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Mallawarachchi CH, Dissanayake MM, Hendavitharana SR, Senanayake S, Gunathilaka N, Chandrasena NTGA, Yahathugoda TC, Wickramasinghe S, de Silva NR. Ocular Trematodiasis in Children, Sri Lanka. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:809-813. [PMID: 36958007 PMCID: PMC10045692 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Using histopathology and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 gene, we found >2 distinct trematode species that caused ocular trematode infections in children in Sri Lanka. Collaborations between clinicians and parasitologists and community awareness of water-related contamination hazards will promote diagnosis, control, and prevention of ocular trematode infections.
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Edirisinghe ST, Devmini T, Pathmaperuma S, Weerasekera M, De Silva K, Liyanage I, Niluka M, Madushika K, Deegodagamage S, Wijesundara C, Rich A, De Silva H, Hussaini H, De Silva DK, Yasawardena S. Risk Assessment of Alcohol Consumption for Oral Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Patients Attending the National Cancer Institute (Apeksha Hospital, Maharagama) of Sri Lanka. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1181-1185. [PMID: 37116139 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.4.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the use of alcohol, its duration and consuming pattern in relation to the risk of developing OSCC in patients attending the National Cancer Institute of Sri Lanka. METHODS A case-control study was carried out on 105 patients with a histologically confirmed primary OSCC and 210 age-sex matched controls. Information on alcohol consumption was obtained via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Participants who had consumed alcohol at some point in their life had a 3.8-fold risk of developing OSCC (p=0.000). Current consumers had a higher risk compared to who have consumed previously. Former consumers had a lower risk of developing OSCC compared to current consumers. Individuals who had consumed alcohol for more than 20 years had a greater risk [Odds ratio (OR)=4.69] of developing OSCC compared to those who had consumed alcohol for less than ten years (OR=3.25). Those who consumed the locally-made illicit liquor (Kasippu) had the greatest risk (OR=8.45; p<0.05) of developing OSCC when considering the type of alcohol consumed. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption is a risk factor for OSCC. The OSCC risk increased with longer duration of alcohol use, the consumption of locally-made illicit liquor and current consumers of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith Tilal Edirisinghe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Thisara Devmini
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Shanaka Pathmaperuma
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanishka De Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Indunil Liyanage
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Malith Niluka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Kasuni Madushika
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sandeepani Deegodagamage
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Chanuka Wijesundara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Alison Rich
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Harsha De Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Haizal Hussaini
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Surangi Yasawardena
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Rohanachandra YM, Dahanayake DMA, Chandradasa M. What is stopping Early Career Psychiatrists (ECPs) from doing research in Sri Lanka? Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103466. [PMID: 36657342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Maheshi Rohanachandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Miyuru Chandradasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Annasihena Road, Thalagolla, Ragama 11010, Sri Lanka.
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Wijesekera S, Alagiyawanna L, Peiris V, Silva DC, Rupasinghe T, Balawardena J, Skandarajah T, Jeyakumaran N, Gunasekera D, Bandusena M, Joseph N. Outcomes of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer in Sri Lanka: A retrospective survival analysis. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S294-S299. [PMID: 37148006 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_817_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Esophageal carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer among males and sixth most common cancer among females in Sri Lanka. Gastric cancer is less common, but its incidence is gradually rising. We conducted a retrospective analysis of survival of esophageal and gastric cancer patients treated at National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka. Methodology Patients with esophageal and gastric cancer treated in three selected oncology units of the National Cancer Institute, Maharagama during 2015 and 2016 were included in the study. Data on clinical and pathological factors were extracted from clinical records. Overall survival (OS), defined as time to death or loss to follow-up, was the primary endpoint. Univariate and multivariate analyses of survival were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard model, respectively. Results The study population comprised 374 patients with a median age of 62 years (interquartile range 55-70). Majority (64%) were male and had squamous cell carcinoma (58%). In the sample, 20% were gastric cancers, while 71% were esophageal cancers, and 9% had gastro-esophageal junction tumors. The 2-year OS was 19% in patients treated with curative intent (95% confidence interval [CI] 14-26 months) with those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by radical surgery having the highest survival (P < 0.001, hazard ratio 0.25 [95% CI 0.11-0.56]). Median OS was 2 months (95% CI 1-2 months) in patients treated with palliative intent. Conclusion Our results suggest that the outcome of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer is poor in Sri Lanka. Early detection and greater utilization of multimodality treatment could improve outcomes of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidath Wijesekera
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Lanka Alagiyawanna
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Vimukthini Peiris
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Tiromi Rupasinghe
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayantha Balawardena
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa; Department of Clinical Oncology, General Sir John Kotalawela Defence University Hospital, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Thurairajah Skandarajah
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Nadarajah Jeyakumaran
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Dehan Gunasekera
- Department of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute; Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Minoli Bandusena
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Batticaloa; Department of Surgical Oncology, Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuradh Joseph
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists; Department of Clinical Oncology, Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
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105
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Alagiyawanna L, Wijesekera S, Peiris V, Rupasinghe T, Chathuranga D, Balawardena J, Gunasekera D, Jeyakumaran N, Skandarajah T, Joseph N. Lung Cancer Survival in Sri Lanka. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:173-178. [PMID: 37969683 PMCID: PMC10635770 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuradh JosephIntroduction Lung cancer is the second commonest cancer among males in Sri Lanka. Real-world survival data are scarce, and we conducted a retrospective survival analysis among patients treated for lung cancer. Methods All patients with primary lung cancer treated at three selected units during 2015-2016 were included in the study. Data on clinicopathological and treatment delivered were extracted from clinic records. Overall survival was considered the primary end-point. Results The study population comprised 349 patients. The median age was 61 years and majority of patients (74%) were males. Adenocarcinoma (56%) was the commonest histological subtype, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (26%), whereas 6% of patients had small cell lung cancer. Only 10% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer were treated with curative intent, whereas 67% presented with systemic metastases. The median overall survival was 12 months in patients treated with curative intent and there was no significant difference between radical surgery and radiotherapy. The median overall survival was 3 months in those treated palliatively. On multivariate analysis, female gender and first-line treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors was associated with superior survival. Conclusion More than 90% of lung cancer patients in Sri Lanka are treated with palliative intent. Further work is needed to identify patient and care pathway barriers to ensure diagnosis at an earlier stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanka Alagiyawanna
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Sidath Wijesekera
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Vimukthini Peiris
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, General Hospital, Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Tiromi Rupasinghe
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Damitha Chathuranga
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayantha Balawardena
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, General Sir John Kotalawela Defence University Hospital, Werahera, Sri Lanka
| | - Dehan Gunasekera
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Nadarajah Jeyakumaran
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Thurairajah Skandarajah
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuradh Joseph
- Sri Lanka Cancer Research Group, Sri Lanka College of Oncologists, Maharagama, Sri Lanka
- Deparment of Clinical Oncology, Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
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Abhayaratna HC, Ariyasinghe DI, Ginige P, Chandradasa M, Hansika KS, Fernando A, Wijetunge S, Dassanayake TL. Psychometric properties of the Sinhala version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham rating scale (SNAP-IV) Parent Form in healthy children and children with ADHD. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103542. [PMID: 36963301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to translate and adapt the Parent Form of the MTA Version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham ADHD/ODD rating scale (SNAP-IV) into Sinhala and examine its psychometric properties. METHOD The MTA version of the SNAP-IV was translated into the Sinhala language by adhering to the WHO translation and adaptational process. The final Sinhala SNAP-IV (S-SNAP-IV) was administered to parents of 412 healthy children and adolescents (age: 6-18 years), and 272 children and adolescents with ADHD (age: 4-19 years). Internal consistency and factor structure of the S-SNAP-IV were determined in each sample. RESULTS Conforming to that of the original English version, the S-SNAP-IV showed a three-factor structure (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder) in each sample, except for three item deviations (10,11, and 13) in the healthy sample. The S-SNAP-IV showed excellent internal consistency in the total sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97), healthy sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90), and the clinical sample (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). The S-SNAP-IV also showed good discriminative validity: Only 1.5% of the healthy sample exceeded the cut-off scores in any domain, whereas all newly diagnosed, unmedicated children were S-SNAP-IV positive in at least one domain. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the three-factor model fits the S-SNAP-IV, and it clearly distinguishes children with ADHD from non-ADHD children. We conclude that the S-SNAP-IV possesses satisfactory psychometric properties-consistent with the MTA English version and its translations into other languages-making it a reliable and valid instrument for screening children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pabasari Ginige
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Miyuru Chandradasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka; Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Tharaka L Dassanayake
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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107
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Priyadarshanie MN, Waas DA, Goonewardena S, Senaratna CV, Fernando S. Association of antenatal anxiety disorders with antenatal comorbidities and adverse pregnancy outcomes among clinic attendees at a tertiary-care hospital in Sri Lanka. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13900. [PMID: 36915536 PMCID: PMC10006716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Evidence on the association between antenatal anxiety disorders (AADs) and adverse pregnancy outcomes with detection of AADs using the gold-standard is scarce despite being vital to make decisions on interventions. We aimed to determine this association in women attending tertiary-care antenatal clinics in Sri Lanka. Material and methods Presence/absence of AADs in a systematic random sample of 221 antenatal women attending routine antenatal clinics of a teaching hospital who participated in a questionnaire-validation study were confirmed by a psychiatrist. These women were followed up until the end of pregnancy. Information on antenatal comorbidities, adverse pregnancy outcomes was extracted from health records. The association between AADs with antenatal comorbidities and adverse pregnancy outcomes were reported using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) generated from logistic regression models. Results Mean (±SD) age of the women was 30 (±5.8) years. AADs were diagnosed in 81 (37%) women. Compared to women without AADs, those who had AADs were more at risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 6.1; 95% CI 1.2-31.9), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 12.6; 95% CI 1.5-107.2), preterm labour (OR 4.3; 95% CI 1.4-13.0), prolonged labour (OR 19.0; 95% CI 7.1-51.1), lower segment caesarean section (OR 4.7; 95% CI 2.5-8.7) and low birthweight (OR 11.2; 95% CI 4.8-26.3). All miscarriages, stillbirths and assisted labour occurred exclusively in those with AADs. Conclusions AADs are strongly associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Causal pathways and effect of interventions for AADs must be explored in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nirmala Priyadarshanie
