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Kraus J, Meingast L, Hald J, Beil SB, Biskupek J, Ritterhoff CL, Gsänger S, Eisenkolb J, Meyer B, Kaiser U, Maultzsch J, von Delius M. Simultaneous Inside and Outside Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402417. [PMID: 38489608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a robust way that does not affect the sp2 carbon framework is a considerable research challenge. Here we describe how triiodide salts of positively charged macrocycles can be used not only to functionalize SWCNTs from the outside, but simultaneously from the inside. We employed disulfide exchange in aqueous solvent to maximize the solvophobic effect and therefore achieve a high degree of macrocycle immobilization. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy, EDX-STEM and HR-TEM clearly showed that serendipitously this wet-chemical functionalization procedure also led to the encapsulation of polyiodide chains inside the nanotubes. The resulting three-shell composite materials are redox-active and experience an intriguing interplay of electrostatic, solvophobic and mechanical effects that could be of interest for applications in energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meingast
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Hald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Beil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian L Ritterhoff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gsänger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Eisenkolb
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Center of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762, Fürth, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer Chemistry Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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102
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Teng Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Zuo S, Li X, Pan Z, Shao K, Du J, Li Z. Revealing the adulteration of sesame oil products by portable Raman spectrometer and 1D CNN vector regression: A comparative study with chemometrics and colorimetry. Food Chem 2024; 436:137694. [PMID: 37844509 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification and quantification of sesame oil products are crucial due to the existing problems of adulteration with lower-priced oils and false labeling of sesame proportions. In this study, 1D CNN models were established to achieve discrimination of oil types and multiple quantification of adulteration using portable Raman spectrometer. An improved data augmentation method involving discarding transformations that alter peak positions was proposed, and synchronously injecting noise during geometric transformations. Furthermore, a novel neural network structure was introduced incorporating vector regression to accurately predict each component simultaneously. The proposed method has achieved higher accuracy in detecting multi-component adulteration compared with chemometrics (100 % accuracy in classifying different oils; R2 over 0.99 and RMSE within 2 % in predicting unknown adulterated samples). Finally, commercially available sesame oil products were tested and compared with gas chromatography and colorimetric methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed model in achieving higher detection accuracy at low-concentration adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Teng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangou Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shaohua Zuo
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center of Nanoelectronic Integration and Advanced Equipment, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zaifa Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Kang Shao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jinglin Du
- Grain and Oil Products Quality Inspection Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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103
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Altangerel N, Neuman BW, Hemmer PR, Yakovlev VV, Sokolov AV, Scully MO. A Novel Non-Destructive Rapid Tool for Estimating Amino Acid Composition and Secondary Structures of Proteins in Solution. Small Methods 2024:e2301191. [PMID: 38485686 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Amino-acid protein composition plays an important role in biology, medicine, and nutrition. Here, a groundbreaking protein analysis technique that quickly estimates amino acid composition and secondary structure across various protein sizes, while maintaining their natural states is introduced and validated. This method combines multivariate statistics and the thermostable Raman interaction profiling (TRIP) technique, eliminating the need for complex preparations. In order to validate the approach, the Raman spectra are constructed of seven proteins of varying sizes by utilizing their amino acid frequencies and the Raman spectra of individual amino acids. These constructed spectra exhibit a close resemblance to the actual measured Raman spectra. Specific vibrational modes tied to free amino and carboxyl termini of the amino acids disappear as signals linked to secondary structures emerged under TRIP conditions. Furthermore, the technique is used inversely to successfully estimate amino acid compositions and secondary structures of unknown proteins across a range of sizes, achieving impressive accuracy ranging between 1.47% and 5.77% of root mean square errors (RMSE). These results extend the uses for TRIP beyond interaction profiling, to probe amino acid composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marlan O Scully
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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104
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Ahn S, Kim N, Choi Y, Kim J, Hwang H, Kim C, Lee HY, Kim S, Kim JS, Lee HH, Choi J. Peptide-Decorated Microneedles for the Detection of Microplastics. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:140. [PMID: 38534247 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The escalating utilization of plastics in daily life has resulted in pervasive environmental pollution and consequent health hazards. The challenge of detecting and capturing microplastics, which are imperceptible to the naked eye, is exacerbated by their diminutive size, hydrophobic surface properties, and capacity to absorb organic compounds. This study focuses on the application of peptides, constituted of specific amino acid sequences, and microneedles for the rapid and selective identification of microplastics. Peptides, due to their smaller size and greater environmental stability compared with antibodies, emerge as a potent solution to overcome the limitations inherent in existing detection methodologies. To immobilize peptides onto microneedles, this study employed microneedles embedded with gold nanorods, augmenting them with sulfhydryl (SH) groups at the peptides' termini. The sensor developed through this methodology exhibited efficient peptide binding to the microneedle tips, thereby facilitating the capture of microplastics. Raman spectroscopy was employed for the detection of microplastics, with the results demonstrating successful attachment to the microneedles. This novel approach not only facilitates localized analysis but also presents a viable strategy for the detection of microplastics across diverse environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Ahn
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Namju Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeryun Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Cholong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi-si 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoun Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin-si 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- Feynman Institute of Technology, Nanomedicine Corporation, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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105
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Lujan D, Choe J, Chaudhary S, Ye G, Nnokwe C, Rodriguez-Vega M, He J, Gao FY, Nunley TN, Baldini E, Zhou J, Fiete GA, He R, Li X. Spin-orbit exciton-induced phonon chirality in a quantum magnet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304360121. [PMID: 38457517 PMCID: PMC10945760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304360121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay of charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom in correlated materials often leads to rich and exotic properties. Recent studies have brought new perspectives to bosonic collective excitations in correlated materials. For example, inelastic neutron scattering experiments revealed non-trivial band topology for magnons and spin-orbit excitons (SOEs) in a quantum magnet CoTiO3 (CTO). Here, we report phonon properties resulting from a combination of strong spin-orbit coupling, large crystal field splitting, and trigonal distortion in CTO. Specifically, the interaction between SOEs and phonons endows chirality to two [Formula: see text] phonon modes and leads to large phonon magnetic moments observed in magneto-Raman spectra. The remarkably strong magneto-phononic effect originates from the hybridization of SOEs and phonons due to their close energy proximity. While chiral phonons have been associated with electronic topology in some materials, our work suggests opportunities may arise by exploring chiral phonons coupled to topological bosons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lujan
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Jeongheon Choe
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Swati Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Gaihua Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Cynthia Nnokwe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Martin Rodriguez-Vega
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Frank Y. Gao
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - T. Nathan Nunley
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Jianshi Zhou
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Gregory A. Fiete
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Rui He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Physics, Center of Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
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106
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Jin MK, Zhang Q, Xu N, Zhang Z, Guo HQ, Li J, Ding K, Sun X, Yang XR, Zhu D, Su X, Qian H, Zhu YG. Lipid Metabolites as Potential Regulators of the Antibiotic Resistome in Tetramorium caespitum. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4476-4486. [PMID: 38382547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are ancient but have become a modern critical threat to health. Gut microbiota, a dynamic reservoir for ARGs, transfer resistance between individuals. Surveillance of the antibiotic resistome in the gut during different host growth phases is critical to understanding the dynamics of the resistome in this ecosystem. Herein, we disentangled the ARG profiles and the dynamic mechanism of ARGs in the egg and adult phases of Tetramorium caespitum. Experimental results showed a remarkable difference in both gut microbiota and gut resistome with the development of T. caespitum. Meta-based metagenomic results of gut microbiota indicated the generalizability of gut antibiotic resistome dynamics during host development. By using Raman spectroscopy and metabolomics, the metabolic phenotype and metabolites indicated that the biotic phase significantly changed lipid metabolism as T. caespitum aged. Lipid metabolites were demonstrated as the main factor driving the enrichment of ARGs in T. caespitum. Cuminaldehyde, the antibacterial lipid metabolite that displayed a remarkable increase in the adult phase, was demonstrated to strongly induce ARG abundance. Our findings show that the gut resistome is host developmental stage-dependent and likely modulated by metabolites, offering novel insights into possible steps to reduce ARG dissemination in the soil food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Hong-Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Su
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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107
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Plazas D, Ferranti F, Liu Q, Lotfi Choobbari M, Ottevaere H. A Study of High-Frequency Noise for Microplastics Classification Using Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. Appl Spectrosc 2024:37028241233304. [PMID: 38465603 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241233304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Given the growing urge for plastic management and regulation in the world, recent studies have investigated the problem of plastic material identification for correct classification and disposal. Recent works have shown the potential of machine learning techniques for successful microplastics classification using Raman signals. Classification techniques from the machine learning area allow the identification of the type of microplastic from optical signals based on Raman spectroscopy. In this paper, we investigate the impact of high-frequency noise on the performance of related classification tasks. It is well-known that classification based on Raman is highly dependent on peak visibility, but it is also known that signal smoothing is a common step in the pre-processing of the measured signals. This raises a potential trade-off between high-frequency noise and peak preservation that depends on user-defined parameters. The results obtained in this work suggest that a linear discriminant analysis model cannot generalize properly in the presence of noisy signals, whereas an error-correcting output codes model is better suited to account for inherent noise. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) can become a must-do step for robust classification models, given its simplicity and natural smoothing capabilities. Our study on the high-frequency noise, the possible trade-off between pre-processing the high-frequency noise and the peak visibility, and the use of PCA as a noise reduction technique in addition to its dimensionality reduction functionality are the fundamental aspects of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Plazas
