101
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Zhang W, Cao X, Chen D, Wang J, Yang H, Moahapatra S, Hellermann G, Kong X, Lockey R, Moahapatra S. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Signaling Plays a Critical Role in Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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102
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Zolla-Pazner S, Kong X, Cardozo T, Hioe C, Cohen S, Jiang X, Gorny MK, Totrov M, Pinter A, Krachmarov C, Seaman MS, Wang S, Lu S. P04-09. Induction of cross-clade neutralizing antibodies with a prime/boost vaccine strategy focused on a neutralizing epitope. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767881 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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103
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Almond D, Kimura T, Kong X, Swetnam J, Zolla-Pazner S, Cardozo T. P19-21. Sequence variability in the crown of the V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope is clustered within a small 3D structural zone. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767850 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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104
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Jiang X, Totrov M, Sampson J, Williams C, Gorny MK, Zollla-Pazner S, Kong X. P04-42. Molecular design of a mimotope that preserves conserved structural elements of the HIV-1 V3 crown. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767974 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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105
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Tobias B, Kong X, Liang T, Spear A, Domier CW, Luhmann NC, Classen IGJ, Boom JE, van de Pol MJ, Jaspers R, Donné AJH, Park HK, Munsat T. Advancements in electron cyclotron emission imaging demonstrated by the TEXTOR ECEI diagnostic upgrade. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:093502. [PMID: 19791937 DOI: 10.1063/1.3233913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new TEXTOR electron cyclotron emission imaging system has been developed and employed, providing a diagnostic with new features and enhanced capabilities when compared to the legacy system it replaces. Optical coupling to the plasma has been completely redesigned, making use of new minilens arrays for reduced optical aberration and providing the new feature of vertical zoom, whereby the vertical coverage is now remotely adjustable on a shot-by-shot basis from 20-35 cm. Other innovations, such as the implementation of stacked quasioptical planar notch filters, allow for the diagnostic to be operated without interruption or degradation in performance during electron cyclotron resonance heating. Successful commissioning of the new diagnostic and a demonstration of the improved capabilities are presented in this paper, along with a discussion of the new technologies employed.
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106
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Kong X, Wang S. SU-FF-T-230: Clinical Implementation of the First RapidArc Treatment Within MOSAIQ Environment: Dosimetric Validation and QA Considerations. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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107
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Chauchard M, Rousselot P, Kong X, Casanova JL, Fieschi C. Défaut partiel dominant de la première chaîne du récepteur de l’interféron-gamma diagnostiqué lors d’une pneumocystose à l’âge adulte. Rev Med Interne 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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108
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Kong X, Meek P, Shevlin B, Wang S. SU-FF-T-676: First RapidArc Treatment Within the MOSAIQ Environment: Implementation, Procedure Time Frame and Clinic Flow. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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109
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Kong X, Zhang W, Jena P, Lockey R, Mohapatra S. Natriuretic Peptide Signaling Pathway Involvement In Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Of Lung Epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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110
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Wu Y, Liu X, Hou S, Wang J, Liu Y, Kong X. An intronic SNP of <i>PPARG</i> and its association with fat traits in four meat-type duck populations (Brief report). Arch Anim Breed 2008. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-51-199-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Modern strains of ducks exhibit excessive body fat deposition, which is one of the main problems encountered by duck industry today. Excess fat deposition has led commercial breeders to incorporate significant selection for reduced body fatness in breeding programs. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily (SCHOONJANS et al., 1996). In particular peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and, consequently, in diseases that involve disturbances in lipid metabolism (obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiac failure) (VAN et al., 2002). Thus PPARG is a candidate gene for traits related to fat deposition.
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111
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Tang J, Wang J, Yang J, Kong X. Adenovirus-mediated stromal cell-derived- factor-1 gene transfer induces cardiac preservation after infarction via angiogenesis of CD133+ stem cells and anti-apoptosis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2008; 7:767-70. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2007.169896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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112
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Zhang P, Domier CW, Liang T, Kong X, Tobias B, Shen Z, Luhmann NC, Park H, Classen IGJ, van de Pol MJ, Donné AJH, Jaspers R. The next generation of electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostics (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:10F103. [PMID: 19044590 DOI: 10.1063/1.2967342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A 128 channel two-dimensional electron cyclotron emission imaging system collects time-resolved 16x8 images of T(e) profiles and fluctuations on the TEXTOR tokamak. Electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) is undergoing significant changes which promise to revolutionize and extend its capabilities far beyond what has been achieved to date. These include the development of a minilens array configuration with increased sensitivity antennas, a new local oscillator pumping scheme, enhanced electron cyclotron resonance heating shielding, and a highly flexible optical design with vertical zoom capability. Horizontal zoom and spot size (rf bandwidth) capabilities are also being developed with new ECEI electronics. An interface module is under development to remotely control all key features of the new ECEI instrument, many of which can be changed during a plasma discharge for maximum flexibility.