- Department of Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Rathmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Dulshika A Waas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sampatha Goonewardena
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamara V Senaratna
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sharaine Fernando
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
PURPOSE South Asians face a high burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We systematically summarized current research on the efficacy, cultural relevance, and research gaps of nutrition interventions that could be used for treatment in this population. FINDINGS We identified 18 articles published since 2010. Dietary pattern interventions have focused on low-glycemic index (GI) solutions and consistently reported improvement in glycemic management. Trials of nutrition education and counselling had diverse approaches, with those utilizing more intensive interventions generally eliciting better glycemic outcomes. Many studies developed interventions with cultural relevance by including traditional foods, providing materials in the local language, and acknowledging important food-related customs. These adaptations were seen in South Asian countries as well as Western countries hosting immigrants. Data from South Asian countries support low-GI and intensive counselling approaches for the treatment of T2D. Given the high prevalence of T2D in these populous countries, approaches that can reach large numbers of people are needed. In Western countries, more emphasis on providing culturally relevant nutrition therapy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatheema B. Subhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California Polytechnic State University at Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
| | - Dineli N. Fernando
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7 Canada
| | | | - Catherine B. Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science & Department of Physiology, 4-126A Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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Liyanagunawardena S. Wrangling for health: Moving beyond 'tinkering' to struggling against the odds. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115725. [PMID: 36716695 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article proposes and outlines a new metaphor - 'wrangling for health'- to think about the health seeking efforts occurring within the complex and exhausting everyday realities of resource-poor communities. It draws on fieldwork carried out in a rural community in Sri Lanka (in 2019) with the aim of generating data on the therapeutic practices and health seeking activities of 20 households in the face of everyday ill-health matters. For people in such resource-poor communities, achieving a 'good' health outcome(s) means a constant and ongoing struggle against the challenges of a low-income household, inhospitable healthcare settings and a diverse therapeutic landscape. Based on my findings, I present four key trends in this struggle: a) negotiating the costs and economies of healthcare, b) seeking treatment only as a desperate measure, c) navigating the diverse therapeutic alternatives and d) circumventing the system. These give a glimpse into the ongoing and painstaking efforts by which people creatively mobilise and manipulate whatever resources accessible to them, balance the pros and cons of potential outcome(s) and persevere courageously against adverse circumstances. As such, the struggle for health mirrors their ongoing struggle to 'tie it up together' or wrangle it in everyday life ("jeewithaya gatagaha-gannava"). Wrangling for health - in its sense of struggling against the odds - is therefore proposed as a metaphor for health engagements that challenge the notion of 'tinkering' (Mol, 2008; Mol et al., 2015) so as to depict more accurately the broad range of health seeking efforts that occur within the diverse healthcare landscapes around the world.
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Wickramarachchi B, Torabi MR, Perera B. Effects of Physical Activity on Physical Fitness and Functional Ability in Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231158476. [PMID: 36860700 PMCID: PMC9969476 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231158476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was done to investigate the pathways the physical activity acts in improving physical fitness and functional outcomes of older adults (60 years and above) using 880 community-dwelling older adults in Sri Lanka. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. The final SEM model included five latent factors and 14 co-variances. Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative fit index (CFI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) values of the model were 0.95, 0.93, 0.91, and 0.05 respectively, indicating a good model fit. Strength enhances balance (β = .52, p < .01) and reduces the time required to complete physical functions (β = -.65, p < .01). Since strength declines with advancing age, muscle-strengthening activity programs should be promoted to enhance balance and functional performances in older adults in advanced ages. Strength test (hand grip and leg strength) can be used as a screening test to predict potential risk of falls and functional disabilities in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimba Wickramarachchi
- University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri
Lanka,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota
Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Bilesha Perera
- University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri
Lanka,Bilesha Perera, Department of Community
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, P.O.Box 70, Galle 80000,
Sri Lanka.
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Jayarajah U, Jayasinghe R, Fernando A, Seneviratne S. The incidence and trends of laryngeal malignancies in Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2019: a Joinpoint analysis of the national cancer database. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:3. [PMID: 36809602 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laryngeal cancer is the ninth commonest cancer among Asian males. Global and regional epidemiological analyses have shown varying patterns in the incidence and risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the trends in the incidence and histological patterns of laryngeal cancers for the first time in Sri Lanka. METHODS We used the population-based Sri Lanka cancer registry data and pooled all newly diagnosed patients with laryngeal malignancies from 2001 to 2019 (a 19-year study period). The WHO age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) were calculated using the WHO standard pollution. We used the Joinpoint regression software to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and analysed the trends in the incidence by different age categories and sex. RESULTS From 2001 to 2019, 9808 new cases of laryngeal cancers (males = 8927, 91%, mean age = 62 years) were registered. The incidence of laryngeal cancers was greatest in the 70-74-year followed by 65-69-year age groups. Around 7.9% were reported as carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS). Squamous cell carcinoma (90.1%) was the commonest documented histology type. A rise in the WHO-ASR was noted from 1.91 per 100,000 in 2001 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.69-2.12] to 3.59 per 100,000 in 2017 [(95% CI: 3.34-3.84); EAPC: 4.4 (95% CI: 3.7-5.2), p < 0.05 for trend] followed by a decrease in the incidence [2.97 per 100,000 in 2019 (95% CI: 2.74-3.2), EAPC: - 7.2 (95% CI: - 21.1-9.1, p > 0.05)]. From 2001 to 2017, the proportional increase in incidence was greater in males than females [EAPC: 4.9 (95% CI: 4.1-5.7 vs. 3.7 (95% CI: 1.7-5.6)]. CONCLUSIONS We identified an increasing incidence of laryngeal cancer in Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2017 followed by a slight decrease. Further studies are essential to identify the aetiological factors. Development of laryngeal cancer prevention and screening programmes for high-risk populations may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Jayarajah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, , P.O. Box 271, Colombo 8, Western Province, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ravindri Jayasinghe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, , P.O. Box 271, Colombo 8, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashan Fernando
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, , P.O. Box 271, Colombo 8, Western Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Sanjeewa Seneviratne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, , P.O. Box 271, Colombo 8, Western Province, Sri Lanka
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Marecek J, Senadheera C. Gendered Antecedents and Consequences of Young Women's Suicidal Acts in Sri Lanka. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2885. [PMID: 36833580 PMCID: PMC9957307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the late 1990s, Sri Lanka had a record rate of suicide deaths. Since then, deaths have decreased dramatically due to the restriction of lethal agrochemicals. The number of nonfatal suicidal acts, however, remains extraordinarily high. A disproportionate number of these cases are adolescents and young adults-mainly girls and young women. This paper offers a close look at adolescent girls in rural Sri Lanka who had engaged in nonfatal suicidal acts. We carried out interviews with daughters and mothers while the girls were receiving medical care following a suicidal act. Drawing from these interviews, we describe the circumstances leading to girls' suicidal acts, the responses and moral judgments made by adult family members, and the reputational and social consequences of these acts. Few girls intended to die; none had previously undertaken a suicidal act, and none gave evidence of "mental illness". In many cases, girls' suicidal acts were triggered by acute family conflicts, often concerning situations that were seen to compromise the girl's sexual respectability and the honor of her family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Marecek
- Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - Chandanie Senadheera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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113
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Skuse D. Practising psychiatry in Sri Lanka: challenges and opportunities. BJPsych Int 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36812010 PMCID: PMC9909413 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2022.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This month's issue of BJPsych International focuses on psychiatry in Sri Lanka, with articles on suggested improvements in education and training, the country's outdated legislation regarding involuntary psychiatric treatment, and the misuse of prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Skuse
- Professor of Behavioural and Brain Sciences, Division of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. Email
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114
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Thilakarathne SS, Wijayawardhane N, Perera PK, Mallawa C, Rajakaruna RS. Filariasis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:461-469. [PMID: 36482010 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is the predominant emerging zoonotic filariasis in the world. The two most frequent filarial worms that infect dogs are Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis. This study reports filariasis among dogs brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) at the University of Peradeniya and signifies the first molecular characterization of D. repens, responsible for an emerging zoonotic filarial disease in Sri Lanka. Blood samples were collected and were morphologically analyzed using Modified Knott's Technique, followed by molecular analyses. The difference in filariasis prevalence among gender, breed, and age categories was analyzed using a chi-square test. Infection intensities were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test. The dogs were brought to the clinic for either vaccination and/or for a regular checkup, and most were sick having non-specific clinical signs. Among the 87 dogs tested, 27.6% were positive for Dirofilaria. Conventional PCR and bi-directional sequencing of genomic DNA of microscopically tested positive samples revealed that the species in Sri Lanka was D. repens. The infection was significantly higher in males (39.1%) than in females (14.6%; χ2 = 0.447, p = 0.011), though it is not significant between puppies (age < 1 year) and adult dogs. More crossbred dogs were infected compared to older and purebred dogs. There was no difference in intensity of infection based on their gender, age, or breed. Sequences obtained from the current study were unique and were only 63% identical to those of D. repens reported from South India. The high number of Dirofilaria infections in domestic dogs indicates a potential reservoir for emerging human dirofilariasis cases in Sri Lanka. Thus, morphological and molecular diagnosis, along with epidemiological assessment of these zoonoses, is critical for the formulation of effective public health programs and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandani S Thilakarathne