- School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia
- Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Ferranti
- Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Qing Liu
- Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehrdad Lotfi Choobbari
- Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Ottevaere
- Brussels Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
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108
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Zhang L, Li X, Li Q, Xia X, Zhang H. The effects of land use types on microplastics in river water: A case study on the mainstream of the Wei River, China. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:349. [PMID: 38453778 PMCID: PMC10920460 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely found in rivers and their sediments, which will cause harm to the water ecological environment. The Wei River is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River, the fifth largest river in the world, and has vulnerable ecological environment and most sediment in the world. However, understanding how anthropogenic activities and environmental factors affect the microplastics distribution in this river is not clear. Based on this, the spatiotemporal distribution of microplastics in the Wei River were investigated. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 1033 to 8333 items/m3 and from 120 to 840 items/kg in the water and in the sediment, respectively. Fibers and fragments were the main shapes of Wei River, microplastics less than 500 μm were the main sizes, and black and white/transparent were the main colors. In Wei River, the abundance of microplastics in urban areas was higher than that in agricultural areas and mountainous areas. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that microplastic abundance in the water was related to anthropogenic activities (population density, per capita GDP and distance) and environmental factors (water temperature, NH3-N, ORP), while in the sediments was correlated with anthropogenic activities (per capita GDP) and environmental factors (water temperature and NH3-N). This study reveals new patterns in microplastic pollution in the Wei River, underscoring the need for targeted environmental strategies. Our findings provide novel insights into the characteristics and distribution of microplastics, significantly adding to the current understanding of riverine microplastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Xia
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China
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109
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Dong X, Yan X, Wan Y, Gao D, Jiao J, Wang H, Qu H. Enhancing real-time cell culture monitoring: Automated Raman model optimization with Taguchi method. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38454569 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has found widespread usage in monitoring cell culture processes both in research and practical applications. However, commonly, preprocessing methods, spectral regions, and modeling parameters have been chosen based on experience or trial-and-error strategies. These choices can significantly impact the performance of the models. There is an urgent need for a simple, effective, and automated approach to determine a suitable procedure for constructing accurate models. This paper introduces the adoption of a design of experiment (DoE) method to optimize partial least squares models for measuring the concentration of different components in cell culture bioreactors. The experimental implementation utilized the orthogonal test table L25 (56 ). Within this framework, five factors were identified as control variables for the DoE method: the window width of Savitzky-Golay smoothing, the baseline correction method, the order of preprocessing steps, spectral regions, and the number of latent variables. The evaluation method for the model was considered as a factor subject to noise. The optimal combination of levels was determined through the signal-to-noise ratio response table employing Taguchi analysis. The effectiveness of this approach was validated through two cases, involving different cultivation scales, different Raman spectrometers, and different analytical components. The results consistently demonstrated that the proposed approach closely approximated the global optimum, regardless of data set size, predictive components, or the brand of Raman spectrometer. The performance of models recommended by the DoE strategy consistently surpassed those built using raw data, underscoring the reliability of models generated through this approach. When compared to exhaustive all-combination experiments, the DoE approach significantly reduces calculation times, making it highly practical for the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in bioprocess monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Wan
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Jiao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wasem Klein F, Huntzinger JR, Astié V, Voiry D, Parret R, Makhlouf H, Juillaguet S, Decams JM, Contreras S, Landois P, Zahab AA, Sauvajol JL, Paillet M. Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS 2 thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:279-296. [PMID: 38476324 PMCID: PMC10928926 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique to characterize nanomaterials because of its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change. The primary purpose of this work is to determine via Raman spectroscopy the average thickness of MoS2 thin films synthesized by direct liquid injection pulsed-pressure chemical vapor deposition (DLI-PP-CVD). Such samples are constituted of nanoflakes (with a lateral size of typically 50 nm, i.e., well below the laser spot size), with possibly a distribution of thicknesses and twist angles between stacked layers. As an essential preliminary, we first reassess the applicability of different Raman criteria to determine the thicknesses (or layer number, N) of MoS2 flakes from measurements performed on reference samples, namely well-characterized mechanically exfoliated or standard chemical vapor deposition MoS2 large flakes deposited on 90 ± 6 nm SiO2 on Si substrates. Then, we discuss the applicability of the same criteria for significantly different DLI-PP-CVD MoS2 samples with average thicknesses ranging from sub-monolayer up to three layers. Finally, an original procedure based on the measurement of the intensity of the layer breathing modes is proposed to evaluate the surface coverage for each N (i.e., the ratio between the surface covered by exactly N layers and the total surface) in DLI-PP-CVD MoS2 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Wasem Klein
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Roch Huntzinger
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Astié
- Annealsys, 139 Rue des Walkyries, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Parret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINAM, UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Houssine Makhlouf
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Juillaguet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Contreras
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Périne Landois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed-Azmi Zahab
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Sauvajol
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Paillet
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, F-34095, Montpellier, France
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111
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Mirizzi G, Jelke F, Pilot M, Klein K, Klamminger GG, Gérardy JJ, Theodoropoulou M, Mombaerts L, Husch A, Mittelbronn M, Hertel F, Kleine Borgmann FB. Impact of Formalin- and Cryofixation on Raman Spectra of Human Tissues and Strategies for Tumor Bank Inclusion. Molecules 2024; 29:1167. [PMID: 38474679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reliable training of Raman spectra-based tumor classifiers relies on a substantial sample pool. This study explores the impact of cryofixation (CF) and formalin fixation (FF) on Raman spectra using samples from surgery sites and a tumor bank. A robotic Raman spectrometer scans samples prior to the neuropathological analysis. CF samples showed no significant spectral deviations, appearance, or disappearance of peaks, but an intensity reduction during freezing and subsequent recovery during the thawing process. In contrast, FF induces sustained spectral alterations depending on molecular composition, albeit with good signal-to-noise ratio preservation. These observations are also reflected in the varying dual-class classifier performance, initially trained on native, unfixed samples: The Matthews correlation coefficient is 81.0% for CF and 58.6% for FF meningioma and dura mater. Training on spectral differences between original FF and pure formalin spectra substantially improves FF samples' classifier performance (74.2%). CF is suitable for training global multiclass classifiers due to its consistent spectrum shape despite intensity reduction. FF introduces changes in peak relationships while preserving the signal-to-noise ratio, making it more suitable for dual-class classification, such as distinguishing between healthy and malignant tissues. Pure formalin spectrum subtraction represents a possible method for mathematical elimination of the FF influence. These findings enable retrospective analysis of processed samples, enhancing pathological work and expanding machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mirizzi
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Saarland University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Finn Jelke
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Saarland University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Research (DoCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Pilot
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Karoline Klein
- Saarland University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gilbert Georg Klamminger
- Department of General and Special Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center (UKS), Saarland University (USAAR), 66424 Homburg, Germany
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Jacques Gérardy
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Marily Theodoropoulou
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Laurent Mombaerts
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Husch
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Cancer Research (DoCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Science and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg (UL), 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Hertel
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Saarland University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bruno Kleine Borgmann
- Saarland University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Research (DoCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Hôpitaux Robert Schuman, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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112
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Jin N, Song J, Wang Y, Yang K, Zhang D. Biospectroscopic fingerprinting phytotoxicity towards environmental monitoring for food security and contaminated site remediation. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133515. [PMID: 38228003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have resulted in severe environmental pollution since the industrial revolution. Phytotoxicity-based environmental monitoring is well known due to its sedentary nature, abundance, and sensitivity to environmental changes, which are essential preconditions to avoiding potential environmental and ecological risks. However, conventional morphological and physiological methods for phytotoxicity assessment mainly focus on descriptive determination rather than mechanism analysis and face challenges of labour and time-consumption, lack of standardized protocol and difficulties in data interpretation. Molecular-based tests could reveal the toxicity mechanisms but fail in real-time and in-situ monitoring because of their endpoint manner and destructive operation in collecting cellular components. Herein, we systematically propose and lay out a biospectroscopic tool (e.g., infrared and Raman spectroscopy) coupled with multivariate data analysis as a relatively non-destructive and high-throughput approach to quantitatively measure phytotoxicity levels and qualitatively profile phytotoxicity mechanisms by classifying spectral fingerprints of biomolecules in plant tissues in response to environmental stresses. With established databases and multivariate analysis, this biospectroscopic fingerprinting approach allows ultrafast, in situ and on-site diagnosis of phytotoxicity. Overall, the proposed protocol and validation of biospectroscopic fingerprinting phytotoxicity can distinguish the representative biomarkers and interrogate the relevant mechanisms to quantify the stresses of interest, e.g., environmental pollutants. This state-of-the-art concept and design broaden the knowledge of phytotoxicity assessment, advance novel implementations of phytotoxicity assay, and offer vast potential for long-term field phytotoxicity monitoring trials in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Jin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Song
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Yingying Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, PR China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-restoration, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, PR China.
