[The life and works of Li Shouxian, a medical doctor in the Qing Dynasty]

Li Shouxian, styled as Shanshu, was a medical doctor in the Qing Dynasty. His work Zhenjiu Yixue (Easy Study of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) has numerous versions, with the most refined one being the self-engraved edition from the third year of Jiaqing's reign, housed in the Jilin Province Library. While most content of the book was drawn from Zhenjiu Dacheng (Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Li's condensation and arrangement of the material achieved the purpose of making it simple and easy to learn. The book has been widely spread and holds certain academic and historical value. This paper makes a textual research on Li's life, family, and his works, clarifies the content, structure and origin of the version of Zhenjiu Yixue and corrects errors in the version records of this book in the General Catalogue of Chinese Ancient Medical Books.

A multidimensional analysis of ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein in human tumors

ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein (ZWINT), an essential part of the kinetochore complex, plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability by correcting improper attachments between the kinetochore and microtubules. An initial analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases revealed that ZWINT is significantly expressed across a diverse range of tumor types. We subsequently investigated the influence of ZWINT on clinical outcomes and potential signaling pathways. A multidimensional analysis of ZWINT revealed significant statistical associations between ZWINT expression and clinical outcomes, as well as the E2F1 oncogenic signature. Experimental validation confirmed the increased expression of ZWINT in both pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Furthermore, our findings indicate that ZWINT promotes the proliferation of PANC-1 cells through cell cycle regulation. This comprehensive analysis of ZWINT suggests a strong correlation between its expression and various types of tumors, especially pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), indicating its potential oncogenic role. These findings enhance our understanding of the function of ZWINT in carcinogenesis.

Machine Learning Model to Extract Malnutrition Data from Nursing Notes

Malnutrition is a severe health problem that is prevalent in older people residing in residential aged care facilities. Recent advancements in machine learning have made it possible to extract key insight from electronic health records. To date, few researchers applied these techniques to classify nursing notes automatically. Therefore, we propose a model based on ClinicalBioBert to identify malnutrition notes. We evaluated our approach with two mainstream approaches. Our approach had the highest F1-score of 0.90.

Extracting Symptoms of Agitation in Dementia from Free-Text Nursing Notes Using Advanced Natural Language Processing

Nursing staff record observations about older people under their care in free-text nursing notes. These notes contain older people's care needs, disease symptoms, frequency of symptom occurrence, nursing actions, etc. Therefore, it is vital to develop a technique to uncover important data from these notes. This study developed and evaluated a deep learning and transfer learning-based named entity recognition (NER) model for extracting symptoms of agitation in dementia from the nursing notes. We employed a Clinical BioBERT model for word embedding. Then we applied bidirectional long-short-term memory (BiLSTM) and conditional random field (CRF) models for NER on nursing notes from Australian residential aged care facilities. The proposed NER model achieves satisfactory performance in extracting symptoms of agitation in dementia with a 75% F1 score and 78% accuracy. We will further develop machine learning models to recommend the optimal nursing actions to manage agitation.

Developing an ontology of non-pharmacological treatment for emotional and mood disturbances in dementia

Emotional and mood disturbances are common in people with dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions are beneficial for managing these disturbances. However, effectively applying these interventions, particularly in the person-centred approach, is a complex and knowledge-intensive task. Healthcare professionals need the assistance of tools to obtain all relevant information that is often buried in a vast amount of clinical data to form a holistic understanding of the person for successfully applying non-pharmacological interventions. A machine-readable knowledge model, e.g., ontology, can codify the research evidence to underpin these tools. For the first time, this study aims to develop an ontology entitled Dementia-Related Emotional And Mood Disturbance Non-Pharmacological Treatment Ontology (DREAMDNPTO). DREAMDNPTO consists of 1258 unique classes (concepts) and 70 object properties that represent relationships between these classes. It meets the requirements and quality standards for biomedical ontology. As DREAMDNPTO provides a computerisable semantic representation of knowledge specific to non-pharmacological treatment for emotional and mood disturbances in dementia, it will facilitate the application of machine learning to this particular and important health domain of emotional and mood disturbance management for people with dementia.