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113
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Gupta N, Kong X, Shukla H, Bose S, Weldon M, Mayr N, Lo S, Wang J, Li K, Zhang H. SU-GG-J-72: Development of Megavoltage Cone Beam Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) for Mini-Multileaf Collimator (mMLC) Based IMRT and Radiosurgery Applications. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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114
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Zhang H, Law A, Wang J, Li K, Gupta N, Zhang D, Kong X, Weldon M, Mayr N, Martin D, Meigooni A. SU-DD-A2-04: A Comparison of Doses Calculated by Commonly Used Algorithms in Eyeplaque Implant. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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115
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Gupta N, Weldon M, Kong X, Wang J, Zhang H, Li K. SU-EE-A1-03: A Study On the Use of Full-Field Non-Flat Beams for IMRT Treatment. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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116
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Kong X, Zhang H, Wang J, Li K, Gupta N. SU-GG-T-18: A Feasibility Study of HDR Source Strength Verification with EDR2 and X-V Films. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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117
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Li K, Kong X, Wang J, Gupta N, Weldon M, Zhang H, Zhang D, Mayr N. SU-GG-T-157: Commission of 2.5 Mm ModuLeaf MLC for Stereotactic Radiation Therapy. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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118
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Kong X, Han Z, Lesser E, Gozani S, Megerian J. 37. Single motor unit F-response time of arrival. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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119
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Spielmeyer W, Singh RP, McFadden H, Wellings CR, Huerta-Espino J, Kong X, Appels R, Lagudah ES. Fine scale genetic and physical mapping using interstitial deletion mutants of Lr34 /Yr18: a disease resistance locus effective against multiple pathogens in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:481-90. [PMID: 18074114 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Lr34/Yr18 locus has contributed to durable, non-race specific resistance against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Lr34/Yr18 also cosegregates with resistance to powdery mildew (Pm38) and a leaf tip necrosis phenotype (Ltn1). Using a high resolution mapping family from a cross between near-isogenic lines in the "Thatcher" background we demonstrated that Lr34/Yr18 also cosegregated with stem rust resistance in the field. Lr34/Yr18 probably interacts with unlinked genes to provide enhanced stem rust resistance in "Thatcher". In view of the relatively low levels of DNA polymorphism reported in the Lr34/Yr18 region, gamma irradiation of the single chromosome substitution line, Lalbahadur(Parula7D) that carries Lr34/Yr18 was used to generate several mutant lines. Characterisation of the mutants revealed a range of highly informative genotypes, which included variable size deletions and an overlapping set of interstitial deletions. The mutants enabled a large number of wheat EST derived markers to be mapped and define a relatively small physical region on chromosome 7DS that carried Lr34/Yr18. Fine scale genetic mapping confirmed the physical mapping and identified a genetic interval of less than 0.5 cM, which contained Lr34/Yr18. Both rice and Brachypodium genome sequences provided useful information for fine mapping of ESTs in wheat. Gene order was more conserved between wheat and Brachypodium than with rice but these smaller grass genomes did not reveal sequence information that could be used to identify a candidate gene for rust resistance in wheat. We predict that Lr34/Yr18 is located within a large insertion in wheat not found at syntenic positions in Brachypodium and rice.
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120
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An R, Li H, Han Z, Shao Y, Liu S, Kong X. The UL31 to UL35 gene sequences of Duck enteritis virus correspond to their homologs in herpes simplex virus 1. Acta Virol 2008; 52:23-30. [PMID: 18459832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five ORFs in the genome of Duck enteritis virus (DEV) corresponding to UL31, UL32, UL33, UL34, and UL35 genes of Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) were amplified by a modified "targeted gene walking" PCR, cloned, and sequenced. UL33, UL34, and UL35 genes were oriented from the left to the right of genome, while UL31 and UL32 had an opposite orientation. A comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of the DEV ORFs with their alphaherpesvirus homologs showed well-conserved regions except for the UL34 and UL35 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that DEV was closer to the genus Mardivirus than to any other genus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Based on this evidence, we proposed to assign DEV to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae.
