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Ferguson E, Parthasarathy S, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B. Generation and initial characterization of a novel polyclonal antibody directed against homocysteine thiolactone-modified low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 1998; 39:925-33. [PMID: 9555955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (homocysteinemia) are presumed to be responsible for the development of coronary artery disease, however, the precise etiology is unclear. We examined the possibility that the adduct formed from the reaction between homocysteine thiolactone, a metabolic product of homocysteine, and apolipoprotein B-100 lysyl residues of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was immunogenic. New Zealand White rabbits were immunized with this adduct at 6-week intervals. Antisera collected following the 3rd immunization was assayed for antibody titers using solid phase ELISA techniques. Titers (defined as the inverse of the greatest serum dilution in which there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the percentage antibody bound from the antiserum and the pre-immune serum) were approximately 10(5). In competition-based ELISAs, homocysteine thiolactone-treated LDL competed for binding with the antiserum, as the 50% inhibitory concentration was approximately 10 microg/ml. Neither homocysteine, homocystine (homocysteine disulfide), nor Cu2-oxidized LDL competed for binding. LDL in which lysyl residues were derivatized by acetylation or methylation were not recognized by the antiserum. Homocysteine thiolactone-treated plasma competed for binding to the antiserum, whereas native plasma did not. All lipoprotein fractions from the homocysteine thiolactone-treated plasma competed for binding to the antiserum. We conclude that homocysteine thiolactone-modified LDL is highly immunogenic and specific for homocysteine thiolactone-modified lysines. The potential for using this antibody as a diagnostic tool for measuring plasma homocysteine concentrations and the implications for understanding diseases induced by homocysteinemia are discussed.
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Cordasco EM, Zenz C, Ferguson E, Cordasco EM, MacIntyre W, Cordasco-Reaper MA, van der Kuyp F, Lubs P, Burns DE, Beerell F, Vance J, Saric M, Taylor R, del Greco F, Legaspi Valasco JA. Environmental pulmonary edema: an update. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1998; 13:27-57. [PMID: 9718621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Irving KL, Ferguson E, Cox T, Farnsworth WJ. Nurses' evaluations of sources of information about HIV and AIDS. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF HEALTH 1997; 117:298-303. [PMID: 9519662 DOI: 10.1177/146642409711700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reviews of the literature indicate that nurses feel ill-informed about HIV/AIDS and that poor knowledge is associated with anxiety and negative attitudes towards infected patients and their care. Although some studies have sought to identify the sources of HIV/AIDS information available to nurses, few have attempted to understand how nurses evaluate such sources. In this study in 1992, 15 sources of HIV/AIDS information were identified during group discussions with nursing staff and nurse tutors. 277 nursing staff evaluated each of the sources in terms of perceived frequency (how often the source is used) and six items chosen to assess the usability and usefulness of each source (e.g. how informative the source is, how easy it is to understand). The results indicate that in-service training, basic training and professional colleagues are the sources evaluated most highly while posters and advertisements, television and radio and popular newspapers are the most frequently used sources of information. Trades unions' journals and pamphlets are the least frequently used sources of information and receive only modest evaluations. 20% of respondents report never having received any training regarding HIV and AIDS. Implications for the future provision of HIV/AIDS information and directions for further research are discussed.
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Ferguson E, Singh RJ, Hogg N, Kalyanaraman B. The mechanism of apolipoprotein B-100 thiol depletion during oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 341:287-94. [PMID: 9169017 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.9975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is recognized to be a key step in atherogenesis. Previous studies show that LDL contains low-molecular-weight antioxidants such as vitamin E, beta-carotene, and ubiquinol, which can retard oxidative modification. In this report, we have evaluated the antioxidant potential of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo-B) thiols during LDL oxidation. Both apo-B thiols and vitamin E were depleted concomitantly during the lag phase of Cu(2+)-mediated LDL oxidation. The rate of thiol depletion was significantly inhibited by the lipophilic spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) but not by the water-soluble spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN). Blocking apo-B thiols with sulfhydryl modifying agents increased the oxidizability of LDL. As with Cu2+, peroxynitrite also caused depletion of apo-B thiols, and again thiol depletion was inhibited by PBN but not by POBN. A PBN/lipid-derived radical adduct was observed by the electron spin resonance technique during oxidation of LDL with peroxynitrite. We conclude that apo-B thiol depletion is mediated by lipid peroxidation, prior to the onset of the propagation phase of LDL oxidation. The implications of apo-B thiols an intrinsic antioxidants of LDL are discussed.