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113
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Patel DS, Méndez R, Romañach RJ. Cleaning of direct compression continuous manufacturing equipment through displacement of API residues by excipients. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123849. [PMID: 38266938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This feasibility study evaluates a cleaning process designed to avoid the use of detergents and reduce operator exposure to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The continuous manufacturing equipment was cleaned using excipients to displace ibuprofen residues from the system. The cleaning process was performed using 3.0 kg of Prosolv® and 3.0 kg of Tablettose® 70. The impact of different volumetric feed rates of the cleaning excipient was assessed. The displacement of API and blend residues was evaluated with in-line near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to evaluate the cleaning progress as the Prosolv® flowed through the feeder, mixer and stream sampler. In-place Raman spectra were acquired from the material sticking to detect the ibuprofen residues. The study showed that Prosolv® and Tablettose® can remove ibuprofen residues effectively from the hopper, feeder screw, mixer paddles, shaft and stream sampler. The Process Analytical Technology (PAT) system can be utilized to detect API displacement during the cleaning process. However, dismantling and manual cleaning was required to remove material sticking at the surfaces adjacent to the rotating feeder screws and mixer paddles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Méndez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Rodolfo J Romañach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
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114
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Cui J, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Decoding PFAS contamination via Raman spectroscopy: A combined DFT and machine learning investigation. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133260. [PMID: 38128230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, density function theory (DFT) is employed to compute Raman spectra of 40 important Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) as listed in Draft Method 1633 by U.S. Environmental Protection Agent. A systematic comparison of their spectral features is conducted, and Raman peaks and vibrational modes are identified. The Raman spectral regions for the main chemical bonds (such as C-C, CF2 & CF3, O-H) and main functional groups (such as -COOH, -SO3H, -C2H4SO3H, and -SO2NH2) are identified and compared. The impacts of branching location in isomer, molecular chain length, and functional groups on the Raman spectra are analyzed. Particularly, the isomers of PFOA alter the peak locations slightly in wavenumber regions of 200 - 800 and 1000 - 1400 cm-1, while for PFOS, spectral features in the 230 - 360, 470 - 680, and 1030 - 1290 cm-1 regions exhibit significant difference. The carbon chain length can significantly increase the number of Raman peaks, while different functional groups give significantly different peak locations. To facilitate differentiation, a spectral database is constructed by introducing controlled noise into the DFT-computed Raman spectra. Subsequently, two chemometric techniques, principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), are applied to effectively distinguish among these spectra, both for 40 PFAS compounds and the isomers. The findings demonstrate the promising potential of combining Raman spectroscopy with advanced spectral analysis methods to discriminate between distinct PFAS compounds, holding significant implications for improved PFAS detection and characterization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jiaheng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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115
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Liu Y, Ye F, Yang C, Jiang H. Use of in vivo Raman spectroscopy and cryoablation for diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 308:123707. [PMID: 38043292 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the first-line treatment option for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but residual tumor often remains after TURBT, thereby leading to cancer recurrence. Here, we introduce combined use of in vivo Raman spectroscopy and in vivo cryoablation as a new approach to detect and remove residual bladder tumor during TURBT. Bladder cancer (BCa) patients treated with TURBT at our urological department between Dec 2019 and Jan 2021 were collected. First, Raman signals were collected from 74 BCa patients to build reference spectra of normal bladder tissue and of bladder cancers of different pathological types. Then, another 53 BCa patients were randomly categorized into two groups, 26 patients accepted traditional TURBT, 27 patients accepted TURBT followed by Raman scanning and cryoablation if Raman detected existence of residual tumor. The recurrence rates of the two groups until Oct 2022 were compared. Raman was capable of discriminating normal bladder tissue and BCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 80.8 %; and discriminating invasive (T1, T2) and noninvasive (Ta) BCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.3 % and 87.3 %. During follow-up, 2 in 27 patients had cancer recurrence in Raman-Cryoablation group, while 8 in 26 patients had cancer recurrence in traditional TURBT group. Combined use of Raman and cryoablation significantly reduced cancer recurrence (p = 0.0394). Raman and cryoablation can serve as an adjuvant therapy to TURBT to improve therapeutic effects and reduce recurrence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Fangdie Ye
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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116
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Li F, Wan Y, Sun D, Wang X, Hu W. Determination of the pressure and composition of wet gas fluid inclusions: An in situ Raman spectroscopic approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 308:123774. [PMID: 38141503 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous fluid within mineral-hosted inclusions provides important information for carbon cycle in deep Earth. In addition to CH4 and CO2, heavy hydrocarbons (e.g., C2H6 and C3H8) are frequently observed in carbonaceous fluid inclusions (i.e, wet gas inclusions with C1/∑Ci < 0.95). However, determination of the composition of such complex volatiles is difficult based on traditional microthermometric measurements. Here we carried out experimental calibrations on Raman spectroscopic measurements of the pressure (P) and composition of the CH4 ± C2H6 ± C3H8 ± H2S system at room temperature and 0.1-130 MPa. We confirmed that the C-H symmetric stretching vibration band of CH4 [ν1(CH4), ∼2917 cm-1] shifted to lower wavenumber with rising pressure, thus the P-ν1(CH4) relationship could be applied to calculate the pressure of wet gas. It should be noted that the presence of C2+ and/or H2S will shift the [ν1(CH4)] to lower wavenumber at constant pressure (with the order of C3H8 ≥ H2S > C2H6). Obviously, the P-ν1(CH4) relationship derived from pure CH4 system could not be simply applied to wet gas inclusion, otherwise the pressure would be overestimated. To avoid the overlap of the C-H vibrations of CH4, C2H6 and C3H8, the peak areas and peak heights of the overtone vibration of CH4 [2ν4(CH4), ∼2580 cm-1], C-C symmetric stretching vibrations of C2H6 [ν3(C2H6), ∼995 cm-1] and C3H8 [ν8(C3H8), ∼868 cm-1], and S-H symmetric stretching vibration of H2S [ν1(H2S), ∼2612 cm-1] were fitted using Gaussian + Lorentz functions. The obtained peak areas and peak heights were then used to calculate the Raman quantification factors (F factor and G factor, respectively) of C2H6, C3H8 and H2S relative to CH4, respectively. Both the F factor and G factor increased with rising pressure, whereas the FC2H6, FC3H8 and GH2S kept nearly constant at ∼5.69, 6.39 and 153.8, respectively in high pressure gas mixtures (e.g., >30 MPa). Therefore, for inclusions with higher internal pressure, the molar ratio of CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and H2S could be determined by the aforementioned F and G factors. This method was applied to the calcite-hosted single-phase gas inclusions in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation carbonate reservoir from the eastern Sichuan Basin (South China). Our results indicated that the trapping pressure would be obviously overestimated if the presence of heavy hydrocarbons was not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ye Wan
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Dongquan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Wenxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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117
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Crocombe RA, Kammrath BW, Leary PE, Tague TJ, Costa WDP. LEGO Blocks as "Standard" Samples for Evaluation of Fluorescence Avoidance and Mitigation in Raman Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2024; 78:340-348. [PMID: 38374334 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231221585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence interference in Raman spectroscopy is a well-known problem and is especially significant in portable instruments where the availability of a variety of exciting wavelengths is unlikely. Several fluorescence avoidance and mitigation schemes are described in the literature, and implemented by Raman spectrometer manufacturers, but there is no standard method for evaluating the accuracy and repeatability of these schemes. Some test samples shown in instrument descriptions, such as "dark rum" and "sesame seed oil" are not reproducible. Therefore, we propose a set of colored LEGO blocks as "standard" samples for this purpose; they have the attractive properties of being very low cost, rugged, non-toxic, easy to transport and store, and appear to be manufactured using a standard process. This paper shows the Raman spectra of a set of these blocks at different excitation wavelengths, acquired on laboratory instruments, along with their visible-near-infrared spectra. The goal is to qualitatively understand the origins of the observed fluorescence and lay the groundwork for exploring the effectiveness of methods currently implemented on handheld Raman instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke W Kammrath
- Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Henry C. Lee Institute of Forensic Science, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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118
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Allakhverdiev ES, Kossalbayev BD, Sadvakasova AK, Bauenova MO, Belkozhayev AM, Rodnenkov OV, Martynyuk TV, Maksimov GV, Allakhverdiev SI. Spectral insights: Navigating the frontiers of biomedical and microbiological exploration with Raman spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 252:112870. [PMID: 38368635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS), a powerful analytical technique, has gained increasing recognition and utility in the fields of biomedical and biological research. Raman spectroscopic analyses find extensive application in the field of medicine and are employed for intricate research endeavors and diagnostic purposes. Consequently, it enjoys broad utilization within the realm of biological research, facilitating the identification of cellular classifications, metabolite profiling within the cellular milieu, and the assessment of pigment constituents within microalgae. This article also explores the multifaceted role of RS in these domains, highlighting its distinct advantages, acknowledging its limitations, and proposing strategies for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Allakhverdiev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308 Tianjin, China; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert O Bauenova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz M Belkozhayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg V Rodnenkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Tamila V Martynyuk
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Georgy V Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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119
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Kopec M, Beton-Mysur K. The role of glucose and fructose on lipid droplet metabolism in human normal bronchial and cancer lung cells by Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 259:105375. [PMID: 38159659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fructose is one of the most important monosaccharides in the human diet that the human body needs for proper metabolism. This paper presents an approach to study biochemical changes caused by sugars in human normal bronchial cells (BEpiC) and human cancer lung cells (A549) by Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging. Results after supplementation of human bronchial and lung cells with fructose are also discussed and compared with results obtained for pure human bronchial and lung cells. Based on Raman techniques we have proved that peaks at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1444 cm-1, 1584 cm-1 and 2845 cm-1 can be treated as biomarkers to monitor fructose changes in cells. Results for fructose have been compared with results for glucose. Raman analysis of the bands at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1584 cm-1 and 2845 cm-1 for pure BEpiC and A549 cells and BEpiC and A549 after supplementation with fructose and glucose are higher after supplementation with fructose in comparison to glucose. The obtained results shed light on the uninvestigated influence of glucose and fructose on lipid droplet metabolism by Raman spectroscopy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopec
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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120