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121
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Liu S, Kong X, Xie A, Shen Y, Zhu J, Li C, Zhang Q. A study of the fractal structure of the precipitate and the mechanism of its formation from the gallbladder bile of a patient. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024407120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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122
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Li L, Kong X, Liu H, Liu C. Systemic oxytocin and vasopressin excite gastrointestinal motility through oxytocin receptor in rabbits. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007; 19:839-44. [PMID: 17883435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of systemic oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) on the motility of stomach and duodenum. Two plastic balloons made of condom were inserted into stomach and duodenum to monitor the change of mean pressure. Intravenous injection of OT (0.1-0.8 microg kg(-1)) or VP (0.02-0.08 IU kg(-1)) dose-dependently increased the stomach and duodenum pressure. Pretreatment of atosiban (1 microg kg(-1)), the specific OT receptor (OTR) antagonist, attenuated the excitatory effect of OT or VP on the pressure of stomach and duodenum. Pretreatment of V1880 (1 microg kg(-1)), the specific V1 receptor blocker, did not influence this effect. So we conclude that both of OT and VP injected systemically increased the gastric and duodenum motility via OTR.
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123
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Kong X, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Guo J, Wang R, Zhang W, Zhang C, Yue C, Jia Z. Effect of dietary NDF levels on nutrient digestion
in hindgut of sheep. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2007. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/74477/2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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124
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Zhang H, Wang J, Mayr N, Kong X, Yuan J, Gupta N, Lo S, Grecular J, Montebello J, Martin D, Yuh W. TU-EE-A2-02: Fractionated Grid Therapy in Treating Cervical Cancers: Hypo-Fractionation Or Conventional Fractionation? Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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125
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Kajdacsy-Balla A, Geynisman JM, Macias V, Setty S, Nanaji NM, Berman JJ, Dobbin K, Melamed J, Kong X, Bosland M, Orenstein J, Bayerl J, Becich MJ, Dhir R, Datta MW. Practical aspects of planning, building, and interpreting tissue microarrays: The Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource experience. J Mol Histol 2007; 38:113-21. [PMID: 17318343 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of several new approaches developed at or adopted by the Cooperative Prostate Cancer Tissue Resource (CPCTR) to resolve issues involved in tissue microarray (TMA) construction and use. CPCTR developed the first needle biopsy TMA, allowing researchers to obtain 200 or more consecutive cancer sections from a single biopsy core. Using radiographs of original paraffin blocks to measure tissue thickness we developed a method to produce TMAs with a larger number of usable sections. The modular approach to plan TMA construction is also a novel concept wherein TMAs of different types, such as tumor grade TMAs, metastasis TMA and hormone refractory tumors TMA can be combined to form an ensemble of TMAs with expanded research utility, such as support for tumor progression studies. We also implemented an open access TMA Data Exchange Specification that allows TMA data to be organized in a self-describing XML document annotated with well-defined common data elements. It ensures inter-laboratory reproducibility because it offers information describing the preparation of TMA blocks and slides. There are many important aspects that may be missed by both beginners and experienced investigators in areas of TMA experimental design, human subjects protection, population sample size, selection of tumor areas to sample, strategies for saving tissues, choice of antibodies for immunohistochemistry, and TMA data management.
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126
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Moolhuijzen P, Dunn DS, Bellgard M, Carter M, Jia J, Kong X, Gill BS, Feuillet C, Breen J, Appels R. Wheat genome structure and function: genome sequence data and the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar06155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing and the associated bioinformatics is now a widely accepted research tool for accelerating genetic research and the analysis of genome structure and function of wheat because it leverages similar work from other crops and plants. The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium addresses the challenge of wheat genome structure and function and builds on the research efforts of Professor Bob McIntosh in the genetics of wheat. Currently, expressed sequence tags (ESTs; ~500 000 to date) are the largest sequence resource for wheat genome analyses. It is estimated that the gene coverage of the wheat EST collection is ~60%, close to that of Arabidopsis, indicating that ~40% of wheat genes are not represented in EST collections. The physical map of the D-genome donor species Aegilops tauschii is under construction (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/PhysicalMapping). The technologies developed in this analysis of the D genome provide a good model for the approach to the entire wheat genome, namely compiling BAC contigs, assigning these BAC contigs to addresses in a high resolution genetic map, filling in gaps to obtain the entire physical length of a chromosome, and then large-scale sequencing.