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Ferguson E, Singh AP, Cunningham-Snell N. Stress and blood donation: effects of music and previous donation experience. Br J Psychol 1997; 88 ( Pt 2):277-94. [PMID: 9183841 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1997.tb02635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Making a blood donation, especially for first-time donors, can be a stressful experience. These feelings of stress may inhibit donors from returning. This paper applies stress theory to this particular problem. The effects of a stress management intervention (the provision of music) and previous donor experience were examined in relation to pre- and post-donation mood, environmental appraisals and coping behaviour. Results indicated that the provision of music had detrimental effects on environmental appraisals for those who have donated up to two times previously, but beneficial effects for those who had donated three times before. These effects were, to an extent, moderated by coping processes but not perceived control. It is recommended that the provision of music is not used as a stress management technique in the context of blood donation.
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Wölle J, Hill RR, Ferguson E, Devall LJ, Trivedi BK, Newton RS, Saxena U. Selective inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by a novel flavonoid. Lack of effect on transcription factor NF-kappa B. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16:1501-8. [PMID: 8977455 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.16.12.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present studies, we examined the effect of flavonoids on the endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules, an early step in inflammation and atherogenesis. Addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) led to the induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and enhancement in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). A flavonoid, 2-(3-amino-phenyl)-8-methoxy-chromene-4-one (PD 098063), markedly inhibited TNF-induced VCAM-1 cell-surface expression in a concentration-dependent fashion with half-maximal inhibition at 19 mumol/L but had no effect on ICAM-1 expression. Another structurally distinct flavonoid, 2-phenyl-chromene-4-one, similarly selectively decreased VCAM-1 expression. The inhibition in cell-surface expression of VCAM-1 by PD 098063 correlated with decreases in steady-state mRNA levels, but there was no effect on ICAM-1 mRNA levels. The decrease in VCAM-1 mRNA levels was not due to changes in mRNA stability but rather resulted from a reduction in the rate of transcription of the gene. However, electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from TNF-induced HAECs treated with PD 098063 failed to show a decrease in the activation of NF-kappa B, indicating that inhibition of activation of this transcription factor may not be its mode of action. Similarly, PD 098063 did not affect chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene activity in TNF-inducible minimal VCAM-1 promoter constructs containing two NF-kappa B sites, suggesting that the compound does not affect the transactivation driven by these sites. We conclude that this compound selectively blocks agonist-induced VCAM-1 protein and gene expression in HAECs by NF-kappa B-independent mechanism(s).
