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Farkouh A, Agarwal A, Hamoda TAAAM, Kavoussi P, Saleh R, Zini A, Arafa M, Harraz AM, Gul M, Karthikeyan VS, Durairajanayagam D, Rambhatla A, Boitrelle F, Chung E, Birowo P, Toprak T, Ghayda RA, Cannarella R, Phuoc NHV, Dimitriadis F, Russo GI, Sokolakis I, Mostafa T, Makarounis K, Ziouziou I, Kuroda S, Bendayan M, Kaiyal RS, Japari A, Simopoulou M, Rocco L, Garrido N, Gherabi N, Bocu K, Kahraman O, Le TV, Wyns C, Tremellen K, Sarikaya S, Lewis S, Evenson DP, Ko E, Calogero AE, Bahar F, Martinez M, Crafa A, Nguyen Q, Ambar RF, Colpi G, Bakircioglu ME, Henkel R, Kandil H, Serefoglu EC, Alarbid A, Tsujimura A, Kheradmand A, Anagnostopoulou C, Marino A, Adamyan A, Zilaitiene B, Ozer C, Pescatori E, Vogiatzi P, Busetto GM, Balercia G, Elbardisi H, Akhavizadegan H, Sajadi H, Taniguchi H, Park HJ, Maldonado Rosas I, Al-Marhoon M, Sadighi Gilani MA, Alhathal N, Pinggera GM, Kothari P, Mogharabian N, Micic S, Homa S, Darbandi S, Long TQT, Zohdy W, Atmoko W, Sabbaghian M, Ibrahim W, Smith RP, Ho CCK, de la Rosette J, El-Sakka AI, Preto M, Zenoaga-Barbăroșie C, Abumelha SM, Baser A, Aydos K, Ramirez-Dominguez L, Kumar V, Ong TA, Mierzwa TC, Adriansjah R, Banihani SA, Bowa K, Fukuhara S, Rodriguez Peña M, Moussa M, Ari UÇ, Cho CL, Tadros NN, Ugur MR, Amar E, Falcone M, Santer FR, Kalkanli A, Karna KK, Khalafalla K, Vishwakarma RB, Finocchi F, Giulioni C, Ceyhan E, Çeker G, Yazbeck C, Rajmil O, Yilmaz M, Altay B, Barrett TL, Ngoo KS, Roychoudhury S, Salvio G, Lin H, Kadioglu A, Timpano M, Avidor-Reiss T, Hakim L, Sindhwani P, Franco G, Singh R, Giacone F, Ruzaev M, Kosgi R, Sofikitis N, Palani A, Calik G, Kulaksız D, Jezek D, Al Hashmi M, Drakopoulos P, Omran H, Leonardi S, Celik-Ozenci C, Güngör ND, Ramsay J, Amano T, Sogutdelen E, Duarsa GWK, Chiba K, Jindal S, Savira M, Boeri L, Borges E, Gupte D, Gokalp F, Hebrard GH, Minhas S, Shah R. Controversy and Consensus on the Management of Elevated Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:809-847. [PMID: 37118965 PMCID: PMC10523126 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been associated with male infertility and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to the management of elevated SDF in infertile men, summarize the relevant professional society recommendations, and provide expert recommendations for managing this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online global survey on clinical practices related to SDF was disseminated to reproductive clinicians, according to the CHERRIES checklist criteria. Management protocols for various conditions associated with SDF were captured and compared to the relevant recommendations in professional society guidelines and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations and consensus on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF were then formulated and adapted using the Delphi method. RESULTS A total of 436 experts from 55 different countries submitted responses. As an initial approach, 79.1% of reproductive experts recommend lifestyle modifications for infertile men with elevated SDF, and 76.9% prescribe empiric antioxidants. Regarding antioxidant duration, 39.3% recommend 4-6 months and 38.1% recommend 3 months. For men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, and couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages associated with elevated SDF, most respondents refer to ART 6 months after failure of conservative and empiric medical management. Infertile men with clinical varicocele, normal conventional semen parameters, and elevated SDF are offered varicocele repair immediately after diagnosis by 31.4%, and after failure of antioxidants and conservative measures by 40.9%. Sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction are also management options for couples undergoing ART. For most questions, heterogenous practices were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents the results of a large global survey on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF and reveals a lack of consensus among clinicians. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of professional society guidelines in this regard and attempts to highlight the relevant evidence. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala’a Farkouh
- Global Andrology Forum, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology Forum, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Moreland Hills, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taha Abo-Almagd Abdel-Meguid Hamoda
- Department of Urology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Parviz Kavoussi
- Department of Reproductive Urology, Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ramadan Saleh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Ajyal IVF Center, Ajyal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Armand Zini
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed M. Harraz
- Urology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansura, Egypt
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
- Department of Urology, Sabah Al Ahmad Urology Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Murat Gul
- Department of Urology, Selçuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amarnath Rambhatla
- Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Florence Boitrelle
- Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- Department of Biology, Reproduction, Epigenetics, Environment and Development, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ponco Birowo
- Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tuncay Toprak
- Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramy Abou Ghayda
- Urology Institute, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nguyen Ho Vinh Phuoc
- Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Fotios Dimitriadis
- Department of Urology, Aristotle University, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki,
| | | | - Ioannis Sokolakis
- Department of Urology, Aristotle University, School of Medicine, Thessaloniki,
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Imad Ziouziou
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Shinnosuke Kuroda
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marion Bendayan
- Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
| | - Raneen Sawaid Kaiyal
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrian Japari
- Fertility Clinic, Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicolas Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nazim Gherabi
- Department of Urology, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Kadir Bocu
- Department of Urology, Silopi State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Kahraman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tan V. Le
- Department of Andrology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christine Wyns
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Selcuk Sarikaya
- Department of Urology, Gülhane Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Edmund Ko
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fahmi Bahar
- Andrology Section, Siloam Sriwijaya Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | - Marlon Martinez
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Andrea Crafa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Quang Nguyen
- Center for Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rafael F. Ambar
- Department of Urology, Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Andrology Group at Ideia Fertil Institute of Human Reproduction, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Colpi
- Andrology and IVF Center, Next Fertility Procrea, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | - Ege Can Serefoglu
- Department of Urology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Alarbid
- Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alireza Kheradmand
- Urology Department, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Angelo Marino
- ANDROS Day Surgery Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aram Adamyan
- IVF Department, Astghik Medical Center, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Birute Zilaitiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Cevahir Ozer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Edoardo Pescatori
- Andrology and Reproductive Medicine Unit, Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility & Reproductive Health Diagnostic Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamed Akhavizadegan
- Department of Urology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesamoddin Sajadi
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - Hisanori Taniguchi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Mohamed Al-Marhoon
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - Naif Alhathal
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Priyank Kothari
- Department of Urology, Topiwala National Medical College, B.Y.L Nair Ch Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Nasser Mogharabian
- Sexual Health and Fertility Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sava Micic
- Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sheryl Homa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tran Quang Tien Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Wael Zohdy
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Widi Atmoko
- Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marjan Sabbaghian
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Teheran, Iran
| | - Wael Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Fertility Care Center in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ryan P. Smith
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mirko Preto
- Department of Urology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Saad Mohammed Abumelha
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aykut Baser
- Department of Urology, Bandirma Onyedi Eylül University, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Kaan Aydos
- Department of Urology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ricky Adriansjah
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine of Padjadjaran University, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Saleem A. Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kasonde Bowa
- Department of Urology, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Mohamad Moussa
- Department of Urology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Urology, Al Zahraa Hospital, UMC, Lebanon
| | - Umut Çağın Ari
- Department of Reproduction, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Arif Kalkanli
- Department of Urology, Taksim Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Keshab Kumar Karna
- Department of Molecular Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kareim Khalafalla
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Urology Department, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Urology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ranjit B. Vishwakarma
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Federica Finocchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Giulioni
- Department of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erman Ceyhan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Çeker
- Department of Urology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Chadi Yazbeck
- Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Reprogynes Medical Institute, Paris, France
| | - Osvaldo Rajmil
- Department of Andrology, Fundacio Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Asklepios Clinic Triberg, Urology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baris Altay
- Department of Urology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Kay Seong Ngoo
- Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Department of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ates Kadioglu
- Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Massimiliano Timpano
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga, Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga, Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Giorgio Franco
- Department of Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rajender Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Filippo Giacone
- Centro HERA, Unità di Medicina della Riproduzione, Sant’Agata Li Battiati, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Raghavender Kosgi
- Department of Urology, Andrology and Renal Transplant, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ayad Palani
- Research Centre, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Gokhan Calik
- Department of Urology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kulaksız
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Davor Jezek
- Department for Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, Reproductive Tissue Bank, University Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manaf Al Hashmi
- Department of Urology, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panagiotis Drakopoulos
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- IVF Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Huda Omran
- Al Aljenan Medical Center, Pulse Health Training Center, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sofia Leonardi
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Público Materno Infantil de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ciler Celik-Ozenci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Dokuzeylül Güngör
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and IVF Unit, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Toshiyasu Amano
- Department of Urology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Koji Chiba
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sunil Jindal
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
| | - Missy Savira
- Department of Urology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Edson Borges
- Fertility Assisted Fertilization Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deepak Gupte
- Department of Urology, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Fatih Gokalp
- Department of Urology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | | | - Suks Minhas
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rupin Shah
- Division of Andrology, Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Hohn RE, Kopec JA, Sawatzky R, Poureslami I, FitzGerald JM. Measuring skill-based health literacy in chronic airway disease patients: the development and psychometric evaluation of the Vancouver airways health literacy tool (VAHLT). Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2875-2886. [PMID: 37428406 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes the development of the Vancouver airways health literacy tool (VAHLT), a novel measure of skill-based health literacy specific to chronic airway diseases (CADs). Across several phases, psychometric characteristics of the VAHLT were examined and used to guide its development. METHODS An initial pool of 46 items was developed using input from patients, clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers. An initial patient sample (N = 532) was evaluated and used to inform item revisions. A revised 44-item pool was then evaluated using a second sample, the results of which aided in the selection of a final set of 30 items. The finalized 30-item VAHLT was then psychometrically evaluated using the second sample (N = 318). An item response theory approach was utilized to evaluate the VAHLT by assessing model fit, item parameter estimates, test and item information curves, and item characteristic curves. Reliability was assessed using ordinal coefficient alpha. We additionally assessed differential item functioning between asthma and COPD diagnoses. RESULTS The VAHLT demonstrated a unidimensional structure and reasonably discriminated patients in the lower range of health literacy estimates. The tool demonstrated strong reliability (α = .920). Two of the 30 items were found to exhibit non-negligible differential item functioning. CONCLUSIONS This study presents compelling evidence of validity in several areas for the VAHLT, including content and structural validity. Further external validation studies are needed and forthcoming. Overall, this work represents a strong first step towards a novel, skill-based, and disease-specific measure of CAD-related health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Hohn
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Jacek A Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Sawatzky
- School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iraj Poureslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canadian Multicultural Health Promotion Society (CMHPS), Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Faculty of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Urbina H, Jones C, Moore M, Gazis R. Susceptibility of centipede tongavine ( Epipremnum pinnatum) commercially grown in nurseries in Florida to aroid leaf rust ( Pseudocerradoa paullula). Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37755418 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1360-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl., (Araceae, Monocots) known as dragon-tail plant or centipede tongavine, is the most cultivated aroid species worldwide (Boyce 2004). In 2022, symptomatic dragon-tail plants, collected from plant nurseries in south Florida (e-Xtra Fig.1). Symptoms included round leaf spots often with a yellow halo and erupting pustules mainly distributed in the underside of the leaves. Visits to the nurseries revealed a 60% incidence of approximability 50 mature plants, with some leaves showing up to 30% of tissue damage. The putative pathogen was identified morphologically as Pseudocerradoa paullula (Syd. & P. Syd.) M. Ebinghaus & Dianese (Pucciniaceae, Basidiomycota) (Ebinghaus et al. 2022), characterized by the production of pseudosuprastomatal uredinia with globose to subglobose urediniospores, light-brown, echinulate (1 µm height), 24-31 µm diam with thick walls, 1.5-2.5 µm in height (n=30). Identical morphological features reported by Urbina et al. (2023) (e-Xtra Fig. 1). PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the ribosomal RNA genes (Aime 2006) together with LSU internal species specific primer (Urbina et al. 2023) were used to confirm the identification of the pathogen (GenBank ON887194-ON887196). MegaBlast (Chen et al. 2015) searches resulted in a >99% sequence similarity to a P. paullula specimen collected in Florida (2019-101665, GenBank ON887197). Host identification was made by using the Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rbcL. GenBank ON887186, ON887187) and Maturase K (matK) loci (GenBank ON887190, ON887191) (Fazekas et al. 2012). Both barcodes resulted in >99.13% sequence similarity to voucher J.R. Abbott 24912 FLAS (GenBank GU135198 and GU135036, respectively). Symptomatic dried specimens were deposited in the Plant Industry Herbarium (PIHG 16229 - 16232). Koch's postulates were fulfilled using urediniospores collected from an infected E. pinnatum sample that was kept in darkness at 4°C for seven days until inoculation. Eight potted dragon-tail plants were inoculated by hand rubbing urediniospores against upper and lower leaf surfaces and three plants were used as controls. All plants were misted with sterile water and covered with plastic bags (23 °C, >90% RH, 12/12 h daylight). Bags were removed 48 h after inoculation, plants were set in a climate-controlled greenhouse (~30 °C, ~65% RH, 12/12 h light cycle) and monitored daily for symptoms. Chlorotic spots appeared after 10 days, and pustules after 25 days while the non-inoculated controls remained symptomless. Aroid leaf rust is known to infect several aroid species, including dragon-tail (Shaw 1995), which some varieties capable to outdoors in USDA 9a hardiness zones (Wunderlin et al. 2023), but the rust fungus has not been observed on any species of Epipremnum in the landscape yet, suggesting that its susceptibility could be driven by plant growth conditions that favor pathogen infection (e.g., excess of humidity and nutrients, dense planting, overhead irrigation, etc.). Here we encourage dragon-tail plant growers to be aware of its susceptibility to P. paullula and to stay vigilant of the culture conditions to avoid plants from getting infected with this airborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Urbina