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Okotrub KA, Omelchenko AN, Chuyko EA, Amstislavsky SY, Surovtsev NV. Irreversible lipid phase transition detected in a porcine oocyte at chilling. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104850. [PMID: 38242275 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the membranes and lipid droplets of germ cells are in a conformationally disordered phase. Typically, during cooling, lipids undergo the transition to ordered phases and, upon heating, melt into a disordered phase. In this communication, we report the lipid phase transition in lipid droplets observed in porcine oocytes. Upon cooling, a sharp lipid phase transition from conformationally disordered to ordered state was detected within the temperature range between 20 and 15 °C. Subsequent heating to 45 °C does not return lipids to their original phase state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of an irreversible phase transition in lipid droplets of biological cells with native lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - A N Omelchenko
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - E A Chuyko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - S Y Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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121
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Loyola-Leyva A, Hernández-Vidales K, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, González FJ. Noninvasive Glucose Measurements Through Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy: A Review. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:460-469. [PMID: 35815609 PMCID: PMC10973841 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with diabetes need constant glucose monitoring to avoid health complications. However, they do not monitor their glucose levels as often as recommended, probably because glucose measurement devices can be painful, costly, need testing strips or sensors, require lancing the finger or inserting a sensor with risk of infection, and can be inaccurate or have failures. Therefore, developing new alternatives for noninvasive glucose measurements that overcome these disadvantages is necessary, being Raman spectroscopy (RS) a solution. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide an overview of the current glucose-monitoring technologies and the uses and advantages of RS to improve noninvasive transcutaneously glucose-monitoring devices. RESULTS The skin has been used to assess glucose levels noninvasively because it is an accessible tissue where glucose can be measured in the interstitial fluid (ISF) in the epidermis (especially in the stratum corneum). The most selected skin sites to apply RS for noninvasive glucose measurements were the nailfold, finger, and forearm because, in these sites, the penetration depth of the excitation light can reach the stratum corneum (10-20 µm) and the ISF. Studies found that RS is a good optical technique to measure glucose noninvasively by comparing glucose levels obtained by RS with those from invasive methods such as glucose meters with testing strips during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). CONCLUSIONS New alternatives for noninvasive glucose measurements that overcome the disadvantages of current devices is necessary, and RS is a possible solution. However, more research is needed to evaluate the stability, accuracy, costs, and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Loyola-Leyva
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, San Luis Potosi, México
| | | | | | - Francisco Javier González
- Terahertz Science and Technology National Lab, Coordination for Innovation and Application of Science and Technology, San Luis Potosi, México
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Kumar M, Naik DK, Maharana D, Das M, Jaiswal E, Naik AS, Kumari N. Sediment-associated microplastics in Chilika lake, India: Highlighting their prevalence, polymer types, possible sources, and ecological risks. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:169707. [PMID: 38184253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to assess microplastics (MPs) in the sediments of Chilika lake. MPs were extracted from 22 sediment samples using the density separation method combined with vacuum pump filtration. A stereo-zoom microscope and Raman spectroscopy were employed to identify the sediment-associated MPs. The total MPs collected from all 22 sites was 440 ± 3.53 particles kg-1 wet sediments, with sizes ranging between 50 and 500 μm. In terms of morphology, fibers and fragments emerged as the dominant MP types, with counts of 210 ± 1.66 and 175 ± 1.76 particles kg-1 wet sediments, respectively. Raman spectroscopy verified the presence of various MP polymers in the sediments, predominantly HDPE (37 %), followed by PS (20 %), PET (18 %), PA (11 %), PP (7 %), and PC (7 %). A notable color variation was observed in MPs; black being the most prevalent (38.8 %), succeeded by blue (19.5 %), green (11.8 %), white (11.5 %), red (10.6 %), and transparent (7.5 %). ANOVA results indicated significant (p > 0.05) variations in MP abundance across the 22 sampling locations. However, principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression analysis indicated that water quality parameters did not significantly influence MP abundance, yet it was found that MP retention was higher in fine-grained sediments like clay and silt. The leading sources of MPs in Chilika lake were found to be aquafarming, trailed by river and sewage discharges, fishing activities, antifouling coatings and tourism. Additionally, the pollution load index (PLI) was employed to gauge the ecological risks, categorizing the lake under risk category 1, which implies a minimal level of MPs pollution. This research aims to serve as an early warning system for MPs pollution in productive brackish water habitats globally, including Chilika lake, guiding policymakers towards appropriate management strategies and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Naik
- Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dusmant Maharana
- School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Kosamba, Surat 394125, Gujarat, India; Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India.
| | - Moumita Das
- Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ekta Jaiswal
- Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amiya Shankar Naik
- Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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123
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Morder CJ, Schorr HC, Balss KM, Schultz ZD. Bleach Cleaning of Commercially Available Gold Nanopillar Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Appl Spectrosc 2024; 78:268-276. [PMID: 38112337 PMCID: PMC10921819 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231219721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive technique that can assist in trace analysis for biomedical, diagnostic, and environmental applications. However, a major limitation of SERS is surface contamination of the substrates used, which can complicate the spectral reproducibility, limits of detection, and detection of unknown analytes. This is especially prevalent with commercially available substrates as shipping under a controlled and clean environment is difficult. Here we report a method using dilute bleach solutions to remove surface contamination from commercially available substrates consisting of gold-coated nanopillar arrays that maintains functionality. The results show that this method can be used to remove background signals associated with typical surface contamination in commercially available substrates as well as remove thiolated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Results indicate the bleach oxidizes the surface contaminants, which can then be easily washed away. Although the metallic surface also becomes oxidized in this process, the surface can be reduced without loss of SERS activity. The SERS intensity of SAMs improved following bleach treatment across all concentrations studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Morder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hannah C. Schorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin M. Balss
- Emerging Technologies, Manufacturing Science and Technology, Janssen Supply Chain, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Zachary D. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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124
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Sunil M, N M, Charles M, Chidangil S, Kumar S, Lukose J. Visualization and characterisation of microplastics in aquatic environment using a home-built micro-Raman spectroscopic set up. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120351. [PMID: 38382433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) which are tiny plastic particles of sizes range from 1 μm (μm) to 5 mm (mm), have become a growing cause of concern due to their widespread presence in the environment and their potential impacts on ecosystems and human health. Marine organisms have the potential to consume microplastics, which could lead to physical injuries, blockages, or the transfer of harmful substances up the food chain. Humans may indirectly consume microplastics through contaminated seafood and water, although the complete scope of health risks is currently under investigation. An essential step in gaining a comprehensive understanding of microplastic pollution in waterbodies is the identification of microplastics, which is also crucial for further development of effective environmental regulations to address its adverse impacts. Majority of the researchers are accomplishing it globally using commercial platforms based on Raman spectroscopy. However, the development of indigenous Raman systems, which can enable microplastic identification, particularly in developing nations, is the need of the hour due to the outrageous cost of commercial platforms. In the current study, a custom-designed micro-Raman spectroscopy system was developed to detect and characterize microplastics from waterbodies. The developed system enabled visualization, size measurement and characterization of microplastics. Experimental parameters were fine-tuned, and a standardized Raman database was established for each type of plastic. This system exhibited high resolution which was capable of analysing microparticles of size up to 5 μm. Principal component analysis was carried out on the experimental Raman data, demonstrating good classification amongst different kinds of plastics. The performance of the developed system in analysing real samples was evaluated through experiments conducted on water samples obtained from the shore of Malpe Beach in Udupi district. The results revealed the presence of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate in the samples, along with the detection of pigments like copper phthalocyanine and indigo blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sunil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mithun N
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Meril Charles
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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125
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Chamberlain R, Breitkreutz J, Fischer B. Drug content determination of low-dosed hot-melt extruded filaments using Raman spectroscopy. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:258-264. [PMID: 38407128 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2323622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of a non-disruptive Raman spectroscopic method to quantify drug concentrations below 5 w% within a polymer matrix produced by hot-melt extrusion (HME). For calibration, praziquantel (PZQ)-polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetat-copolymer (PVP-VA) mixtures were extruded. By focusing the laser light of the Raman probe to a diameter of 1 mm and implementing a self-constructed filament holder, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio could be reduced considerably. The obtained Raman spectra show quite high fluorescence, which is likely to be caused by dissolved pharmaceutical active ingredient (API) in the polymer matrix. For content determination, HPLC analysis was conducted as a reference method using the same filament segments. A partial least squares (PLS) model, regressing the PZQ concentrations from HPLC method analysis versus the off-line collected Raman spectra, was developed. The linear correlation for a suitable extrusion run for the production of low-dosed filaments (extrusion 1, two kneading zones) is acceptable (R2 = 0.9915) while the correlation for a extrusion set-up with low miscibility (extrusion 2; without kneading zone) is unacceptable (R2 = 0.5349). The predictive performance of the calibration model from extrusion 1 is rated by the root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), which was 0.08%. This calibration can now be used to validate the content of low-dosed filaments during HME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Chamberlain
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Fischer
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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126
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Ichinose J, Oba K, Arase Y, Kaneshiro J, Tate SI, Watanabe TM. Quantitative prediction of rice starch digestibility using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate calibration analysis. Food Chem 2024; 435:137505. [PMID: 37837895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Digestibility is an important characteristic of rice starch. It is affected by the growing environment, such as temperature and soil, so that even in the same genetic cultivar the digestibility of each product will be different. Here, we predicted rice starch digestibility by Raman scattering spectroscopy. A partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was performed between biochemically quantified digestibility index values and Raman scattering spectra of purified starch from rice samples of different cultivars and growing conditions. The prediction model obtained by analyzing the individual cultivars was able to predict digestibility with a high accuracy, with an R2 of 0.95 and RMSEP of 0.43, whereas a mixture of all cultivars resulted in more than two times worse accuracy. Our finding suggests that the molecular structures affecting digestibility fluctuate depending on the growing environment while maintaining a unique balance regulated by cultivar-specific starch synthesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Ichinose
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Kenji Oba