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Blake PG, Spanner E, McMurray S, Lindsay RM, Ferguson E. Comparison of measured and predicted creatinine excretion is an unreliable index of compliance in PD patients. ARCH ESP UROL 1996; 16:147-53. [PMID: 9147548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of the ratio of measured to predicted creatinine excretion as an index of compliance in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. DESIGN A prospective analysis. SETTING Academic teaching hospital dialysis unit. PATIENTS Forty-three patients on PD. MEASUREMENTS Creatinine excretion in daily dialysate and urine collections was measured on one occasion in 10 patients and on two occasions in 33 patients, and, after adding an estimate for extrarenal creatinine degradation, was divided by predicted creatinine excretion to give a creatinine excretion ratio, which has been proposed as an index of compliance with exchanges in PD patients. Values above 1.24 have been suggested to indicate noncompliance. Lean body mass was also estimated from creatinine excretion. RESULTS The mean creatinine excretion ratio was 1.12, and 30% of patients had a value above 1.3. Only one patient admitted noncompliance. Studies on four consecutive days of guaranteed compliance in 7 patients with high ratios showed that creatinine excretion remained constant, suggesting that the patients were high creatinine producers rather than noncompliant. Creatinine excretion was stable when measured at intervals of days, but over months it tended to change markedly in many patients. Lean body mass estimations using creatinine excretion were low in most patients. CONCLUSION Comparison of measured and predicted creatinine excretion is not a reliable indicator of noncompliance because many compliant patients consistently excrete more creatinine than predicted. The standard formulas were not validated in dialysis patients and underestimate creatinine excretion significantly in many PD patients. Existing estimates in the literature of noncompliance, using this methodology, may not be accurate. Better methods of detecting this problem are required.
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Wölle J, Ferguson E, Devall LJ, Newton RS, Saxena U. Identification of a novel 85-kDa lipoprotein lipase binding protein on human aortic endothelial cell surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 216:906-12. [PMID: 7488211 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), bound to the luminal surface of vascular endothelium catalyzes lipoprotein triglyceride hydrolysis. Studies were performed to identify human aortic endothelial (HAEC) cell-surface proteins having high affinity for LPL. LPL-sepharose affinity chromatography of [35S]O4 labeled HAEC proteins identified a 220-kDa proteoglycan. Ligand blotting of HAEC plasma membrane proteins with LPL revealed two specific binding proteins of MW 116 kDa and 85 kDa, respectively, which were not released from the cell-surface by heparin treatment. Since the 220-kDa and 116-kDa proteins have been reported previously in bovine endothelial cells, we focused on the 85-kDa protein. The 85-kDa protein was not labelled by incubation of the cells with [35S]O4, suggesting that it is not a sulfated proteoglycan. Treatment of HAEC with tunicamycin markedly decreased detection of the 85-kDa protein, suggesting that it is likely a glycoprotein synthesized by HAEC. We conclude that HAEC cell surface has three specific LPL binding proteins, a 220-kDa proteoglycan, a 116-kDa protein and a novel 85-kDa protein.
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Wölle J, Ferguson E, Keshava C, Devall LJ, Boschelli DH, Newton RS, Saxena U. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor induced human aortic endothelial cell adhesion molecule gene expression by an alkoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 214:6-10. [PMID: 7545397 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a novel anti-inflammatory agent, 5-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-ethoxy)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide-1-oxide (PD 144795) on adhesion molecule expression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) stimulated human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were examined. PD 144795 treatment markedly inhibited the TNF-induced cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein and mRNA. Gel shift assays using nuclear extracts from HAEC treated with PD 144795 failed to show a decrease in the activation of NFkB by this compound, whereas pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an antioxidant, markedly inhibited the activation of this transcription factor. Thus, PD 144795 inhibits agonist-stimulated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression likely via an NFkB independent mechanism, distinct from that of PDTC. Such agents may provide a novel approach for control of adhesion molecule gene expression in inflammation.
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111
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Bailey A, Ferguson E, Voss S. Factors affecting an individual's ability to administer medication. HOME HEALTHCARE NURSE 1995; 13:57-63. [PMID: 7591825 DOI: 10.1097/00004045-199509000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the authors identify how well self-care agents function in the self-administration of medication. The sample population included 60 adults who were evaluated on their ability to read three prescription labels and perform the tasks necessary to administer medications correctly. Age, gender, number of medications taken, and type of chronic disease did not contribute significantly to the ability to self-medicate correctly. Complexity of the medication regime and educational level were highly significant. Reading scores improved as educational levels increased; however, all educational groups had consistently lower performance scores compared with reading scores.