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127
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Kong X, Xiao T, Lin J, Wang Y, Chen HD. Relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1077-81. [PMID: 17002606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii. Genomic DNA from isolates of S. schenckii, collected from different clinical forms of sporotrichosis, was amplified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Suspensions of different isolates of S. schenckii were inoculated into healthy BALB/c mice to compare their virulence, and the numbers and distribution of spores were determined by histological analysis. RAPD analysis indicated that the isolates from different clinical forms of sporotrichosis belonged to different genotypes. The mice inoculated with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis showed an earlier onset of illness and more severe lesions than those inoculated with isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, which, in turn, showed an earlier onset of illness and more severe lesions than those inoculated with isolates from fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. Healthy BALB/c mice injected with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis died within 10 days, whereas isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis failed to cause death. Histologically, mice inoculated with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis had more spores than those inoculated with isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. Thus, different genotypes may be associated closely with the virulence of different clinical forms of S. schenckii infection.
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128
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Kong D, Kong X, Wang L. Effect of cardiac lymph flow obstruction on cardiac collagen synthesis and interstitial fibrosis. Physiol Res 2006; 55:253-258. [PMID: 16083309 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of chronic cardiac lymphatic obstruction on the myocardial synthesis of collagen type I and III was investigated in a rabbit model. In the lymphatic obstruction group (n=16), plasma C-terminal propeptide type I procollagen (PICP) and N-terminal propeptide type III procollagen (PIIINP) were elevated at 7, 14 and 30 days after the operation (p<0.05). The elevated PICP and PIIINP returned to the pre-operation values 60 days after the operation. The myocardial expression of collagen type I and III mRNA were also enhanced in the lymphatic flow obstruction group. Plasma PICP, PIIINP and myocardial collagen type I and III mRNA remained unchanged in the control group (n=16). We concluded that chronic obstruction of cardiac lymph flow leads to enhanced myocardial collagen synthesis in rabbits. The enhanced collagen synthesis starts within seven days after lymphatic obstruction and subsides after 60 days.
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129
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Genzel R, Tacconi LJ, Eisenhauer F, Schreiber NMF, Cimatti A, Daddi E, Bouché N, Davies R, Lehnert MD, Lutz D, Nesvadba N, Verma A, Abuter R, Shapiro K, Sternberg A, Renzini A, Kong X, Arimoto N, Mignoli M. The rapid formation of a large rotating disk galaxy three billion years after the Big Bang. Nature 2006; 442:786-9. [PMID: 16915282 DOI: 10.1038/nature05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Observations and theoretical simulations have established a framework for galaxy formation and evolution in the young Universe. Galaxies formed as baryonic gas cooled at the centres of collapsing dark-matter haloes; mergers of haloes and galaxies then led to the hierarchical build-up of galaxy mass. It remains unclear, however, over what timescales galaxies were assembled and when and how bulges and disks--the primary components of present-day galaxies--were formed. It is also puzzling that the most massive galaxies were more abundant and were forming stars more rapidly at early epochs than expected from models. Here we report high-angular-resolution observations of a representative luminous star-forming galaxy when the Universe was only 20% of its current age. A large and massive rotating protodisk is channelling gas towards a growing central stellar bulge hosting an accreting massive black hole. The high surface densities of gas, the high rate of star formation and the moderately young stellar ages suggest rapid assembly, fragmentation and conversion to stars of an initially very gas-rich protodisk, with no obvious evidence for a major merger.