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 70124, Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34TH ST, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32608;
| | - Callie Jones
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 70124, Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, United States;
| | - Matthew Moore
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 70124, Division of Plant Industry, Tallahassee, Florida, United States;
| | - Romina Gazis
- University of Florida Tropical Research and Education Center, 53709, Plant Pathology, 1615 SE 23rd Way, Homestead, Florida, United States, 33031-3314;
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Jamaluddin J, Zainal Abidin S, Kathitasapathy G, Mohamad Isa MZ, Mohamed Kamel MA, Kaur P, Palaniyappan T. ABC approach for the management of adults with hyperthyroidism: A practical strategy in primary care. Malays Fam Physician 2023; 18:57. [PMID: 37814670 PMCID: PMC10560458 DOI: 10.51866/rv.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is commonly seen in primary care settings. However, the management of hyperthyroidism might be unclear to primary care doctors. Various guidelines have been published to assist clinicians in the management of thyroid disorders at various levels of care. The extensive coverage of these guidelines may not appeal to busy clinicians, and the guidelines do not focus on often resource-limited primary care settings. In this article, we aim to describe a practical guide for managing hyperthyroidism in primary care settings using an ABC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazlan Jamaluddin
- MD (Moscow), MMed (Family Medicine) (UiTM), Klinik Kesihatan Sauk, Jalan Besar, Lenggong, Sauk, Kuala Kangsar, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Sofiah Zainal Abidin
- MD (UKM), MMed (Family Medicine) (UKM), Klinik Kesihatan Padang Rengas, Padang Rengas, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Kathitasapathy
- MBBS (Manipal), MMed (Family Medicine) (USM), Klinik Kesihatan Karai, Enggor, Karai, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zikri Mohamad Isa
- MBBS (UiTM), MMed (Family Medicine) (UiTM), Klinik Kesihatan Lintang, Sg. Siput (U), Lintang Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azzahi Mohamed Kamel
- MD (Crimea), MMed (Family Medicine) (UiTM), Klinik Kesihatan Lenggong, Jalan Besar, Kampung Batu Berdinding, Lenggong, Hulu Perak, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Paream Kaur
- MBBS (Bangalore), MAFP (Malaysia), FRACGP (Australia), Klinik Kesihatan Manong, Jalan Rumah Awam II, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Thenmoli Palaniyappan
- MBBS (Otago), MAFP (Malaysia), FRACGP (Australia), Klinik Kesihatan Kuala Kangsar, Jalan Sultan Idris Shah 1, Kuala, Kangsar, Perak, Malaysia
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105
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Karthik C, Shu Q. Current insights on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) bakanae disease and exploration of its management strategies. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:755-778. [PMID: 37701954 PMCID: PMC10500098 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Bakanae is an emerging rice disease caused by the seed- and soil-borne pathogen Fusariumfujikuroi. It is becoming a more serious threat to sustainable rice production throughout rice-growing regions. Bakanae disease infection is responsible for high yield losses ranging from 3% to 95%, and disease incidence varies based on the region and cultivars. Hence, understanding the nature of the pathogen, its pathogenicity, disease epidemiology, symptoms, host-pathogen interaction, and the role of secondary metabolites in the disease cycle will be helpful in the development of effective and sustainable management strategies. However, very few comprehensive studies have described the details of rice bakanae disease. Thus, in this review we summarize and discuss in detail the information available from 1898 to 2023 on various critical facets of bakanae disease, and provide perspectives on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnannan Karthik
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Biology, Gus R. Douglass Institute, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112, USA
| | - Qingyao Shu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572025, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding / The Advanced Seed Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Keshvari N, Yousefi N, Peiravian F, Sharif Z. Exploring health seeking behaviors for common cold management. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm 2023; 11:100301. [PMID: 37533759 PMCID: PMC10392600 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of common cold can impose financial burden on the healthcare systems, despite its simple and self-limiting symptoms. Objective This study examines the behavior of patients suffering from symptoms of the common cold and explores the factors that may influence such behaviors. Methods A descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019, in Tehran, Iran, using cluster sampling in socioeconomically diverse areas within the city. The participants' behaviors and related factors were evaluated using a 10-item questionnaire. Data collection process involved selecting 5 shopping centers and 404 individuals participated the study. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis. Results The results showed that 42.1% of the respondents would consult a physician immediately upon experiencing cold symptoms, while 11.4% would consult a pharmacist.In addition, 14.3% would try self-medication, 28.3% relied on traditional home remedies, and 15%indicated not to make use of any remedies or interventions. The study indicated a correlation between people's behaviors concerning the common cold and their level of health self-confidence, knowledge of the common cold, lifestyle, gender, marital status, occupational status, insurance status, and average family spending. Conclusion The findings of this study are significant in that they shed light on the behaviors of individuals and associated factors related to seeking medical assistance for the common cold. This knowledge can assist healthcare systems in developing strategies aimed at enhancing treatment outcomes, and decreasing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Keshvari
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Peiravian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Valiasr St, Shora Bvd, Alborz, Iran
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107
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Jin ES, Shim JS, Kim SE, Bae JH, Kang S, Won JC, Shin MJ, Jin HY, Moon J, Lee H, Kim HC, Jeong IK. Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:632-642. [PMID: 37528532 PMCID: PMC10555536 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022. METHODS We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020. RESULTS In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia-more than one out of three conditions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] [men and women] <40 mg/dL)-was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jenny Moon
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
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Guilder J, Ryder D, Taylor NGH, Alewijnse SR, Millard RS, Thrush MA, Peeler EJ, Tidbury HJ. The aquaculture disease network model (AquaNet-Mod): A simulation model to evaluate disease spread and controls for the salmonid industry in England and Wales. Epidemics 2023; 44:100711. [PMID: 37562182 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease causes significant mortality in wild and farmed systems, threatening biodiversity, conservation and animal welfare, as well as food security. To mitigate impacts and inform policy, tools such as mathematical models and computer simulations are valuable for predicting the potential spread and impact of disease. This paper describes the development of the Aquaculture Disease Network Model, AquaNet-Mod, and demonstrates its application to evaluating disease epidemics and the efficacy of control, using a Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (VHS) case study. AquaNet-Mod is a data-driven, stochastic, state-transition model. Disease spread can occur via four different mechanisms, i) live fish movement, ii) river based, iii) short distance mechanical and iv) distance independent mechanical. Sites transit between three disease states: susceptible, clinically infected and subclinically infected. Disease spread can be interrupted by the application of disease mitigation measures and controls such as contact tracing, culling, fallowing and surveillance. Results from a VHS case study highlight the potential for VHS to spread to 96% of sites over a 10 year time horizon if no disease controls are applied. Epidemiological impact is significantly reduced when live fish movement restrictions are placed on the most connected sites and further still, when disease controls, representative of current disease control policy in England and Wales, are applied. The importance of specific disease control measures, particularly contact tracing and disease detection rate, are also highlighted. The merit of this model for evaluation of disease spread and the efficacy of controls, in the context of policy, along with potential for further application and development of the model, for example to include economic parameters, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Guilder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - David Ryder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Sarah R Alewijnse
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Rebecca S Millard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Mark A Thrush
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Edmund J Peeler
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Hannah J Tidbury
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, DT4 8UB, UK.
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Lee JG, Park YE, Chang JY, Song HJ, Kim DH, Yang YJ, Kim BC, Lee SH, You MW, Kim SE. Diagnosis and management of acute colonic diverticulitis: results of a survey among Korean gastroenterologists. Korean J Intern Med 2023; 38:672-682. [PMID: 37586812 PMCID: PMC10493441 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Some management strategies for acute colonic diverticulitis remain controversial in Korean real-world practice because their clinical features differ from those in the West. This study aimed to investigate the opinions of Korean physicians regarding the diagnosis and treatment of acute diverticulitis. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted among gastroenterologists specializing on treating lower gastrointestinal disorders. The questionnaires concerned overall management strategies for colonic diverticulitis, including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. RESULTS In total, 209 gastroenterologists responded to the survey. Less than one-fourth of the respondents (23.6%) answered that left-sided colonic diverticulitis is more likely to be complicated than right-sided colonic diverticulitis. Most respondents agreed that immunocompromised patients with diverticulitis have worse clinical outcomes than immunocompetent patients (71.3%). Computed tomography was the most preferred tool for diagnosing diverticulitis (93.9%). Approximately 89% of the respondents answered that they believed antibiotic treatment is necessary to treat acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Most respondents (92.6%) agreed that emergency surgery is not required for diverticulitis with an abscess or microperforation without panperitonitis. Further, 94.7% of the respondents agreed that colon cancer screening is necessary in patients aged ≥ 50 years with diverticulitis after they have recovered from acute illness. Many respondents (71.4%) agreed that surgery for recurrent diverticulitis should be individualized. CONCLUSION Opinions regarding management strategies for colonic diverticulitis among Korean gastroenterologists were well agreed upon in some areas but did not agree well in other areas. Evidence-based guidelines that meet the practical needs of the Korean population should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Gon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong,
Korea
| | - Yong Eun Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan,
Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - Young Joo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon,
Korea
| | - Byung Chang Kim
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Shin Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Myung-Won You
- Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Romeo C, Parisio G, Scali F, Tonni M, Santucci G, Maisano AM, Barbieri I, Boniotti MB, Stadejek T, Alborali GL. Complex interplay between PRRSV-1 genetic diversity, coinfections and antimicrobial use influences performance parameters in post-weaning pigs. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109830. [PMID: 37481996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the main diseases of pigs, leading to large economic losses in swine production worldwide. PRRSV high mutation rate and low cross-protection between strains make PRRS control challenging. Through a semi-longitudinal approach, we analysed the relationships among performance parameters, PRRSV-1 genetic diversity, coinfections and antimicrobial use (AMU) in pig nurseries. We collected data over the course of five years in five PRRS-positive nurseries belonging to an Italian multisite operation, for a total of 86 batches and over 200,000 weaners involved. The farm experienced a severe PRRS outbreak in the farrowing unit at the onset of the study, but despite adopting vaccination of all sows, batch-level losses in nurseries in the following years remained constantly high (mean±SE: 11.3 ± 0.5 %). Consistently with previous studies, our phylogenetic analysis of ORF 7 sequences highlighted the peculiarity of strains circulating in Italy. Greater genetic distances between the strain circulating in a weaners' batch and strains from the farrowing unit and the previous batch were associated with increased mortality (p < 0.0001). All the respiratory and enteric coinfections contributed to an increase in losses (all p < 0.026), with secondary infections by Streptococcus suis and enteric bacteria also inducing an increase in AMU (both p < 0.041). Our findings highlight that relying solely on sows' vaccination is insufficient to contain PRRS losses, and the implementation of rigorous biosecurity measures is pivotal to limit PRRSV circulation among pig flows and consequently minimise the risk of exposure to genetically diverse strains that would increase production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Parisio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Tonni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio M Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barbieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna - IZSLER, via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
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Jin ES, Shim JS, Kim SE, Bae JH, Kang S, Won JC, Shin MJ, Jin HY, Moon J, Lee H, Kim HC, Jeong IK. Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:237-251. [PMID: 37800108 PMCID: PMC10548191 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022. Methods We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020. Results In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia (more than one out of three conditions [low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (men and women) <40 mg/dL]) was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL. Conclusion Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jenny Moon
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lapp HS, Freigang M, Hagenacker T, Weiler M, Wurster CD, Günther R. Biomarkers in 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy-a narrative review. J Neurol 2023; 270:4157-4178. [PMID: 37289324 PMCID: PMC10421827 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene, resulting in a loss of functional SMN protein and consecutive degeneration of motor neurons in the ventral horn. The disease is clinically characterized by proximal paralysis and secondary skeletal muscle atrophy. New disease-modifying drugs driving SMN gene expression have been developed in the past decade and have revolutionized SMA treatment. The rise of treatment options led to a concomitant need of biomarkers for therapeutic guidance and an improved disease monitoring. Intensive efforts have been undertaken to develop suitable markers, and numerous candidate biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values have been identified. The most promising markers include appliance-based measures such as electrophysiological and imaging-based indices as well as molecular markers including SMN-related proteins and markers of neurodegeneration and skeletal muscle integrity. However, none of the proposed biomarkers have been validated for the clinical routine yet. In this narrative review, we discuss the most promising candidate biomarkers for SMA and expand the discussion by addressing the largely unfolded potential of muscle integrity markers, especially in the context of upcoming muscle-targeting therapies. While the discussed candidate biomarkers hold potential as either diagnostic (e.g., SMN-related biomarkers), prognostic (e.g., markers of neurodegeneration, imaging-based markers), predictive (e.g., electrophysiological markers) or response markers (e.g., muscle integrity markers), no single measure seems to be suitable to cover all biomarker categories. Hence, a combination of different biomarkers and clinical assessments appears to be the most expedient solution at the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lapp
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Freigang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science (C-TNBS), University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Weiler
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C D Wurster
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - René Günther