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112
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Saxena U, Auerbach BJ, Ferguson E, Wölle J, Marcel YL, Weisgraber KH, Hegele RA, Bisgaier CL. Apolipoprotein B and E basic amino acid clusters influence low-density lipoprotein association with lipoprotein lipase anchored to the subendothelial matrix. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15:1240-7. [PMID: 7627718 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.15.8.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein accumulation in the subendothelial matrix is an important step in atherogenesis. We have previously shown that addition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) markedly increased binding of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins to an endothelial cell-derived matrix, and this enhanced lipoprotein binding was inhibited by apoE. In the present studies we examined the role of various regions of apoB in the binding of LDL to LPL-containing endothelial cell matrix and the ability of various apoE domains to decrease lipoprotein retention. We studied three apoB epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies for their ability to block the binding of 125I-LDL to LPL-containing matrix. Of these, monoclonal antibody 4G3, which recognizes an arginine-containing epitope in apoB, was the most effective in reducing LDL binding. Chemical modification of LDL apoB lysines or arginines markedly reduced the ability of the lipoprotein to block the binding of 125I-LDL to LPL-containing matrix, suggesting that apoB positively charged amino acids are involved in the interaction. Furthermore, polyarginine or polylysine markedly decreased 125I-LDL binding to LPL-containing matrix, whereas polyleucine was ineffective. These data suggest that apoB positively charged regions are important in LDL binding. To explore the role of charge modifications on apoE by single arginine-cysteine interchanges, we examined the effects of the three major human apoE isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4). ApoE3 was the most effective in decreasing 125I-LDL retention, followed by apoE4; apoE2 was the least effective. Similarly, apoE2-containing HDL was much less effective than apoE3-containing HDL in decreasing 125I-LDL retention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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113
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Desai RC, Court JC, Ferguson E, Gordon RJ, Hlasta DJ, Dunlap RP, Franke CA. Phosphonates and phosphinates: novel leaving groups for benzisothiazolone inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. J Med Chem 1995; 38:1571-4. [PMID: 7739015 DOI: 10.1021/jm00009a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of alkyl and aryl phosphonate and phosphinate acid-based leaving groups has been developed for utilization in the synthesis of benzoisothiazolone (BIT) inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). A number of BITs were synthesized with phosphonate and phosphinate acid-based leaving groups and were found to be potent inhibitors of HLE. Compound 3c with a diethyl phosphonate leaving group is the most potent inhibitor synthesized in this series with Ki* = 0.035 nM and ED50 = 2.0 mg/kg.
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114
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Ferguson E, Daniel E. The Illness Attitudes Scale (IAS): A psychometric evaluation on a non-clinical population. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)00186-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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115
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Ferguson E, Cox T, Irving K, Leiter M, Farnsworth B. A measure of knowledge and confidence in relation to HIV and AIDS: reliability and validity. AIDS Care 1995; 7:211-28. [PMID: 7619874 DOI: 10.1080/09540129550126722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of HIV and AIDS is widely seen as an important determinant of anxiety about such infection in health care workers. However, existing measures of this knowledge suffer from a number of methodological problems and few demonstrate adequate reliability and validity. This paper documents the development of a new measure detailing its reliability and validity. Knowledge, and also confidence in knowledge, were assessed across seven domains of relevant information (e.g. epidemiology, personal risk, symptomatology) in one non-expert group (non-medical undergraduate psychologist) and in three groups with greater expertise (nursing students and third year and final year medical students). The measure was shown to be reliable and to discriminate between the four groups in a manner consistent with the level of education received by each group and in terms of both the scale scores for the seven domains and the individual items. In general, final year medical students were shown to be more knowledgeable, and more confident in their knowledge, than the other groups. The non-medical undergraduates showed the lowest level of knowledge. In general, the groups appeared under-confident in their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This was interpreted in terms of members of these groups exhibiting caution and the perceived fluctuating nature of the HIV knowledge base. Implications for the training of health care workers in relation to HIV/AIDS are discussed.
