisms of oxidative stress programming may be through directly modulating gene expression or indirectly through the effects of certain oxidized molecules. Experimental investigations have well demonstrated the role of redox balance in modulating gene expression, and recent studies indicate that both the insulin functional axis and blood pressure could be sensitive targets to oxidative stress programming. Adverse programming may occur without affecting fetal growth, but more frequently among low birth weight infants merely because they more frequently experienced known or unknown conditions with oxidative insults. As oxidative stress levels are easily modifiable during pregnancy and early postnatal periods (which are plausible critical windows), the hypothesis, if proved valid, will suggest new measures that could be very helpful on fighting the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there are several ongoing large randomized trials of antioxidant supplementation to counter oxidative stress during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia. It would be invaluable if long-term follow-ups of infants born to women in such trials could be realized to test the oxidative stress programming hypothesis in such experimental trial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneocology, Sainte Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Room-4981, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Que. Canada H3T 1C5.
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111
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Merchant T, Kiehna E, Li C, Shukla H, Xiong X, Gajjar A, Mulhern R. Modeling Radiation Dosimetry to Predict Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with CNS Embryonal Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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112
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Hartley K, Li C, Laningham F, Xiong X, Merchant T. Vertebral Body Growth after Craniospinal Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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113
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Li P, Li H, Stagnitti F, Wang X, Zhang H, Gong Z, Liu W, Xiong X, Li L, Austin C, Barry DA. Biodegradation of pyrene and phenanthrene in soil using immobilized fungi Fusarium sp. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 75:443-50. [PMID: 16385948 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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114
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Xiong X, Erives H, Xiong S, Xie X, Esposito J, Sun J, Barnes W. Performance of Terra MODIS solar diffuser and solar diffuser stability monitor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1117/12.615334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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115
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Abstract
The problems caused by contaminated surface water have gradually become more serious in recent years. Although various remediation technologies were investigated, unfortunately, no efficient method was developed. In this paper, a new bioremediation technology was studied using Micrococcus roseus, which was immobilized in porous spherical beads by an improved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - sodium alginate (SA) embedding method. The experimental results indicated that COD removal rate could reach 64.7 % within 72 hours when immobilized M. roseus beads were used, which was ten times as high as that of free cells. The optimum inoculation rate of immobilized M. roseus beads was 10 % (mass percent of the beads in water sample, g g(-1)). Suitable aeration was proved necessary to enhance the bioremediation process. The immobilized cells had an excellent tolerance to pH and temperature changes, and were also more resistant to heavy metal stress compared with free cells. The immobilized M. roseus beads had an excellent regeneration capacity and could be reused after 180-day continuous usage. The Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the bead microstructure was suitable for M. roseus growth, however, some defect structures should still be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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116
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Xiong X, Wightkin J, Magnus JH, Pridjian G, Acuna J, Buekens P. 159: Birth Weight and Infant Growth: ‘Catch-up’ Versus ‘Slow-Down’ Growth. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s40b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - J Wightkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Jtte H Magnus
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - G Pridjian
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - J Acuna
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - P Buekens
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
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117
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118
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Merchant T, Kiehna E, Kun L, Mulhern R, Li C, Xiong X, Boop F, Sanford R. Phase II trial of conformal radiation therapy for pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma and correlation of radiation dosimetry with change in cognitive function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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119
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Xiong X, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Li P, Wang X, Liu W, Allinson M, Turoczy N, Peterson J. Cadmium contamination of soils of the Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area, China: an historical perspective. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 73:270-275. [PMID: 15386039 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Pollution Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 417, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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120
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Mulhern RK, Khan R, Kaplan S, Xiong X, Wu S, Helton S, Brown R, Bonner M, Christensen R, Reddick W. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate for attentional problems in survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Mulhern
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - R. Khan
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S. Kaplan
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - X. Xiong
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S. Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - S. Helton
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - R. Brown