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute Agricultural Technology Research Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuya Arase
- Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute Food Technology Research Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneshiro
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tate
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Bioimaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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127
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Jayan H, Yin L, Xue S, Zou X, Guo Z. Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic platforms: A promising tool for detection of foodborne pathogens in food products. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114052. [PMID: 38395567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogens in food products is paramount for ensuring food safety and public health. In the ongoing effort to tackle this issue, detection methods are continually researched and upgraded to achieve rapidity, sensitivity, portability, and cost-effectiveness. This review addresses the critical need for improved technique by focusing on Raman spectroscopy-based microfluidic platforms, which have shown potential in revolutionizing the field of foodborne pathogen analysis offering point-of-care diagnosis and multiplex detection. The key problem lies in the persistent threat of compromised food quality and public health due to inadequate pathogen detection. The review elucidates the various trapping strategies employed in a microfluidic platform, including optical trapping, electrical trapping, mechanical trapping, and acoustic trapping for the capture of microbial cells. Subsequently, the review delves into the key aspects of the application of microbial detection in food products, highlighting recent advances and challenges in the field. The integrated technique allows point-of-care application assessment, which is an attractive quality for in-line and real-time detection of foodborne pathogens. However, the application of the technique in food products is limited and requires further research to combat the complexity of the food matrix, reduced costs of production, and ensure real-time use for diverse pathogens. Ultimately, this review aims to propel advancements in microbial detection, thus promoting enhanced food safety through state-of-the-art technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Limei Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Detection & Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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128
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Chen H, Nizard P, Decorse P, Nowak S, Ammar-Merah S, Pinson J, Gazeau F, Mangeney C, Luo Y. Dual-Mode Nanoprobes Based on Lanthanide Doped Fluoride Nanoparticles Functionalized by Aryl Diazonium Salts for Fluorescence and SERS Bioimaging. Small 2024; 20:e2305346. [PMID: 37875723 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The design of dual-mode fluorescence and Raman tags stimulates a growing interest in biomedical imaging and sensing applications as they offer the possibility to synergistically combine the versatility and velocity of fluorescence imaging with the specificity of Raman spectroscopy. Although lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most studied fluorescent nanoprobes, their use for the development of bimodal fluorescent-Raman probes has never been reported yet, to the best of the authors knowledge, probably due to the difficulty to functionalize them with Raman reporter groups. This gap is filled herein by proposing a fast and straightforward approach based on aryl diazonium salt chemistry to functionalize Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped CaF2 and LaF3 NPs by Raman scatters. The resulting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-encoded lanthanide-doped fluoride NPs retain their fluorescence labeling capacity and display efficient SERS activity for cell bioimaging. The potential of this new generation of bimodal nanoprobes is assessed through cell viability assays and intracellular fluorescence and Raman imaging, opening up unprecedented opportunities for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Philippe Nizard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
- Structural and Molecular Analysis platform core facility of BioMedTech Facilities INSERM US36, CNRS UAR2009, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | | | - Sophie Nowak
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | | | - Jean Pinson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Yun Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Paris, F-75006, France
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129
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Belyaeva L, Ludwig C, Lai YC, Chou CC, Shih CJ. Uniform, Strain-Free, Large-Scale Graphene and h-BN Monolayers Enabled by Hydrogel Substrates. Small 2024; 20:e2307054. [PMID: 37867241 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Translation of the unique properties of 2D monolayers from non-scalable micron-sized samples to macroscopic scale is a longstanding challenge obstructed by the substrate-induced strains, interface nonuniformities, and sample-to-sample variations inherent to the scalable fabrication methods. So far, the most successful strategies to reduce strain in graphene are the reduction of the interface roughness and lattice mismatch by using hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), with the drawback of limited uniformity and applicability to other 2D monolayers, and liquid water, which is not compatible with electronic devices. This work demonstrates a new class of substrates based on hydrogels that overcome these limitations and excel h-BN and water substrates at strain relaxation enabling superiorly uniform and reproducible centimeter-sized sheets of unstrained monolayers. The ultimate strain relaxation and uniformity are rationalized by the extreme structural adaptability of the hydrogel surface owing to its high liquid content and low Young's modulus, and are universal to all 2D materials irrespective of their crystalline structure. Such platforms can be integrated into field effect transistors and demonstrate enhanced charge carrier mobilities in graphene. These results present a universal strategy for attaining uniform and strain-free sheets of 2D materials and underline the opportunities enabled by interfacing them with soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Belyaeva
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Ludwig
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Cheng Lai
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chou
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
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130
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Mannas MP, Deng FM, Ion-Margineanu A, Jones D, Hoskoppal D, Melamed J, Pastore S, Freudiger C, Orringer DA, Taneja SS. Stimulated Raman Histology Interpretation by Artificial Intelligence Provides Near-Real-Time Pathologic Feedback for Unprocessed Prostate Biopsies. J Urol 2024; 211:384-391. [PMID: 38100831 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stimulated Raman histology is an innovative technology that generates real-time, high-resolution microscopic images of unprocessed tissue, significantly reducing prostate biopsy interpretation time. This study aims to evaluate the ability for an artificial intelligence convolutional neural network to interpretate prostate biopsy histologic images created with stimulated Raman histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unprocessed, unlabeled prostate biopsies were prospectively imaged using a stimulated Raman histology microscope. Following stimulated Raman histology creation, the cores underwent standard pathological processing and interpretation by at least 2 genitourinary pathologists to establish a ground truth assessment. A network, trained on 303 prostate biopsies from 100 participants, was used to measure the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of detecting prostate cancer on stimulated Raman histology relative to conventional pathology. The performance of the artificial intelligence was evaluated on an independent 113-biopsy test set. RESULTS Prostate biopsy images obtained through stimulated Raman histology can be generated within a time frame of 2 to 2.75 minutes. The artificial intelligence system achieved a rapid classification of prostate biopsies with cancer, with a potential identification time of approximately 1 minute. The artificial intelligence demonstrated an impressive accuracy of 96.5% in detecting prostate cancer. Moreover, the artificial intelligence exhibited a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 96.6%. CONCLUSIONS Stimulated Raman histology generates microscopic images capable of accurately identifying prostate cancer in real time, without the need for sectioning or tissue processing. These images can be interpreted by artificial intelligence, providing physicians with near-real-time pathological feedback during the diagnosis or treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Mannas
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - F M Deng
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | - D Jones
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - D Hoskoppal
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - J Melamed
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - S Pastore
- Invenio Imaging, Santa Clara, California
| | | | - D A Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - S S Taneja
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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131
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Czarnomska M, Lewkowicz A, Pierpaoli M, Gruszczyńska E, Kasprzak M, Gryczyński Z, Bojarski P, Steinborn S, Woźniewski K. Analysis of friction ridge evidence for trace amounts of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical industries by Raman spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:437-447. [PMID: 38095210 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The detection of potentially harmful substances presents a multifaceted challenge. On one hand, it can directly save lives, on the other, it can significantly aid and enhance police work, thereby increasing the effectiveness of investigations. The research conducted in this study primarily aims to identify paracetamol in fingerprints, considering situations involving direct contact of a person with paracetamol either chronically or in a single dose. The identification procedure presented, utilizing Raman spectroscopy, aims to rapidly detect the xenobiotic following ingestion by an individual, which involves touching the tablet with their fingers-this can be termed as touch evidence in forensic science investigations. Additionally, the authors focus on assessing the impact of additives present in drugs containing paracetamol as the main active ingredient. The screening results obtained will enable us to analyze the composition of drugs in terms of potentially toxic substances, and their influence on the physicochemical activity of the active substance. We successfully identified the paracetamol molecule using a noninvasive forensic trace detection method. Samples in the form of common drugs containing 500 mg of paracetamol were studied. Throughout the study, comprehensive validation of the method was ensured through the utilization of a statistical model, which excluded sensitivity to the presence of other substances, whether additives or from the external environment. The proposed approach to trace the content of substances in fingerprint using Raman scattering analysis provides a useful starting point to enhance current analytical methods not only in forensic science but also in toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Czarnomska
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aneta Lewkowicz
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication, and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Zygmunt Gryczyński
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Piotr Bojarski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Wang N, Yang A, Tian X, Liao J, Yang Z, Pan Y, Guo Y, He S. Label-free analysis of the β-hydroxybutyricacid drug on mitochondrial redox states repairment in type 2 diabetic mice by resonance raman scattering. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116320. [PMID: 38387134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial redox imbalance underlies the pathophysiology of type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely related to tissue damage and dysfunction. Studies have shown the beneficial effects of dietary strategies that elevate β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels in alleviating T2DM. Nevertheless, the role of BHB has not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We performed a spectral study to visualize the preventive effects of BHB on blood and multiorgan mitochondrial redox imbalance in T2DM mice via using label-free resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and further explored the impact of BHB therapy on the pathology of T2DM mice by histological and biochemical analyses. FINDINGS Our data revealed that RRS-based mitochondrial redox states assay enabled clear and reliable identification of the improvement of mitochondrial redox imbalance by BHB, evidenced by the reduction of Raman peak intensity at 750 cm-1, 1128 cm-1 and 1585 cm-1 in blood, tissue as well as purified mitochondria of db/db mice and the increase of tissue mitochondrial succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) staining after BHB treatment. Exogenous supplementation of BHB was also found to attenuate T2DM pathology related to mitochondrial redox states, involving organ injury, blood glucose control, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. INTERPRETATION Our findings provide strong evidence for BHB as a potential therapeutic strategy targeting mitochondria for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Linhai, China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yixiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Sailing He
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Linhai, China; Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden.