Low-Cyclic Reversed Loading Tests on Full-Scale Precast Concrete Composite Wall Connected by Tooth Groove and Grouted Sleeve

In this paper, a novel precast concrete composite wall connected by tooth groove and grouted sleeve was introduced, which is produced in factories by means of structure-insulation integrated prefabrication, and the prefabrication and assembly process were presented minutely. To verify the feasibility and reliability of this novel tooth groove and grouted sleeve connection method and explore the joint connection performance and the seismic performance of the precast concrete composite wall connected by tooth groove and grouted sleeve, low-cyclic reversed loading tests with an axial compressive ratio of 0.1 were performed on two full-scale precast concrete composite walls. Moreover, the failure mode, hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, stiffness degradation, displacement ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and reinforcement strain were comprehensively discussed. The research results showed that under the vertical axial load and low-cyclic reversed load, the distributed reinforcements in the wall panel only played a structural role, while the connecting reinforcements at horizontal joints can always effectively transfer stress without bond failure, and the tooth groove and grouted sleeve connection performance was reliable. In addition, the hysteretic curves of the precast concrete composite wall connected by tooth groove and grouted sleeve were full, showing good ductile deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity. In general, the precast concrete composite wall connected by tooth groove and grouted sleeve not only possessed favorable seismic performance but also showed obvious advantages such as green energy saving, high assembly rate, and less on-site wet operation, which can be applied to practical engineering under reasonable design.

Causal effects from inflammatory bowel disease on liver function and disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background

Accumulating evidence has shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have liver function abnormalities and are susceptible to liver diseases. However, the existence of a causal relationship between IBD and liver function or disease remains unclear.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genetic associations from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These associations encompass ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), liver function traits, and liver disease phenotypes. The liver function traits comprised hepatic biochemistries, percent liver fat, and liver iron content from the UK Biobank. Furthermore, the liver disease phenotypes included cholelithiasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in cohorts of European ancestry. The primary estimation used the inverse-variance weighted method, with GWAS of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the UK Biobank serving as a positive control outcome.

Results

Genetically predicted UC is causally associated with decreased levels of albumin (ALB) and liver iron content, while genetically predicted CD is causally associated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, genetically predicted UC or CD increases the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC. Neither UC nor CD causally increases the risk of cholelithiasis and NAFLD.

Conclusion

UC affects the levels of ALB and liver iron content, while CD affects the levels of ALP. Both UC and CD increase the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC.

High-Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Double Boron-Oxygen-Embedded Benzo[m]tetraphene Emitters

Ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications in healthcare, industry, and agriculture; however, their development has been hindered by the shortage of robust UV emitters. Herein, we embedded double boron-oxygen units into nonlinear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BO-PAHs) to regulate their molecular configurations and excited-state properties, enabling novel bent BO-biphenyl (BO-bPh) and helical BO-naphthyl (BO-Nap) emitters with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics. They could be facilely synthesized in gram-scale amounts via a highly efficient two-step route. BO-bPh and BO-Nap showed strong UV and violet-blue photoluminescence in toluene with full width at half-maximum values of 25 and 37 nm, along with quantum efficiencies of 98 and 99%, respectively. A BO-bPh-based OLED showed high color purity UV electroluminescence peaking at 394 nm with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.166, 0.021). Moreover, the device demonstrated a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, achieved by successful hot exciton utilization. This work demonstrates the promising potential of double BO-PAHs as robust emitters for future UV OLEDs.