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Nayana Wijayawardhane
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Piyumali K Perera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Chandima Mallawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rupika S Rajakaruna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
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115
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Hapangama A, Mendis J, Kuruppuarachchi K. Why are we still living in the past? Sri Lanka needs urgent and timely reforms of its archaic mental health laws. BJPsych Int 2023; 20:4-6. [PMID: 36812028 PMCID: PMC9909436 DOI: 10.1192/bji.2022.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health legislation protects the rights of people with mental illnesses. However, despite major social, political and cultural changes, Sri Lankan mental health services still operate on laws enacted mostly during the British rule more than a century ago, in the pre-psychotropics era, and focusing more on the detention of people with mental illnesses than on their treatment. It is high time all stakeholders made efforts for the much-awaited new Mental Health Act to pass through parliament urgently to meet the needs and protect the rights of patients, their caregivers and service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruni Hapangama
- FRANZCP, Professor in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
| | - Jayan Mendis
- MDpsych, Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - K.A.L.A. Kuruppuarachchi
- FRCPsych, Cadre Chair and Senior Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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116
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Youhasan P, Lyndon MP, Chen Y, Henning MA. Implementation of a Web-Based Educational Intervention for Promoting Flipped Classroom Pedagogy: A Mixed-Methods Study. Med Sci Educ 2023; 33:91-106. [PMID: 37008440 PMCID: PMC10060460 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-022-01706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Flipped classroom pedagogy (FCP) is recognised as an effective and efficient teaching-learning method. However, nursing students and teachers may be hesitant to adopt FCP due to technophobia and time constraints linked to academic and clinical responsibilities. This necessitates the provision of promotional training for adopting FCP. However, there is a dearth of research regarding how the practice of FCP could be promoted and in demonstrating its efficacy in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to examine the educational impact of a web-based education intervention, branded as the Flipped Classroom Navigator (FCN), for promoting FCP in nursing education in Sri Lanka. Methods This mixed-methods study employed pre- and post-training knowledge tests, the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), the Perceived Transfer of Learning Questionnaire survey, and collected students' and teachers' open-ended responses to evaluate the impact of the FCN. Fifty-five undergraduate nursing students and 15 university teachers participated in the study from two state universities in Sri Lanka. Repeated-measures ANOVA, t-tests, Levene's test of homogeneity, Cohen's d, and an inductive thematic approach were employed in the data analysis. Results Post-training knowledge test scores were significantly higher than the pre-training knowledge test scores indicating improved understanding of FCP. Participants were also highly motivated to learn in the FCN instructional materials. Participants exhibited positive attitudes towards FCN training with transfer of learning to their teaching-learning practice. The inductive thematic analysis identified the following themes: user experiences, FCN learning content, behaviour changes, and suggested improvements. Conclusion Overall, the FCN enhanced both students' and teachers' knowledge and understanding of FCP in undergraduate nursing education. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01706-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punithalingam Youhasan
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Building 507, Level 2, Room 2001, 28 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
- Department of Medical Education & Research, Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
| | - Mataroria P. Lyndon
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Building 507, Level 2, Room 2001, 28 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
| | - Yan Chen
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Building 507, Level 2, Room 2001, 28 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
| | - Marcus A. Henning
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Building 507, Level 2, Room 2001, 28 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
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117
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Lall O, Bowatte G, Dharmaratne S, Lowe AJ, Vakalopoulos A, Ambrose I, Jayasinghe P, Yasaratne D, Heyworth J, Dharmage SC. Household use of biomass fuel, especially traditional stove is associated with childhood wheeze and eczema: a cross sectional study of rural communities in Kandy, Sri Lanka. J Asthma 2023; 60:235-243. [PMID: 35171741 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2043360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most households in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on biomass fuel for daily cooking. Studies investigating the association between early life exposure to household air pollution and health outcomes in children in LMICs are limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of biomass fuel for cooking and different types of stoves on wheeze and allergies in children of rural Sri Lankan communities. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 452 children aged 5 years and younger in Kandy, Sri Lanka. Mothers completed a questionnaire on the use of biomass fuel and respiratory and allergic outcomes in children. The associations between biomass fuel and outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Use of biomass fuel for cooking was associated with increased risk of childhood wheeze (aOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.04-5.08) and eczema (aOR 4.57; 95% CI 1.24-16.89) compared with households that used clean fuel (liquid petroleum gas (LPG), electricity and/or biogas). Among households that used biomass fuel, use of traditional biomass stoves was associated with a higher risk of childhood wheeze (aOR 2.95; 95% CI 1.19-7.33), allergic rhinitis (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.42-6.39), and eczema (aOR 7.39; 95% CI 1.70-32.06) compared with households that used clean stoves. CONCLUSION Children living in households that use biomass fuel, especially traditional biomass cookstoves, have a higher risk of wheeze and allergic diseases. Access to affordable clean energy sources that reduce air pollution may help improve the health of children in rural LMICs. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at www.tandfonline.com/ijas .
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lall
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Samath Dharmaratne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrian J Lowe
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia Vakalopoulos
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella Ambrose
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Duminda Yasaratne
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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118
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Wijerathna T, Gunathilaka N. Time series analysis of leishmaniasis incidence in Sri Lanka: evidence for humidity-associated fluctuations. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:275-284. [PMID: 36378349 PMCID: PMC9666979 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease of which the transmission is highly influenced by climatic factors, whereas the nature and magnitude differ between geographical regions. The effects of climatic variables on leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka are poorly investigated. The present study focused on time-series analysis of leishmaniasis cases reported from Sri Lanka with selected climatic variables. Variance stabilized time series of leishmaniasis patients of entire Sri Lanka and major districts from 2014 to 2018 was fitted to autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. All the possible models were generated by assigning different values for autoregression and moving average terms using a function written in R statistical program. The top ten models with the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) values were selected by writing another function. These models were further evaluated using RMSE and MAPE error parameters to select the optimal model for each area. Cross-autocorrelation analyses were performed to assess the associations between climate and the leishmaniasis incidence. Most associated lags of each variable were integrated into the optimal models to determine the true effects imposed. The optimal models varied depending on the area. SARIMA (0,1,1) (1,0,0)12 was optimal for the country level. All the forecasts were within the 95% confidence intervals. Humidity was the most notable factor associated with leishmaniasis, which could be attributed to the positive impacts on sand fly activity. Rainfall showed a negative impact probably as a result of flooding of sand fly larval habitats. The ARIMA-based models performed well for the prediction of leishmaniasis in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharaka Wijerathna
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Nayana Gunathilaka
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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119
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Reyal HP, Perera MN, Guruge D. Community Perceptions on Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Study From Sri Lanka. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:121-128. [PMID: 36721344 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231152949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although plenty of research is conducted to explore the causes of intimate partner violence (IPV), findings are inadequate about the community members' perceptions on IPV. This qualitative study was conducted in a health administrative area of Sri Lanka to explore IPV as perceived by community members in terms of what is IPV, what causes IPV, and what are the responses to prevent IPV. Five focus group discussions and 11 in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 women and eight men. Data were thematically analyzed, and a model on community perception of IPV was developed. It incorporated the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels of the existing ecological framework on causes of interpersonal violence. Perceived apparent and underlying determinants were operating directly and indirectly with complex interactions for the occurrence and continuation of IPV. Pathways of preventing or responding to IPV were identified. Findings on determinants can be incorporated into IPV interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizana Parween Reyal
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - Manuja Niranshi Perera
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Duminda Guruge
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
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120
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Nandasena WDKV, Brabyn L, Serrao-Neumann S. Monitoring invasive pines using remote sensing: a case study from Sri Lanka. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:347. [PMID: 36717471 PMCID: PMC9886589 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Production plantation forestry has many economic benefits but can also have negative environmental impacts such as the spreading of invasive pines to native forest habitats. Monitoring forest for the presence of invasive pines helps with the management of this issue. However, detection of vegetation change over a large time period is difficult due to changes in image quality and sensor types, and by the spectral similarity of evergreen species and frequent cloud cover in the study area. The costs of high-resolution images are also prohibitive for routine monitoring in resource-constrained countries. This research investigated the use of remote sensing to identify the spread of Pinus caribaea over a 21-year period (2000 to 2021) in Belihuloya, Sri Lanka, using Landsat images. It applied a range of techniques to produce cloud free images, extract vegetation features, and improve vegetation classification accuracy, followed by the use of Geographical Information System to spatially analyze the spread of invasive pines. The results showed most invading pines were found within 100 m of the pine plantations' borders where broadleaved forests and grasslands are vulnerable to invasion. However, the extent of invasive pine had an overall decline of 4 ha over the 21 years. The study confirmed that remote sensing combined with spatial analysis are effective tools for monitoring invasive pines in countries with limited resources. This study also provides information to conservationists and forest managers to conduct strategic planning for sustainable forest management and conservation in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D K V Nandasena