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - M. Bonner
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - R. Christensen
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - W. Reddick
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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121
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Merchant TE, Kiehna EN, Mulhern RK, Kun LE, Wu S, Xiong X, Williams T, Gajjar A, Boop FA, Sanford RA. Results from a phase II trial of conformal radiation therapy for pediatric patients with localized low-grade astrocytoma and quantification of radiation-related CNS effects. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. N. Kiehna
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - L. E. Kun
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - S. Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - X. Xiong
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - T. Williams
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - A. Gajjar
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - F. A. Boop
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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122
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Xiong X, Li P, Stagnitti F, Turoczy N, Allinson G, Sherwood J, LeBlanc M. Speciation of heavy metals in sewage irrigated pastures. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 73:71-76. [PMID: 15386074 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 417, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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123
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Lienemann J, Greiner A, Korvink JG, Xiong X, Hanein Y, Böhringer KF. Modeling, Simulation, and Experimentation of a Promising New Packaging Technology: Parallel Fluidic Self-Assembly of Microdevices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/seup.200390012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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124
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Xiong X, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Murray F, Wang X, Liang R, Peterson J. Effects of simultaneous exposure to atmospheric sulfur dioxide and heavy metals on the yield and metal content of soybean grain (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:1005-10. [PMID: 14705662 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-8996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Pollution Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Post Office Box 417, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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125
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Bosley C, Smith J, Baratti P, Pritchard D, Xiong X, Li C, Merchant T. A phase III trial comparing an anionic phospholipid-based (APP) cream and aloe vera-based gel in the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)01404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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126
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Stagnitti F, Villiers N, Parlange JY, Steenhuis TS, de Rooij GH, Li L, Barry DA, Xiong X, Li P. Solute and contaminant transport in heterogeneous soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:737-745. [PMID: 14672126 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Stagnitti
- School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia
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127
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study prevalence, risk factors, and birth outcomes of women with anemia during pregnancy in a Chinese population. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed based on 16936 pregnancies delivered between January 1989 and December 1990 in Suzhou, China. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin less than 10 g/dl. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, and to control for confounding variables. RESULTS The prevalence of anemia was 10.3% at the first trimester, 18.9% at the third trimester. Overall, 26.2% pregnant women experienced anemia in pregnancy. Anemia during early pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, anemia in later pregnancy was inversely associated with preterm birth and low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS Anemia during pregnancy does not increase the risk of poor birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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128
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Xiong X, Allinson G, Stagnitti F, Peterson J. Metal contamination of soils in the Shenyang Zhangshi irrigation area. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:935-941. [PMID: 12719818 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Post Office Box 423, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia
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129
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Xiong X, Wang Z, Zhao S. [Relationship of age, sex, body weight, smoking, blood lipids and fibrinolytic activities in healthy subjects]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 24:65-7. [PMID: 11938745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Relationship of plasma activities of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) with age, sex, body weight, smoking, blood lipids were studied in 131 healthy subjects. The results demonstrated that plasma PAI-1 activity increased with age and body weight. PAI-1/t-PA ratio was higher in smoking than in non-smoking subjects. With multivariate analyses, plasma PAI-1 activity was positively correlated with age, body weight index(BMI) in males, and positively correlated with low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL) in females, and negatively correlated with plasma tPA activity. Plasma triglyceride, high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol did not show a correlation to PAI-1 or tPA activity. It is indicated that age, BMI, blood lipids may contribute to moderate fibrinolytic activities and that smoking may affect fibrinolytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011
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130
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Merchant T, Gould C, Xiong X, Robbins N, Zhu J, Pritchard D, Khan R, Heideman R, Krasin M, Kun L. Early neuro-otologic effects of three-dimensional irradiation in children with primary brain tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(02)03404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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131