Hollow cubic ternary PdCuB nanocage electrocatalysts with greatly enhanced catalytic performance for formic acid oxidation

The prepared PdCuB Ngs/C catalysts exhibited outstanding catalytic activity and stability in the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR). The improvement in electrocatalytic performance is due to the introduction of Cu and B atoms and the hollow nanocage structure, which changes the electronic structures of Pd, increases the reactive sites, and accelerates the reaction mass transfer rates.

The biology and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, NOS

EBV positive Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (EBV+DLBCL-NOS) referred to DLBCL with expression of EBV encoded RNA in tumor nucleus. EBV+DLBCL-NOS patients present with more advanced clinical stages and frequent extranodal involvement. Although rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy regimens can significantly improve outcomes in patients with EBV+DLBCL, the best first-line treatment needs to be further explored. Due to the relatively low incidence and regional variation of EBV+DLBCL-NOS, knowledge about this particular subtype of lymphoma remains limited. Some signaling pathways was abnormally activated in EBV+DLBCL-NOS, including NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways) and other signal transduction pathways. In addition, immune processes such as interferon response, antigen-presenting system and immune checkpoint molecule abnormalities were also observed. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy and novel targeted therapeutic drugs are expected to improve the prognosis of EBV+DLBCL-NOS patients, but more studies are needed to confirm this.

Hierarchical covalent organic framework hollow nanofibers-bonded stainless steel fiber for efficient solid phase microextraction

The solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique has been widely applied in the detection of trace compounds in food, environment, and medicine due to its advantages of easy quantification, simple operation, and greenness. Herein, a templating strategy with SiO2 nanofibers (SiO2 NFs) is reported to synthesize hierarchical covalent organic framework hollow nanofibers (COF HNFs)-coated stainless steel fiber for SPME application with dramatically enhanced enrichment performance for trace analytes. The construction of hierarchical porosity inside the microextraction coatings can not only increase the specific surface area of COF extraction materials for obtaining more abundant adsorption sites but also greatly improve the accessibility of internal COF micropores. Moreover, the thicknesses of the microextraction COF coatings can be facilely tailored by adjusting the amount of SiO2 NFs pre-assembled on the SPME fibers. On the headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of antimicrobial residues, the developed COF TpBD-Me2 HNFs-12 fibers achieve enrichment factors of 2026 and 1823 for thymol and carvacrol respectively, which are significantly higher than those obtained from the counterpart COF TpBD-Me2-bonded fiber (8.5-8.2 times) and commercial CAR/PDMS fiber (3.3-4.4 times). Furthermore, the developed method was demonstrated to have wide linearity (0.1-50 μg L-1), low limits of detection (0.010 μg L-1), good thermal stability and excellent reusability (>60 recycles), demonstrating great application potential in the extraction of trace organic pollutants. The strategy developed in this work is applicable to preparing a variety of topological COF (e.g., TpBD, TpPa-1) HNFs-bonded fibers.

Exploring the relationship between metabolism and immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma based on metabolic pathways

BACKGROUND

Metabolic remodeling and changes in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in osteosarcoma are important factors affecting prognosis and treatment. However, the relationship between metabolism and TIME needs to be further explored.

METHODS

RNA-Seq data and clinical information of 84 patients with osteosarcoma from the TARGET database and an independent cohort from the GEO database were included in this study. The activity of seven metabolic super-pathways and immune infiltration levels were inferred in osteosarcoma patients. Metabolism-related genes (MRGs) were identified and different metabolic clusters and MRG-related gene clusters were identified using unsupervised clustering. Then the TIME differences between the different clusters were compared. In addition, an MRGs-based risk model was constructed and the role of a key risk gene, ST3GAL4, in osteosarcoma cells was explored using molecular biological experiments.