- Geography Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Lars Brabyn
- Geography Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Silvia Serrao-Neumann
- Environmental Planning Programme, School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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121
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Rajapakse T, Silva T, Hettiarachchi NM, Gunnell D, Metcalfe C, Spittal MJ, Knipe D. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns on Self-Poisoning and Suicide in Sri Lanka: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1833. [PMID: 36767200 PMCID: PMC9914278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from high-income countries suggests that the impact of COVID-19 on suicide and self-harm has been limited, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries is lacking. Using data from a hospital-based self-poisoning register (January 2019-December 2021) and data from national records (2016-2021) of suicide in Sri Lanka, we aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on both self-poisoning and suicide. We examined changes in admissions for self-poisoning and suicide using interrupted time series (ITS) analysis. For the self-poisoning hospital admission ITS models, we defined the lockdown periods as follows: (i) pre-lockdown: 01/01/2019-19/03/2020; (ii) first lockdown: 20/03/2020-27/06/2020; (iii) post-first lockdown: 28/06/2020-11/05/2021; (iv) second lockdown: 12/05/2021-21/06/2021; and (v) post-second lockdown: 22/06/2021-31/12/2021. For suicide, we defined the intervention according to the pandemic period. We found that during lockdown periods, there was a reduction in hospital admissions for self-poisoning, with evidence that admission following self-poisoning remained lower during the pandemic than would be expected based on pre-pandemic trends. In contrast, there was no evidence that the rate of suicide in the pandemic period differed from that which would be expected. As the long-term socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic are realised, it will be important to track rates of self-harm and suicide in LMICs to inform prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Rajapakse
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Tharuka Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - David Gunnell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Duleeka Knipe
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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122
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Jayasinghearachchi HS, Muthugama TA, Masakorala J, Kulasekara US, Jayaratne K, Jayatunga DADN, De Silva AD, Corea EM. Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil and natural water bodies in rural Sri Lanka: A hidden threat to public health. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1045088. [PMID: 36733425 PMCID: PMC9888492 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1045088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of the potentially fatal infection, melioidosis. This study provides the first evidence for the presence of B. pseudomallei in soil and water in Sri Lanka. Targeted sampling of soil and natural water sources was done between November 2019 and October 2020 over eight field visits encompassing the neighborhood of 28 culture and/or antibody-positive melioidosis patients in northwestern, western and southern Sri Lanka. A total of eight environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei (BPs-env1 to BPs-env8) were cultured from 116 soil and 117 natural water samples collected from 72 locations. The presence of B. pseudomallei in soil and natural water in these areas poses a risk of melioidosis for populations cultivating crops in such soils and using untreated water from these sources for drinking, bathing, and other domestic purposes. Identifying sites positive for B. pseudomallei may help to mitigate risk by raising public awareness of contaminated environmental sources and allowing soil and water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali S. Jayasinghearachchi
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka,*Correspondence: Himali S. Jayasinghearachchi ✉
| | - Thilini A. Muthugama
- Biomedical Laboratory 2, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
| | - Jayanthi Masakorala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Upeksha S. Kulasekara
- Biomedical Laboratory 2, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
| | - Kumari Jayaratne
- Biomedical Laboratory 2, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
| | - D. A. Dasun N. Jayatunga
- Biomedical Laboratory 2, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna D. De Silva
- Biomedical Laboratory 2, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri Lanka
| | - Enoka M. Corea
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka,Enoka M. Corea ✉
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123
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Tissera H, Dheerasinghe DSAF, Malavige N, de Silva HA, Morrison AC, Scott TW, Reiner RC, Grieco JP, Achee NL. A cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a spatial repellent (Mosquito Shield™) against Aedes-borne virus infection among children ≥ 4-16 years of age in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka: study protocol (the AEGIS program). Trials 2023; 24:9. [PMID: 36600308 PMCID: PMC9811041 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial repellents (SRs) have been widely used for prevention of mosquito bites, but their efficacy in reducing Aedes-borne viruses (ABV) has not been tested rigorously at large scale in Asia. To address this knowledge gap, a trial to evaluate the efficacy of Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin SR, was developed in Gampaha District of Sri Lanka across three Medical Officer of Health areas; i.e., Negombo, Wattala, and Kelaniya. METHODS This trial is a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. A total of ~14,430 subjects aged ≥ 6 months in 30 clusters (15 intervention, 15 placebo) from ~3900 households (HH) will be randomly selected for enrolment into a "febrile surveillance cohort." A subset of the surveillance cohort, ~3570 subjects aged ≥4-16 years that test seronegative (naïve) or are serologically positive for a previous single dengue virus (DENV) infection (monotypic) at baseline sampling, will be enrolled into a "longitudinal cohort" for measuring DENV infection based on laboratory-confirmed seroconversion during the trial. Persons identified positive for antibodies against multiple DENV serotypes (multitypic) at baseline will be monitored for secondary analyses. Active ABV disease will be assessed using an enhanced passive surveillance system with case ascertainment performed in designated healthcare facilities. Serum samples will be taken from longitudinal cohort subjects within 1-2 weeks of when intervention is first deployed (T0) with additional samples taken ~12 (T1) and ~24 months (T2) from baseline sampling. DENV seroconversion and ABV active disease rates from baseline (pre-intervention) and follow-up (post-intervention) samples will be compared between intervention and placebo clusters. Participating houses will be monitored entomologically (indoor adult Aedes aegypti population densities and adult female blood fed status) within 3 months before intervention deployment and monthly during the intervention phase. Entomological surveys will monitor indoor adult Ae. aegypti population densities and blood fed status. Dengue incidence in each cohort will be estimated and compared to determine the public health benefit of using an SR. Entomological parameters will be measured to determine if there are entomological correlates of SR efficacy that may be useful for the evaluation of new SR products. DISCUSSION The trial will serve as an efficacy assessment of SR products in South Asia. Results will be submitted to the World Health Organization Vector Control Advisory Group for assessment of public health value towards an endorsement to recommend inclusion of SRs in ABV control programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registry SLCTR /2022/018. Registered on July 1, 2022. CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT05452447 . Registered on July 11, 2022. The Universal Trial Number is U1111-1275-3055.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Tissera
- grid.466905.8Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Neelika Malavige
- grid.267198.30000 0001 1091 4496Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - H. Asita de Silva
- grid.45202.310000 0000 8631 5388Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Thomas W. Scott
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684University of California Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- grid.34477.330000000122986657University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - John P. Grieco
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 243 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, 243 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
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Jayathilake S, Jayasuriya-Illesinghe V, Molligoda H, Samarasinghe K, Perera R. A review and comparison of post registration midwifery curriculum in Sri Lanka with global standards. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2023; 20:ijnes-2020-0129. [PMID: 37227831 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2020-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a study comparing the post-registration midwifery curriculum (PRMC) taught in Sri Lanka with the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) curriculum and five other selected curricula from other parts of the world to train midwifery trained registered nurses (MTRNs). In so doing, we consider the historical origins of post-registration midwifery training and its implications for modern teachings in Sri Lanka and other low-middle income countries (LMICs). Data collected through document review are read, summarized, and compared using checklists across different curricula components, content, and length. The wide variation in terms of length of the programs, content covered, the ratio of theoretical to practical content, and the range of skills and competencies developed has implications for the individual and professional growth of MTRNs. While there is a need to align the PRMC with the ICM standards to ensure safer maternity care in Sri Lanka, implications for developing and promoting the growth of midwifery as a strong independent body in LMIC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rasika Perera
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Pilapitiya S, Jayasinghe S, Silva A, Wickremasinghe R, Paranagama P, De Silva J, Lekamwasam S, Kularatne SAM, Wanigasuriya K, Kaluthota S, Sumathipala S, Rathnnasooriya C, Siribaddana S. Approach to Study the Efficacy and Safety of New Complementary and Alternative Medicine Formulations: Lesson during COVID-19 from Sri Lanka. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2023; 12:57-62. [PMID: 37843182 DOI: 10.4103/who-seajph.who-seajph_67_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected Sri Lanka from early 2020, a time of considerable ignorance accompanied by wide media coverage of a devastating epidemic in Italy and Europe. Many were attracted to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or traditional medicine (TM) in this desperate situation. Several preparations were claimed to be effective against COVID-19 globally. Dammika Bandara Syrup© was one such preparation promoted for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It was based on bees' honey, pericarp and mace of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), the seed of Foeniculum vulgare and fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale, all believed to have anti-viral properties. Following an unpublished clinical study claiming efficacy, Dammika Bandara Syrup© gained wide media publicity and political patronage. The producer claimed of Goddess Kali revealing the formula added an anthropological, cultural, and religious complexity to the issue. The demand for the product increased rapidly as a debate raged both in public and in the parliament on utilizing such products in combating COVID-19. The Department of Ayurveda, which is statutorily responsible for regulating CAM/TM had to respond to the situation. The legislation to regulate such indigenous medicinal products was weak, and the crisis deepened as thousands converged to the production facility, defying mobility restrictions introduced to control COVID-19. This led to the Ministry of Health requesting academics to form a team and conduct a clinical trial to prove its efficacy. This paper outlines the process and issues faced during the regulatory approval for the trial in a polarized political environment. Some health professionals accused the researchers of bowing to political pressure and questioned the scientific justification for the trial. However, the team considered this as an opportunity to streamline a path for research into CAM/TM therapies in situations such as COVID-19. Several processes were identified and addressed, such as the provisional registration of CAM preparations, assessing the potential efficacy of a CAM product, confirmation of authenticity and safety, standardization and supervision of production respecting cultural identities, obtaining approval for human use, choice of comparators, and ethical issues. We believe the study has helped set standards and a benchmark for CAM and TM research in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senaka Pilapitiya
- Department of Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Saroj Jayasinghe
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo; Department of Medicine, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjana Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Priyani Paranagama
- Department of Chemistry University of Kelaniya; Director, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Kelaniya, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Janaka De Silva