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Zhu J, Xiong X, Zhao S, Wang Z, Lou L, Hang Q. [Plasma Lp (a) levels and correlation of Lp (a) with fibrinolysis activation in chronic renal failure]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 24:366-8. [PMID: 12080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Plasma Lp (a) concentration and activation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) were determined in 50 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and in 50 healthy subjects. The results demonstrated that plasma concentration of Lp(a) was significantly higher and plasma t-PA activation was significantly lower in CRF patients than in healthy subjects. With multivariate analyses, plasma Lp(a) concentration was positively correlated with the total amount of 24 h uric protein, plasma BUN and uric protein concentration. Moreover, a negative significant correlation between plasma Lp(a) levels and t-PA activation was observed. Plasma Lp(a) levels did not show a correlation to PAI-1 activation. It is indicated that renal function may contribute to moderate plasma Lp(a) concentration and elevated Lp(a) levels may be related with fibrinolytic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Department of Kidney Internal Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011
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132
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Xiong X, Saunders LD, Wang FL, Davidge ST, Buekens P. Preeclampsia and cerebral palsy in low-birth-weight and preterm infants: implications for the current "ischemic model" of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2002; 20:1-13. [PMID: 12044309 DOI: 10.1081/prg-100104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of the prevailing hypotheses for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is the "ischemic model." It assumes that reduced uteroplacental perfusion is the primary step and the point of convergence of diverse pathogenic processes in the development of preeclampsia. One might expect a fetus under such "ischemic conditions" to be at an increased risk of later development of cerebral palsy (CP). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal preeclampsia increases the risk of CP in preterm and low-birth-weight infants. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed based on published articles identified by searching computerized databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, Biological Abstracts, and Dissertation Abstracts) from 1966 through 1999. Ten observational studies on the association between preeclampsia and CP were identified based on prespecified inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of eligible articles. Odds ratios (OR) of CP for preeclampsia from individual studies were pooled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cerebral palsy. RESULTS In case-control studies, preeclampsia was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of CP [pooled adjusted OR, 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.81; p < 0.01). In cohort studies, preeclampsia was associated with a nonstatistically significant reduced risk of CP (pooled OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.35-2.41; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preeclampsia may be associated with a decreased risk of CP in preterm and low-birth-weight infants. This challenges the currently held belief that reduced uteroplacental perfusion is the unique pathophysiological process in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Perinatal Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
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133
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Abstract
We test a hypothesis that fractionated radiation therapy within a therapeutic dose range is associated with a dose-related change in normal brain, detectable by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 33 patients were examined by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain tissue spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) before treatment, and at various times during and after radiation therapy. A T1 map was generated at each time point, and radiation therapy isodose contours were superimposed on the corresponding segmented T1 map. Changes in white matter and gray matter T1 were analyzed as a function of radiation therapy dose and time since treatment, controlling for patient age and tumor site. In white matter, a dose level of more than 20 Gy was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in T1 over time, which became significant 6 months after treatment. There was no significant change in T1 of gray matter over time, at radiation therapy doses of less than 60 Gy. However, GM in close proximity to the tumor had a lower T1 before therapy. Our results represent the first radiation dose-response data derived from pediatric brain in vivo. These findings confirm that white matter is more vulnerable to radiation-induced change than is gray matter, and suggest that T1 mapping is sensitive to radiation-related changes over a broad dose range (20 to 60 Gy). Human white matter T1 is not sensitive to radiation therapy of less than 20 Gy, and gray matter T1 is unchanged over the dose range used to treat human brain tumor. The reduction of gray matter T1 near the tumor could result from compression of cortical parenchyma near the growing tumor mass, or from tumor cell invasion directly into the parenchyma. If brain T1 is a surrogate for radiation effect, reducing the volume of normal white matter receiving more than 20 Gy could be an important treatment planning goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Steen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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134
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study prevalence, risk factors, and maternal and infant outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed based on 111563 pregnancies delivered between 1991 through 1997 in 39 hospitals in northern and central Alberta, Canada. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, and to control for confounding variables. RESULTS The prevalence of GDM was 2.5%. Risk factors for GDM included age >35 years, obesity, history of prior neonatal death, and prior cesarean section. Teenage mothers and women who drank alcohol were less likely to have GDM. Mothers with GDM were at increased risk of presenting with pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, cesarean section, and preterm delivery. Infants born to mothers with GDM were at higher risk of being macrosomic or large-for-gestational-age. CONCLUSIONS Specific conditions predispose to GDM which itself is associated with a significantly increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laval University, City, Quebec, Canada.