RESULTS

This study revealed four key metabolic pathways in osteosarcoma, with vitamin and cofactor metabolism being the most relevant to prognosis and to TIME. Two metabolic pathway-related clusters (C1 and C2) were identified, with some differences in immune activating cell infiltration between the two clusters, and C2 was more likely to respond to two chemotherapeutic agents than C1. Three MRG-related gene clusters (GC1-3) were also identified, with significant differences in prognosis among the three clusters. GC2 and GC3 had higher immune cell infiltration than GC1. GC3 is most likely to respond to immune checkpoint blockade and to three commonly used clinical drugs. A metabolism-related risk model was developed and validated. The risk model has strong prognostic predictive power and the low-risk group has a higher level of immune infiltration than the high-risk group. Knockdown of ST3GAL4 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibited the M2 polarization of macrophages.

CONCLUSION

The metabolism of vitamins and cofactors is an important prognostic regulator of TIME in osteosarcoma, MRG-related gene clusters can well reflect changes in osteosarcoma TIME and predict chemotherapy and immunotherapy response. The metabolism-related risk model may serve as a useful prognostic predictor. ST3GAL4 plays a critical role in the progression, glycolysis, and TIME of osteosarcoma cells.

Research Progress of Non-Noble Metal Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Methanation

The extensive utilization of fossil fuels has led to a rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, resulting in various environmental issues. To reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate CO2 emissions, it is important to explore alternative methods of utilizing CO2 and H2 as raw materials to obtain high-value-added chemicals or fuels. One such method is CO2 methanation, which converts CO2 and H2 into methane (CH4), a valuable fuel and raw material for other chemicals. However, CO2 methanation faces challenges in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. The reaction rate, CO2 conversion, and CH4 yield need to be improved to make the process more efficient. To overcome these challenges, the development of suitable catalysts is essential. Non-noble metal catalysts have gained significant attention due to their high catalytic activity and relatively low cost. In this paper, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2 methanation reaction are discussed. The focus is primarily on reviewing Ni-based, Co-based, and other commonly used catalysts such as Fe-based. The effects of catalyst supports, preparation methods, and promoters on the catalytic performance of the methanation reaction are highlighted. Additionally, the paper summarizes the impact of reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, space velocity, and H2/CO2 ratio on the catalyst performance. The mechanism of CO2 methanation is also summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the process. The objective of this paper is to deepen the understanding of non-noble metal catalysts in CO2 methanation reactions and provide insights for improving catalyst performance. By addressing the limitations of CO2 methanation and exploring the factors influencing catalyst effectiveness, researchers can develop more efficient and cost-effective catalysts for this reaction.

Solitary sacral osteochondroma growing into the spinal canal: Case report and review of the literature

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign bone tumors, mainly involving the bone ends of long bones, and involving the spine is rare. It often involves the competing, followed by the thoracic and lumbar spine, and rarely involves the sacrum. We report the imaging findings of a solitary osteochondroma of the sacrum. The patient was a 37-year-old woman who presented clinically with progressive low back pain associated with left buttock pain and discomfort. CT and MRI showed that the lesion originated from the left lamina of S1 and grew anteriorly and superiorly, resulting in compressive resorption of the L5 vertebral bone, left foraminal stenosis and adjacent nerve root swelling. The patient underwent surgery and the mass was completely excised and recovered well postoperatively. Osteochondroma arising from the sacrum is rare and can lead to compressive resorption of adjacent bone, and imaging techniques are conducive to the localization and characterization of the lesion and provide useful information for clinical treatment.

M2 macrophage-derived exosomes induce angiogenesis and increase skin flap survival through HIF1AN/HIF-1α/VEGFA control

BACKGROUND

Skin flap transplantation is a routine strategy in plastic and reconstructive surgery for skin-soft tissue defects. Recent research has shown that M2 macrophages have the potential for pro-angiogenesis during tissue healing.

METHODS

In our research, we extracted the exosomes from M2 macrophages(M2-exo) and applied the exosomes in the model of skin flap transplantation. The flap survival area was measured, and the choke vessels were assessed by morphological observation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Immunohistochemistry were applied to assess the neovascularization. The effect of M2-exo on the function of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was also investigated. We also administrated 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2, an inhibitor of HIF-1α) to explore the underlying mechanism. We tested the effects of M2-Exo on the proliferation of HUVECs through CCK8 assay and EdU staining assay.