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130
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Kong X, Liu H, Rong X, Sweet C, Yang Z, Edwards S, Thai T, Thomas J. SU-FF-I-85: Optimization of Image Quality and Minimization of Radiation Dose for Chest Computed Radiography. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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131
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Shirley S, Singham R, Kong X, Lockey R, Mohapatra S. Modulation of Immune Response by a Novel Kaliuretic Peptide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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132
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Lee D, Shirley S, Kong X, Lockey R, Mohapatra S. Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Intranasally Delivered Theophylline. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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133
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Kong X, Bansal P, Megerian JT, Gozani SN. Peroneal F-wave characteristics under submaximal stimulation. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, AND NEUROSCIENCE 2006:1. [PMID: 17260078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE F-wave studies are valuable tools in clinical neurophysiology. F-wave parameter estimation must be based on multiple F-wave traces due to their inherent variability. Repetitive supramaximal stimulation is uncomfortable for many patients. This study tested the hypothesis that submaximally stimulated nerves yield F-wave parameters equivalent to those obtained with supramaximal stimulation. METHODS Thirty-five peroneal nerves from 27 subjects were stimulated both supramaximally and submaximally. CMAP and F-wave responses from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle were recorded and analyzed offline. Automated algorithms were used to determine F-wave parameters. RESULTS Mean, minimum, maximum F-wave latencies, F-wave duration, and chronodispersion showed no statistically significant difference under the two stimulation conditions. F-wave persistence, amplitude, and subject's discomfort level, were lower with statistical significance. The correlation coefficient of submaximal and supramaximal mean F-wave latencies was 0.977 and their intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.976. The bias of the mean latencies was 0.21 ms and the 95% limits of agreement were less than 5% of the mean F-wave latency. CONCLUSIONS F-waves acquired with submaximal stimulation possess characteristics statistically equivalent to those obtained under supramaximal stimulation, as measured by the latency and duration parameters. Persistence and amplitude were lower. Reduction in discomfort level was also achieved.
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134
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Kong X, Trampert A, Ploog KH. Composition fluctuations in dilute nitride (Ga,In)(N,As)/GaAs heterostructures measured by low-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Micron 2005; 37:465-72. [PMID: 16386909 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on the investigation of composition fluctuations in epitaxially grown (Ga,In)(N,As) epilayers on GaAs(001) substrates by using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The N and In concentrations are determined locally with a probe size of about 8 nm from the low-loss EELS measurements. We demonstrate that the small amount of N incorporating in dilute nitride alloys can be measured quantitatively by the plasmon energy shift with respect to a GaAs reference, and that the In content is analyzed simultaneously from the In 4d transitions, which have been isolated from the overlapping Ga 3d transitions. Our spatially resolved EELS results are utilized to discuss the origin of the inherent composition fluctuations and their influences on the morphological instabilities during epitaxial growth.
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Zhang W, Yang H, Behera S, Kong X, Lockey R, Mohapatra S. Prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection with intranasal siRNA-nanoparticles of the NS1 gene In Vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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136
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Zhang W, Yang H, Kong X, Mohapatra S, Juan-Vergara HS, Hellermann G, Behera S, Singam R, Lockey RF, Mohapatra SS. Erratum: Inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection with intranasal siRNA nanoparticles targeting the viral NS1 gene. Nat Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/nm0205-233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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137
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Kong X, Zhang W, Lockey R, Auais A, Piedemonte G, Mohapatra S. Short interference RNA for RSV-NS1 gene attenuates virus infection in fischer 344 rats. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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138
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Kong X, Murphy K, Raj T, He C, White PS, Matise TC. A combined linkage-physical map of the human genome. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:1143-8. [PMID: 15486828 PMCID: PMC1182151 DOI: 10.1086/426405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed de novo a high-resolution genetic map that includes the largest set, to our knowledge, of polymorphic markers (N=14,759) for which genotype data are publicly available; that combines genotype data from both the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) and deCODE pedigrees; that incorporates single-nucleotide polymorphisms; and that also incorporates sequence-based positional information. The position of all markers on our map is corroborated by both genomic sequence and recombination-based data. This specific combination of features maximizes marker inclusion, coverage, and resolution, making this map uniquely suitable as a comprehensive resource for determining genetic map information (order and distances) for any large set of polymorphic markers.