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135
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Xiong X, Stagnitti F, Peterson J, Allinson G, Turoczy N. Heavy metal contamination of pasture soils by irrigated municipal sewage. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 67:535-540. [PMID: 11779068 DOI: 10.1007/s001280156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
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136
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Miller SL, Hoffer FA, Reddick WE, Wu S, Glass JO, Gronemeyer SA, Haliloglu M, Nikanorov AY, Xiong X, Pappo AS. Tumor volume or dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for prediction of clinical outcome of Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Pediatr Radiol 2001; 31:518-23. [PMID: 11486808 DOI: 10.1007/s002470100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of risk factors that predict poor clinical outcome at the time of diagnosis could lead to intensified early therapy and improved outcome for pediatric patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of static magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements of tumor volume with variables obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DEMRI) in predicting ESFT outcome. METHODS MR examinations that included DEMRI were retrospectively reviewed. The analyses included 45 examinations of 21 patients with ESFT (performed from 1992 to 1996). Tumor volumes were measured on the static MR images, and the regions of interest were selected for DEMRI analysis. The relationships of static MR imaging and DEMRI variables with the probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined. RESULTS Larger tumor volume at the time of diagnosis predicted poorer PFS and DFS estimates. No DEMRI variable predicted outcome. CONCLUSION Determination of tumor volume by static MR imaging at the time of diagnosis is a simple and reliable method of predicting the clinical outcome of patients with ESFT. DEMRI is not as reliable a technique as static MR imaging for predicting the outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Miller
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105-2794, USA
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137
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Xu X, Sumita K, Feng C, Xiong X, Shen H, Maruyama S, Kanoh M, Asano Y. Down-regulation of IL-12 p40 gene in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Immunol 2001; 167:235-41. [PMID: 11418654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the mechanism that causes suppression of IL-12 p40 gene induction during Plasmodium berghei infection. Although IL-12 together with IFN-gamma plays an important role in protection against pathogenic infection, the IL-12 p70 protein production of infected macrophages is lower than that by the uninfected macrophages. We showed in the present study that the induction of IL-12 p40 gene but not IL-12 p35 gene in macrophages of P. berghei-infected mice was profoundly inhibited. The inhibition was induced by interaction with macrophages that had contacted with P. berghei-infected erythrocytes and was mediated by a soluble factor, IL-10. There was comparable activation of NF-kappaB in uninfected and infected cells. The induction of IFN-regulatory factor-1 gene was comparable in transcription level in uninfected and infected cells, while the unidentified complex formation of IFN-regulatory factor-1 was observed in infected cells. Therefore, the inhibition of the IL-12 p40 gene induction appeared to be regulated at transcriptional regulation level of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Department of Immunology and Host Defenses, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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138
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Reddick WE, Wang S, Xiong X, Glass JO, Wu S, Kaste SC, Pratt CB, Meyer WH, Fletcher BD. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of regional contrast access as an additional prognostic factor in pediatric osteosarcoma. Cancer 2001; 91:2230-7. [PMID: 11413510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this article was to evaluate the utility of a pharmacokinetically modeled measure of regional contrast access, based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies after preoperative chemotherapy, as a predictor of disease free survival in osteosarcoma. METHODS The kinetic parameters of a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of MRI contrast agent accumulation were analyzed in relation to disease free survival in 31 patients who received protocol-based therapy for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities. The modeled exchange rate of contrast between the plasma and the tumor extravascular extracellular fluid space served as a measure of regional contrast access. The prognostic impact of both the clinically accepted standard of histologic evaluation of tumor necrosis and the regional contrast access were analyzed with tumor size as an influential factor. RESULTS Although the histologic grade of response was not a statistically significant prognostic factor in these patients (P = 0.884), regional contrast access after preoperative chemotherapy was significantly predictive of disease free survival (P = 0.035) in the Cox proportional hazards model. Lower regional access before surgery and smaller tumor size were associated with a better treatment outcome. Log-rank analyses of Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the impact of regional access was most pronounced in patients with larger tumors (P = 0.052). Higher regional access at presentation also was associated significantly with greater decreases during therapy. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic MRI estimates of regional contrast access after preoperative chemotherapy, when combined with tumor size, holds promise for the early identification of patients at risk of recurrence. The availability of such response predictors could facilitate the development of risk-adapted treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Reddick
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA.