RESULTS

The survival area and number of micro-vessels in the skin flaps were increased in the M2-exo group. Besides, the dilation rate of choke vessels was also enhanced in the M2-exo group. Additionally, compared with the control group, M2-exo could accelerate the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors, HIF-1α and VEGFA, were overexpressed with the treatment of the M2-exo. The expression of HIF1AN protein level was decreased in the M2-exo group. Finally, treatment with HIF-1α inhibitor reverses the pro-survival effect of M2-exo on skin flaps by interfering with the HIF1AN/HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

This study showed that M2-exosomes promote skin flap survival by enhancing angiogenesis, with HIF1AN/HIF-1α/VEGFA playing a crucial role in this process.

Mulch from lignocellulose as agricultural plastic alternative for sustained-release of photosensitive pesticide

Extensively used agricultural mulch fabricated from nonbiodegradable polyolefin plastic causes tremendous environmental pollution. In this work, a paper-based mulch, composed of the cellulose fiber networks incorporated with Emamectin benzoate (EB)@sodium lignosulfonate (SL), has been developed with facile papermaking/coating methods. The spherical microcapsule loaded with pesticide EB has a desirable core-shell structure for better protection and sustained release of photosensitive EB. The loading rate and encapsulation efficiency reached 78.5 % and 52.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, microcapsules exhibited excellent slow-release behavior and resistance to photolysis. Natural carnauba wax was coated on the surface of the paper-based mulch to form a hydrophobic layer and increase the physical intertwinement of fibers in the mulch, thereby exhibiting superior performance, such as enhanced tensile strength, excellent hydrophobicity, high air permeability, and high light transmittance at reasonable level. Moreover, unlike conventional polyethylene mulch film, the functionalized paper-based mulch almost completely biodegraded after 75 days in the soil. Thus, multifunctional, eco-friendly mulch from lignocellulose is an innovative approach to obtaining the sustained release of agrochemicals, and it provides an excellent alternative to conventional agricultural plastic mulch.

Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery

This Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDSs in the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs. We stress that this article is not meant to be a fully comprehensive review but rather an up-to-date snapshot of different areas of research, with a minimal number of references that focus upon the very latest research developments.

Identification of PIK3R5 as a hub in septic myocardial injury and the cardioprotective effects of Psoralidin

BACKGROUND

Myocardial injury is a severe complication of sepsis, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Psoralidin (PSO), derived from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L., has garnered considerable attention due to its potent pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.

PURPOSE

Our previous work conducted affirmed that PSO has a protective effect on sepsis and septic myocardial injury, however the specific molecular mechanisms need further clarification.

STUDY DESIGN

This objective of this study was to use three analytic modalities and bioinformatics methods to identify potential targets, followed by experimental verification.

METHODS

A series of experiments methods (including echocardiography, HE, western blot, qPCR, RNA-seq, network pharmacology) were used to evaluate the effects of PSO against sepsis and septic myocardial injury in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-injured BALB/c mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injured HL-1 cardiomyocytes.

RESULTS

Firstly, a group of sepsis-related genes were identified by integrating database surveys, RNA-seq analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA). Subsequently, the pharmacological targets of PSO were predicted. Furthermore, the identification of phosphoinositide 3- kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5) as a crucial hub gene was accomplished via protein-protein interaction network and molecular docking approach. In vivo experiments showed that PSO treatment alleviated septic myocardial injury, as evidenced by improved cardiac function indicators and inflammation response. Similar results were obtained in vitro experiments. Importantly, the expression of PI3KR5 was decreased in the myocardium and cardiomyocytes, and the effect was reversed by PSO treatment.