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116
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Sture GH, Halliwell RE, Thoday KL, van den Broek AH, Henfrey JI, Lloyd DH, Mason IS, Ferguson E. Canine atopic disease: the prevalence of positive intradermal skin tests at two sites in the north and south of Great Britain. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1995; 44:293-308. [PMID: 7747407 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05306-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Results of intradermal skin test responses to the same panel of 53 allergens were compared in 118 dogs with atopic disease presented at two geographical centres, Edinburgh (87 cases) and London (31 cases). The allergens most commonly positive at both centres were human dander and Dermatophagoides farinae, but positive tests to all of the allergens used occurred in at least one case. The mean number of allergens to which positive tests resulted in atopic dogs was 5.126 (Edinburgh) and 5.129 (London). The majority of animals were sensitive to allergens from more than one group. A significantly higher number of positive reactors to house dust allergen was observed at London than at Edinburgh (P < 0.05), while a significantly higher number of positive reactions to grass pollens was detected at Edinburgh than in London (P < 0.05). Sensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, in the absence of sensitivity to D. farinae, was uncommon and therefore both of these mite allergens should be incorporated in intradermal skin testing panels in Great Britain.
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117
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Saxena U, Ferguson E, Newton RS. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors modulate monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 1995; 112:7-17. [PMID: 7772069 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)05392-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Increased monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium is observed in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The role of endothelial acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT) in the regulation of monocyte adhesion is not known. To examine the potential role of this enzyme in monocyte adhesion, a specific ACAT inhibitor, CI-976, was utilized. Although the basal adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to porcine aortic endothelial cells was low, treatment of the endothelial cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) markedly increased monocyte adhesion. Monocyte adhesion to LPS-treated endothelial cells was markedly inhibited by CI-976 treatment of the endothelial cells. Similarly, another ACAT inhibitor, PD 132301-2, whose structure is distinct from CI-976, also decreased monocyte adhesion. CI-976 treatment of endothelial cells also decreased endothelial cell ACAT activity. Since leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is known to promote leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, endothelial cell production of this leukotriene was examined after incubation with CI-976. CI-976 treatment markedly decreased LTB4 synthesis. Exogenous LTB4 addition to CI-976 treated cells reversed the effects of this compound on monocyte adhesion. These data demonstrate that ACAT inhibitors decrease monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Similar mechanisms may contribute to antiatherosclerotic effects of ACAT inhibitors in vivo.
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118
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Farnsworth B, Cox T, Cox S, Ferguson E. Managing health and safety in hospitals. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 1994; 3:831-6. [PMID: 7950264 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.1994.3.16.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This article is set against the background of recent changes in health and safety legislation which directly affect hospital staff. Research into the central concepts of hazard, risk and harm is contributing to a broader understanding of the management of health and safety. Both occupational medicine and safety practice must recognise the role of psychosocial and organisational processes in managing workplace hazards.