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139
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Xiong X, Wang G, Yang C, Yu Q. [Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 70 cases]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:267-8. [PMID: 12541779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elevate the effect of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and minimize the postoperative complications. METHOD The data of 70 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome diagnosed with polysomnography were analyzed. RESULT 15 cases (21%) reported unchanged snoring and apnea and hyponea index. 55 cases improved after UPPP for at least 6 months. The complications included hypertensive crisis (2 cases), respiratory embarrassment (4 cases) in period of paretic UPPP. After UPPP, The complications included local hemorrhage (1 case), wound dehiscence (2 cases), temporal velopalatal insufficiency (9 cases), one had suffocation after extraction of endotracheal tube. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the strategies of improving the effect and avoiding the complications include: Excision of the lateral pharyngeal wall in retropalatal region and fat tissue in soft palate. Protection of palatosalpingeus and palatostaphylinus. Part preservation of uvula. Confirmation of the obstructive region. Choice of the anesthesia and preventive tracheotomy. Modified tracheotomy were safe and convenient when exchanging trachea canula.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022
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140
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Xiong X, Lim BA, Lat-Luna M, Chew P, Tan D. Quantitation of mitomycin C in human ocular tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 755:65-72. [PMID: 11393734 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A chromatographic method, which can quantitate mitomycin C (MMC) along with two antiglaucoma drugs, is described. The separation of MMC, alphagan and timolol was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column with water-methanol-trifluoroacetic acid (65:35:0.01, v/v) as the mobile phase. By monitoring at 360, 248 and 296 nm, the lower limits of detection for MMC, alphagan and timolol are, respectively, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 ng (injection amount) at three-time S/N ratio. The dynamic ranges of quantitation for the three drugs are, respectively, 1.0 ng-10.0 microg, 2.0 ng-10.0 microg and 5.0 ng-10.0 microg with linearity being larger than 0.9960. This method was applied to the determination of MMC levels in Tenon's and trabeculum tissues of 10 glaucoma patients. MMC levels in these tissues, which were obtained from glaucoma filtering surgery, were determined following a multiple extraction with methanol. The recovery of MMC for a two-batch extraction was better than 91.2%. The reproducibility of measurement for the MMC levels in these tissues is 2.5-6.0% RSD for triplicate injections. The intra-day variation of retention times for the MMC peaks was less than 1.6% RSD (n=3). The inter-day variation of retention times for the MMC peaks was less than 4.8% RSD (n=3). MMC was detectable in three trabeculum tissues out of 10 cases (ranging from 0.8 to 25.5 ng/mg specimen), while MMC was detected in nine Tenon's tissues out of 10 cases (ranging from 0.3 to 21.1 ng/mg specimen). The results obtained show that the method is sensitive and selective for the quantitation of MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
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141
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Sen N, Simmons WJ, Thomas RM, Erianne G, Zhang DJ, Jaeggli NS, Huang C, Xiong X, Tsiagbe VK, Ponzio NM, Thorbecke GJ. META-controlled env-initiated transcripts encoding superantigens of murine Mtv29 and Mtv7 and their possible role in B cell lymphomagenesis. J Immunol 2001; 166:5422-9. [PMID: 11313379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous germinal center (GC)-derived B cell lymphomas of SJL mice (RCS) transcribe a 1.8-kb Mtv-29 mRNA under control of the META-env promoter. The encoded vSAg29 stimulates syngeneic Vbeta16(+) CD4(+) T cells, thereby acquiring T cell help necessary for RCS growth. Other strains of B cell lymphoma-prone mice include Mtv29(+) C57L and MA/MyJ, and the Mtv29(-) Mtv7(+)-recombinant inbred strain, SW x J-1. The lymphomas of these mice produce similar mouse mtv-vSAg-encoding mRNA, as characterized by Northern blotting, PCR, and RNase protection. A 1.8-kb mRNA in C57L/J and MA/MyJ lymphomas hybridized with an Mtv29-specific oligonucleotide, whereas SW x J-1 lymphomas produced 1.8-kb transcripts hybridizing with an Mtv7-specific oligonucleotide. Similar META-env-initiated transcripts were absent from LPS-activated B cells from any strain examined but were detected in Peyer's patch RNA from SJL mice. Like typical SJL-derived RCS, all these lymphomas stimulated syngeneic CD4(+) T cells and Vbeta16(+) T hybridoma cells. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumors showed the presence of peanut agglutinin binding (PNA(+)) highly mitotic lymphoblasts, suggesting their GC derivation. The findings indicate that this novel mRNA for Mtv29 is present in B cell lymphomas from several Mtv29(+) mouse strains. Additionally, this is the first description of the ability of Mtv7 to produce transcripts that are controlled and spliced identically to those of Mtv29 and that are expressed in SW x J-1, I-A(s+), lymphomas that also stimulate Vbeta16(+) T cells. Our results suggest an important role for mouse mtv-vSAgs and Vbeta16 T cell stimulation in the development of GC-derived murine B cell lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Crosses, Genetic
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/immunology
- Female
- Genes, env/immunology
- Hybridomas
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Retroviridae Infections/genetics