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133
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Aslam M, Rajbdad F, Azmat S, Li Z, Boudreaux JP, Thiagarajan R, Yao S, Xu J. A novel method for detection of pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma using explainable machine learning. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2024; 245:108019. [PMID: 38237450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a form of pancreatic cancer that is one of the primary causes of cancer-related deaths globally, with less than 10 % of the five years survival rate. The prognosis of pancreatic cancer has remained poor in the last four decades, mainly due to the lack of early diagnostic mechanisms. This study proposes a novel method for detecting PDAC using explainable and supervised machine learning from Raman spectroscopic signals. METHODS An insightful feature set consisting of statistical, peak, and extended empirical mode decomposition features is selected using the support vector machine recursive feature elimination method integrated with a correlation bias reduction. Explicable features successfully identified mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumor suppressor protein53 (TP53) in the fingerprint region for the first time in the literature. PDAC and normal pancreas are classified using K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machine classifiers. RESULTS This study achieved a classification accuracy of 98.5% using a nonlinear support vector machine. Our proposed method reduced test time by 28.5 % and saved 85.6 % memory utilization, which reduces complexity significantly and is more accurate than the state-of-the-art method. The generalization of the proposed method is assessed by fifteen-fold cross-validation, and its performance is evaluated using accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we proposed a method to detect and define the fingerprint region for PDAC using explainable machine learning. This simple, accurate, and efficient method for PDAC detection in mice could be generalized to examine human pancreatic cancer and provide a basis for precise chemotherapy for early cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Aslam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fozia Rajbdad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shoaib Azmat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J Philip Boudreaux
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ramcharan Thiagarajan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Okada K, Ono T, Hayashi Y, Kumada S, Onuki Y. Use of Time-Domain NMR for 1H T 1 Relaxation Measurement and Fitting Analysis in Homogeneity Evaluation of Amorphous Solid Dispersion. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:680-687. [PMID: 37659719 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the usefulness of 1H T1 relaxation measurements for evaluating the homogeneity of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Indomethacin and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used to prepare two kinds of ASDs. One was inhomogeneous ASD (ASDmelt) prepared by a melt-quenching method, and the other was homogeneous ASD (ASDsolvent) prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The T1 relaxation was measured by the time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) technique using a low-field NMR system. Curve-fitting analysis of T1 relaxation plots was conducted using the Akaike information criterion. This fitting analysis revealed that the T1 relaxation of ASDmelt and ASDsolvent was biphasic and monophasic, respectively. ASDmelt and ASDsolvent were inhomogeneous and homogeneous on a nanometer scale, respectively, considering the spin diffusion of 1H nuclei. These T1 results were consistent with the Raman mapping of ASDs. From the fitting analysis of 1H T1 relaxation, we conclude that TD-NMR is a promising technique for evaluating ASD homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Okada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ono
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Shungo Kumada
- Formulation Development Department, Development & Planning Division, Nichi-Iko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 205-1 Shimoumezawa, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama 936-0857, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Onuki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Camy C, Grünewald T, Lamy E, Roseren F, Caumes M, Fovet T, Brioche T, Genovesio C, Chopard A, Pithioux M, Roffino S. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101734. [PMID: 38292933 PMCID: PMC10825371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The fibrocartilaginous tendon enthesis, i.e. the site where a tendon is attached to bone through a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is considered as a functionally graded interface. However, at local scale, a very limited number of studies have characterized micromechanical properties of this transitional tissue. The first goal of this work was to characterize the micromechanical properties of the mineralized part of the healthy Achilles tendon enthesis (ATE) through microindentation testing and to assess the degree of mineralization and of carbonation of mineral crystals by Raman spectroscopy. Since little is known about enthesis biological plasticity, our second objective was to examine the effects of unloading and reloading, using a mouse hindlimb-unloading model, on both the micromechanical properties and the mineral phase of the ATE. Elastic modulus, hardness, degree of mineralization, and degree of carbonation were assessed after 14 days of hindlimb suspension and again after a subsequent 6 days of reloading. The elastic modulus gradually increased along the mineralized part of the ATE from the tidemark to the subchondral bone, with the same trend being found for hardness. Whereas the degree of carbonation did not differ according to zone of measurement, the degree of mineralization increased by >70 % from tidemark to subchondral bone. Thus, the gradient in micromechanical properties is in part explained by a mineralization gradient. A 14-day unloading period did not appear to affect the gradient of micromechanical properties of the ATE, nor the degree of mineralization or carbonation. However, contrary to a short period of unloading, early return to normal mechanical load reduced the micromechanical properties gradient, regardless of carbonate-to-phosphate ratios, likely due to the more homogeneous degree of mineralization. These findings provide valuable data not only for tissue bioengineering, but also for musculoskeletal clinical studies and microgravity studies focusing on long-term space travel by astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Camy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tilman Grünewald
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Edouard Lamy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Flavy Roseren
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Théo Fovet
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
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Blain-Hartung M, Johannes von Sass G, Plaickner J, Katz S, Tu Hoang O, Andrea Mroginski M, Esser N, Budisa N, Forest KT, Hildebrandt P. On the Role of a Conserved Tryptophan in the Chromophore Pocket of Cyanobacteriochrome. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168227. [PMID: 37544357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The cyanobacteriochrome Slr1393 can be photoconverted between a red (Pr) and green absorbing form (Pg). The recently determined crystal structures of both states suggest a major movement of Trp496 from a stacking interaction with ring D of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore in Pr to a position outside the chromophore pocket in Pg. Here, we investigated the role of this amino acid during photoconversion in solution using engineered protein variants in which Trp496 was substituted by natural and non-natural amino acids. These variants and the native protein were studied by various spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, IR, NIR and UV resonance Raman) complemented by theoretical approaches. Trp496 is shown to affect the electronic transition of PCB and to be essential for the thermal equilibrium between Pr and an intermediate state O600. However, Trp496 is not required to stabilize the tilted orientation of ring D in Pr, and does not play a role in the secondary structure changes of Slr1393 during the Pr/Pg transition. The present results confirm the re-orientation of Trp496 upon Pr → Pg conversion, but do not provide evidence of a major change in the microenvironment of this residue. Structural models indicate the penetration of water molecules into the chromophore pocket in both Pr and Pg states and thus water-Trp contacts, which can readily account for the subtle spectral changes between Pr and Pg. Thus, we conclude that reorientation of Trp496 during the Pr-to-Pg photoconversion in solution is not associated with a major change in the dielectric environment in the two states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Blain-Hartung
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Johannes von Sass
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. CL1, Müller-Breslau-Str.10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Plaickner
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Sekr. EW 6-1, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sagie Katz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oanh Tu Hoang
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Esser
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Sekr. EW 6-1, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V, Schwarzschildstraße 8, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. CL1, Müller-Breslau-Str.10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, 360 Parker Building, R3T 2N2 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Katrina T Forest
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Olin M, Wolnick N, Crittenden H, Quach A, Russell B, Hendrick S, Armstrong J, Webster T, Hadley B, Dickson M, Hodgkins J, Busa K, Connolly R, Downey B. An automated high inoculation density fed-batch bioreactor, enabled through N-1 perfusion, accommodates clonal diversity and doubles titers. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3410. [PMID: 38013663 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
An important consideration for biopharmaceutical processes is the cost of goods (CoGs) of biotherapeutics manufacturing. CoGs can be reduced by dramatically increasing the productivity of the bioreactor process. In this study, we demonstrate that an intensified process which couples a perfused N-1 seed reactor and a fully automated high inoculation density (HID) N stage reactor substantially increases the bioreactor productivity as compared to a low inoculation density (LID) control fed-batch process. A panel of six CHOK1SV GS-KO® CHO cell lines expressing three different monoclonal antibodies was evaluated in this intensified process, achieving an average 85% titer increase and 132% space-time yield (STY) increase was demonstrated when comparing the 12-day HID process to a 15-day LID control process. These productivity increases were enabled by automated nutrient feeding in both the N-1 and N stage bioreactors using in-line process analytical technologies (PAT) and feedback control. The N-1 bioreactor utilized in-line capacitance to automatically feed the bioreactor based on a capacitance-specific perfusion rate (CapSPR). The N-stage bioreactor utilized in-line Raman spectroscopy to estimate real-time concentrations of glucose, phenylalanine, and methionine, which are held to target set points using automatic feed additions. These automated feeding methodologies were shown to be generalizable across six cell lines with diverse feed requirements. We show this new process can accommodate clonal diversity and reproducibly achieve substantial titer uplifts compared to traditional cell culture processes, thereby establishing a baseline technology platform upon which further increases bioreactor productivity and CoGs reduction can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikayla Olin
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
| | - Nicolas Wolnick
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Anthony Quach
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian Russell
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Julia Armstrong
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
| | - Thaddaeus Webster
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian Hadley
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marissa Dickson
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jessica Hodgkins
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kevin Busa
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Roger Connolly
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brandon Downey
- Research and Development, Lonza Biologics, Bend, Oregon, USA