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119
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Saxena U, Auerbach B, Ferguson E, Woelle J, Marcel Y, Weisgraber K, Bisgaier C. Effects of apo E on the LPL-mediated retention of apo B containing lipoproteins by arterial matrix. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)94041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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120
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Wo¨lle J, Ferguson E, Devall L, Newton R, Saxena U. Interaction of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs): evidence for multiple binding proteins. Atherosclerosis 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)93258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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121
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Subramanyam C, Bell MR, Carabateas P, Court JJ, Dority JA, Ferguson E, Gordon R, Hlasta DJ, Kumar V, Saindane M. 2,6-Disubstituted aryl carboxylic acids, leaving groups "par excellence" for benzisothiazolone inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. J Med Chem 1994; 37:2623-6. [PMID: 8064791 DOI: 10.1021/jm00043a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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122
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Reaven PD, Ferguson E, Navab M, Powell FL. Susceptibility of human LDL to oxidative modification. Effects of variations in beta-carotene concentration and oxygen tension. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS : A JOURNAL OF VASCULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 14:1162-9. [PMID: 8018673 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.14.7.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that beta-carotene supplementation may decrease atherosclerotic events. Because beta-carotene is transported in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), one mechanism by which this protective effect may occur is through direct inhibition of LDL oxidation. Addition of beta-carotene to LDL in vitro inhibits the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. In contrast, we have shown that feeding large doses of beta-carotene results in beta-carotene-enriched plasma LDL (16- to 35-fold), but such LDL does not show increased resistance to oxidation. Potential criticisms of our initial study relate to the unique antioxidant properties of beta-carotene. Beta-Carotene provides better quenching of some free radicals, such as singlet oxygen, than others. Additionally, since beta-carotene can easily autooxidize, forming metabolites that can also generate free radicals, it has been argued that at sufficient concentrations in vivo the antioxidant effect of beta-carotene may be diminished. It has thus been suggested that in our initial study we may have failed to properly assess the unique antioxidant effects of beta-carotene by our selection of oxidizing conditions and/or failed to achieve antioxidant activity because of excessive enrichment of LDL with beta-carotene. We now report the effects of feeding lower doses of beta-carotene on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and test whether any antioxidant activity of beta-carotene can be detected when different modes of initiating oxidation are used. Because the antioxidant activity of beta-carotene is reputedly most pronounced in low-oxygen environments, we also investigated its effect on LDL oxidation under conditions of reduced oxygen tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ferguson E, Dodds A, Ng L, Flannigan H. Perceived control: Distinct but related levels of analysis? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(94)90069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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124
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Saxena U, Ferguson E, Auerbach BJ, Bisgaier CL. Lipoprotein lipase facilitates very low density lipoprotein binding to the subendothelial cell matrix. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 194:769-74. [PMID: 8343159 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of bovine lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) binding to subendothelial matrix was studied. Without LPL, VLDL bound poorly to the matrix. However, decreasing NaCl or elevating Ca++ concentration increased matrix VLDL binding. With LPL, VLDL binding was markedly increased. Since LPL is a normal constituent of the artery wall and is elevated in atherosclerotic lesions, we postulate two potential mechanisms for the involvement of VLDL and LPL in atherogenesis. First, VLDL acquisition is attenuated by the increased matrix LPL content in the developing atheroma. Secondly, elevated plasma levels of VLDL (and VLDL remnants) such as in Type II or III dyslipidemia could enhance such interactions. These events likely accelerate the rate of atherosclerosis lesion development.
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Saxena U, Ferguson E, Bisgaier CL. Apolipoprotein E modulates low density lipoprotein retention by lipoprotein lipase anchored to the subendothelial matrix. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:14812-9. [PMID: 8325860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (lipase), a key enzyme in lipoprotein triglyceride metabolism, has been shown to markedly increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) retention by subendothelial matrix. In the present study we assessed the role that lipoprotein and matrix components play in retention of LDL by lipase anchored to the subendothelial matrix. Lipase addition to subendothelial matrix increased LDL retention by 66-fold. Scatchard analysis of LDL binding to lipase-containing matrix yielded an association constant of 12 nM. Exogenous addition of the matrix components, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate (i.e. chondroitin sulfate B), reduced LDL retention by greater than 90%. These glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also reduced lipolytic activity associated with the matrix, suggesting that lipase was released from its binding sites on the matrix. In contrast, other matrix components (collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin, and chondroitin sulfate A) neither affected LDL release nor matrix lipolytic activity. Thus, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate function to anchor lipase to the subendothelial cell matrix. The effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) and apoA-I were also examined. Preincubation of the subendothelial matrix with apoE, followed by washing, did not affect subsequent lipase binding to the matrix nor its ability to retain LDL. However, the direct addition of apoE alone or in combination with phospholipid liposomes decreased lipase-mediated LDL retention in a concentration-dependent fashion. Addition of apoA-I had no effect. Thus, in these studies apoE functions to displace LDL bound to lipase, but not lipase anchored to the matrix. To further examine the physiologic implications of this process, we assessed the ability of human apoE-rich and apoE-poor high density lipoproteins (HDL) to displace LDL from matrix-anchored lipase. ApoE-rich HDL reduced LDL retention dramatically (86% at 2.5 micrograms/ml). In contrast, apoE-poor HDL, at the highest concentration evaluated (400 micrograms/ml), decreased LDL retention by only 32%. Overall, these data suggest apoE and specifically apoE-containing HDL reduce the lipase-mediated retention of LDL by subendothelial matrix. This observation, in part could explain the protective effects of apoE and apoE-containing HDL against atherosclerosis.