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Bae JH, Jin ES, Kim SE, Kang S, Lee JY, Kim M, Jin HY, Shin MJ, Jeong IK. Public Awareness of Dyslipidemia Among the Korean Population: A Survey Study. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:307-314. [PMID: 37800113 PMCID: PMC10548193 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the level of public awareness regarding dyslipidemia and its management among the Korean population. Methods We conducted a web- or mobile-based survey study targeting the general population, using various recruitment methods, between July 25, 2022 and August 26, 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions designed to collect demographic information and evaluate participants' awareness and knowledge about dyslipidemia. Results In total, 2,882 participants who completed the survey were included in the analysis. Among the participants, a substantial majority (89.1%) were familiar with the concepts of "good cholesterol" and "bad cholesterol," while a comparatively lower percentage (just 46.7%) were acquainted with the term "dyslipidemia." Noticeable variations in understanding were observed when examining specific aspects of dyslipidemia management, including diet, exercise, and pharmacotherapy. Conclusion The results of this survey underscore the significance of enhancing public awareness about dyslipidemia within the context of health literacy, demonstrating the necessity for a more comprehensive approach that includes education and policymaking to effectively manage dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Sejong, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kumar S, Rajput LS, Vennampally N, Maranna S, Maheshwari HS, Nargund R, Kumawat G, Jaiswal S, Singh JK, Kesharwani AK, Yadav MK. First report of milkweed ( Euphorbia geniculata) as an alternative host for Colletotrichum truncatum in soybean fields in India. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37642544 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0998-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max, L.), a major oilseed crop of India faces anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Nataraj et al. 2021). Several weeds serve as alternative hosts for Colletotrichum spp. (Hartman et al. 1986). Around 24.67% of soybean fields in the study area were infested with Euphorbia geniculata (Kutariye et al. 2021). In September 2021, milkweed plants died in the field, showing irregular circular lesions with wavy margins on the stem, change in color of veins and veinlets from brown to black and leaves exhibiting a twisted appearance at ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, India. Later on plants completely died and acervuli of average size 284 µm were visualized under stereo microscopy. Twenty milkweed samples were collected, rinsed, and surface sterilized with NaOCl (1%). Fungus isolation was done from leaf and stem and transferred to sterilized Petri plates with Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 48 h with dark/light (10h/14h) cycle. The fungi produced circular, raised, black to light grey colonies. Sickle shaped aseptate conidia, measuring 23.14 µm length, 3.18 µm width and hyphal width 5.49 µm were confirmed using a compound microscope with 20X magnification. The fungus was purified via hyphal tip method and pure culture was maintained on PDA at (26 ± 2°C). Milkweed seedlings in clay pots were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the fungus (106 conidia/mL) prepared from ten days old culture using serial dilution technique. Soybean variety JS 95-60 was inoculated by atomizing 20 ml of the same suspension on each plant. The negative controls for both milkweed and soybean were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Veinal necrosis and acervuli formation were observed on both milkweed and soybean, but no signs or symptoms of disease were observed in the controls. The re-isolated fungus from both the diseased hosts resembled original culture as they produced black to light grey colonies, sickle shaped aseptate conidia and ITS sequence (OR124845) exhibiting 100% resemblance to C. truncatum isolate C-17 (MN736513), thus confirming Koch's postulates. The pathogen was classified as Colletotrichum spp. based on morphological and cultural characters and the pathogenicity test (Rajput et al. 2021). To confirm identity of the pathogen infecting milkweed, DNA was extracted from the reisolated fungus using the HiPurA Fungal DNA Purification Kit (HiMedia, India). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin (TUB2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes were amplified (Kumar et al. 2021). The GAPDH gene was amplified under similar reaction conditions except for annealing temp 59°C. For species level identification, the ITS, TUB2 and GAPDH gene sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OR004468, OQ869780 and OQ869781, respectively. The BLAST analysis of TUB2 and GAPDH gene showed sequence homology of 100% and 98.43% respectively with C. truncatum culture-collection CBS:151.35 (GU228156, GU228254). The isolate was identified as C. truncatum on the basis of molecular analysis, corroborating the above morphological identification. This is the first report of C. truncatum infecting milkweed in India, indicating milkweed as an alternative host in soybean fields, potentially raising inoculum levels and carryover between crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of Crop Protection, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Laxman Singh Rajput
- Central Arid Zone Research Institute, 29804, Division of Crop Protection, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Nataraj Vennampally
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of crop improvement, ICAR-IISR, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 452001;
| | - Shivakumar Maranna
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of crop improvement, INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH, India;
| | - Hemant Singh Maheshwari
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of crop protection, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Raghvendra Nargund
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of Crop Production, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Giriraj Kumawat
- ICAR Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 204692, Division of Crop Production, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Sandeep Jaiswal
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, 224864, Umiam, Meghalaya, India;
| | | | - Amit Kumar Kesharwani
- Washington State University Prosser Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 57819, Plant Pathology, Prosser, Washington, United States;
| | - Manoj K Yadav
- ICAR-IARI, Regional Station, Karnal, Plant Pathology, Haryana, India;
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Qiao Y, Mao YF, Li H, Zhang C, Chen F. First report of Leaf Blight of Liquidambar formosana Hance caused by Alternaria tenuissima in China. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37580889 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-22-2340-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquidambar formosana Hance is widely planted in urban landscapes in China owing to its ornamental red leaves. In June 2020, a distinctive leaf spot disease was observed on L. formosana in Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Province of China (32°4'49"N, 118°48'56"E). Approximately 61% (14 out of 23) of the trees displayed leaf spots. The diseased symptoms included irregularly distributed spots that showed black or dark brown, and occasionally with pale green halo. Two representative trees were selected for sampling and five leaves with typical symptoms were selected randomly for isolation. The tissues from the margin of the lesions (0.2 cm × 0.2 cm) were cut and disinfected in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 90 s, rinsed in sterile water twice for 30 s, and dried with sterile paper. Then, 20 tissues were incubated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 100 mg/L Ampicillin Sodium and incubated in the dark at 25℃ for 4 days. Seventeen single-spore fungi were isolated from lesion tissues as described by Woudenberg et al. (2013). The colony morphology of 17 isolates was extremely similar, so 3 isolates (NFUA01, NFUA02, and NFUA03) were selected randomly for further study. Colonies on PDA were circular, gray, and slightly raised loose cotton mycelium, while the reverse side was olive green in the center with white margins. Conidiophores were brown, simple or branched, and produced numerous conidia in short chains. Conidia were obclavate or ellipsoid, brown, with 1-5 transverse septa and 0-3 longitudinal septa, and measured 7.1 to 32.5 × 3.3 to 13.3 μm (n=50). The morphological observations were consistent with the description of the genus Alternaria sp. (Woudenberg et al. 2013). Six gene fragments, including SSU, LSU, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and EF-1 region, were amplified and sequenced. The primers of six nuclear loci were used by NS1 / NS4((White et al. 1990), LSU1Fd (Crous et al. 2009)/ LR5 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990), V9G (De Hoog & Gerrits van den Ende 1998)/ ITS4 (White et al. 1990), gpd1 / gpd2 (Berbee et al. 1999), RPB2-5F2 / fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999), and EF1-728F / EF1-986R (Carbone & Kohn 1999). The sequences were submitted in GenBank (SSU, ON237470 to ON237472; LSU, ON237464 to ON237466; ITS, ON197354 to ON197356; GAPDH, ON237476 to ON237478; RPB2, ON237467 to ON237469; EF-1, ON237473 to ON237475). BLAST result showed that SSU, LSU, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, and EF-1 sequences of NFUA01, NFUA02, and NFUA03 were identical to A. tenuissima at a high level (>99%, Table 1). A maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability analysis were performed by IQtree v. 1.6.8 and Mr. Bayes v. 3.2.6 with the concatenated sequences (Guindon et al. 2010; Ronquist et al. 2012). The representative strains which selected for Phylogenetic analyses were chosen from the strains which mentioned by Woudenberg et al (2013) and obtained the sequences from NCBI. The concatenated sequences placed NFUA01, NFUA02 and NFUA03 in the clade of Alternaria tenuissima with a high confidence level (ML/BI= 100/1). A pathogenicity assay was done using isolate NFUA01 on 3-year-old L. formosana seedlings. L. formosana leaves were wounded by a sterilized needle (0.5-mm-diam), and inoculated with spore suspension (106 conidia/mL), and L. formosana leaves inoculated with sterile water were used as the control. Each treatment had 5 leaves, and incubated at 25℃ under high moisture conditions. The experiments were conducted three times. Seven days after inoculation, leaves inoculated with spore suspension showed brown leaf blights resembling the original disease symptoms, whereas the control remained healthy. The fungus was reisolated from the lesions and was confirmed as A. tenuissima based on morphologically characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. tenuissima associated with leaf blight on L. formosana. The finding provides clear pathogen information for further evaluation of the disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qiao
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;
| | | | - Huan Li
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, College of Forestry, Nanjing, China;
| | | | - Fengmao Chen
- Nanjing Forestry University, 74584, College of Forestry, No.159, Longpan Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, China, 210037
- United States;
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Hoch D, Helnwein S, Adrizzone D, Lorch A, Fankhauser C, Hermanns T, Thalmann G, Beyer J. No Survival Differences among Germ-Cell Cancer Patients from Urban and Rural Areas. Oncol Res Treat 2023; 46:433-437. [PMID: 37573784 DOI: 10.1159/000533505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germ-cell cancer (GCC) is curable in the majority of men. However, previous reports have described inferior outcomes in men living in rural as compared to urban residential areas. METHODS We identified all GCC patients treated at two large university hospitals in Zürich and Bern, both in Switzerland, between 2010 and 2020 by retrospective chart review. In 400 patients from Zürich and 274 patients from Bern, details on presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted from medical records. For follow-up, we contacted referring centers or private physicians. Residential region was allocated according to the Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland. RESULTS We found no differences in initial presentation (clinical stage I [CSI] versus de novo metastatic), relapse rate in CSI patients, response in metastatic patients (favorable vs. unfavorable), progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) between patients from urban as compared to suburban or rural residential areas. PFS at 3 years for CSI patients was 78% (95% confidence interval 72-82%) and OS at 5 years was 98% (95% confidence interval 96-99%). PFS at 3 years for de novo metastatic patients was 74% (95% confidence interval 68-79%) and OS at 5 years was 86% (95% confidence interval 80-90%). CONCLUSION Treatment outcomes in GCC patients were excellent and comparable to international standards at both centers irrespective of the residential area of patients documenting equal access to high-level oncological care at both centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Hoch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Helnwein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Davide Adrizzone
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Oncocenter Hirslanden, Hirslanden Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Thalmann
- Department of Urology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Beyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bankole FA, Badu-Apraku B, Salami AO, Falade TDO, Bandyopadhyay R, Ortega-Beltran A. Variation in the morphology and effector profiles of Exserohilum turcicum isolates associated with the Northern Corn Leaf Blight of maize in Nigeria. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37563555 PMCID: PMC10413532 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize production in lowland agro-ecologies in West and Central Africa is constrained by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum, causal agent of Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB). Breeding for resistance to NCLB is considered the most effective management strategy. The strategy would be even more effective if there is adequate knowledge of the characteristics of E. turcicum in a target region. Maize leaves showing NCLB symptoms were collected during field surveys in three major maize growing areas in Nigeria: Ikenne, Ile-Ife, and Zaria during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 growing seasons to characterize E. turcicum populations interacting with maize using morphological and molecular criteria. RESULTS A total of 217 E. turcicum isolates were recovered. Most of the isolates (47%) were recovered from the Ikenne samples while the least were obtained from Zaria. All isolates were morphologically characterized. A subset of 124 isolates was analyzed for virulence effector profiles using three primers: SIX13-like, SIX5-like, and Ecp6. Inter- and intra-location variations among isolates was found in sporulation, growth patterns, and presence of the effectors. Candidate effector genes that condition pathogenicity and virulence in E. turcicum were found but not all isolates expressed the three effectors. CONCLUSION Morphological and genetic variation among E. turcicum isolates was found within and across locations. The variability observed suggests that breeding for resistance to NCLB in Nigeria requires selection for quantitative resistance to sustain the breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A Bankole
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
- First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Teoh SH, Wong GR, Teo WFA, Mazumdar P. First Report of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pectobacterium aroidearum Causing Bacterial Soft Rot on Curly Dwarf Pak Choy ( Brassica rapa var. Chinensis) in Malaysia. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37537794 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1239-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa var. Chinensis (curly dwarf pak choy) is commonly grown in large-scale vertical farming aquaponic systems. In October 2022, soft rot symptoms and dark brown lesions were observed on B. rapa grown in a commercial aquaponic farm located in Perak, Malaysia. The infected stem appeared brown and water soaked. Severely infected plants produced creamy white ooze on the surface before collapsing entirely (Fig. 1A and B). Infected leaves displayed yellow-brown symptoms and eventually rotted (Fig. 1C); the healthy plants were symptomless (Fig. 1D). About 20 % of the 20,000 B. rapa plants on the farm exhibited symptoms. Ten randomly selected symptomatic plants, five with infected stems and five with infected leaves, were surface sterilized. Each tissue (1.0 cm2) was homogenized and suspended in a saline solution. The suspensions were then serially diluted and plated separately on Luria-Bertani agar. After a 16-h incubation period, stem tissue yielded 12 isolated colonies, while leaf tissue produced 8 colonies. These isolates were subjected to dereplication using RAPD-PCR (Krzewinski et al., 2001), revealing two distinct RAPD patterns. The cultures, named Pathogen Stem 2 (PS2, obtained from the stem) and Pathogen Leaf 2 (PL2, obtained from the leaf), were initially identified as Pectobacterium sp. through 16S rRNA sequence analysis (Frank et al., 2008) on the EzBioCloud 16S database (Yoon et al., 2017). Further identification of the Pectobacterium species was conducted using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the icdA, mdh, proA, and mltD genes (Ma et al., 2007). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (OQ660180, OQ660181, and OR206482-OR206489). Based on MLSA phylogeny, PS2 and PL2 were identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pectobacterium aroidearum, respectively (Fig. 2A). Anaerobic assays confirmed their facultative anaerobic nature, while Gram staining revealed Gram-negative, rod-shaped morphology consistent with Pectobacterium (Fig. 2B and C). For the re-inoculation study, one-month-old healthy B. rapa plants were used. PS2 was inoculated into petioles, while PL2 was inoculated into leaves separately (3 biological replicates × 3 leaves for each replicate) using the prick inoculation method (Wei et al., 2019). Sterile needles were used to prick the plant tissues, and 10 µL of bacterial suspensions (2.40×109 CFU/mL) in saline were inoculated onto the pricked spots. Negative control using sterile saline was included. The inoculated plants were maintained in a controlled growth chamber (25 ± 1°C, relative humidity 80 ± 5%). After 48 hpi, the petiole tissue inoculated with PS2 showed bacterial soft rot symptoms (Fig. 1F) and leaves inoculated with PL2 appeared dark brown around the wound (Fig. 1G), similar to the symptoms observed in the commercial farm (Fig. 1B, C); while control plants remained asymptomatic (Fig. 1E). Bacteria were re-isolated from the inoculated petiole and leaf tissue and their identities were confirmed by RAPD-PCR. The RAPD profiles of the bacteria reisolated from the petiole and leaf tissues were the same as those of PS2 and PL2 respectively (Fig. 1H). The pathogenicity of PS2 and PL2 was thus confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial soft rot on B. rapa in aquaponic systems caused by P. carotovorum and P. aroidearum in Malaysia. The identification of these pathogens is crucial for the prevention of disease outbreaks and to develop an effective disease management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hua Teoh
- Universiti Malaya, 37447, CEBAR, kuala lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Gwo Rong Wong
- Universiti Malaya, 37447, CEBAR, kuala lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Wee Fei Aaron Teo
- Universiti Malaya, 37447, CEBAR, kuala lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Purabi Mazumdar
- Universiti Malaya, 37447, CEBAR, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR) Level 3 Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, kuala lumpur, kuala lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603
- University Malaya, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR) Level 3 Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Research Management & Innovation Complex University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, Malaysia;