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Kumar MNVR, Mohapatra SS, Kong X, Jena PK, Bakowsky U, Lehr CM. Cationic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles as efficient in vivo gene transfection agents. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2004; 4:990-994. [PMID: 15656192 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2004.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester co-polymer of PLA and PGA, has been recognized for its ability to deliver genes. However, gene delivery by PLGA nanoparticles is limited by their negative charge and their poor transport through mucosal barriers. In this study, PLGA nanoparticles were surface modified with cationic chitosan in an effort to improve their gene delivery capability. PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion-diffusion-evaporation technique using PVA-chitosan (PLGA1) or PVA-chitosan-PEG (PLGA2) blend as stabilizers. This method is reproducible and produces nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter <200 nm. The nanoparticles were characterized by zetasizer, photon correlation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. A549 epithelial cells were transfected in vitro with PLGA particles complexed with a reporter plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein. PLGA particles transferred EGFP gene, but were less efficient than the lipofectamine control. The nanoparticles were also tested for their ability to transport across the nasal mucosa in vivo in mice. The results show that both PLGA1 and PLGA2 facilitate gene delivery and expression in vivo with increased efficiency and without causing inflammation, as measured by IL-6. Together, these results indicate that chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles have greater potential as gene carriers.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED MAP-O-MAT is a web-based server for automated linkage mapping of human polymorphic DNA markers. MAP-O-MAT facilitates the verification of order and map distances for custom mapping sets using genotype data from the CEPH database, and from the Marshfield, SNP Consortium and Rutgers linkage maps (exclusive to the deCODE genotyping data). The CRI-MAP program is used for likelihood calculations and some mapping algorithms, and physical map positions are provided from the human genome assembly. AVAILABILITY MAP-O-MAT is located at http://compgen.rutgers.edu/mapomat/ CONTACT matise@biology.rutgers.edu.
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Ravi Kumar MNV, Sameti M, Mohapatra SS, Kong X, Lockey RF, Bakowsky U, Lindenblatt G, Schmidt H, Lehr CM. Cationic silica nanoparticles as gene carriers: synthesis, characterization and transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2004; 4:876-881. [PMID: 15570975 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2004.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential of cationic SiO2 nanoparticles was investigated for in vivo gene transfer in this study. Cationic SiO2 nanoparticles with surface modification were generated using amino-hexyl-amino-propyltri-methoxysilane (AHAPS). The zeta potential of the nanoparticles at pH = 7.4 varied from -31.4 mV (unmodified particles; 10 nm) to +9.6 mV (modified by AHAPS). Complete immobilization of DNA at the nanoparticle surface was achieved at a particle ratio of 80 (w/w nanoparticle/DNA ratio). The surface modified nanoparticle had a size of 42 nm with a distribution from 10-100 nm. The ability of these particles to transfect pCMVbeta reporter gene was tested in Cos-1 cells, and optimum results were obtained in the presence of FCS and chloroquine at a particle ratio of 80. These nanoparticles were tested for their ability to transfer genes in vivo in the mouse lung, and a two-times increase in the expression levels was found with silica particles in comparison to EGFP alone. Very low or no cell toxicity was observed, suggesting silica nanoparticles as potential alternatives for gene transfection.
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Lu Y, Bu L, Zhou S, Jin M, Sundberg JP, Jiang H, Qian M, Shi Y, Zhao G, Kong X, Hu L. Scd1ab-Xyk: a new asebia allele characterized by a CCC trinucleotide insertion in exon 5 of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene in mouse. Mol Genet Genomics 2004; 272:129-37. [PMID: 15278437 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-004-1043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a spontaneous, autosomal recessive mutant mouse suffering from skin and hair defects, which arose in the outbred Kunming strain. By haplotype analysis and direct sequencing of PCR products, we show that this mutation is a new allele of the asebia locus with a naturally occurring mutation in the Scd1 gene (a CCC insertion at nucleotide position 835 in exon 5), which codes for stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. This mutation introduces an extra proline residue at position 279 in the Scd1 protein. The mutant mice, originally designated km/km but now assigned the name Scd1ab-Xyk (hereafter abbreviated as abXyk/abXyk), have a similar gross and histological phenotype to that reported for previously characterized allelic asebia mutations (Scd1ab, Scd1abJ, Scd1ab2J, and Scd1tm1Ntam). Histological analysis showed they were also characterized by hypoplasic sebaceous glands and abnormal hair follicles. In a cross between Kunming- abXyk/abXyk and ABJ/Le-abJ/abJ mice, all the progeny showed the same phenotype, indicating that the two mutations were non-complementing and therefore allelic. Comparisons with the other four allelic mutants indicate that the Scd1ab-Xyk mutation causes the mildest change in Scd1 function. This new mouse mutant is a good model not only for the study of scarring alopecias in humans, which are characterized by hypoplasic sebaceous glands, but also for studying the structure and function of the Scd1 protein.