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Lopes DF, Silverio A, Schmidt AKA, Picca GB, Silveira L. Characterization of biomarkers in blood serum for cancer diagnosis in dogs using Raman spectroscopy. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300338. [PMID: 38100121 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers of cancer in sera of domestic dogs were detected through Raman spectroscopy with 830 nm excitation. Raman spectra of sera from 61 dogs (31 healthy and 30 with cancer, resulting in 154 and 200 spectra, respectively) were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction and partial least squares (PLS) regression for discrimination between Healthy and Cancer groups. In the PCA, the peaks at 1132, 1342, 1368, and 1453 cm-1 (albumin and phenylalanine) were higher for the Cancer group. The "redshift" of the peaks at 621, 1003, and 1032 cm-1 (conformational change in proteins and/or bonds at sites close to the aromatic ring of amino acids) occurred in the Cancer group, and the peaks at 451 cm-1 (tryptophan) and 1441 cm-1 (lipids) were higher for the Healthy group. The PLS-DA classified the serum spectra in Healthy and Cancer groups with high accuracy (78%).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Landulfo Silveira
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi-UAM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Innovation, Technology and Education-CITÉ, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mayorova OA, Saveleva MS, Bratashov DN, Prikhozhdenko ES. Combination of Machine Learning and Raman Spectroscopy for Determination of the Complex of Whey Protein Isolate with Hyaluronic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:666. [PMID: 38475349 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules and their complexes remain interesting topics in various fields, such as targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The complex chemical structure of such substances can be studied with a combination of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning. The complex of whey protein isolate (WPI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is beneficial in terms of drug delivery. It provides HA properties with the stability obtained from WPI. However, differences between WPI-HA and WPI solutions can be difficult to detect by Raman spectroscopy. Especially when the low HA (0.1, 0.25, 0.5% w/v) and the constant WPI (5% w/v) concentrations are used. Before applying the machine learning techniques, all the collected data were divided into training and test sets in a ratio of 3:1. The performances of two ensemble methods, random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (GB), were evaluated on the Raman data, depending on the type of problem (regression or classification). The impact of noise reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) on the performance of the two machine learning methods was assessed. This procedure allowed us to reduce the number of features while retaining 95% of the explained variance in the data. Another application of these machine learning methods was to identify the WPI Raman bands that changed the most with the addition of HA. Both the RF and GB could provide feature importance data that could be plotted in conjunction with the actual Raman spectra of the samples. The results show that the addition of HA to WPI led to changes mainly around 1003 cm-1 (correspond to ring breath of phenylalanine) and 1400 cm-1, as demonstrated by the regression and classification models. For selected Raman bands, where the feature importance was greater than 1%, a direct evaluation of the effect of the amount of HA on the Raman intensities was performed but was found not to be informative. Thus, applying the RF or GB estimators to the Raman data with feature importance evaluation could detect and highlight small differences in the spectra of substances that arose from changes in the chemical structure; using PCA to filter out noise in the Raman data could improve the performance of both the RF and GB. The demonstrated results will make it possible to analyze changes in chemical bonds during various processes, for example, conjugation, to study complex mixtures of substances, even with small additions of the components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A Mayorova
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Mariia S Saveleva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N Bratashov
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Nasiri MA, Tong SY, Cho C, Gómez CM, Cantarero A, Culebras M. Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1121. [PMID: 38473595 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have improved the power factor of conductive polymer nanocomposites by combining layer-by-layer assembly with electrochemical deposition to produce flexible thermoelectric materials based on PEDOT/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-films. To produce films based on CNTs and PEDOT, a dual approach has been employed: (i) the layer-by-layer method has been utilized for constructing the CNTs layer and (ii) electrochemical polymerization has been used in the synthesis of the conducting polymer. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties were optimized by controlling the experimental conditions including the number of deposition cycles and electropolymerizing time. The electrical characterization of the samples was carried out by measuring the Seebeck voltage produced under a small temperature difference and by measuring the electrical conductivity using the four-point probe method. The resulting values of the Seebeck coefficient S and σ were used to determine the power factor. The structural and morphological analyses of CNTs/PEDOT samples were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The best power factor achieved was 131.1 (μWm-1K-2), a competitive value comparable to some inorganic thermoelectric materials. Since the synthesis of the CNT/PEDOT layers is rather simple and the ingredients used are relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly, the proposed nanocomposites are a very interesting approach as an application for recycling heat waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Nasiri
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Carrer del Catedràtic José Beltrán 2, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Seong Yuen Tong
- Materials Science Institute, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Clara M Gómez
- Materials Science Institute, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Andres Cantarero
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Carrer del Catedràtic José Beltrán 2, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario Culebras
- Materials Science Institute, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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141
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Frempong SB, Salbreiter M, Mostafapour S, Pistiki A, Bocklitz TW, Rösch P, Popp J. Illuminating the Tiny World: A Navigation Guide for Proper Raman Studies on Microorganisms. Molecules 2024; 29:1077. [PMID: 38474589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an emerging method for the identification of bacteria. Nevertheless, a lot of different parameters need to be considered to establish a reliable database capable of identifying real-world samples such as medical or environmental probes. In this review, the establishment of such reliable databases with the proper design in microbiological Raman studies is demonstrated, shining a light into all the parts that require attention. Aspects such as the strain selection, sample preparation and isolation requirements, the phenotypic influence, measurement strategies, as well as the statistical approaches for discrimination of bacteria, are presented. Furthermore, the influence of these aspects on spectra quality, result accuracy, and read-out are discussed. The aim of this review is to serve as a guide for the design of microbiological Raman studies that can support the establishment of this method in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Baaba Frempong
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Salbreiter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sara Mostafapour
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Pistiki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance-Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance-Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance-Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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142
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Contreras J, Mostafapour S, Popp J, Bocklitz T. Siamese Networks for Clinically Relevant Bacteria Classification Based on Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2024; 29:1061. [PMID: 38474573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying bacterial strains is essential in microbiology for various practical applications, such as disease diagnosis and quality monitoring of food and water. Classical machine learning algorithms have been utilized to identify bacteria based on their Raman spectra. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer higher classification accuracy, but they require extensive training sets and retraining of previous untrained class targets can be costly and time-consuming. Siamese networks have emerged as a promising solution. They are composed of two CNNs with the same structure and a final network that acts as a distance metric, converting the classification problem into a similarity problem. Classical machine learning approaches, shallow and deep CNNs, and two Siamese network variants were tailored and tested on Raman spectral datasets of bacteria. The methods were evaluated based on mean sensitivity, training time, prediction time, and the number of parameters. In this comparison, Siamese-model2 achieved the highest mean sensitivity of 83.61 ± 4.73 and demonstrated remarkable performance in handling unbalanced and limited data scenarios, achieving a prediction accuracy of 73%. Therefore, the choice of model depends on the specific trade-off between accuracy, (prediction/training) time, and resources for the particular application. Classical machine learning models and shallow CNN models may be more suitable if time and computational resources are a concern. Siamese networks are a good choice for small datasets and CNN for extensive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Contreras
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz, Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sara Mostafapour
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz, Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz, Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Computer Science, University Bayreuth Universitaetsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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143
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Pimenov N, Kartsev A, Lebedeva E, Mishina ED. Fingerprint Raman spectroscopy for two-dimensional MoS 2xSe 2(1-x)alloys. J Phys Condens Matter 2024. [PMID: 38417174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and alloys based on them, is a promising platform for creating opto- and nanoelectronic devices. For layered alloys, there is a strong need to theoretically determine the frequencies of vibrational modes and dependences of their energies on the stoichiometric composition. By comparing experimentally measured Raman modes with theoretical predictions, it becomes possible to determine the stoichiometric composition of the manufactured alloys. In this work, we investigated the vibrational properties of monolayer MoS2xSe2(1-x)alloys utilizing DFT method and confirmed them experimentally by Raman spectroscopy. The dependence of A1' and E12g"dactylographic" modes on the stoichiometric composition of alloys has been calculated. When in pure MoSe2 structure Se atoms are substituted by S atoms, the in-plane E12g(S-Mo), E12g(Se-Mo) and out-plane A1' (S-Mo) modes shifted linearly in x to higher frequencies, while the out-plane A1' (Se-Mo) mode did the same in nonlinear way. We also identified the E12g(Se-Mo-S) mode, which specific for the MoS2xSe2(1-x)alloys and does not appear in pure two-component TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pimenov
- MIREA Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, Moscow, 119454, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexey Kartsev
- FSBIS Computing Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, im Yu Chena st., 65, Habarovsk, 680000, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Ekaterina Lebedeva
- MIREA Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, Moscow, 119454, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena D Mishina
- MIREA Russian Technological University, 78 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow, 119454, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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144
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Yue H, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Han Y, Liu S, Geng L, Xu S, Xin Y, Yao M. Effects of Hydrogenation on the Corrosion Behavior of Zircaloy-4. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1101. [PMID: 38473573 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen plays an important role in the corrosion of zirconium alloys, and the degree of influence highly depends on the alloy composition and conditions. In this work, the effects of hydrogenation on the corrosion behavior of Zircaloy-4 in water containing 3.5 ppm Li + 1000 ppm B at 360 °C/18.6 MPa were investigated. The results revealed that hydrogenation can shorten the corrosion transition time and increase the corrosion rates of Zircaloy-4. The higher corrosion rates can be ascribed to the larger stress in the oxide film of hydrogenated samples, which can accelerate the evolution of the microstructure of the oxide film. In addition, we also found that hydrogenation has little effect on the t-ZrO2 content in the oxide film and there is no direct correspondence between the t-ZrO2 content and the corrosion resistance of the Zircaloy-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yue