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Lin Z, Wang T, Li Q, Bi Q, Wang Y, Luo Y, Feng F, Xiao M, Gu Y, Qiang J, Li H. Development and validation of MRI-based radiomics model to predict recurrence risk in patients with endometrial cancer: a multicenter study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5814-5824. [PMID: 37171486 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a fusion model based on clinicopathological factors and MRI radiomics features for the prediction of recurrence risk in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS A total of 421 patients with histopathologically proved EC (101 recurrence vs. 320 non-recurrence EC) from four medical centers were included in this retrospective study, and were divided into the training (n = 235), internal validation (n = 102), and external validation (n = 84) cohorts. In total, 1702 radiomics features were respectively extracted from areas with different extensions for each patient. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier was applied to establish the clinicopathological model (CM), radiomics model (RM), and fusion model (FM). The performance of the established models was assessed by the discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to further determine the prognostic value of the models by evaluating the differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) between the high- and low-risk patients of recurrence. RESULTS The FMs showed better performance compared with the models based on clinicopathological or radiomics features alone but with a reduced tendency when the peritumoral area (PA) was extended. The FM based on intratumoral area (IA) [FM (IA)] had the optimal performance in predicting the recurrence risk in terms of the ROC, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high-risk patients of recurrence defined by FM (IA) had a worse RFS than low-risk ones of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The FM integrating intratumoral radiomics features and clinicopathological factors could be a valuable predictor for the recurrence risk of EC patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT An accurate prediction based on our developed FM (IA) for the recurrence risk of EC could facilitate making an individualized therapeutic decision and help avoid under- or over-treatment, therefore improving the prognosis of patients. KEY POINTS • The fusion model combined clinicopathological factors and radiomics features exhibits the highest performance compared with the clinicopathological model and radiomics model. • Although higher values of area under the curve were observed for all fusion models, the performance tended to decrease with the extension of the peritumoral region. • Identifying patients with different risks of recurrence, the developed models can be used to facilitate individualized management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Lin
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qiu Bi
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
- Department of MRI, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yaoxin Wang
- Department of MRI, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yingwei Luo
- Department of Radiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, China
| | - Meiling Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yajia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jinwei Qiang
- Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Haiming Li
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Devi R, Sharma E, Thakur R, Lal P, Kumar A, Altaf MA, Singh B, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R. Non-dairy prebiotics: Conceptual relevance with nutrigenomics and mechanistic understanding of the effects on human health. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112980. [PMID: 37316060 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing health awareness of consumers has made a shift towards vegan and non-dairy prebiotics counterparts. Non-dairy prebiotics when fortified with vegan products have interesting properties and widely found its applications in food industry. The chief vegan products that have prebiotics added include water-soluble plant-based extracts (fermented beverages, frozen desserts), cereals (bread, cookies), and fruits (juices & jelly, ready to eat fruits). The main prebiotic components utilized are inulin, oligofructose, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, and xylooligosaccharides. Prebiotics' formulations, type and food matrix affect food products, host health, and technological attributes. Prebiotics from non-dairy sources have a variety of physiological effects that help to prevent and treat chronic metabolic diseases. This review focuses on mechanistic insight on non-dairy prebiotics affecting human health, how nutrigenomics is related to prebiotics development, and role of gene-microbes' interactions. The review will provide industries and researchers with important information about prebiotics, mechanism of non-dairy prebiotics and microbe interaction as well as prebiotic based vegan products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Richa Thakur
- Division of Silviculture and Forest Management, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | | | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India.
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Voigt I, Inojosa H, Wenk J, Akgün K, Ziemssen T. Building a monitoring matrix for the management of multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103358. [PMID: 37178996 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a longitudinal and heterogeneous course, with an increasing number of therapy options and associated risk profiles, leading to a constant increase in the number of parameters to be monitored. Even though important clinical and subclinical data are being generated, treating neurologists may not always be able to use them adequately for MS management. In contrast to the monitoring of other diseases in different medical fields, no target-based approach for a standardized monitoring in MS has been established yet. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a standardized and structured monitoring as part of MS management that is adaptive, individualized, agile, and multimodal-integrative. We discuss the development of an MS monitoring matrix which can help facilitate data collection over time from different dimensions and perspectives to optimize the treatment of people with MS (pwMS). In doing so, we show how different measurement tools can combined to enhance MS treatment. We propose to apply the concept of patient pathways to disease and intervention monitoring, not losing track of their interrelation. We also discuss the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the quality of processes, outcomes, and patient safety, as well as personalized and patient-centered care. Patient pathways allow us to track the patient's journey over time and can always change (e.g., when there is a switch in therapy). They therefore may assist us in the continuous improvement of monitoring in an iterative process. Improving the monitoring process means improving the care of pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Voigt
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hernan Inojosa
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Wenk
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Sung MC, Chung KP, Cheng SH. Impact of a diabetes pay-for-performance program on nonincentivized mental disorders: a panel study based on claims database analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 37415154 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-023-00450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases with subsequent complications. The positive effects of diabetes pay-for-performance (P4P) programs on treatment outcomes have been reported. The program provides financial incentives based on physiological care indicators, but common mental disorder complications such as depression are not covered. METHODS This study employed a natural experimental design to examine the spillover effects of diabetes P4P program on patients with nonincentivized depressive symptoms. The intervention group consisted of diabetes patients enrolled in the DM P4P program from 2010 to 2015. Unenrolled patients were selected by propensity score matching to form the comparison group. Difference-in-differences analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of P4P programs. We employed generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, difference-in-differences analyses and difference-in-difference-in-differences analyses to evaluate the net effect of diabetes P4P programs. Changes in medical expenses (outpatient and total health care costs) over time were analysed for the treatment and comparison groups. RESULTS The results showed that enrolled patients had a higher incidence of depressive symptoms than unenrolled patients. The outpatient and total care expenses of diabetes patients with depressive symptoms were lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group. Diabetes patients with depressive symptoms enrolled in the DM P4P program had lower expenses for depression-related care than those not enrolled in the program. CONCLUSIONS The DM P4P program benefits diabetes patients by screening for depressive symptoms and lowering accompanying health care expenses. These positive spillover effects may be an important aspect of physical and mental health in patients with chronic disease enrolled in disease management programs while contributing to the control of health care expenses for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chan Sung
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Piao Chung
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shou-Hsia Cheng
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University, 17, Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Park SM, Lee SY, Jung MH, Youn JC, Kim D, Cho JY, Cho DH, Hyun J, Cho HJ, Park SM, Choi JO, Chung WJ, Kang SM, Yoo BS. Korean Society of Heart Failure Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure: Management of the Underlying Etiologies and Comorbidities of Heart Failure. Int J Heart Fail 2023; 5:127-145. [PMID: 37554691 PMCID: PMC10406556 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with heart failure (HF) have multiple comorbidities, which impact their quality of life, aggravate HF, and increase mortality. Cardiovascular comorbidities include systemic and pulmonary hypertension, ischemic and valvular heart diseases, and atrial fibrillation. Non-cardiovascular comorbidities include diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney and pulmonary diseases, iron deficiency and anemia, and sleep apnea. In patients with HF with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors combined with calcium channel blockers and/or diuretics is an effective treatment regimen. Measurement of pulmonary vascular resistance via right heart catheterization is recommended for patients with HF considered suitable for implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices or as heart transplantation candidates. Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and reperfusion in patients with HF and angina pectoris refractory to antianginal medications. In patients with HF and atrial fibrillation, long-term anticoagulants are recommended according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Valvular heart diseases should be treated medically and/or surgically. In patients with HF and DM, metformin is relatively safer; thiazolidinediones cause fluid retention and should be avoided in patients with HF and dyspnea. In renal insufficiency, both volume status and cardiac performance are important for therapy guidance. In patients with HF and pulmonary disease, beta-blockers are underused, which may be related to increased mortality. In patients with HF and anemia, iron supplementation can help improve symptoms. In obstructive sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure therapy helps avoid severe nocturnal hypoxia. Appropriate management of comorbidities is important for improving clinical outcomes in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Darae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Hyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Mi Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Park SM, Lee SY, Jung MH, Youn JC, Kim D, Cho JY, Cho DH, Hyun J, Cho HJ, Park SM, Choi JO, Chung WJ, Kang SM, Yoo BS. Korean Society of Heart Failure Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure: Management of the Underlying Etiologies and Comorbidities of Heart Failure. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:425-451. [PMID: 37525389 PMCID: PMC10406530 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with heart failure (HF) have multiple comorbidities, which impact their quality of life, aggravate HF, and increase mortality. Cardiovascular comorbidities include systemic and pulmonary hypertension, ischemic and valvular heart diseases, and atrial fibrillation. Non-cardiovascular comorbidities include diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney and pulmonary diseases, iron deficiency and anemia, and sleep apnea. In patients with HF with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors combined with calcium channel blockers and/or diuretics is an effective treatment regimen. Measurement of pulmonary vascular resistance via right heart catheterization is recommended for patients with HF considered suitable for implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices or as heart transplantation candidates. Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis and reperfusion in patients with HF and angina pectoris refractory to antianginal medications. In patients with HF and atrial fibrillation, long-term anticoagulants are recommended according to the CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Valvular heart diseases should be treated medically and/or surgically. In patients with HF and DM, metformin is relatively safer; thiazolidinediones cause fluid retention and should be avoided in patients with HF and dyspnea. In renal insufficiency, both volume status and cardiac performance are important for therapy guidance. In patients with HF and pulmonary disease, beta-blockers are underused, which may be related to increased mortality. In patients with HF and anemia, iron supplementation can help improve symptoms. In obstructive sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure therapy helps avoid severe nocturnal hypoxia. Appropriate management of comorbidities is important for improving clinical outcomes in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Incheon Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Darae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuk Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Hyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Mi Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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Holkar SK, Ghotgalkar PS, Lodha TD, Bhanbhane VC, Shewale SA, Markad H, Shabeer ATP, Saha S. Biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi originated from grapevine leaves for management of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:258. [PMID: 37405269 PMCID: PMC10314888 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 51 fungal endophytes (FEs) were isolated, purified and identified from the healthy leaf segments of ten grapevine varieties based on the spore and colony morphologies and ITS sequence information. The FEs belonged to the Ascomycota division comprising eight genera viz., Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Daldinia, Exserohilum, Fusarium and Nigrospora. The in vitro direct confrontation assay against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides revealed that six isolates viz., VR8 (70%), SB2 (83.15%), CS2 (88.42%), MN3 (88.42%), MS5 (78.94%) and MS15 (78.94%) inhibited the mycelial growth of test pathogen. The remaining 45 fungal isolates showed 20-59.9% growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides. Indirect confrontation assay manifested that the isolates MN1 and MN4a showed 79.09% and 78.18% growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides followed by MM4 (73.63%) and S5 (71.81%) isolates. Isolate S5 and MM4 were found to produce azulene and 1,3-Cyclopentanedione, 4,4-dimethyl as antimicrobial volatile organic compounds, respectively. The 38 FEs showed PCR amplification using internal transcribed spacer universal primers. The BLAST search revealed highest similarity with the existing sequences in the database. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the occurrence of seven distinct clusters each corresponding to single genus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03675-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath K. Holkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Prabhavati S. Ghotgalkar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Tushar D. Lodha
- National Centre of Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra 411 007 India
| | - Vrushali C. Bhanbhane
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Shraddha A. Shewale
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
- Present Address: Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra 413 705 India
| | - Harshvardhan Markad
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - A. T. P. Shabeer
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
| | - Sujoy Saha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra 412307 India
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Mahic M, Bozorg A, DeCourcy J, Golden K, Gibson G, Taylor C, Scowcroft A. Physician- and patient-reported perspectives on myasthenia gravis in Europe: a real-world survey. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:169. [PMID: 37386469 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic, debilitating, unpredictable, and potentially life-threatening neuromuscular disease. There is a lack of real-world data on disease management that could be used to further understand and address unmet patient needs and burden. We aimed to provide comprehensive real-world insights in the management of MG in five European countries. METHODS Data were collected using the Adelphi Real World Disease Specific Programme™ in MG, a point-in-time survey of physicians and their patients with MG in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Physician- and patient-reported clinical data were collected, including demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, disease history, treatments, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and quality of life outcomes. RESULTS In total, 144 physicians completed 778 patient record forms from March to July 2020 in the UK, and from June to September 2020 in France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Mean patient age at symptom onset was 47.7 years, with a mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis of 332.4 days (10.97 months). At diagnosis, 65.3% of patients were classified as Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Class II or above. Mean number of symptoms reported at diagnosis per patient was five, with ocular myasthenia reported in at least 50% of patients. At time of survey completion, the mean number of symptoms reported per patient was five and ocular myasthenia and ptosis were each still present in more than 50% of patients. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were the most commonly prescribed chronic treatments in all countries. Of 657 patients treated with chronic treatment at the time of the survey, 62% continued to experience moderate-to-severe symptoms. On average, 3.1 healthcare professionals (HCPs) were involved in patient management, 6.2 consultations were made per patient with any HCP over the last 12 months, and 178 (22.9%) patients were hospitalized in the last 12 months. Overall, HCRU and disease management were similar across all countries. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the high burden of MG despite current treatment options for patients with MG.