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Kong X, Gosselin C. Type Synthesis of 3T1R 4-DOF Parallel Manipulators Based on Screw Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1109/tra.2003.820853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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144
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Shi J, Zhang S, Ma C, Liu X, Li T, Tang M, Han H, Guo Y, Zhao J, Zheng K, Kong X, Zhang K, Su Z, Zhao Z. Association between apolipoprotein CI HpaI polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 109:140-5. [PMID: 14705977 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate into the relationship of apolipoprotein CI (ApoCI) polymorphism with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 257 AD patients and 242 age-matched elderly individuals were genotyped for the ApoCI HpaI and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) HhaI polymorphisms. RESULTS The ApoCI A allele was associated with AD of moderate to severe dementia when patients were divided into two subgroups according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and the AA genotype was strongly associated with moderate to severe AD in ApoE epsilon4 allele carriers [odds ratio (OR) = 8.19, 95% confidential interval: 1.28-52.30, after adjusting for age and gender by logistic regression analysis], although in total no significant differences of allele or genotype frequency between patients and controls were found. CONCLUSION The present study partially confirmed the previous findings, suggesting that the ApoCI A allele might contribute to the susceptibility to moderate to severe sporadic AD in Chinese.
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Cenci A, Chantret N, Kong X, Gu Y, Anderson OD, Fahima T, Distelfeld A, Dubcovsky J. Construction and characterization of a half million clone BAC library of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. durum). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 107:931-9. [PMID: 12830387 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2002] [Accepted: 03/14/2003] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, 2 n = 4 x = 28, genomes AB) is an economically important cereal used as the raw material to make pasta and semolina. In this paper we present the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of tetraploid durum wheat cv. Langdon. This variety was selected because of the availability of substitution lines that facilitate the assignment of BACs to the A and B genome. The selected Langdon line has a 30-cM segment of chromosome 6BS from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides carrying a gene for high grain protein content, the target of a positional cloning effort in our laboratory. A total of 516,096 clones were organized in 1,344 384-well plates and blotted on 28 high-density filters. Ninety-eight percent of these clones had wheat DNA inserts (0.3% chloroplast DNA, 1.4% empty clones and 0.3% empty wells). The average insert size of 500 randomly selected BAC clones was 131 kb, resulting in a coverage of 5.1-fold genome equivalents for each of the two genomes, and a 99.4% probability of recovering any gene from each of the two genomes of durum wheat. Six known copy-number probes were used to validate this theoretical coverage and gave an estimated coverage of 5.8-fold genome equivalents. Screening of the library with 11 probes related to grain storage proteins and starch biosynthesis showed that the library contains several clones for each of these genes, confirming the value of the library in characterizing the organization of these important gene families. In addition, characterization of fingerprints from colinear BACs from the A and B genomes showed a large differentiation between the A and B genomes. This library will be a useful tool for evolutionary studies in one of the best characterized polyploid systems and a source of valuable genes for wheat. Clones and high-density filters can be requested at http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/Dubcovsky/BAC-library/BAC_Langdon.htm
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Stürmer T, Wang-Gohrke S, Arndt V, Boeing H, Kong X, Kreienberg R, Brenner H. Interaction between alcohol dehydrogenase II gene, alcohol consumption, and risk for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:519-23. [PMID: 12189549 PMCID: PMC2376160 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2002] [Revised: 06/12/2002] [Accepted: 06/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MaeIII Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism in exon 3 of the alcohol dehydrogenase II was assessed in serum from 467 randomly selected German women and 278 women with invasive breast cancer to evaluate the interaction between a polymorphism of the alcohol dehydrogenase II gene, alcohol consumption and risk for breast cancer. In both groups, usual consumption of different alcoholic beverages was asked for using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to separately estimate the association between alcohol consumption and alcohol dehydrogenase II polymorphism in the population sample and women with breast cancer. The alcohol dehydrogenase II polymorphism was detected in 14 women from the population sample (3.0%) and in 27 women with invasive breast cancer (9.7%). Frequency of alcohol consumption was independent of the genotype in the population sample. In women with breast cancer, there was a significant inverse association between the alcohol dehydrogenase II polymorphism and frequency of alcohol consumption (adjusted case-only odds ratio over increasing frequency of alcohol consumption=0.5; P for interaction=0.02). We observed a gene-environment interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase II polymorphism, alcohol consumption, and risk for breast cancer. Breast cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption may vary according to the alcohol dehydrogenase II polymorphism, probably due to differences in alcohol metabolism.