- Department of Medicine University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | | | - S A M Kularatne
- Department of Medicine University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Swarna Kaluthota
- Acting Director, Bandaranaike Memorial Ayurveda Research Institute, Nawinna, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chinthaka Rathnnasooriya
- Methsiri Sewana COVID-19 Tertiary Care Centre; Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
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Wickramasinghe ND, Ratnayake HE, Perera RA, Agampodi SB. Quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: evidence from a large population-based study in rural Sri Lanka. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:93-103. [PMID: 35964270 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Against the backdrop of the ever-increasing aging population in Sri Lanka and the scarcity of local evidence on quality of life (QoL) among rural elderly, this study was conducted to assess the QoL of the community-dwelling older adults in rural Sri Lanka. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among community-dwelling older adults (60-74 years) in a selected rural setting in Sri Lanka. K-means cluster analysis was used to stratify participants into 'low' and 'high' levels of QoL and then significant associations between these clusters and underlying socio-demographic and self-reported health related factors were estimated using bivariate and subsequent multivariable binary logistic regression models. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 3573 community-dwelling older adults (response rate 97.8%). The mean (SD) age of the sample was 66.7 (4.3) years and the majority were females (n = 2130, 59.6%). Amongst the six QoL domains assessed (physical, psychological, social, functional, environmental and spiritual domains), the highest and the lowest mean (SD) scores were reported for the functional [63.4 (16.9)] and the physical [52.9 (15.0)] domains, respectively. Aged 70 years or more, either unmarried/widowed/divorced, lower educational levels and having chronic illnesses were statistically significant associations of QoL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The QoL among community-dwelling older adults in rural Sri Lanka is moderate. As having social support, absence of chronic diseases and good education level were found to be associated with better QoL, strengthening community-based interventions to improve these aspects by incorporating the evidence generated by other longitudinal studies is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Rasika Amali Perera
- Ayurvedic Community Health Promotion Service, Thalawa, Anuradhapura, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Buddhika Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka
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Ratnayaka AAW, Serieys LEK, Hangawatte TA, Leung LKP, Fisher DO. Plastic ingestion by fishing cats suggests trophic transfer in urban wetlands. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120694. [PMID: 36402417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that plastic contamination in some terrestrial and freshwater environments is estimated to be greater than that detected in marine environments. Urban wetlands are prone to plastic pollution but levels of contamination in their wildlife are poorly quantified. We collected 276 fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) scat samples in Colombo, Sri Lanka for a dietary study of urban fishing cats. We used traditional dietary analysis methodology to investigate the contents of the scats by washing, isolating, and identifying prey remains; while sorting prey remains of individual scats, we unexpectedly detected macroscopic (>1 mm) plastic debris in six (2.17%) of the samples. Across all scat samples, we detected low occurrences of microplastics (0.72%), mesoplastics (1.09%) and macroplastics (1.45%). All three plastic types were found in scats containing rodent remains, while meso-, and macroplastics were found in scats with avian remains, and micro- and macroplastics in scats containing freshwater fish remains. Given that felids are obligate generalist carnivores that eat live or recently dead prey and do not consume garbage, our findings suggest that trophic transfer of plastics occurred whereby fishing cats consumed prey contaminated with plastic. Although macroscopic plastic detection was low, our findings suggest that accumulation of plastics is occurring in wetland food webs, and plastic pollution in freshwater terrestrial systems could pose a risk to predators that do not directly consume plastics but inhabit contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya A W Ratnayaka
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Small Cat Advocacy and Research, 381/14, Spring Hills Estate, Bowalawatta, Kandy, 20024, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Therangika A Hangawatte
- Small Cat Advocacy and Research, 381/14, Spring Hills Estate, Bowalawatta, Kandy, 20024, Sri Lanka; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Luke K P Leung
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Diana O Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Swarnamali H, Francis TV, Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Sri Lanka: A national level survey. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:3-11. [PMID: 36704496 PMCID: PMC9832912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is important to understand the factors associated with vaccination hesitancy for a given population for successful coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) immunization program. This survey aimed to examine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy and associated sociodemographic factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken by circulating through social media platforms. Survey questions included sociodemographics and vaccination acquisition-related questions. Results The study comprised a total of 3621 respondents. Over one-fifth of the unvaccinated population were identified as vaccine hesitancy group. Ethnicity and district indicated significant associations with vaccine hesitancy (P < 0.05). Indian Tamils (Odds Radio [OR] 2.222; 95%Confidence interval [CI], 1.150-4.294; P = 0.018), Sri Lankan Tamils (OR 1.714; 95% CI, 1.181-2.488; P = 0.005), and Sri Lankan Moors (OR 1.913; 95% CI, 1.316-2.781; P = 0.001) had significantly higher odds of vaccine hesitancy when compared to the Sinhalese. People in rural areas also had greater odds of vaccine hesitancy (OR 1.339; 95% CI, 1.000-1.793; P = 0.05) compared to municipal council areas. Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy was considerably high in this survey population. Our results emphasize the need of the Sri Lankan government taking appropriate efforts to establish a targeted COVID-19 vaccination campaign plan for rural and Colombo district residents. Attention should also be given to ethnic minority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasinthi Swarnamali
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Tormalli V. Francis
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Sampaio FL, Day JJ, Mendis Wickramasinghe LJ, Cyriac VP, Papadopoulou A, Brace S, Rajendran A, Simon-Nutbrown C, Flouris T, Kapli P, Ranga Vidanapathirana D, Kotharambath R, Kodandaramaiah U, Gower DJ. A near-complete species-level phylogeny of uropeltid snakes harnessing historical museum collections as a DNA source. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107651. [PMID: 36306995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Uropeltidae is a clade of small fossorial snakes (ca. 64 extant species) endemic to peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Uropeltid taxonomy has been confusing, and the status of some species has not been revised for over a century. Attempts to revise uropeltid systematics and undertake evolutionary studies have been hampered by incompletely sampled and incompletely resolved phylogenies. To address this issue, we take advantage of historical museum collections, including type specimens, and apply genome-wide shotgun (GWS) sequencing, along with recent field sampling (using Sanger sequencing) to establish a near-complete multilocus species-level phylogeny (ca. 87% complete at species level). This results in a phylogeny that supports the monophyly of all genera (if Brachyophidium is considered a junior synonym of Teretrurus), and provides a firm platform for future taxonomic revision. Sri Lankan uropeltids are probably monophyletic, indicating a single colonisation event of this island from Indian ancestors. However, the position of Rhinophis goweri (endemic to Eastern Ghats, southern India) is unclear and warrants further investigation, and evidence that it may nest within the Sri Lankan radiation indicates a possible recolonisation event. DNA sequence data and morphology suggest that currently recognised uropeltid species diversity is substantially underestimated. Our study highlights the benefits of integrating museum collections in molecular genetic analyses and their role in understanding the systematics and evolutionary history of understudied organismal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa L Sampaio
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Julia J Day
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Vivek P Cyriac
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 551, India
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Selina Brace
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Albert Rajendran
- Research Department of Zoology, St. John's College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Cornelia Simon-Nutbrown
- The Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4BA, UK; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomas Flouris
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paschalia Kapli
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ramachandran Kotharambath
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Ullasa Kodandaramaiah
- IISER-TVM Centre for Research and Education in Ecology and Evolution, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 551, India
| | - David J Gower
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
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Wijesinghe K, Jayarajah U, Gamage H, De Silva S, De Silva A. Breast cancer in lactating mothers: A case series of delayed diagnosis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 102:107856. [PMID: 36608634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Due to pregnancy related changes in the breast, a breast feeding mother as well as the health care professionals may attribute a change in the breast for lactation resulting in a delay in evaluation and diagnosis. We report a cases series of delayed diagnosis of breast cancer during lactation in three young patients from a developing country who had sought medical attention on time but was unfortunately diagnosed late. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report three breast feeding mothers aged 38-39 years presenting with breast lump and edema. All patients had an ultrasonography of breast performed at least once and the radiological findings were attributed to physiological changes initially despite non-resolving symptoms for 3-4 months. Triple assessment revealed invasive breast cancers of T4N1M0, T2N1M0, T3N2M1 staging. Two patients were treated with a curative intent and the patient with metastatic cancer was referred for palliative chemotherapy. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Lactational mastitis, breast abscesses, galactoceles, breast edema are benign conditions that are unique in lactation period, but it is important not to overlook that the lactating women may develop any of the other breast problems seen in the non-lactating female population. CONCLUSION Our case series represent very similar scenarios of delayed or missed diagnosis of breast cancer in young lactating women. A lactating patient should be referred to a specialist center and/or a complete assessment of the breast should be performed in case of any red flags findings to avoid missing a sinister diagnosis.
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131
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Menike C, Dassanayake R, Wickremasinghe R, Seneviwickrama M, De Alwis I, Abd El Wahed A, Ranasinghe S. Assessment of Risk of Exposure to Leishmania Parasites among Renal Disease Patients from a Renal Unit in a Sri Lankan Endemic Leishmaniasis Focus. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558887 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani causes both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (CL and VL) in Sri Lanka, where chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplant recipients' (KTR) geographical areas overlap. This study aimed to determine the risk of exposure to Leishmania infection among renal patients. This cross-sectional study in a renal unit assessed clinical symptoms and signs of CL and VL in recipients of blood/kidney or immunosuppressives. Sera were tested with Leishmania-specific DAT and rK-39 ELISA. There were 170 participants. A total of 84.1% (n = 143) were males (CKD: 101, KTR; 42, mean age 45) and 27 were females (females: CKD: 23, KTR: 4, mean age 39 years). Recipients of blood transfusion/s within last 2 years: 75.9% (CKD: 115, KTR: 14), on immunosuppressive therapy: 34.1% (CKD: 13, KTR: 45). Two CKD patients repeatedly showed clear positive titres (1: 12,800 and 1: 3200) with Leishmania-DAT and another two (CKD) became marginally positive with rK39-ELISA. Prevalence of anti-Leishmania antibodies: 2.4% (4/170). All four patients were clinically asymptomatic and were recipients of recent blood transfusions. Attributable risk of exposure to Leishmania infection through blood transfusions was 0.032, OR 2.99 (95% CI = 0.16 to 56.45, p = 0.47). Therefore, routine screening of kidney/blood donors and CKD and KTR patients in Sri Lanka may not be necessary.