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Silva Luz M, Lemos FFB, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Marques HS, de Oliveira Silva LG, Calmon MS, da Costa Evangelista K, Freire de Melo F. Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19: Insights in pathogenesis and clinical management. World J Virol 2023; 12:193-203. [PMID: 37396702 PMCID: PMC10311577 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v12.i3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a major challenge to be faced in recent years. While adults suffered the highest morbidity and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019, children were thought to be exclusively asymptomatic or to present with mild conditions. However, around April 2020, there was an outbreak of a new clinical syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 in children - multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) - which comprises a severe and uncon-trolled hyperinflammatory response with multiorgan involvement. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers a suspected case of MIS-C an individual aged < 21 years presenting with fever, high inflammatory markers levels, and evidence of clinically severe illness, with multisystem (> 2) organ involvement, no alternative plausible diagnoses, and positive for recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite its severity, there are no definitive disease management guidelines for this condition. Conversely, the complex pathogenesis of MIS-C is still not completely understood, although it seems to rely upon immune dysregulation. Hence, in this study, we aim to bring together current evidence regarding the pathogenic mechanisms of MIS-C, clinical picture and management, in order to provide insights for clinical practice and implications for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Al Hammadi A, Parmar NV, Aljefri K, Al Sharif O, Abdallah M, Ahmed HM, Ammoury A. Review on Alopecia Areata in the Middle East and Africa: Landscape and Unmet Needs. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023:10.1007/s13555-023-00946-8. [PMID: 37338721 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss in adults and children. Clinical manifestations range from hair loss in small, well-circumscribed patches to total hair loss on the scalp or any other hair-bearing areas. Although the exact pathogenesis of AA is not fully understood, it is thought that loss of immune privilege caused by immunological dysregulation of the hair follicle is key. Genetic susceptibility also plays a role. Response to currently available treatments is widely variable, causing patient dissatisfaction and creating an unmet need. AA is frequently associated with multiple comorbidities, further affecting patient quality of life. AIMS AND FINDINGS AA causes a significant burden on dermatologists and healthcare systems in the Middle East and Africa. There is a lack of data registries, local consensus, and treatment guidelines in the region. Limited public awareness, availability of treatments, and patient support need to be addressed to improve disease management in the region. A literature review was conducted to identify relevant publications and highlight regional data on prevalence rates, diagnosis, quality of life, treatment modalities, and unmet needs for AA in the Middle East and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nisha V Parmar
- Department of Dermatology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Osama Al Sharif
- King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Alfred Ammoury
- Division of Dermatology, St George University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Perets S, Fooks J, Ezra D. "Star like" disease of persimmon ( Diospyros kaki) fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea in Israel. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37294157 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0571-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During May 2016, a corky textured, "star like" symptom, located at the apex on the far side of the fruit was observed on young persimmon fruitlets (Fig. 1), on several persimmon varieties in plantations located along the Mediterranean Sea coast. The lesions caused cosmetic damage, which disqualified the fruit from marketing and can affect as much as 50% of the fruit in the orchard. Symptoms were correlated with the presence of wilting flower parts (petals and stamens) attached to the fruitlet (Fig. 1). Fruitlets with no flower parts attached did not develop the corky star symptom, while almost all fruitlets with an attached wilted flower parts had symptoms underneath the flower parts. Flower parts and fruitlets displaying the phenomenon were sampled (orchard near the town of Zichron Yaccov) and used for fungi isolation. At least ten fruitlets were surface sterilized by immersion in 1% NaOCl for 1 min. Pieces of the infected tissue were then placed on 0.25% potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 12 µg/mL tetracycline (Sigma, Rehovot, Israel). In addition, the inner parts of at least ten moldy flowers were placed on 0.25% PDA supplemented with tetracycline and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Two fungi were isolated from the flower parts and the symptomatic fruitlets: Alternaria sp. and Botrytis sp. Koch postulates were conducted by inoculating 10 µl of conidial suspension of each fungus (105 conidia/ml in H2O, single spore originated), on four wounds, made by puncturing a 2 mm deep hole with 21G sterile syringe needle, on the apex of surface sterilized, small, green fruits. Fruits were placed in sealed 2-liter plastic boxes. Symptoms similar to those found on the fruitlets in the orchards were observed on the fruit inoculated with Botrytis sp. (corky like, but not in the shape of stars) about 14 days post inoculation. Botrytis sp. was re-isolated from the symptomatic fruit to fulfill Koch's postulates. Alternaria and water inoculation did not cause any symptoms. The Botrytis sp. colonies, when grown on PDA, grow initially as white colonies becoming gray to brown after about seven days. Elliptical conidia, 8 to 12 μm long and 6 to 10 μm wide, were observed under light microscope. Isolate Pers-1, incubated at 21°C for 21 days, produced blackish, spherical to irregular microsclerotia, ranging from 0.55 to 4 mm (width and length, respectively). For molecular characterization of the Botrytis sp. isolate, Pers-1, fungal genomic DNA was extracted as previously described by Freeman et al. (2013). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence region of rDNA was amplified using ITS1/ITS4 primers (White et al. 1990), and sequenced. ITS analysis revealed that it belongs to genus Botrytis (MT573470.1 with 99.80% identity). For further confirmation, nuclear protein-coding genes (RPB2 and BT-1, Malkuset et al. 2006 and Glass et al. 1995) were sequenced and found to have 99.87% and 99.80% identity to Botrytis cinerea Pers. Sequences, deposited in GenBank as accessions OQ286390, OQ587946 and OQ409867, respectively. Botrytis was previously reported to cause persimmon fruit scarring and damage of calyces (Rheinländer et al. 2013) and fruit rot during post-harvest (Barkai-Golan. 2001), yet to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing "star like" corky symptoms on persimmon in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Perets
- Advanced solutions for crop protection, Hadera, Israel;
| | - Joshua Fooks
- Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center, 42718, Plant Pathology and weed research, Rishon LeZion, Israel;
| | - David Ezra
- Agricultural Research Organization Volcani Center, 42718, Plant Pathology and weed research, Rishon LeZion, Israel;
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Cao Q, Zong J, Zhang Z, Liu W, Li T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Jiang J. Pyroptosis in fish research: A promising target for disease management. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023:108866. [PMID: 37277049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death pathway that plays an essential role in the host's defense against pathogenic infections. This process is orchestrated by inflammasomes, which are intricate multiprotein complexes that orchestrate the activation of caspase and instigate the liberation of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, gasdermin family proteins execute their role by forming pores in the cell membrane, ultimately leading to cell lysis. In recent years, pyroptosis has emerged as a promising target for disease management in fish, particularly in the context of infectious diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding regarding the role of pyroptosis in fish, focusing on its involvement in host-pathogen interactions and its potential as a therapeutic target. We also highlighted the latest advancements in the field development of pyroptosis inhibitors and their potential applications in fish disease management. Subsequently, we deliberate on the obstacles and future prospects for pyroptosis research in fish, emphasizing the necessity of conducting more comprehensive investigations to unravel the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing this process across diverse fish species and environmental contexts. Finally, this review will also highlight the current limitations and future perspectives of pyroptosis research in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiali Zong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zslahihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Rotich E, Mmbaga MT. Data on plant defense enzyme activity associated with three endophytes against Cornus florida Erysiphe pulchra powdery mildew. Data Brief 2023; 48:109220. [PMID: 37228416 PMCID: PMC10205428 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three bacteria endophytes that colonize flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) suppressed Erysiphe pulchra powdery mildew disease severity. The three bacteria identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. (B17A), Serratia marcescens (B17B), and Bacillus thuringiensis (IMC8) were assessed for plant defense enzymes associated with plant protection. Detached leaves inoculated with powdery mildew were spray treated with the selected bacterial isolates and incubated for 15 h, 26 h, 48 h and 72 h and then analyzed for activation of defense enzymes and Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins associated with induced systemic resistance (ISR) as a potential mode of action against powdery mildew. At each time point post treatment with the bacteria, leaf tissue was ground in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C for biochemical assay of enzyme activity. This data set presents the activation of enzyme activity for peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and β -1,3-glucanase at 15 h, 26 h, 48 h and 72 h post treatment with bacteria as indicated by a change in absorbance min -1 mg-1 per gram fresh weight of leaves. The gene expression of the corresponding pathogenesis related (PR) protein for each bacterial treatment compared to the control was also analyzed using Real time PCR and five primers targeting PR1, PR2, and PR5. While changes for PO, PPO, and β -1,3-glucanase enzyme activities were observed at different time points post treatment with all three bacteria, expression of PR protein was detected for PR1, but it was negligible for PR2, and PR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rotich
- South University in Nashville, 616 Marriott Dr. Nashville, TN 37214, USA
| | - Margaret T. Mmbaga
- Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd. Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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Chung KH. [Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Gallstones]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2023; 81:203-208. [PMID: 37226820 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gallstones are relatively common in the general population, and the clinical presentation is asymptomatic in most patients or has a benign course, such as biliary colic or vague gastrointestinal symptoms. On the other hand, it sometimes causes life-threatening complications, such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis. Asymptomatic gallstones do not require specific treatment, but a cholecystectomy may be necessary if the patient has a high risk of complications or gallbladder cancer. Abdominal ultrasonography is the most useful diagnostic tool for gallstones, which shows high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, endoscopic ultrasonography may be helpful when typical symptoms of gallstones are present, but gallstones are not identified with abdominal ultrasonography. Abdominal CT, MRCP, or ERCP help identify complications or other accompanying diseases caused by gallstones. Oral bile acid dissolution therapy can be attempted by administering ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid if gallstones are confirmed, but the related symptoms are mild or atypical, and the patient is unable/unwilling to undergo a cholecystectomy. A high success rate can be achieved when the treatment candidate is appropriately selected. The disadvantages of oral bile acid dissolution therapy are that there are few appropriate candidates, long-term treatment is required, and the gallstone frequently recurs when the treatment is discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hyun Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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133