CONCLUSION

This study systematically revealed the key targets of PSO in the treatment of septic myocardial injury. These findings offer valuable insights into disease-drug targets, which have certain clinical significance to exploring disease biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for septic patients.

GAS6 attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent mechanism

Sepsis is a major health threat and often results in heart failure. Growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), a 75-kDa vitamin K-dependent protein, participates in immune regulation and inflammation through binding to AXL (the TAM receptor family). This study was designed to examine the myocardial regulatory role of GAS6 in sepsis. Serum GAS6 levels were increased in septic patients and mice while myocardial GAS6 levels were decreased in septic mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing further revealed a decline in GAS6 levels of nearly all cell clusters including cardiomyocytes. GAS6 overexpression via adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) overtly improved cardiac dysfunction in cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-challenged mice, along with alleviated mitochondrial injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. However, GAS6-elicited beneficial effects were removed by GAS6 knockout. The in vitro study was similar to these findings. Our data also noted a downstream effector role for NLRP3 in GAS6-initiated myocardial response. GAS6 knockout led to elevated levels of NLRP3, the effect of which was reconciled by GAS6 overexpression. Taken together, these results revealed the therapeutical potential of targeting GAS6/AXL-NLRP3 signaling in the management of heart anomalies in sepsis.

Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron as a novel therapeutic remedy for septic myocardial injury

INTRODUCTION

Myocardial injury is a serious complication in sepsis with high mortality. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nanoFe) displayed novel roles in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mouse model. Nonetheless, its high reactivity makes it difficult for long-term storage.

OBJECTIVES

To overcome the obstacle and improve therapeutic efficiency, a surface passivation of nanoFe was designed using sodium sulfide.

METHODS

We prepared iron sulfide nanoclusters and constructed CLP mouse models. Then the effect of sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nanoFe) on the survival rate, blood routine parameters, blood biochemical parameters, cardiac function, and pathological indicators of myocardium was observed. RNA-seq was used to further explore the comprehensive protective mechanisms of S-nanoFe. Finally, the stability of S-nanoFe-1d and S-nanoFe-30 d, together with the therapeutic efficacy of sepsis between S-nanoFe and nanoFe was compared.

RESULTS

The results revealed that S-nanoFe significantly inhibited the growth of bacteria and exerted a protective role against septic myocardial injury. S-nanoFe treatment activated AMPK signaling and ameliorated several CLP-induced pathological processes including myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction. RNA-seq analysis further clarified the comprehensive myocardial protective mechanisms of S-nanoFe against septic injury. Importantly, S-nanoFe had a good stability and a comparable protective efficacy to nanoFe.

CONCLUSIONS

The surface vulcanization strategy for nanoFe has a significant protective role against sepsis and septic myocardial injury. This study provides an alternative strategy for overcoming sepsis and septic myocardial injury and opens up possibilities for the development of nanoparticle in infectious diseases.

Balloon displacement during caesarean section with pernicious placenta previa: A case report

BACKGROUND

For the past few years, preventive interventional therapy has been widely used domestically and overseas, bringing great benefits to pregnant women at high-risk for complications, such as pernicious placenta previa (PPP) and placenta accreta. Nevertheless, there are still few reports on surgical complications related to interventional therapy, and its safety should be a concern.

CASE SUMMARY

We report a 36-year-old pregnant woman with PPP who underwent balloon implantation in the lower segment of the abdominal aorta before caesarean section. However, the balloon shifted during the operation, which damaged the arterial vessels after filling, resulting in severe postpartum haemorrhage in the patient. Fortunately, after emergency interventional stent implantation, the patient was successfully relieved of the massive haemorrhage crisis.

CONCLUSION

It seems that massive postoperative bleeding has been largely avoided in preventive interventional therapy in high-risk pregnant women with placenta-related diseases, but surgical complications related to intervention therapy can also cause adverse consequences. It is equally important for clinical doctors to learn how to promptly identify and effectively treat these rare complications.