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Sunil-Chandra NP, Fahlman Å, Waidyarathna S, Näslund J, Jayasundara MVML, Wesula LO, Bucht G. Evidence of orthohantavirus and leptospira infections in small mammals in an endemic area of Gampaha district in Sri Lanka. One Health Outlook 2022; 4:17. [PMID: 36514136 PMCID: PMC9749280 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthohantaviruses and leptospira are emerging zoonotic pathogens of high public health significance. The epidemiology of orthohantavirus infections and leptospirosis is similar and presents related clinical pictures in humans. However, a paucity of data on actual reservoir hosts for orthohantaviruses and leptospira exists. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the occurrence of orthohantaviruses and leptospira in small mammals captured in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. METHODS Rodents and shrews were morphologically and/or genetically identified using morphological keys and DNA barcoding techniques targeting the cytochrome oxidase b subunit gene (Cytb). Lung tissues and sera were subsequently analyzed for the presence of orthohantavirus RNA using qRT-PCR. Sera of rats were tested for IgG antibodies against orthohantaviruses and leptospira. RESULTS Forty-three (43) small mammals representing: Rattus (R.) rattus (black rat) or R. tanezumi (Asian rat), Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew), R. norvegicus (brown rat) and Mus musculus (house mouse) were investigated. No orthohantavirus RNA was detected from the lung tissue or serum samples of these animals. Elevated levels of IgG antibodies against Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) and/or Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) antigens were detected in sera of 28 (72%) out of the 39 rats analysed. Interestingly, 36 (92%) of the 39 rats also showed presence of anti leptospira-IgG antibodies in their serum, representing dual infection or dual exposure in 26/39 (66.7%) of examined rats. CONCLUSIONS This project targets important public health questions concerning the occupational risk of orthohantavirus infections and/or leptospirosis in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. Most rats (72%) in our study displayed antibodies reacting to orthohantavirus NP antigens, related to PUUV and/or SEOV. No correlation between the orthohantavirus and leptospira IgG antibody levels were noticed. Finally, a combination of both morphological and DNA barcoding approaches revealed that several species of rats may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of orthohantavirus and leptospira in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Sunil-Chandra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
- Sri Lanka Institute of Biotechnology, Homagama, Sri Lanka.
| | - Åsa Fahlman
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Department of Rural and Urban Development, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7016, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shantha Waidyarathna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Jonas Näslund
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M V M L Jayasundara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Lwande Olivia Wesula
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section for Virology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Bucht
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Section for Virology, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
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Gunasekera KD, Amarasiri WADL, Undugodage UCM, Silva HKMS, Sadikeen A, Gunasinghe W, Fernando A, Perera BPR, Wickremasinghe AR. Prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in Sri Lankan adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2330. [PMID: 36514064 PMCID: PMC9745992 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on adult asthma is scarce in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in adult Sri Lankans. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a translated version of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey screening questionnaire on subjects ≥ 18 years from 7 provinces in Sri Lanka was conducted. The asthma was defined as "wheezing in the past 12 months (current wheeze)", self-reported asthma attack in the past 12 months or on current asthma medication use. RESULTS Among 1872 subjects (45.1% males, 48.8% between 18-44 years of age), the prevalence of current wheeze was 23.9% (95%CI: 22.0%-25.9%), self-reported asthma was 11.8% (95%CI: 10.3%-13.2%) and current asthma medication use was 11.1% (95% CI: 9.6%-12.5%). The prevalences were higher in adults > 44 years, 31.4% positively responded to any of the above questions (95%CI: 29.3%-33.4%) and 60.9% of current wheezers did not report having asthma whilst 38.2% used asthma medication. Among current wheezers, 80.1% had at least one other symptom, cough being the commonest. Those with no current wheeze, self-reported asthma and on current asthma medication use, 30%, 35.9% and 36.6%, respectively, reported at least one other symptom. Smokers comprises 22% current wheezers, 20.6% of self-reported asthmatics and 18.7% of current asthma medication users. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma in Sri Lankan adults is higher than the other South Asian countries and higher in the older age group. A significant percentage of symptomatic individuals did not report having asthma or being on medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. A. D. L. Amarasiri
- grid.8065.b0000000121828067Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - U. C. M. Undugodage
- grid.267198.30000 0001 1091 4496Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - H. K. M. S. Silva
- grid.415398.20000 0004 0556 2133National Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka ,grid.415398.20000 0004 0556 2133National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
| | - A. Sadikeen
- grid.512965.c0000 0004 0635 2736Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila West, Sri Lanka
| | - W. Gunasinghe
- grid.415398.20000 0004 0556 2133National Hospital of Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | - A. Fernando
- grid.415398.20000 0004 0556 2133National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka
| | - B. P. R. Perera
- Department of Rogavijnana, Faculty of Indigenous Medicine, Gampaha Wickramarachchi University of Indigenous Medicine, Yakkala, Sri Lanka
| | - A. R. Wickremasinghe
- grid.45202.310000 0000 8631 5388Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Public Health, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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134
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Morel R, Maddumabandara K, Amarasinghe N, Amarangani S, Amarasinghe A, Gunathilaka M, Wathsala G, Bandara L, Wijesundara S, Gunaratne N, Waduge R, Medagama A. Strongyloidiasis infection in a borderline lepromatous leprosy patient with adrenocorticoid insufficiency undergoing corticosteroid treatment: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:458. [PMID: 36482424 PMCID: PMC9733215 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis mainly caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. It is endemic to the tropics and subtropics. Sri Lanka has a 0-1.6% prevalence rate. S. stercoralis infection was identified in a 33-year-old Sri Lankan male patient treated with corticosteroids for borderline lepromatous leprosy with adrenocortical dysfunction. CASE PRESENTATION In March 2020, a 33-year-old Sri Lankan (Sinhalese) male patient presented with watery diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and post-prandial abdominal fullness. Previously, he was diagnosed with borderline lepromatous leprosy and was treated with rifampicin, clofazimine, and prednisolone 60 mg daily since July 2019. After developing gastrointestinal symptoms, he had defaulted leprosy treatment including the prednisolone for 3 months. Duodenal biopsy revealed numerous intraepithelial nematodes within the lumina of glands in the duodenum whose appearance favored Strongyloides. Fecal wet smear revealed numerous Strongyloidis stercoralis L1 rhabditiform larvae. Larval tracks were seen in the agar plate culture. L3 filariform larvae of Strongyloidis stercoralis were seen in the Harada-Mori culture. In addition, the short synacthen test revealed adrenocortical insufficiency, and oral hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone were started with albendazole treatment against strongyloidiasis. Fecal wet smear and culture repeated after treatment with albendazole were negative for Strongyloidis stercoralis. The patient was discharged in July 2020 on oral hydrocortisone. One month later his condition was reviewed and the repeated fecal wet smear and agar plate culture was normal. He is being followed up every 3 months. CONCLUSION This is the first case of strongyloidiasis diagnosed in a patient with borderline lepromatous leprosy from Sri Lanka. The patient manifested symptoms of strongyloidiasis while on high-dose steroid therapy for his lepromatous reaction. Subsequently, the patient not only discontinued his steroid therapy, but also developed adrenocortical insufficiency as a complication of leprosy. Therefore, although diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was delayed, his subsequent low steroid levels probably protected him from disseminated disease. This is an interesting case where symptomatic strongyloidiasis was diagnosed in a patient who was initially treated with high-dose steroids but subsequently developed adrenocortical insufficiency. We emphasize the need to screen all patients prior to the commencement of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumala Morel
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Kusala Maddumabandara
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Nisansala Amarasinghe
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sujeewa Amarangani
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjalie Amarasinghe
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Mihiri Gunathilaka
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Gayani Wathsala
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmalee Bandara
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sunil Wijesundara
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilupuli Gunaratne
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Roshitha Waduge
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Arjuna Medagama
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Perera K, Ziajahromi S, Bengtson Nash S, Manage PM, Leusch FDL. Airborne Microplastics in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Developing Country in South Asia: Abundance, Distribution, Morphology, and Possible Sources. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16676-16685. [PMID: 36441558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microplastics (AMPs) have been reported in indoor and outdoor air in high-income countries and are expected to be a significant contributor to daily microplastic (MP) exposure for human beings. To date, there are only a handful of studies in lower-middle-income countries. In this study, AMPs from 5000 to 50 μm were sampled across selected areas of Sri Lanka using an active sampling technique. Suspected AMPs were further characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. MP concentrations were higher indoors compared to outdoor air (0.13-0.93, compared to 0.00-0.23 particles/m3, respectively). The types of indoor MPs were related to indoor-generating sources, and the occupant's lifestyles. The highest outdoor MP abundance was found near an industrial zone, followed by urban and inland locations in high-density areas. The dominant size range of MPs was 100-300 μm, and the only shapes observed indoors and outdoors were fibers (98%) and fragments. Polyethylene terephthalate was the most prominent MP type, followed by polyester, indicating that textile fibers could be the major source of these AMPs. This study provides the first report on AMPs in Sri Lanka. Considering population growth and industrialization, further research should evaluate possible trends and health risks upon inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushani Perera
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Shima Ziajahromi
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Pathmalal M Manage
- Centre for Water Quality and Algae Research, Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport Qld 4222, Australia
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136