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yinjie Han
- Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shichao Liu
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Laiyao Geng
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Shitong Xu
- Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yong Xin
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Meiyi Yao
- Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
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145
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Johnson K, Kuhn M. What they forgot to tell you about machine learning with an application to pharmaceutical manufacturing. Pharm Stat 2024. [PMID: 38415497 DOI: 10.1002/pst.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Predictive models (a.k.a. machine learning models) are ubiquitous in all stages of drug research, safety, development, manufacturing, and marketing. The results of these models are used inside and outside of pharmaceutical companies for the purpose of understanding scientific processes and for predicting characteristics of new samples or patients. While there are many resources that describe such models, there are few that explain how to develop a robust model that extracts the highest possible performance from the available data, especially in support of pharmaceutical applications. This tutorial will describe pitfalls and best practices for developing and validating predictive models with a specific application to a monitoring a pharmaceutical manufacturing process. The pitfalls and best practices will be highlighted to call attention to specific points that are not generally discussed in other resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Kuhn
- Posit PBC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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146
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Manna P, Kanthal S, Das A, Banerjee A, Bandyopadhyay S. Low temperature Raman spectroscopic study of anharmonic and spin-phonon coupled quasi-two dimensional rare earth based francisites. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:215704. [PMID: 38373342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2aad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Mineral francisites Cu3Bi(SeO3)2O2Cl are unique compounds with interesting quasi two-dimensional structure along with fascinating magnetic properties. The magnetic properties can be fine-tuned when non-magnetic Bi is replaced by a suitable rare earth (RE) metal. It is because of the inclusion of additional magnetic sub-centre RE apart from Cu. Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy measurements in RE based francisites [Cu3RE(SeO3)2O2Cl, shortly RECufr] were performed in the range of 11 K-295 K. Among the three studied RECufr (LaCufr, NdCufr, and DyCufr) compounds, the properties of phonon vibration vary from moderate (in DyCufr) to weak (in LaCufr) spin phonon coupled and the absence of spin phonon coupling (SPC) (i.e. strictly anharmonic in nature) was observed in NdCufr and the reason for this observation has been provided. More specifically, two Raman-active phonons soften below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature ofTN≈ 39 K in DyCufr compound, indicating the existence of moderate SPC. This trend of phonon vibration is correlated with magnetic properties, particularly field induced metamagnetic transition (MMT). Strong MMT enabled DyCufr develops SPC, while weak MMT enabled NdCufr is unable to develop SPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manna
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - S Kanthal
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - A Das
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - A Banerjee
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - S Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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147
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Sakr AH, Nassif MS, El-Korashy DI. Amelogenin-inspired peptide, calcium phosphate solution, fluoride and their synergistic effect on enamel biomimetic remineralization: an in vitro pH-cycling model. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 38413983 PMCID: PMC10898002 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods were introduced for enamel biomimetic remineralization that utilize a biomimetic analogue to interact and absorb bioavailable calcium and phosphate ions and induce crystal nucleation on demineralized enamel. Amelogenin is the most predominant enamel matrix protein that is involved in enamel biomineralization. It plays a major role in developing the enamel's hierarchical microstructure. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the ability of an amelogenin-inspired peptide to promote the remineralization potential of fluoride and a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution in treating artificially induced enamel carious lesions under pH-cycling regimen. METHODS Fifty enamel slices were prepared with a window (4*4 mm2 ) on the surface. Five samples were set as control healthy enamel and 45 samples were subjected to demineralization for 3 days. Another 5 samples were set as control demineralized enamel and 40 enamel samples were assigned into 8 experimental groups (n=5) (P/I, P/II, P/III, P/AS, NP/I, NP/II, NP/III and NP/AS) according to peptide treatment (peptide P or non-peptide NP) and remineralizing solution used (I; calcium phosphate solution, II; calcium phosphate fluoride solution, III; fluoride solution and AS; artificial saliva). Samples were then subjected to demineralization/remineralization cycles for 9 days. Samples in all experimental groups were evaluated using Raman spectroscopy for mineral content recovery percentage, microhardness and nanoindentation as healthy, demineralized enamel and after pH-cycling. Data were statistically analysed using two-way repeated measures Anova followed by Bonferroni-corrected post hoc test for pairwise multiple comparisons between groups. Statistical significance was set at p= 0.05. Additionally, XRD, FESEM and EDXS were used for crystal orientation, surface morphology and elemental analysis after pH-cycling. RESULTS Nanocrystals clumped in a directional manner were detected in peptide-treated groups. P/II showed the highest significant mean values in mineral content recovery (63.31%), microhardness (268.81±6.52 VHN), elastic modulus (88.74±2.71 GPa), nanohardness (3.08±0.59 GPa) and the best crystal orientation with I002/I300 (1.87±0.08). CONCLUSION Despite pH changes, the tested peptide was capable of remineralizing enamel with ordered crystals. Moreover, the supplementary use of calcium phosphate fluoride solution with peptide granted an enhancement in enamel mechanical properties after remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa H Sakr
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Salah Nassif
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia I El-Korashy
- Dental Biomaterials, Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African unity street, El-Qobba Bridge, El-Weili, Cairo, Egypt
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148
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Zhang R, Gan L, Zhang D, Sun H, Li Y, Ning CZ. Extreme Thermal Insulation and Tradeoff of Thermal Transport Mechanisms between Graphene and WS 2 Monolayers. Adv Mater 2024:e2313753. [PMID: 38403869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the heat flow at a nanometer scale are challenging, but important for fundamental science and applications. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provide perhaps the ultimate solution for meeting these challenges. While there have been reports of low thermal conductivities (several mW m-1 K-1 ) across the 2D heterostructures, phonon-dominant thermal transport remains strong due to the nearly-ideal contact between the layers. Here, this work experimentally explores the heat transport mechanisms by increasing the interlayer distance from perfect contact to a few nanometers and demonstrates that the phonon-dominated thermal conductivity across the WS2 /graphene interface decreases further with the increasing interlayer distance until the air-dominated thermal conductivity increases again. This work finds that the resulting tradeoff of the two heat conduction mechanisms leads to the existence of a minimum thermal conductivity at 2.11 nm of 1.41 × 10-5 W m-1 K-1 , which is two thousandths of the smallest value reported previously. This work provides an effective methodology for engineering thermal insulation structures and understanding heat transport at the ultimate small scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongzhuo Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cun-Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
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149
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Mohapatra A, Poudyal S, Ramachandra Rao MS, Jaiswal M. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of twisted interfaces in turbostratic multilayer graphene. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:205703. [PMID: 38346342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Turbostratic multilayer graphene presents a unique system with a large number of twisted interfaces with variable twist angles. In this work, we have systematically studied the laser excitation energy dependence of the Raman modes of turbostratic graphene. The combination of 4 different laser energies is shown to be important to reveal the twist angles ranging from 5∘to 30∘present at the same lateral position of the sample. Rotational or R-modes and D-like modes are observed, which directly arise from additional momentum transfer from the potential of corresponding superlattices. Trends in their dispersion and intensity are discussed. The resonant window for laser excitation indicates lowered positions of the van Hove singularities. Furthermore, an anomalous broadening factor of 0.17-0.265 eV is estimated for the resonance window when compared to the literature on isolated twisted bilayer graphene. Interestingly, a weak dependence of the R-modes on the laser wavelength is also observed. Finally, the dispersion of the 2D modes is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohapatra
- Graphene and 2D Systems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre and Materials Science Research Centre, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Poudyal
- 2D Materials Research and Innovation Group, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M S Ramachandra Rao
- Nano Functional Materials Technology Centre and Materials Science Research Centre, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Manu Jaiswal
- Graphene and 2D Systems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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150
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Dangombe MS, Oladepo SA. Investigation of solute-solvent interactions of 4'-alkyl-4-cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals using Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 312:124067. [PMID: 38422937 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal materials possess hybrid liquid and solid-like properties with high response to stimuli. The 4'-alkyl-4-cyanobiphenyls (nCB) are an important class of liquid crystals that are widely used for various applications. In this study, six alkylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal samples (5CB to 10CB) were examined using Raman spectroscopy in a total of twelve solvents of various polarities. The distinctive bands contributed by the LC sample are from C≡N stretch, C-C aromatic ring breathing, C-C biphenyl linking stretch, and C-H in-plane deformation. These modes are found to be responsive to different solvent environments by shifting positions. For instance, the cyano stretching mode of 5CB is blue-shifted from 2229 cm-1 for the pure sample to 2233 cm-1 when measured in hexane due to the repulsive interaction between the mode and the solvent bath. On the other hand, this mode undergoes a red-shift to 2220 cm-1 in methanol due to hydrogen bond interaction between the mode and solvent molecules. Overall, the shift in the position of the vibrational modes of nCB molecules was correlated with solvent properties such as acceptor number, donor number, and Kamlet-Taft dipolarity constants, which are a measure of solvent polarity. In samples with longer alkyl chains (8CB, 9CB, and 10CB), the wavenumber of the stretching modes was generally shifted to around the same position in all the solvents. Such observations are related to the folding back effect and enhanced dimerization constant with an increase in the chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa S Dangombe
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials (IRC-AM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulayman A Oladepo
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials (IRC-AM), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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