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Hatlen RJ, Swift R, Miles LA, Byrne J, Miles TD. First Report of Colletotrichum fioriniae Infecting Hop ( Humulus lupulus) in Michigan. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37172977 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0195-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In July of 2020, a hop (Humulus lupulus L.) grower in Berrien County, Michigan submitted 'Chinook' leaf samples to MSU Plant & Pest Diagnostics. The leaves were covered in small, tan colored lesions, with a small chlorotic halo with an approximate diameter of 5 mm. The grower reported that foliar lesions were in the lower 2 m of the fully developed hop canopy. Disease incidence and severity were estimated at approximately 20% and 5 to 10%, respectively. After incubation at 100% relative humidity, acervuli with orange spore masses and a few setae were present. A pure culture was obtained from these sporulating lesions using water agar. The isolate was hyphal tipped onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and stored in a glycerol-salt solution at -80o C (isolate CL001) (Miles et al. 2011). On PDA, cultures displayed gray growth on the top of the colony and a red color on the underside of the Petri dish. After 14 days, acervuli with no setae appeared exuding orange conidial masses on the surface of the culture. Conidia were hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled and rounded at the ends and measured on average 15.89 μm (13.81 to 16.91 μm) × 7.26 (6.82 to 8.41 μm) (n = 20). The color and size of the conidia matched other descriptions of C. acutatum sensu lato (Damm et al. 2012). Four loci (ITS/515 bp - OQ026167, GAPDH/238 bp - OQ230832, CHS1/228 bp -OQ230830, and TUB2/491 bp - OQ230831) were amplified from isolate CL001 (using the primers ITS1/ITS4, GDF1/GDR1, CSH-79f/CHS-354R, and T1/Bt-2b, respectively) and had 100% pairwise identity with C. fioriniae 125396 (JQ948299, JQ948629, JQ948960, JQ949950, respectively, Damm et al. 2012). The GAPDH, CSH1, and TUB2 sequences from isolate CL001 were trimmed, concatenated and aligned with 31 different members of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato and C. gloesporioides 356878 (Damm et al. 2012; Kennedy et al. 2022). The alignment was then used to produce a maximum likehood phylogenetic tree using Geneious Prime (Biomatters Ltd.) with the PHYML add on using the HKY + G model (G = 0.34) (Guindon et al. 2010). Isolate CL001 had the closest similarity to C. fioriniae with a bootstrap value of 100. Pathogenicity tests were performed on 2 month-old 'Chinook' hop plants. Twelve plants were inoculated with 50 ml of a conidial suspension (7.95 x 106 conidia/ml) of isolate CL001 (n = 6) or water (n = 6) using a spray bottle until runoff. Inoculated plants were sealed in clear plastic bags and grown in a greenhouse at 21o C with a photoperiod of 14 h. After 7 days, lesions appeared on the hop plants inoculated with CL001, but no symptoms appeared on the water inoculated hop plants. Lesions with a chlorotic halo were observed but they were smaller than field lesions and no setae were present (approx. 1 mm in diam.). Leaves were surface sterilized (0.3% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15 s and then rinsed three times) and the leading margin of the lesions or healthy tissue (water control) were placed on 1% ampicillin amended PDA. Fungal isolates on PDA morphologically matched C. fioriniae were recovered from all CL001-inoculated plants. No C. fioriniae isolates were recovered from the water-inoculated plants. Based on conidial morphology, the four loci, and the phylogenetic tree, isolate CL001 was identified as C. fioriniae. This is the first report of Colletotrichum fioriniae (syn = Glomerella acutata var. fioriniae Marcelino & Gouli) infecting common hop and further investigation is needed to determine if management is needed for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Joaquin Hatlen
- Michigan State University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 115974, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, Michigan, United States;
| | | | - Laura Avila Miles
- Michigan State University, 3078, Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Plant & Pest Diagnostics, 578 Wilson Road, CIPS Room 114, EAST LANSING, Michigan, United States, 48824;
| | - Jan Byrne
- Michigan State University, Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, 114 CIPS, Diagnostic Services, East Lansing, Michigan, United States, 48824-6469;
| | - Timothy D Miles
- Michigan State University, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, 105 CIPS, East Lansing, Michigan, United States, 48824;
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Dilla-Ermita CJ, Goldman PH, Jaime JH, Ramos G, Pennerman KK, Henry PM. First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae race 2 causing Fusarium wilt of strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa) in California. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37134247 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0217-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In California, Fusarium wilt of strawberry is widespread and causes significant yield losses. Resistant cultivars with the FW1 gene were protected against Fusarium wilt because all strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) in California were race 1 (i.e., avirulent to FW1-resistant cultivars) (Henry et al. 2017; Pincot, et al. 2018; Henry et al. 2021). In the fall of 2022, severe wilt disease was observed in an organic, summer-planted strawberry field in Oxnard, California. Fusarium wilt symptoms were common and included wilted foliage, deformed and highly chlorotic leaflets, and crown discoloration. The field was planted with Portola, a cultivar with the FW1 gene that is resistant to Fof race 1 (Pincot et al. 2018; Henry et al. 2021). Two samples, each consisting of four plants, were collected from two different locations within the field. Crown extracts from each sample were tested for Fof, Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium dahliae, and Phytophthora spp. by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) (Steele et al. 2022). Petioles were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes and plated on Komada's medium to select for Fusarium spp. (Henry et al. 2021; Komada, 1975). The RPA results were positive for M. phaseolina in one sample and negative for all four pathogens in the other sample. Salmon-colored, fluffy mycelia grew profusely from petioles of both samples. Colony morphology and non-septate, ellipsoidal microconidia (6.0-13 μm × 2.8-4.0 μm) borne on monophialides resembled F. oxysporum. Single hyphal tip isolation of fourteen cultures (P1-P14) was done to purify single genotypes. None of these pure cultures amplified with Fof-specific qPCR (Burkhardt et al. 2019), confirming the negative result obtained with RPA. Translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) was amplified using EF1/EF2 primers (O'Donnell et al. 1998) from three isolates. Amplicons were sequenced (GenBank OQ183721) and found through BLAST search to have 100% identity with an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (GenBank FJ985297). There was at least one nucleotide difference when compared to all known strains of Fof race 1 (Henry et al. 2021). Five isolates (P2, P3, P6, P12, and P13) and an Fof race 1 control isolate (GL1315) were tested for pathogenicity on Fronteras (FW1) and Monterey (fw1; susceptible to race 1). Five plants per isolate × cultivar combination were inoculated by dipping roots in 5 × 106 conidia per mL of 0.1% water agar, or in sterile 0.1% water agar for the negative control, and grown as described by Jenner and Henry (2022). After six weeks, all non-inoculated control plants remained healthy while plants of both cultivars inoculated with the five isolates were severely wilted. Petiole assays yielded colonies identical in appearance to the inoculated isolates. For Fof race 1-inoculated plants, wilt symptoms were observed in Monterey but not in Fronteras. This experiment was repeated with P2, P3, P12, and P13 on another FW1 cultivar, San Andreas, and the same results were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae race 2 in California. Losses to Fusarium wilt are likely to increase until genetic resistance to this strain of Fof race 2 is deployed in commercially viable cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Jade Dilla-Ermita
- University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Sciences, One Shields Ave, Davis, California, United States, 95616;
| | - Polly H Goldman
- USDA, 1097, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, United States;
| | - Jose H Jaime
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, United States;
| | - Gerardo Ramos
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, United States;
| | - Kayla K Pennerman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, United States;
| | - Peter Montgomery Henry
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, California, United States, 93905;
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Wint W, Mitchell A, Alexander N, Ellerbeck J, Enticott G, Hogarth P, Prosser A, Lambert L, Hackett D, Tait N, Tiller J, Upton P. Challenges and opportunities of sharing animal health data for research and disease management: a case study of bovine tuberculosis. REV SCI TECH OIE 2023; 42:75-82. [PMID: 37232317 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The sharing of animal disease data should be encouraged. The analysis of such data will broaden our knowledge of animal diseases and potentially provide insights into their management. However, the need to conform to data protection rules in the sharing of such data for analysis purposes often poses practical difficulties. This paper sets out the challenges and the methods used for the sharing of animal health data in England, Scotland and Wales - Great Britain - using bovine tuberculosis (bTB) data as a case study. The data sharing described is undertaken by the Animal and Plant Health Agency on behalf of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Welsh and Scottish Governments. It should be noted that animal health data are held at the level of Great Britain (rather than the United Kingdom - which includes Northern Ireland), as Northern Ireland's Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs has its own separate data systems. Bovine tuberculosis is the most significant and costly animal health problem facing cattle farmers in England and Wales. It can be devastating for farmers and farming communities and the control costs for taxpayers in Great Britain are over £150 million a year. The authors describe two methods of data sharing - first, where data are requested by, and delivered to, an academic institution for epidemiological or scientific analysis, and second, where data are proactively published in an accessible and meaningful way. They provide details of an example of the second method, namely, the free-to-access website ‘information bovine TB' (https://ibtb.co.uk), which publishes bTB data for the benefit of the farming community and veterinary health professionals.
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Adam T, Parmin NA, Husein I, Hashim U. An update on pathogenesis and clinical scenario for Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and treatment. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37124989 PMCID: PMC10134733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases, Parkinson's disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson's disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a major cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better methods of detection. Treatment of Parkinson's disease is also complicated due to the difficulties of medications passing across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the conventional methods fail to solve the aforementioned issues. As a result, new methods are needed to detect and treat Parkinson's disease. Improved diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease can help avoid some of its devastating symptoms. This review explores how nanotechnology platforms, such as nanobiosensors and nanomedicine, have improved Parkinson's disease detection and treatment. Nanobiosensors integrate science and engineering principles to detect Parkinson's disease. The main advantages are their low cost, portability, and quick and precise analysis. Moreover, nanotechnology can transport medications in the form of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. However, because nanobiosensors are a novel technology, their use in biological systems is limited. Nanobiosensors have the potential to disrupt cell metabolism and homeostasis, changing cellular molecular profiles and making it difficult to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nanoparticles, on the other hand, produce neurotoxicity, which is a challenge in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Techniques must be developed to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena and to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M. K. Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N. A. Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Irzaman Husein
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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Kuckuck EC, Hennenlotter J, Todenhöfer T, Brünn LA, Rass GC, Stenzl A, Hakenberg OW, Roghmann F, Goebell PJ, Grimm MO, Pycha A, Bolenz C, Burger M, Benderska-Söder N, Schmitz-Dräger BJ. Discriminative capacity of guideline recommendations in the assessment of patients with asymptomatic microhematuria. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:254.e1-254.e8. [PMID: 36274029 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Asymptomatic microhematuria (aMh) remains a diagnostic challenge in urological practice: while aMh is a risk factor of urothelial carcinoma (UC), prevalence of aMh is high. Guidelines were developed to permit risk stratification and reduce diagnostic workload. This study investigates the efficacy of several recommendations. MATERIAL & METHODS Sixty hundred eight patients with newly diagnosed aMh without previous UC from an academic referral center (A; n = 320) and a private outpatient clinic (B; n = 288) were included. All patients underwent clinical workup including medical history, urine cytology, upper tract imaging and cystoscopy. Eleven former and current guidelines were applied to each patient individually; every patient was classified as either low risk (no further workup recommended) or high risk. Furthermore, a recently developed nomogram for hematuria assessment was included. RESULTS The cohort comprised 142 females and 466 males (mean age 62 [range 18-92] years). Sixty-one patients (10.0%) were diagnosed with UC. Excluding the Swedish and recent NICE guideline generally advising against urologic workup, application of 9 other recommendations would have diagnosed all UCs and saved 1.6% to 16.1% of patients from workup. For the 2020 US guideline, solely applied to cohort B, 10.6% of patients were classified as low risk. The use of the nomogram would have saved 17.1% to 25% of patients from workup. CONCLUSIONS Practical relevance of current guidelines is limited as they do not sufficiently identify patients not requiring clinical work up. Thus, guideline adherence may trigger overdiagnosis and even overtreatment. New ways of risk stratification are needed to improve aMh assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karl University, Tuebingen, Germany; Studienpraxis Urologie, Nürtingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard-Karl University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Armin Pycha
- General Hospital of Bolzano, Department of Urology, Bolzano, Italy; Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Medical School Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of Urology, St. Josefs Hospital, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd J Schmitz-Dräger
- Urologie 24, Nuremberg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Clinic, Erlangen, Germany.