Mendelian randomization reveals association between retinal thickness and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Retinal thickness is related to Parkinson's disease (PD), but its association with the severity of PD is still unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomized (MR) study to explore the association between retinal thickness and PD. For the two-sample MR analysis, the summary statistics obtained from genome-wide association studies on the thickness of Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) were employed as exposure, while the summary statistics associated with PD were used as the outcome. The primary approach utilized was inverse variance weighted. To correct for multiple testing, the false discovery rate (FDR) was employed. For sensitivity analysis, an array of robust MR methods was utilized. We found genetically predicted significant association between reduced RNFL thickness and a reduced risk of constipation in PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.854, 95% confidence interval [CI] (0.782, 0.933), P < 0.001, FDR-corrected P = 0.018). Genetically predicted reduced RNFL thickness was associated with a reduced Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total score (β = -0.042, 95% CI (-0.079, 0.005), P = 0.025), and reduced GCIPL thickness was associated with a lower risk of constipation (OR = 0.901, 95% CI (0.821, 0.988), P = 0.027) but a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.103, 95% CI (1.016, 1.198), P = 0.020), insomnia (OR = 1.090, 95% CI (1.013, 1.172), P = 0.021), and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) (OR = 1.198, 95% CI (1.061, 1.352), P = 0.003). In conclusion, we identify an association between retinal thickness and non-motor symptoms (constipation, depression, insomnia and RBD) in PD, highlighting the potential of retinal thickness as a biomarker for PD nonmotor symptoms.

Melatonin Protects Injured Spinal Cord Neurons From Apoptosis by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage via the SIRT1/Drp1 Signaling Pathway

Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in limited prospects for recovery and a high incidence of disability. Melatonin (Mel), a hormone, is acknowledged for its neuroprotective attributes. Mel was examined in this study to discover if it alleviates SCIs via the sirtuin1/dynamin-related protein1 (SIRT1/Drp1) signaling pathway. SCIs were simulated in mice by inducing cord contusion at the T9-T10 vertebrae and causing inflammation in primary spinal neurons using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The findings of our study demonstrated that Mel treatment effectively promoted neuromotor recovery through multiple mechanisms, including the reduction of neuronal death, suppression of astrocyte and microglia activation, and attenuation of neuroinflammation. Moreover, Mel therapy significantly upregulated the expression of SIRT1 in both spinal cord tissues and spinal neurons of mice. Additionally, Mel exhibited the potential to mitigate neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction by modulating the levels of Drp1 and TOMM20, thereby addressing the underlying factors contributing to this dysfunction. Furthermore, when SIRT1 was downregulated, it reversed the positive effects of Mel. Overall, our present study suggests that Mel has the capacity to modulate the SIRT1/Drp1 pathway, thereby ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuating inflammation and apoptosis, and enhancing neural function subsequent to SCIs.

Optimized Adaptive Fuzzy Security Control of Nonlinear Systems With Prescribed Tracking Performance

This article studies the optimized fuzzy prescribed performance control problem for nonlinear nonstrict-feedback systems under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A fuzzy estimator is delicately designed to model the immeasurable system states in the presence of DoS attacks. To achieve the preset tracking performance, a simper prescribed performance error transformation is constructed considering the characteristics of DoS attacks, which helps obtain a novel Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to derive the optimized prescribed performance controller. Furthermore, the fuzzy-logic system, combined with the reinforcement learning (RL) technique, is employed to approximate the unknown nonlinearity existing in the prescribed performance controller design process. An optimized adaptive fuzzy security control law is then proposed for the considered nonlinear nonstrict-feedback systems subject to DoS attacks. Through the Lyapunov stability analysis, the tracking error is proved to approach the predefined region by the preset finite time, even in the presence of DoS attacks. Meanwhile, the consumed control resources are minimized due to the RL-based optimized algorithm. Finally, an actual example with comparisons verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.