- Retroviridae Infections/immunology
- Retroviridae Infections/pathology
- Species Specificity
- Superantigens/genetics
- Superantigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sen
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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142
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Chen R, Kim O, Li M, Xiong X, Guan JL, Kung HJ, Chen H, Shimizu Y, Qiu Y. Regulation of the PH-domain-containing tyrosine kinase Etk by focal adhesion kinase through the FERM domain. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:439-44. [PMID: 11331870 DOI: 10.1038/35074500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Etk/BMX, a member of the Btk family of tyrosine kinases, is highly expressed in cells with great migratory potential, including endothelial cells and metastatic carcinoma cell lines. Here, we present evidence that Etk is involved in integrin signalling and promotes cell migration. The activation of Etk by extracellular matrix proteins is regulated by FAK through an interaction between the PH domain of Etk and the FERM domain of FAK. The lack of Etk activation by extracellular matrix in FAK-null cells could be restored by co-transfection with wild-type FAK. Disrupting the interaction between Etk and FAK diminished the cell migration promoted by either kinase. Furthermore, inhibiting Etk expression in metastatic carcinoma cell lines with an antisense oligonucleotide blocks integrin-mediated migration of these cells. Taken together, our data indicate the essential role of the interaction of the PH domain of Etk and the FERM domain of FAK in integrin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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143
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Das K, Xiong X, Yang H, Westland CE, Gibbs CS, Sarafianos SG, Arnold E. Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC). J Virol 2001; 75:4771-9. [PMID: 11312349 PMCID: PMC114232 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.10.4771-4779.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Success in treating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with nucleoside analog drugs like lamivudine is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains upon prolonged therapy. The predominant lamivudine resistance mutations in HBV-infected patients are Met552IIe and Met552Val (Met552Ile/Val), frequently in association with a second mutation, Leu528Met. The effects of Leu528Met, Met552Ile, and Met552Val mutations on the binding of HBV polymerase inhibitors and the natural substrate dCTP were evaluated using an in vitro HBV polymerase assay. Susceptibility to lamivudine triphosphate (3TCTP), emtricitabine triphosphate (FTCTP), adefovir diphosphate, penciclovir triphosphate, and lobucavir triphosphate was assessed by determination of inhibition constants (K(i)). Recognition of the natural substrate, dCTP, was assessed by determination of Km values. The results from the in vitro studies were as follows: (i) dCTP substrate binding was largely unaffected by the mutations, with Km changing moderately, only in a range of 0.6 to 2.6-fold; (ii) K(i)s for 3TCTP and FTCTP against Met552Ile/Val mutant HBV polymerases were increased 8- to 30-fold; and (iii) the Leu528Met mutation had a modest effect on direct binding of these beta-L-oxathiolane ring-containing nucleotide analogs. A three-dimensional homology model of the catalytic core of HBV polymerase was constructed via extrapolation from retroviral reverse transcriptase structures. Molecular modeling studies using the HBV polymerase homology model suggested that steric hindrance between the mutant amino acid side chain and lamivudine or emtricitabine could account for the resistance phenotype. Specifically, steric conflict between the Cgamma2-methyl group of Ile or Val at position 552 in HBV polymerase and the sulfur atom in the oxathiolane ring (common to both beta-L-nucleoside analogs lamivudine and emtricitabine) is proposed to account for the resistance observed upon Met552Ile/Val mutation. The effects of the Leu528Met mutation, which also occurs near the HBV polymerase active site, appeared to be less direct, potentially involving rearrangement of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate-binding pocket residues. These modeling results suggest that nucleotide analogs that are beta-D-enantiomers, that have the sulfur replaced by a smaller atom, or that have modified or acyclic ring systems may retain activity against lamivudine-resistant mutants, consistent with the observed susceptibility of these mutants to adefovir, lobucavir, and penciclovir in vitro and adefovir in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Das
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 088854, USA
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144
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Thompson SJ, Leigh L, Christensen R, Xiong X, Kun LE, Heideman RL, Reddick WE, Gajjar A, Merchant T, Pui CH, Hudson MM, Mulhern RK. Immediate neurocognitive effects of methylphenidate on learning-impaired survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:1802-8. [PMID: 11251012 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.6.