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138
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Poureslami I, Hohn RE, Kopec JA, Sawatzky R, Aaron SD, Gupta S, Goldstein R, Boulet LP, Tregobov N, Shum J. Evaluation of a New Performance-Based Health Literacy Measurement Tool for Individuals With Chronic Airways Disease. Respir Care 2023; 68:638-648. [PMID: 36411057 PMCID: PMC10171345 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low health literacy is a global challenge. Health literacy is positively correlated with chronic airways disease desirable outcomes. Despite the importance of health literacy in disease management, current health literacy measurement tools are suboptimal. As part of a multi-stage project to develop a performance-based, disease-specific Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT) for individuals with chronic airways disease, this study assessed the relationships between the VAHLT scores and characteristics of patients with chronic airways disease. The primary aim of the study was to provide preliminary evidence of construct validity of the VAHLT. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was applied. Study subjects were recruited from 6 specialty care clinics to complete the VAHLT measurement tool. Demographic and clinical data, including quality of life and disease control, were collected via validated questionnaires. The study subjects also completed a spirometry test. Inferential analysis was conducted by using mean difference testing and correlational methods. RESULTS A total of 320 subjects were recruited, and, after imputing missing data, 315 were ultimately analyzed. The subjects were predominantly women (61%), white (83%), had a post-high-school education (74%), and a mean ± SD age of 65.2 ± 13.2 y. Age was significantly negatively correlated with the VAHLT scores (P = .004); the subjects with a post-high school education had significantly higher VAHLT scores than those with a high school education or less (P < .001). No significant sex or ethnicity related differences in VAHLT scores were observed. For clinical outcomes, no significant differences were found between the VAHLT scores and disease severity or measures of quality of life and asthma control. CONCLUSIONS We report a chronic airways disease-specific health literacy measurement tool developed with the involvement of patients and professionals. Age and education were highly correlated with health literacy, which emphasizes the importance of addressing these factors in health literacy interventions among patients with chronic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Poureslami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Canadian Multicultural Health Promotion Society, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ric E Hohn
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacek A Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rick Sawatzky
- School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shawn D Aaron
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Unity Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Roger Goldstein
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Tregobov
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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139
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Mahmoudi H, Faizi F, Rahimi A, Zandi S. An exploration into the challenges of managing the COVID-19 pandemic in mass education centers in Iran: A qualitative content analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:61-67. [PMID: 37309434 PMCID: PMC10257566 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Iran's mass education centers, which house a large number of trainees, encountered numerous difficulties in managing the disease. Understanding these challenges can help manage future pandemics. This study was conducted to explore the challenges of managing the COVID-19 pandemic in mass education centers in Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study, we used a qualitative content analysis of data collected from June to October 2022 in eight mass education centers in Iran. Semi-structured interviews (n=19) were used for data collection. Results: Four main themes and eleven subthemes were identified: The essence of dormitory life (Subthemes included: "The high population density in the dormitory", "Public toilets" and, Interprovincial travel), the inflexibility of the profession (Subthemes included: "Inapplicable health protocols" and, "Inflexible rules and regulations"), Negligence (Subthemes included: "Not adhering to health protocols", "Non acceptance of illness", and "High-risk taking"), and Weakness of health-care platform (Subthemes included: "shortage of healthcare facilities", "Lack of specialized personnel", and "The uni-dimensional aspect of healthcare services"). Conclusion: We identified several challenges that made the handling of COVID-19 difficult in Iran's centers for mass education. These findings can help future research in addressing the challenges and designing adaptable plans for pandemic management in mass education centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Mahmoudi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fakhrudin Faizi
- Atherosclerosis Research Center and Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rahimi
- Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirdel Zandi
- School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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140
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Ramachandran V, Wyatt N, Rivera Santiago E, Neher O, Weiland J, Bolton M. First report of Pepper yellow dwarf strain of Beet curly top virus and Spinach curly top Arizona virus in red table beet in Idaho, United States. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37102723 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-22-2855-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the fall 2021, red table beet plants (Beta vulgaris L. cv 'Eagle') exhibiting stunted growth with shorter petioles were observed at an incidence of 10 to 15 percent in a production field in Payette County, Idaho, United States. In addition to stunting, beet leaves displayed yellowing and mild curling and crumpling, and the roots exhibited hairy root symptoms (sFig.1). To identify potential causal viruses, total RNA was isolated from the leaf and root tissue using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and subjected to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Two libraries were prepared, one for the leaf sample and another for the root sample using a ribo-minus TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). HTS was performed with 150 bp paired-end sequencing on a NovaSeq 6000 (Novogene, Sacramento, CA). Following adapter trimming and removal of host transcripts, 5.9 and 16.2 million reads were obtained from the leaf and root samples, respectively. These reads were de novo assembled using the SPAdes assembler (Bankevitch et al., 2012; Prjibelski et al., 2020). The assembled leaf sample contigs were aligned to the NCBI non-redundant database to identify contigs matching known viruses. A single contig of 2845 nts that shared 96% coverage and 95.6% sequence identity to the pepper yellow dwarf strain of beet curly top virus (BCTV-PeYD, EU921828; Varsani et al., 2014), and 98% coverage and 98.39% identity with an isolate of BCTV-PeYD (KX529650) from Mexico, was identified in the leaf sample (GenBank Accession OP477336). To validate the HTS detection of BCTV-PeYD, total DNA was isolated from the leaf sample and a 454 bp fragment of the C1 gene (replication-associate protein) was PCR amplified and Sanger sequencing of the amplicon revealed 99.7% identity to the HTS assembled BCTV-PeYD sequence. In addition to the PeYD strain of BCTV, the Worland strain of BCTV (BCTV-Wor) was detected as a single 2930 nt contig with 100% coverage and 97.3% identity to the BCTV-Wor isolate CTS14-015 (KX867045) known to infect sugar beet in Idaho. Of note, there are 11 strains of BCTV and among those, the BCTV-Wor strain induces mild symptoms in sugar beet (Strausbaugh et al., 2017), whereas BCTV-PeYD was found only in pepper from New Mexico. Further, two contigs of 2201 nts and 523 nts were assembled generating a nearly complete genome of spinach curly top Arizona virus (SpCTAV) in the leaf sample with 99% coverage and 99.3% identity (GenBank Accession OQ703946) to the reference genome of SpCTAV (HQ443515; Hernandez-Zepeda et al., 2013). To validate the HTS results, total DNA was isolated from the leaf tissue and PCR amplified a 442 bp fragment that overlaps the V1, V2, and V3 ORFs and its sequence revealed 100% identity with the HTS assembled SpCTAV. The roots sample also showed HTS reads corresponding to BCTV-PeYD and SpCTAV. In addition, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was detected in the root sample with 30% coverage, but no sequence reads matching to BNYVV was detected in the leaf sample. BNYVV is known to infect sugar beet causing rhizomania (Tamada et al., 1973; Schirmer et al., 2005). To further confirm the BNYVV HTS results, total RNA was extracted separately from the root and leaf tissue, and RT-PCR was performed with primers that were designed to amplify portions of BNYVV RNAs (Weiland et al., 2020). RT-PCR analysis generated the appropriate amplicons with expected sequences corresponding to the RNA-1, RNA-2, RNA-3, and RNA-4 of BNYVV as determined by Sanger sequencing implying BNYVV the causal agent of hairy root symptoms. Similar to observations seen for BNYVV infection in conventional sugar beet varieties, no amplification was detected for BNYVV in the RNA extracted from leaf tissue, indicating that the RT-PCR results are consistent with the HTS analysis. This is the first report of BCTV-PeYD and SpCTAV observed naturally infecting red table beet in Idaho suggesting the geographical expansion of these viruses. The co-existence of BCTV-PeYD and SpCTAV with limited host range needs to be investigated to determine the actual cause of the observed foliar symptoms. This report provides the basis for further research to understand the pathogenic nature of these viruses and their potential threat to red table beet and sugar beet production in Idaho.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Wyatt
- USDA-ARS Northern Plains Area, 57644, Cereal Crops Research Unit, 1616 Albrect Drive, Fargo, ND 58102, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80526-8116;
| | - Eric Rivera Santiago
- USDA-ARS, 1307 N 18TH ST, NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABORATORY, Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58102;
| | - Oliver Neher
- The Amalgamated Sugar Company LLC, Boise, Idaho, United States;
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141
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Cowger C, Read QD, Clark L, Dong Y. Optimal timing of fungicide application to manage Fusarium head blight in winter barley. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37039843 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-23-0021-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight is among the chief threats to profitable barley production, and fungicide applications are one of two main strategies for reducing FHB damage to barley crops. However, there is very little published information on optimal timing of such applications. A four-year field study was conducted with winter barley in Raleigh, North Carolina, to compare three timings for fungicide application: 50% spike emergence (Zadoks growth stage or GS 55), 100% spike emergence (GS 59), and six days after GS 59. Three winter barley cultivars with varying levels of FHB resistance were grown for four successive years (2018-2021) in a split-plot experiment and inoculated each spring with Fusarium-infected corn spawn. Three fungicides were compared: propiconazole + pydiflumetofen (Miravis Ace), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Prosaro), and metconazole (Caramba). Correlations among visual symptoms and assays of harvested grain were modest, and were weakened by fungicide applications. Across years and cultivars, deoxynivalenol (DON) and percent Fusarium-infected kernels were most reduced relative to the nontreated control by fungicide applications at the latest timing (GS 59 + 6 d). The early (GS 55) timing resulted in DON not significantly different from the nontreated control. Based on these results, it is recommended that to minimize damage from FHB, fungicide should be applied to winter barley several days after GS 59 (100% spike emergence), and not before GS 59.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cowger
- USDA-ARS, NCSU Dept. of Plant Pathology, 3409 Gardner Hall, CB 7613, NCSU, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27695-7613;
| | - Quentin D Read
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 17123, Southeast Area, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States;
| | | | - Yanhong Dong
- University of Minnesota, Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55108;
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Höglinger M, Wirth B, Carlander M, Caviglia C, Frei C, Rhomberg B, Rohrbasser A, Trottmann M, Eichler K. Impact of a diabetes disease management program on guideline-adherent care, hospitalization risk and health care costs: a propensity score matching study using real-world data. Eur J Health Econ 2023; 24:469-478. [PMID: 35716315 PMCID: PMC10060321 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a DMP for patients with diabetes mellitus in a Swiss primary care setting. METHODS In a prospective observational study, we compared diabetes patients in a DMP (intervention group; N = 538) with diabetes patients receiving usual care (control group; N = 5050) using propensity score matching with entropy balancing. Using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, we compared changes in outcomes from baseline (2017) to 1-year (2017/18) and to 2-year follow-up (2017/19). Outcomes included four measures for guideline-adherent diabetes care, hospitalization risk, and health care costs. RESULTS We identified a positive impact of the DMP on the share of patients fulfilling all measures for guideline-adherent care [DiD 2017/18: 7.2 percentage-points, p < 0.01; 2017/19: 8.4 percentage-points, p < 0.001]. The hospitalization risk was lower in the intervention group in both years, but only statistically significant in the 1-year follow-up [DiD 2017/18: - 5.7 percentage-points, p < 0.05; 2017/19: - 3.9 percentage points, n.s.]. The increase in health care costs was smaller in the intervention than in the control group [DiD 2017/18: CHF - 852; 2017/19: CHF - 909], but this effect was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The DMP under evaluation seems to exert a positive impact on the quality of diabetes care, reflected in the increase in the measures for guideline-adherent care and in a reduction of the hospitalization risk in the intervention group. It also might reduce health care costs, but only a longer follow-up will show whether the observed effect persists over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Höglinger
- Health Services Research, Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, CH-8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Brigitte Wirth
- Health Services Research, Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, CH-8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Maria Carlander
- Health Services Research, Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, CH-8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Adrian Rohrbasser
- Medbase Health Care Provider, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Eichler
- Health Services Research, Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Gertrudstrasse 15, CH-8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
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143
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Cuéllar DI, De Los Reyes A, Llamas-Olier A. Modified dynamic risk stratification system further predicts individual outcome in patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2023; 84:242-248. [PMID: 35483449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the contribution of initial treatment response to further refining prediction of individual outcomes in intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on the American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification system. Dynamic risk stratification (DRS) as originally proposed by Tuttle et al. in 2010 was modified to also include serum antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) as a surrogate marker of the likelihood of persistent disease, specifically in patients with thyroglobulin assay interference by TgAb. METHODS Three hundred and seventy-three patients with ATA intermediate-risk PTC were enrolled retrospectively upon reviewing medical records. Patients were followed at the National Cancer Institute in Bogota, Colombia after being treated with total thyroidectomy and I-131 therapy between 2009 and 2013. Best response to initial therapy was classified as excellent, indeterminate, biochemically incomplete or structurally incomplete. Final disease status after a median follow-up of 7.1 years was classified as no evidence of disease (NED), indeterminate, or persistent disease (either biochemically or structurally). The rate of recurrence was determined in excellent responders. RESULTS Excellent response was achieved by 164 patients (43.9%). At a median follow-up of 42 months, 19 (11.6%) had experienced recurrence. 87.4% of initially excellent responders available at the final checkpoint were NED, compared to 28% of those with biochemically or structurally incomplete response and to 60.2% of all ATA intermediate-risk PTC patients in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Modified DRS further predicted individual outcomes in intermediate-risk PTC, potentially allowing ongoing management to be tailored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Isabel Cuéllar
- Clinical and Epidemiological Cancer Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá Calle 1 9-85 Bogotá, Colombia.