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Irangani L, Prasanna IR, Gunarathne SP, Shanthapriya SH, Wickramasinghe ND, Agampodi SB, Agampodi TC. Social determinants of health pave the path to maternal deaths in rural Sri Lanka: reflections from social autopsies. Reprod Health 2022; 19:221. [PMID: 36471339 PMCID: PMC9724344 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-022-01527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ending preventable maternal deaths remains a challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Society perceived causes and real-life observations can reveal the intangible causes of maternal deaths irrespective of formal maternal death investigations. This study reports complex patterns in which social determinants act towards paving the path to maternal deaths in a rural Sri Lankan setting. METHODS We conducted social autopsies for 15/18 maternal deaths (in two consecutive years during the past decade) in district A (pseudonymized). In-depth interviews of 43 respondents and observations were recorded in the same field sites. During thematic analysis, identified themes were further classified according to the World Health Organization framework for social determinants of health (SDH). The patterns between themes and clustering of social determinants based on the type of maternal deaths were analyzed using mixed methods. RESULTS Discernable social causes underpinned 12 out of 15 maternal deaths. Extreme poverty, low educational level, gender inequity, and elementary or below-level occupations of the husband were the characteristic structural determinants of most deceased families. Social isolation was the commonest leading cause manifesting as a reason for many other social factors and resulted in poor social support paving the path to most maternal deaths. A core set of poverty, social isolation, and poor social support acted together with alcohol usage, and violence leading to suicides. These core determinants mediating through neglected self-health care led to delay in health-seeking. Deficits in quality of care and neglect were noted at health institutions and the field. CONCLUSION Social autopsies of maternal deaths revealed complex social issues and social determinants of health leading to maternal deaths in Sri Lanka, indicating the need for a socially sensitive health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasandha Irangani
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Humanities, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, 50300 Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Ruwan Prasanna
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, 50300 Sri Lanka
| | - Sajaan Praveena Gunarathne
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Sandaru Hasaranga Shanthapriya
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Buddhika Agampodi
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Chanchala Agampodi
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
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137
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Pathirathna ML, Dematawewa CMB, Sekijima K, Sadakata M, Muramatsu Y, Fujiwara N. Impact of solid fuel usage on respiratory symptoms among reproductive aged women: a cross-sectional study in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2255. [PMID: 36463153 PMCID: PMC9719257 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, around 3 billion people rely on solid fuel for their daily energy needs. Household air pollution secondary to solid fuel burning is a major risk factor for respiratory mobility among vulnerable populations. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory symptoms associated with solid fuel usage, the level of kitchen fuel smoke exposure and its association with respiratory symptoms among reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka, where most households exclusively use firewood as the primary cooking fuel. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 reproductive-aged women (15 to 49 years) in the Central Province, Sri Lanka. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data, and an exposure assessment was done using a breath carbon monoxide monitor. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors by the logistic regression models, the odds ratios (OR) of the liquid petroleum gas-only users for at least one respiratory symptom relevant to cough (OR: 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-0.78), wheezing (OR: 0.47; 95% [CI]: 0.26-0.87), and dyspnea (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.24-0.84) were significantly lower compared to firewood-only users. The mean of expired air carbon monoxide and estimated carboxyhemoglobin levels of liquid petroleum gas-only users (2.84 ± 2.85 ppm; 1.08 ± 0.46%) were significantly lower than those of firewood-only users (5.27 ± 4.64 ppm; 1.47 ± 0.74%). CONCLUSIONS The use of firewood increased the risk of respiratory symptoms among reproductive-aged women in Sri Lanka. Health education focused on positive behavioral changes and effective and efficient clean energy policies are recommended to mitigate the risk associated with solid fuel smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malshani Lakshika Pathirathna
- grid.11139.3b0000 0000 9816 8637Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400 Sri Lanka
| | | | - Kayako Sekijima
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Mieko Sadakata
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Muramatsu
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
| | - Naoshi Fujiwara
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746, Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata, 951-8518 Japan
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138
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Wedasingha S, Silva A, Siribaddana S, Seneviratne K, Isbister GK. Comparison of bedside clotting tests for detecting venom-induced consumption coagulopathy following Sri Lankan viper envenoming. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:1328-1335. [PMID: 36322690 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2128816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whole blood clotting test (WBCT) is commonly used for diagnosing venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in resource-poor settings. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the WBCT and capillary blood clotting test (CBCT) for detecting VICC in viper envenoming in Sri Lanka. METHODS All confirmed snakebites admitted to Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura from July 2020 to June 2021 were included. On admission, WBCTs after 15, 20 and 25 min observation times (WBCT-15, WBCT-20 and WBCT-25) and CBCT observed in 30 s intervals (CBCT-t), 5 and 10 min CBCT (CBCT-5 and CBCT-10) were done. Blood was collected simultaneously for prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) and plasma fibrinogen. We defined VICC as an INR >1.5 (Incomplete VICC = INR>1.5 and complete VICC = ≥3.0). RESULTS A total of 272 confirmed snakebites (Russell's viper[76], hump-nosed viper[89], non-venomous snakes[51] and unidentified bites[56]) were recruited (median age: 42 y [interquartile range: 30- 53 y]; 189 males [69%]). On admission, 82 (30%) had incomplete VICC (INR >1.5 and <3) and 77 (28%) had complete VICC (INR ≥3). Sixteen (6%) developed clinically apparent bleeding. The WBCT-15 had the best sensitivity of 47% for detecting VICC and 68% for complete VICC. The sensitivities of the WBCT-20, WBCT-25, CBCT-5 and CBCT-10 was 30-35%. The sensitivities of all tests were better in detecting complete VICC, VICC in Russell's viper bites and more than 2 h post-bite. The WBCT-15 test had a sensitivity of 76% for VICC in confirmed Russell's viper bites. For detection of VICC, CBCT-t had an an excellent sensitivity of 97%, but a poor specificity of 35% for an optimal cut-off of >6.25 min. CONCLUSION WBCTs are poorly diagnostic for VICC in Russell's viper and hump-nosed viper envenoming, missing up to two-thirds of patients for some tests. The WBCT-15 was the best test, improving for more severe VICC and greater than 2 h post-bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supun Wedasingha
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.,South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Anjana Silva
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.,South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Geoffrey K Isbister
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.,Clinical Toxicology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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139
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Rohanachandra YM. Impact of economic crisis on child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): Experience from Sri Lanka. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 78:103288. [PMID: 36215876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasodha Maheshi Rohanachandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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140
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Wickramasinghe A, Gamage M, Torabi MR, Perera B. Impact of perceived social support and physical fitness on quality of life of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults in Sri Lanka. Dialogues Health 2022; 1:100079. [PMID: 38515873 PMCID: PMC10953875 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and aim Quality of life (QoL) in old age contributes to enhance active aging. This study aimed to assess and compare QoL and associated factors of institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults (aged 60+ years) in Southern Sri Lanka. Methods A total of 160 older adults (80 institutionalized and 80 non-institutionalized) were surveyed. Physical and cognitive skills were measured using Barthel index, and Mini Mental State Examination scales. Nutritional status and perceived social support were measured using Mini Nutritional Assessment and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression techniques were used in the analysis. Results The mean age of the institutionalized older adults was higher than that of non-institutionalized older adults (74.9 years versus 72.1 years, p < 0.01). About half of the sample consisted of older men (48.8%). Economically under privileged older adults who were unmarried were more likely to become institutionalized. The mean value of the QoL score was higher in non-institutionalized older adults compared to that of institutionalized older adults (63.1 (SD = 21.9) versus 49.1 (SD = 25.6), p < 0.05). Activities of daily living (ẞ=-0.46, p < 0.01) and perceived social support (ẞ=-0.20, p < 0.05) were found to be significant determinants of QoL of institutionalized older adults while activities of daily living (ẞ=-0.28, p < 0.05) and nutritional status (ẞ=-0.27, p < 0.05) were found to be significant determinants of QoL of non-institutionalized older adults. Cognitive impairments was not a significant determinant of QoL in both institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults. Conclusions Promotion of physically active life style especially among young older adults to maintain their independence as they age and improvements of social support and social connectedness among older adults would be practical and cost-effective strategies to promote active aging in Sri Lankan older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Madushika Gamage
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohammad R. Torabi
- School of Public Health – Bloomington, Indiana University, IN 47405, USA
| | - Bilesha Perera
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
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141
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Kinkade C, Russpatrick S, Potter R, Saebo J, Sloan M, Odongo G, Singh T, Gallagher K. Extending and Strengthening Routine DHIS2 Surveillance Systems for COVID-19 Responses in Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, and Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:S42-S48. [PMID: 36502427 DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.220711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic challenged countries to protect their populations from this emerging disease. One aspect of that challenge was to rapidly modify national surveillance systems or create new systems that would effectively detect new cases of COVID-19. Fifty-five countries leveraged past investments in District Health Information Software version 2 (DHIS2) to quickly adapt their national public health surveillance systems for COVID-19 case reporting and response activities. We provide background on DHIS2 and describe case studies from Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, and Uganda to illustrate how the DHIS2 platform, its community of practice, long-term capacity building, and local autonomy enabled countries to establish an effective COVID-19 response. With these case studies, we provide valuable insights and recommendations for strategies that can be used for national electronic disease surveillance platforms to detect new and emerging pathogens and respond to public health emergencies.