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Kong X, Liu Y, Gou X, Zhu S, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang J. Directed evolution of alpha-aspartyl dipeptidase from Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:137-42. [PMID: 11708790 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Model-free approaches (error-prone PCR to introduce random mutations, DNA shuffling to combine positive mutations, and screening of the resultant mutant libraries) have been used to enhance the catalytic activity and thermostability of alpha-aspartyl dipeptidase from Salmonella typhimurium, which is uniquely able to hydrolyze Asp-X dipeptides (where X is any amino acid) and one tripeptide (Asp-Gly-Gly). Under double selective pressures of activity and thermostability, through two rounds of error-prone PCR and three sequential generations of DNA shuffling, coupled with screening, a mutant pepEM3074 with approximately 47-fold increased enzyme activity compared with its wild-type parent was obtained. Moreover, the stability of pepEM3074 is increased significantly. Three amino acid substitutions (Asn89His, Gln153Glu, and Leu205Arg), two of them are near the active site and substrate binding pocket, were identified by sequencing the genes encoding this evolved enzyme. The mechanism of the enhancement of activity and stability was analyzed in this paper.
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Kong X, Feng R. Watermarking medical signals for telemedicine. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINE : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY 2001; 5:195-201. [PMID: 11550841 DOI: 10.1109/4233.945290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Modern telecommunication infrastructure supports the possibility of delivering quality health care without the physical presence of medical experts. The integrity of biomedical signals being transmitted through communication channels must be established before their utilization. This paper investigates three digital watermarking techniques for signal integrity verification in an electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring application for brain injury detection. The techniques studied are patchwork, least significant bit, and quantization watermarking methods. The three techniques are evaluated and compared in the following areas: sensitivity to noise contamination, robustness to EEG signal characteristic changes due to brain injury, and consistency under various communication channel models. The patchwork method performs best for noise contamination rejection among the three methods. The noise contamination detection rates of all three methods remain relatively stable across a wide range of EEG characteristics.
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Gervais F, Chalifour R, Garceau D, Kong X, Laurin J, Mclaughlin R, Morissette C, Paquette J. Glycosaminoglycan mimetics: a therapeutic approach to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Amyloid 2001; 8 Suppl 1:28-35. [PMID: 11676287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits characteristic of cerebral amyloid angiopathy lead to vessel rupture and intracerebral hemorrhage. Proteoglycans associate with the amyloid fibril deposits and are thought to play a role in the polymerization of amyloid proteins and the propagation of the deposition process. A series of low molecular weight anionic compounds was developed to mimic the glycosaminoglycan moieties of these proteoglycans. These compounds were tested in different in vitro systems to determine their anti-Abeta amyloid activity. Specific compounds were identified as being anti-fibrillogenic and protective against Abeta-induced cvtotoxicity. Such compounds also did not show intrinsic cellular toxicity could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, and showed a good safety profile following chronic' exposure. Molecules showing an anti-amyloid profile combined with the ability to cross the BBB represent promising therapeutics for CAA.
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Xiao S, Bu L, Zhu L, Zheng G, Yang M, Qian M, Hu L, Liu J, Zhao G, Kong X. A new locus for hereditary gingival fibromatosis (GINGF2) maps to 5q13-q22. Genomics 2001; 74:180-5. [PMID: 11386754 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gingival fibromatosis (GINGF) is an oral disorder characterized by enlargement of the gingiva. It occurs either as the sole phenotype or combined with other symptoms. Thus far, one GINGF locus has been mapped on chromosome 2, at 2p21, and a second possible locus has been mapped to 2p13. However, the genes responsible for this disorder have not been elucidated. We identified a four-generation Chinese GINGF family in which the disease manifests within 1 year after birth. After exclusion of the two known GINGF loci in this family, we performed a genome-wide search to map the chromosome location of the responsible gene. We identified a new locus, GINGF2, on chromosome 5q13-q22 with a maximum two-point lod score of 4.31 at D5S1721 (theta = 0.00). Haplotype analysis placed the critical region in the interval defined by D5S1491 and D5S1453. Within this region, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) is a strong candidate.
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