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Wang R, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Gu R, Zhang Y. First Report of radish tubers rot caused by Enterobacter asburiae in China. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 36973903 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2650-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a widely consumed vegetable in China. However, radish is susceptible to diseases, which limits its yield and development in Harbin, China. In September 2021, rotten white radish tubers were observed in the field. The incidence of this disease reached 70% in October 2021, which led to huge economic losses (i.e., 30%-40%). Water-soaked lesions appeared on the radish tubers and appeared brown-yellow, which looked similar to ginger tuber rot caused by Enterobacter asburiae (Zhang et al. 2020). The interior was rotten with no considerable smell. Over time, the lesions gradually spread into all tubers of radish. Small square pieces of radish (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) were excised from the junction of diseased and healthy tuber, disinfected with 75% alcohol, and washed three times with distilled water then ground to prepare tissue suspensions for plating. Under 28 ℃ for 16h, single colonies were isolated from the beef extract culture medium. Single colonies appeared oval, white, and smooth, with bright and slightly raised surfaces, and with moist neat edges. Gram-negative bacterial strain CCGL 988 was obtained, with an average size of 1-2 µm × 0.5-1 µm, and 3-4 flagella. Physiological and biological test results showed that strain CCGL 988 produced acid utilizing sucrose, glucose, maltobiose, D-Sorbitol, and mannitol; negative for Voges-Proskauer, methyl red, malanate, ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase, and lysine decarboxylase. According to the results, strain CCGL 988 was identified as Enterobacter asburiae (Hoffmann et al. 2005). The 16S rDNA region of the strain was amplified using PCR with 27F/1492R primers (López et al. 2019), and partial gyrB, atpD, rpoB genes were amplified according to Zhang et al. (2020), infB gene was amplified with primers (F:TCAATGCGTGCTCGTGGTGCTC; R: TCGATACAGTGCCACTTCACG). The 16S rDNA, gyrB, atpD, rpoB and infB sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers: ON999069, OP006448, OP006449, OP006450, and OP542231, respectively. These five sequences shared 99.80%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 100% of identity with E. asburiae (GenBank Accession: NO. CP011863). Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree clustered CCGL 988 with E. asburiae (MEGA7, bootstrap n = 1,000). Strain CCGL 988 was able to produce pectate lyases, polygalacturonases, cellulases, proteases, and extracellular polysaccharide using the methods described by Hugouviex-Cotte-Pattat et al. (2014), and Condemine et al. (1999). Koch's postulates were conducted by inoculating 20 µl of the bacterial suspension (108 CFU/ml) on the needle wound on the surface of six healthy radish tubers; six radish tubers incubated with sterile water were negative controls. Radish tubers were incubated at 28 ℃ with 80% humidity. The inoculated radish was slightly rotten after 7 days. Water-soaked lesions with light yellow were initially observed; after 12 days, the lesions expanded gradually and appeared deep yellow. No symptoms were found in the control radish. This experiment was carried out three times, each time with three replications. The bacterium was reisolated from infected radish tuber and was confirmed to be E. asburiae by the same molecular and morphological characterization as described above. This study is the first report of E. asburiae causing radish tuber rot in China. It serves as a basis for future studies to develop management strategies for the disease to prevent radish yield loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Xixi Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | | | - Peng Chen
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Harbin, China;
| | - Ran Gu
- Northeast Agricultural University, 12430, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;
| | - Yaowei Zhang
- NO.600 Changjiang Street Xiangfang DistrictHarbin, China, 150030;
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Khan MF, Bhuyian MZR, Del Rio Mendoza LE, Lashman D, Azizi A, Ameen G, Sarwar A. First Report of Leaf Spot of Sugar Beet Caused by Stemphylium vesicarium in Minnesota, USA. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 36947836 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0256-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In July 2021, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves with numerous tan to brown spots with white-bleached center and oval to irregularly shaped were collected from a field in Minnesota (MN) (46.2774° N, 96.3100° W), with 15% disease incidence and 30% disease severity. Leaves were washed with tap water then surface disinfected in 1% NaOCl aqueous solution for 1 min. Samples were rinsed thrice with sterile distilled water and dried in a laminar flow hood. A 2-cm leaf disc was plated on potato dextrose agar amended with streptomycin sulfate (200 mg/L) and incubated for four days at 25°C under 12-h light/dark cycle. Single spore cultures were obtained by suspending in sterile water spores harvested from a single colony. The suspension was streaked on a dish with V8 agar media and incubated as described. Five pure cultures were transferred to clarified V8 agar media for morphological feature observations. Colonies were uniform in appearance and developed light to olivaceous green mycelium. Conidia were dark brown to olivaceous green in color and measured 30 × 18 μm (n=20). They were oblong to broadly oval shaped muriform, and multiseptated (1 to 5 septa). Hyphae were septate and pale brown. Conidiophores were short, septate, and light to dark brown in color. Based on the morphological characteristics, isolates were identified as Stemphylium vesicarium (Simmons 1969). Genomic DNA of all five isolates were extracted using the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1/ITS4 primers), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (5F2/7cR primers) (O'Donnell et al. 2009), the plasma membrane ATPase (ATPD-F1/ATPD-R1) gene (Lawrence et al. 2013), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) (gpd1/gpd2) (Berbee et al. 1999), and β-tubulin gene (Bt2a/Bt2b primers) (Glass and Donaldson 1995) were done using standard procedures. Sequences were submitted to GenBank under accession numbers OP584331 (ITS), OP589289 (RPB2), OP589290 (ATPase), OP994239 (GAPDH) and OP382477 (β-tubulin). The BLASTN search of the sequences showed 100% similarity with MT629829 (ITS) (525/525 bp), KC584471 (RPB2) (859/859 bp), JQ671770 (ATPase) (794/794 bp), MK105974 (GAPDH) (519/519 bp) and MN410922 (β-tubulin) (320/320 bp) reference sequences of S. vesicarium. Pathogenicity tests were done using four cv. Maribo MA 504 plants. S. vesicarium spore suspensions (1 × 106/ml) were sprayed on three leaves from each plant. This trial was repeated with three replicates. A similar group of plants were sprayed with autoclaved distilled water to serve as non-inoculated control. All plants were incubated in the mist chamber for 5 days at 25°C, under daily 14/10 light-dark cycles, and >80% relative humidity, then transferred to the greenhouse kept at 23 ± 2°C and a 12-h photoperiod. Fifteen days post-inoculation, all inoculated plants had multiple lesions with dark brown margins with a grayish center, and non-inoculated control plants were asymptomatic. The re-isolated fungus was morphologically similar to isolates retrieved from the field. S. vesicarium was reported on sugar beet in Michigan (Metheny et al. 2022). This is the first report of S. vesicarium causing disease on sugar beet in MN. Stemphylium sp. is a major problem of sugar beet in the Netherlands (Hanse et al. 2015). Efforts should be made to prevent introduction of susceptible beet cultivars so that the disease does not become widespread in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizal Khan
- North Dakota State University, Plant Pathology, 226 Walster Hall, Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58105-5758;
| | - Md Ziaur Rahman Bhuyian
- North Dakota State University, Plant Pathology, 3012 9 1/2 Street North, Apt: 104, Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58102
- Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 54494, Plant Pathology , Assistant Professor, Dept. of Plant Pathology, SAU, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1207;
| | - Luis E Del Rio Mendoza
- North Dakota State University, Plant Pathology, NDSU Dept. 7660, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58108-6050
- United States;
| | - Dilip Lashman
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 17123, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, , Beltsville, Maryland, United States;
| | - Abdolbaset Azizi
- North Dakota State University, Plant Pathology, Fargo, North Dakota, United States;
| | - Gazala Ameen
- South Dakota State University, 2019, 213 Raven Precision Ag, Brookings, South Dakota, United States, 57007;
| | - Arslan Sarwar
- North Dakota State University, Plant Pathology, Fargo, North Dakota, United States;
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Kase M, Fujiki S, Kashimura T, Okura Y, Kodera K, Watanabe H, Takahashi K, Bannai S, Hatano T, Tanaka T, Kitamura N, Minamino T, Inomata T. Relationship Between Medical Therapy, Long-Term Care Insurance, and Comorbidity in Elderly Patients With Heart Failure With Systolic Dysfunction. Circ J 2023. [PMID: 36928271 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-22-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), including β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), improves survival and quality of life, most patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and mildly reduced (HFmrEF) ejection fraction are treated with inadequate medications. We investigated the prescription patterns of GDMT in elderly patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF and their characteristics, including the certification of long-term care insurance (LTCI), which represents frailty and disability.Methods and Results: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 1,296 elderly patients with symptomatic HFrEF and HFmrEF with diuretic use (median age 78 years; 63.8% male; median left ventricular ejection fraction 40%). Prescription rates of GDMT were inadequate (ACEi, ARBs, β-blockers, and MRAs: 27.0%, 30.1%, 54.1%, and 41.9%, respectively). LTCI certification was independently associated with reduced prescription of all medications (ACEi/ARB: odds ratio [OR] 0.591, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.449-0.778, P=0.001; β-blockers: OR 0.698, 95% CI 0.529-0.920, P<0.001; MRAs: OR 0.743, 95% CI 0.560-0.985, P=0.052). Patients with LTCI certification also had a high prevalence of polypharmacy and prescription of diuretics. CONCLUSIONS Vulnerable patients with LTCI may be an explanation for the challenges in implementing GDMT, and communicating is required for favorable heart failure care in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Kase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Shinya Fujiki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Takeshi Kashimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Yuji Okura
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospita
| | - Kunio Kodera
- Division of Internal Medicine, Niigata Bandai Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Nobutaka Kitamura
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takayuki Inomata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
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147
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Jiang Y, Pan X, Li Y, Yang Y, Jia Y, Lei B, Feng J, Ma Z, Liu X, Yan H. Linalool induces resistance against tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 36917091 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-22-2246-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora is the most widely consumed and used spice in the world today. It has therapeutic effects in medicine and has been shown to have good antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects in agriculture. This study found that C. camphora oil significantly induced plant disease resistance activity. Linalool, its main active component, significantly induced plant disease resistance activity (67.49% at a concentration of 800 μg/ml) over the same concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide positive control, but had no direct effect on TMV. In this study of its antiviral mechanism, linalool induced hypersensitive reaction (HR), the overexpression of related defense enzymes SOD, CAT, POD and PAL, the accumulation of H2O2 and SA content in N. glutnosa. Besides, linalool induced crops resistance against Colletotrichum lagenarium, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsica. Taken together, the anti-TMV mechanism of linalool involved the induction of plant disease resistance through activation of a plant immune response mediated by salicylic acid. Linalool-induced plant disease resistance activity has a long duration, broad spectrum, and rich resources; linalool thus has the potential to be developed as a new plant-derived antiviral agent and plant immune activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Northwest A&F University, Yangling, ShaanxiYangling, China, 712100;
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Lei
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 74608, Research Institute of nuclear and Biotechnology, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur, China;
| | - Juntao Feng
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 12469, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 12469, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
| | | | - He Yan
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 12469, plant protection, Yangling, Yangling, China, 712100;
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148
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Doshi K, Henderson SL, Seah DJL, De Silva DA, Lee JJ, Huynh VA, Ozdemir S. Stroke survivors' preferences for post-stroke self-management programs: A discrete choice experiment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106993. [PMID: 36669373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Self-management programs enhance survival in stroke patients. However, they require patient-centered designs to be effective. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the type of post-stroke self-management programs that appeal to stroke survivors, and to estimate their willingness to participate in such programs. METHODS A Discrete Choice Experiment was administered to patients who had either a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke within the past 3 years and were cognitively intact (i.e., stroke survivors). Stroke survivors were presented with eight choice tasks and asked to choose between 'No Program' and two hypothetical post-stroke management programs that varied by six attributes: Topics covered by the program; schedule of the program; frequency and duration of the sessions; number of participants; out-of-pocket registration fee for the whole program; and rewards for completing the program. RESULTS The analysis involved 146 stroke survivors. Based on the mixed logit model, the predicted willingness to participate ranged from 53% to 76%. The most popular characteristics in a program were topics on health education and risk management, being scheduled during weekends as four sessions that are each 2 hours long and involve four participants, a registration fee of SGD50 (∼USD36), and SGD500 (∼USD359) reward for program completion. CONCLUSIONS Interest in post-stroke self-management programs was high, with at least half of the sample showing interest in participating in these programs. Program features such as focusing on health education and risk management, charging a low registration fee, and offering incentives helped to increase the demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Doshi
- Department of Psychology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Deidre Anne De Silva
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore.
| | - Jia Jia Lee
- Signature Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Vinh Anh Huynh
- Signature Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Semra Ozdemir
- Signature Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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149
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Blanchette V, Armstrong DG, Drudi L, Rizzo M. Upstream comprehensive management of individuals with diabetes with multimorbidity and frailty to act against amputation. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108407. [PMID: 36738597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript constitutes a commentary on: "Retrospective cohort study of long-term outcomes and prognostic factors for survival after lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetes" by Vuorlaakso et al. (2023). We aim to contribute to the reflection of their findings to support the comprehensive management of vulnerable individuals with multimorbidity and/frailty for limb preservation. There is an urgent need to understand the effects of frailty on overall survival after amputation, survival without major amputation, and the effect modification with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Blanchette
- Department of Human Kinetics and Podiatric Medicine, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières G8Z 4M3, Canada; VITAM - Sustainable Health Research Centre, Québec, Québec G1J 2G1, Canada; Centre de recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis G6V 3Z1, Canada.
| | - David G Armstrong
- Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Laura Drudi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Innovation Hub, Centre de Rercherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy
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150
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Shi N, Sha S, Wang L, Feng H, Wang Z, Yan CC, Zhang YW. First report of Diplodia mutila causing canker and branch dieback of walnut trees in Xinjiang, China. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2545. [PMID: 36774568 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2635-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) has become an important economic fruit tree in China. In April 2022, branch dieback was observed in 15-year-old walnut trees (cv Wen 185) in a commercial orchard in Aksu, Xinjiang, China (40°21'55''N, 80°1'48''E), with an incidence of 2% (4 out of 200 trees) of affected trees. The symptoms observed, included depressed and shrunken cankers, twigs and branches dieback. Cross-sections of diseased branches revealed dark-brown wedge-shaped lesions. To isolate the potential causal pathogen, four specimens were isolated from diseased branches, and small pieces taken from the edge of canker samples (0.5 × 0.5 cm), were disinfected by immersion in 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% NaClO solution for 3 min, and rinsed three times with sterile water. The disinfected wood samples were then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated in the dark at 25°C for 2-3 days. Then, we applied the mycelial tip purification method and repeated this purification process until a single colony was formed. Four pure isolates (3-1-51A, W-2-54, K-1-43A, K-1-43B) developed white to white-gray fast-growing colonies with abundant aerial mycelium after seven days at 25°C on PDA and gradually became dark olive green over subsequent growth stages. Conidia production was then induced on 2% w/v water agar containing sterilized pine needles under near-U/V light (Alves et al., 2004). The conidia were initially hyaline, thick-walled, oblong to ovoid with one septum and a size range of 19.47-24.16 × 9.78-13.51 µm (n = 40). Based on morphological characteristics these isolates were tentatively identified as Diplodia mutila (Fr.) Mont. (Alves et al., 2004).To confirm the pathogen identified, the representative isolate 3-1-51A was amplified and sequenced using specific primer pairs (ITS1/ITS4, EF1-986/EF1-728E, BT2a/BT2b) to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and beta-tubulin (TUB) (White et al. 1990; Carbone and Kohn 1999; O' Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), respectively. The sequences showed 100% similarity to two D. mutila strains CBS230.30 and CBS112553. Maximum likelihood analysis was performed based on a concatenated dataset (ITS + TEF1-α + TUB) gene using MEGA 11. 0 and isolate 3-1-51A formed a single clade with the reference ex-type of D. mutila. The isolate 3-1-51A was deposited into GenBank as OP006733, OP373140, and OP373139 for ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB, respectively. To fulfill Koch's postulates, pathogenicity tests were performed using isolate 3-1-51A on one-year-old healthy walnut branches cv. Wen 185 of walnut trees (n=5). Five twigs of healthy walnut branches were cleaned, submerged in 1% NaClO for 15 minutes and then dried. Then, a sterile hole punch (5mm in diameter) was used to create a wound in the middle of each walnut branch, and placing mycelial plugs(3 days old; 5 mm in diameter) and sealed with parafilm. An equal number of twigs inoculated with sterile agar plugs served as controls. On the 7th day after inoculation, dark brown coloration was developed on the branches with symptoms of shrinkage dryness, and dieback. D. mutila isolate was re-isolated only from the inoculated branches. In negative control twigs, lesions and re-isolated were absent, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. D. mutila has been previously reported causing canker and branch dieback in walnut trees in Chile (Díaz et al. 2018) and California (Chen et al. 2014). Previously, D. seriata (Zhang et al. 2017), Botryosphaeria dothidea (Guo et al. 2016), Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (Guo et al. 2016), Dothiorella gregaria (Liu et al. 1986) and Neofusicoccum parvum (Yu et al. 2015) have been identified on walnut trees in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of canker and branch dieback caused by D. mutila in walnut trees in Xinjiang, China. Further studies are now required to better understand the etiology of canker and branch dieback on walnut trees from different areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Shi
- Xingfu Road StreetAlear, Xinjiang, China, 843300;
| | - Shuaishuai Sha
- Tarim University, 12483, College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aral, Xinjiang, China, 843300;
| | - Lan Wang
- Tarim University, College of Plant Science, Alaer, Xinjiang, China;
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- Alar,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionxinjiang, China, 843300;
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