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142
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Surendran SN, Kesavan L, Jayadas TTP, Sivabalakrishnan K, Tharsan A, Liyanagedara N, Eswaramohan T, Raveendran S, Singh OP, Ramasamy R. Morphological and odorant-binding protein 1 gene intron 1 sequence variations in Anopheles stephensi from Jaffna city in northern Sri Lanka. Med Vet Entomol 2022; 36:496-502. [PMID: 35838413 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three Anopheles stephensi biotypes have historically been differentiated through variations in the mode numbers of egg ridges and adult spiracular indices. Anopheles stephensi odorant-binding protein 1 gene (AsteObp1) sequences in Iran and Afghanistan have been recently interpreted to suggest that the three biotypes are sibling species. AsteObp1 intron 1 sequences, mode numbers of egg ridges and spiracular indices of An. stephensi in Jaffna city in Sri Lanka were therefore investigated in field-collected mosquitoes and short-term laboratory colonies established from them. AsteObp1 intron 1 sequences revealed the region to be polymorphic with four unique sequences, ASJF1-4, present in both short-term laboratory colonies and field-collected An. stephensi. The spiracular index did not relate to the mode number of egg ridges in Jaffna An. stephensi. The results suggested that numbers of egg ridges, spiracular indices and AsteObp1 intron 1 sequences were not useful for differentiating An. stephensi biotypes in Jaffna. It is proposed that the observed differences between An. stephensi mosquitoes in Jaffna now result from normal population variance in the context of rapidly changing bionomics in India and northern Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laxshi Kesavan
- Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Om P Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan Ramasamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
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143
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Jayasinghe S. Letter from Sri Lanka. Respirology 2022; 27:1091-1092. [PMID: 36250308 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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144
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Dhanapriyanka M, Kanthi RDFC, Jayasekara P, Ha DH. Tobacco chewing and associated factors among a vulnerable youth population in Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2209. [PMID: 36443802 PMCID: PMC9706888 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco in any form kills millions of people every year. Tobacco addiction among youth shows an increasing trend while smokeless type is becoming more common. This study aimed to describe the lifestyle of chewing smokeless tobacco among a group of high-risk youth population in Sri Lanka. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 1431 youths aged between 15 to 24 years residing in urban slums in Colombo Sri Lanka, using a cluster sampling technique combined with probability proportionate to size technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Chewing smokeless tobacco was assessed using betel quid chewing and commercially prepared tobacco and areca nut packet chewing. Current chewer was defined as who had the practice of chewing during past 30 days. RESULTS The mean age of the study sample was 17.53 (95% CI: 17.40-17.65). Of the 1431 respondents, 57% were males and 43% were females. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco chewers was 44.9% and among them 90.8% were males and 9.8% were females. Around 31.3% did not have smokeless tobacco chewing practice (Male-5.9%, Female-64.9%). Among the current smokeless tobacco chewers 21.5% chew both types of smokeless tobacco products and all of them were males. Male gender (OR 17.9; 11.4 -27.9) and ever smoking lifestyle (OR 4.4; 2.9-6.6) were significant determinants of current smokeless tobacco chewing lifestyle. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The study shows a high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by youth aged between 15 to 24 years who were residing in urban slum areas in the district of Colombo, in Sri Lanka, highlighting this target group for early intervention to reduce the uptake and promote the quitting of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diep Hong Ha
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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145
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Daluwatta A, Peiris D, Fletcher K, Ludlow C, Murray G. Can Sri Lankan Australians Recognise Depression? The Influence of Acculturation, Age and Experiences with Depression on Recognition. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14839. [PMID: 36429558 PMCID: PMC9690748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy is an important determinant of mental health help-seeking and is associated with improved mental health. There is evidence that mental health literacy may be lower amongst some migrant communities in Australia. The present study conducted the first cross-sectional survey of mental health literacy in Sri Lankan Australians between April and October 2020. Participants (N = 404) were presented with a culturally-tailored vignette describing an individual with symptoms of major depressive disorder, with correct recognition determined by the coding of an open text response to the question 'what's wrong with Mr Silva?'. Binomial linear regression modelling was conducted to identify predictors of the correct recognition of depression. Approximately 74% of participants recognised the presented symptoms as depression, though multiple other labels were also used by the respondents. The results also suggested that younger age and having a prior diagnosis of depression were significant predictors of recognising depression in the vignette. In the first study of Sri Lankan migrants' mental health literacy in an Australian context, the rates of depression recognition were comparable to those found in the general Australian population. Further research is urgently required to replicate and extend the present findings and ultimately support the development of tailored interventions aimed at improving mental health literacy across the diverse Sri Lankan Australian community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Daluwatta
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Dushan Peiris
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Kathryn Fletcher
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Chris Ludlow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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146
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Shoib S, Rathnayake L, Badawy MM, Swed S, Saeed F, Chandradasa M. International collaboration to address the inevitable mental health burden in Sri Lanka in the context of the economic crisis. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 77:103277. [PMID: 36202001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
| | | | - Marwa M Badawy
- Faculty of Medicine, October Sixth University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Fahimeh Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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147
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Bandara P, Knipe D, Munasinghe S, Rajapakse T, Page A. Socioeconomic and Geographic Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence in Sri Lanka: Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP20569-NP20601. [PMID: 34854795 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211055146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue and violation of human rights. The prevalence of IPV in South Asia is especially pronounced. We examined the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP), geographical factors and IPV in Sri Lanka using nationally representative data. Data collected from Sri Lanka's 2016 Demographic and Health Survey were analysed using multilevel logistic regression techniques. A total of 16,390 eligible ever-partnered women aged 15-49 years were included in the analysis. Analyses were also stratified by ethnicity, type of violence, neighbourhood poverty and post-conflict residential status for selected variables. No schooling/primary educational attainment among women (OR 2.46 95% CI 1.83-3.30) and their partners (OR 2.87 95% CI 2.06-4.00), financial insecurity (OR 2.17 95% CI 1.92-2.45) and poor household wealth (OR 2.64 95% CI 2.22-3.13) were the socioeconomic factors that showed the strongest association with any IPV, after adjusting for age and religion. These associations predominately related to physical and/or sexual violence, with weak associations for psychological violence. Women living in a post-conflict environment had a higher risk (OR 2.96 95% CI 2.51-3.49) of IPV compared to other areas. Ethnic minority women (Tamil and Moor) were more likely to reside in post-conflict areas and experience poverty more acutely compared to the majority Sinhala women, which may explain the stronger associations for low SEP, post-conflict residence and IPV found among Tamil and Moor women. Policies and programs to alleviate poverty, as well as community mobilisation and school-based education programs addressing harmful gender norms may be beneficial. Trauma informed approaches are needed in post-conflict settings. Further exploratory studies investigating the complex interplay of individual, household and contextual factors occurring in this setting is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumee Bandara
- Translational Health Research Institute, 371448Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, 54692University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Duleeka Knipe
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, 54692University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, 152331University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sithum Munasinghe
- Translational Health Research Institute, 371448Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Thilini Rajapakse
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration, 54692University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 54692University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, 371448Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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148
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Wedasingha S, Sarathchandra C, Weerawansa P, Rathnasekara T, Karunarathna S, Isbister GK, Silva A. Kounis syndrome following an anaphylactic reaction to antivenom in a patient with Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) bite: A case report. Toxicon 2022; 218:66-69. [PMID: 36113684 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kounis syndrome is the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome associated with mast cell and platelet activation in the setting of allergic or anaphylactic insults. Kounis syndrome has been previously reported following snake envenoming rarely, with or without antivenom therapy. We report a case of inferolateral ST elevation myocardial infarction 32 hours from a confirmed Russell's viper bite. He also had an anaphylactic reaction soon after antivenom. The absence of underlying atheromatous coronary artery disease during subsequent cardiac imaging was suggestive of a diagnosis of a type I variant of Kounis syndrome. Chest pain completely resolved by day 6 following initiation of standard treatment for acute coronary syndrome. Concurrence of allergic features and acute coronary syndrome in a snakebite patient following antivenom therapy should alert clinicians to the possibility of Kounis syndrome, which should be diagnosed with a high degree of clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supun Wedasingha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka
| | - Chamara Sarathchandra
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasanna Weerawansa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Geoffrey K Isbister
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anjana Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
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149
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Goswami P, Wickrama-Arachchige AUK, Yamada M, Ohura T, Guruge KS. Presence of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Milk Powder and the Consequence to Human Health. Toxics 2022; 10:621. [PMID: 36287903 PMCID: PMC9611289 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of the presence of halogenated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human foods of animal origin, such as chlorinated (ClPAHs) and brominated (BrPAHs) PAHs, suggest that their contamination in dairy products may also pose a human health risk. This study used GC/Orbitrap-MS to analyze 75 congeners of halogenated PAHs and parent PAHs in milk and creaming powder samples commonly found in grocery stores in Sri Lanka and Japan. Our investigation revealed a total of 31 halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) in the samples. The concentrations of total parent PAHs in the samples from Sri Lanka and Japan ranged from not detected (n.d.)−0.13 and <0.001−16 ng/g dry weight (d.w.). Total ClPAHs and BrPAHs in the samples ranged from 0.01−3.35 and 1.20−5.15 ng/g (d.w.) for Sri Lanka, and 0.04−2.54 and n.d.−2.03 ng/g d.w. for Japan, respectively. The ClPAHs were dominated by chlorinated-pyrene, -fluoranthene, and -benzo[a]pyrene congeners, whereas the BrPAHs were dominated by brominated-naphthalene and -pyrene congeners. The toxic assessment estimated based on the intake of toxic equivalency quotients (TEQs) for target compounds in milk powders revealed that HPAHs might contribute additively to the PAHs-associated health risk to humans, indicating that more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Goswami
- Atal Centre for Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Port Blair 744103, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | | | - Momoka Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Keerthi S. Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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150
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Bandaranayaka KO, Dissanayake UI, Rajakaruna RS. Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Dog Tick Species in Sri Lanka and the Life Cycle of Brown Dog Tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus Under Laboratory Conditions. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1708-1718. [PMID: 36217073 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined the diversity and distribution of tick species infesting domestic dogs and the life cycle parameters of the dominant dog tick species. METHODS An island-wide, cross-sectional survey of tick species infesting domestic dogs was carried out, and the life cycle of the most commonly occurring dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was studied under laboratory conditions. RESULTS A total of 3026 ticks were collected from 1219 dogs in all 25 districts. Eight species in five genera were identified: R. sanguineus (63.4%), R. haemaphysaloides (22.0%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (12.5%), Haemaphysalis intermedia (0.9%), Haemaphysalis turturis (0.6%), Amblyomma integrum (0.4%), Dermacentor auratus (0.2%) and Hyalomma sp (0.1%). R. sanguineus was the dominant species in the Dry and Wet zones, while R. haemaphysaloides was the dominant species in the Intermediate Zone. Species diversity (Shannon diversity index H) was 1.135, 1.021and 0.849 in the Intermediate, Dry and Wet zones, respectively. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus was completed within 70-126 days, and all three stages successfully fed on New Zealand white rabbits under laboratory conditions. The Reproductive Efficiency Index (REI) and Reproductive Fitness Index (RFI) were 50.8 ± 9.69 and 9.1 ± 5.01, respectively. Larger females had higher reproductive success. CONCLUSIONS Of the eight species infesting domestic dogs in Sri Lanka, R. sanguineaus was the most frequently occurring tick species. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus was successfully completed within an average of 98 days on New Zealand white rabbits. The number of eggs laid, duration of the pre-oviposition period, incubation period and parasitic periods of all three life stages were lower than in previous records.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Bandaranayaka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka
| | - U I Dissanayake
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R S Rajakaruna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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