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test if methylphenidate (MPH) has an objective beneficial effect on immediate performance on tests of neurocognitive functions among learning-impaired survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant brain tumors (BT). PATIENTS AND METHODS From July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1998, 104 long-term survivors of childhood ALL or a malignant BT completed neurocognitive screening for learning impairments and concurrent problems with sustained attention. Eligibility criteria for the MPH trial included an estimated intelligence quotient greater than 50, academic achievement in the 16(th) percentile or lower for age in reading, math, or spelling, and an ability to sustain attention on a computerized version of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in the 16(th) percentile or lower for age and sex. Of the 104, 32 (BT, n = 25; ALL, n = 7) were eligible on the basis of these a priori criteria for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of MPH. The patients ingested a placebo (lactose) or MPH (0.6 mg/kg; 20 mg maximum) and repeated selected portions of the screening battery 90 minutes later. RESULTS Compared to the 17 patients randomized to the placebo group, the 15 patients randomized to the MPH group had a significantly greater improvement on the CPT for sustained attention (errors of omission, P =.015) and overall index (P =.008) but not for errors of commission (indicative of impulsiveness) nor reaction times. A trend for greater improvement in the MPH group on a measure of verbal memory failed to reach statistical significance. No trend was observed for MPH effectiveness in improving learning of a word association task. No significant side effects from MPH were observed. CONCLUSION MPH resulted in a statistically significant improvement on measures of attention abilities that cannot be explained by placebo or practice effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Thompson
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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145
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Acland RH, Anthony A, Inglis GS, Walton DI, Xiong X. Methylprednisolone use in acute spinal cord injury. N Z Med J 2001; 114:99. [PMID: 11297147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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146
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Abstract
To determine the relationship between maternal anemia [hemoglobin (Hgb) < 10-11 g/dL] and various birth outcomes, a meta-analysis was conducted based on published literature identified by MEDLINE and manual search from 1966 through 1999. Odds ratios (OR) from selected studies were pooled according to the gestational age at anemia diagnosis. The meta-analysis shows that maternal anemia during early pregnancy was associated with slightly increased preterm birth [pooled adjusted OR (aOR): 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.74], and nonstatistically significant increased low birth weight [pooled aOR: 1.39 (0.70-2.74)], and was not associated with fetal growth restriction [pooled aOR: 1.01 (0.73-1.38)]. However, there was a nonstatistically significant inverse relationship between anemia during late pregnancy and preterm birth [pooled aOR: 0.92 (0.54-1.84)] and low birth weight [pooled aOR: 0.80 (0.64-1.00)]. Anemia was not statistically significantly associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy regardless of stage of pregnancy [pooled OR: 0.80 (0.53-1.20)]. The relationship between anemia and perinatal mortality was inconclusive. A few studies indicated that severe maternal anemia (Hgb < 8-8.5 g/dL) was associated with increased risk of poor outcomes. We conclude that early pregnancy anemia is associated with slightly increased risk of preterm birth. The trend toward an inverse association of anemia determined during late pregnancy with preterm birth and low birth weight may reflect the benefit of plasma volume expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Perinatal Research Center and the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Canada
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147
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Steen RG, Koury B S M, Granja CI, Xiong X, Wu S, Glass JO, Mulhern RK, Kun LE, Merchant TE. Effect of ionizing radiation on the human brain: white matter and gray matter T1 in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with conformal radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49:79-91. [PMID: 11163500 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test a hypothesis that fractionated radiation therapy (RT) to less than 60 Gy is associated with a dose-related change in the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of normal brain tissue, and that such changes are detectable by quantitative MRI (qMRI). METHODS Each of 21 patients received a qMRI examination before treatment, and at several time points during and after RT. A map of brain T1 was calculated and segmented into white matter and gray matter at each time point. The RT isodose contours were then superimposed upon the T1 map, and changes in brain tissue T1 were analyzed as a function of radiation dose and time following treatment. We used a mixed-model analysis to analyze the longitudinal trend in brain T1 from the start of RT to 1 year later. Predictive factors evaluated included patient age and clinical variables, such as RT dose, time since treatment, and the use of an imaging contrast agent. RESULTS In white matter (WM), a dose level of greater than 20 Gy was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in T1 over time, which became significant about 3 months following treatment. In gray matter (GM), there was no significant change in T1 over time, as a function of RT doses < 60 Gy. However, GM in close proximity to the tumor had an inherently lower T1 before therapy. Neither use of a contrast agent nor a combination of chemotherapy plus steroids had a significant effect on brain T1. CONCLUSION Results suggest that T1 mapping may be sensitive to radiation-related changes in human brain tissue T1. WM T1 appears to be unaffected by RT at doses less than approximately 20 Gy; GM T1 does not change at doses less than 60 Gy. However, tumor appears to have an effect upon adjacent GM, even before treatment. Conformal RT may offer a substantial benefit to the patient, by minimizing the volume of normal brain exposed to greater than 20 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Steen
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA.
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148
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Xu J, Xiong X, Yu H, Xi J, Bu Y, Jin C. [The effect of methylenum coeruleum in laparoscope cholecystectomy]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 38:756-7. [PMID: 11832156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To help the operator correctly judge in operation the cystic gall duct and choledoch, and eliminate the operation wound. METHODS To divide laparoscope cholecystectomy patients with the same weight at the same period into two groups: development group (589 cases) using methylenum coeruleum and conducting cholecysto-puncture visualization during the operation in which colors of cholecyst, cystic gall duct and choledoch turn blue; comparative group (553 cases) using regular laparoscope cholecystectomy. RESULTS The two groups differed remarkably in operation time, complication, and transferring rate (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Methylenum coeruleum development technology in operation is a kind of visualization to help the operator judge in operation Calot triangular anatomy construction correctly, reduce the operation time obviously, and increase the rate of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of General Surgery, 455th Hospital, People's Liberation Army, Shanghai 200052, China
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149
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Tang Y, Yamada K, Kanou Y, Miyazaki T, Xiong X, Kambe F, Murata Y, Seo H, Nabeshima T. Spatiotemporal expression of BDNF in the hippocampus induced by the continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of beta-amyloid in rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 80:188-97. [PMID: 11038251 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) is the major component of senile plaques found in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its neurotoxic properties in vivo, however, are not well defined. Since the expression of neurotrophin genes is considered an important component of the intrinsic neuroprotective response to insults, we analyzed the gene expression of neurotrophins in the brains of rats which received a continuous infusion of Abeta-(1-42) into the cerebroventricle. Northern blot analysis revealed a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus but no change in the cerebral cortices. The alteration peaked on days 3-7 and returned to the basal level on day 14 after the start of Abeta-(1-42) infusion. No significant changes in nerve growth factor or neurotrophin-3 mRNA expression were observed. The infusion of Abeta-(1-40) and (25-35) also triggered the expression of BDNF mRNA, whereas neither Abeta-(40-1) nor (1-16) had any effect. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the expression mainly occurred in the hilus and granular layer of the dentate gyrus and to a lesser extent in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region. These results demonstrate that the continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of Abeta induces selective and spatiotemporal expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, 466-8560, Nagoya, Japan
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150
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Reddick WE, Russell JM, Glass JO, Xiong X, Mulhern RK, Langston JW, Merchant TE, Kun LE, Gajjar A. Subtle white matter volume differences in children treated for medulloblastoma with conventional or reduced dose craniospinal irradiation. Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 18:787-93. [PMID: 11027871 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(00)00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and approximately seventy percent of average-risk patients will achieve long-term survival. Craniospinal irradiation (CSI), combined with chemotherapy and surgery, is currently the mainstay of treatment but places children who survive at risk for serious neurocognitive sequelae. These sequelae are intensified with a younger age at treatment, greater elapsed time following treatment, and an increased radiation dose. Many newer treatment approaches have attempted to address this problem by reducing the dose of the CSI component of radiation therapy while maintaining the current survival rates. This study evaluates longitudinal MR imaging during therapy to assess the impact of the two CSI doses (conventional [36 Gy] and reduced [23.4 Gy]) on normal appearing white matter volumes (NAWMV) evaluated in a single index slice. Twenty-six children and young adults at least three years of age enrolled on an institutional protocol for newly diagnosed, previously untreated primary medulloblastoma had at least four MR examinations over a minimum nine month period following CSI. These serial volumes were evaluated as a function of time since CSI in three analyses: 1) all subjects, 2) subjects stratified by age at CSI, and 3) subjects stratified by CSI dose. The first analysis demonstrated that medulloblastoma patients treated with CSI have a significant loss of NAWMV in contradistiction to normally expected maturation. Stratifying the patients by age at CSI found no significant differences in the rate of NAWMV loss. The final analysis stratified the patients by CSI dose and revealed that the rate of NAWMV loss was 23% slower in children receiving reduced-dose. Serial quantitative MR measures of NAWMV may provide a neuroanatomical substrate for assessing functional impact of CSI on normal brain function following treatment for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Reddick
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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