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Ferguson E, Parry RR, Schlenker EH. Determinants of peak flow rate among Hutterite farmers. SOUTH DAKOTA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1993; 46:143-146. [PMID: 8516681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Observations from respiratory studies of over 1000 Hutterites and 200 control subjects indicated that the percent predicted peak flow rate values were 20% lower among Hutterites than control subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine if the decreased peak flow rate values among male Hutterites were a function of decreased airway patency or decreased respiratory muscle strength. Peak flow rate, muscle and lung function and the prevalence of respiratory symptomatology and disease were evaluated in 27 males from two Hutterite colonies. In one group almost all members consistently used masks while performing farming tasks, while 41% of members from the other colony used masks intermittently. Results suggest that peak flow rate values are decreased predominantly due to decreased airway patency associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease and are not limited by respiratory muscle strength.
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127
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Saxena U, Kulkarni NM, Ferguson E, Newton RS. Lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins increases monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 189:1653-8. [PMID: 1482370 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90267-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) bound to vascular endothelial cells hydrolyses triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins. To explore the role of LPL in atherogenesis, the effect of LPL-mediated lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was examined. Adhesion of U937 monocytes to porcine aortic endothelial cells that were incubated with VLDL and purified bovine milk LPL was markedly higher than endothelial cells that were incubated with VLDL alone. The increase in monocyte adhesion obtained with VLDL was dependent on the concentration of the lipoprotein, monocyte dose and time of incubation. The increase in adhesion correlated with generation of free fatty acids from the hydrolysis of triglycerides in VLDL by LPL. Furthermore, direct addition of oleic acid to endothelial cells also increased adhesion of monocytes. We postulate that LPL-derived lipolytic products increase monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and thereby promote atherogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta
- Cattle
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Lipolysis
- Lipoprotein Lipase/metabolism
- Lipoproteins/blood
- Lipoproteins/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, HDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, HDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/pharmacology
- Milk/enzymology
- Monocytes/physiology
- Oleic Acid
- Oleic Acids/pharmacology
- Swine
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128
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Robertson JD, Ferguson E, Jay M, Stalker DJ. Noninvasive in vivo percutaneous absorption measurements using X-ray fluorescence. Pharm Res 1992; 9:1410-4. [PMID: 1475226 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015850627370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) has been used to determine in vivo the percutaneous absorption of 5-iodouracil (5IU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on female Sprague-Dawley rats. An average absorption rate constant of 122 +/- 34 micrograms/cm2-hr was obtained from the XRF measurements on four rats. A comparative study was performed with radiolabeled (125I) 5IU in which the absorption rate constant was determined to be 126 +/- 20 micrograms/cm2-hr. The XRF system described provides a simple, noninvasive means of measuring the percutaneous absorption rate of select compounds by the surface disappearance method.
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Abstract
This paper describes a saliva control clinic which has been established at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. A team involving two speech pathologists, a paediatrician, a plastic surgeon and a dentist has assessed and managed 68 young people over a period of 2 years. Treatment options have included behavioural programmes, trial of oral appliances, medication and surgery. This multidisciplinary approach has been useful in developing assessment techniques and formulating recommendations.
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130
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Sathyavagiswaran L, Selser SF, Ferguson E, Danialzadeh E. Using pacemakers to identify decedents. J Forensic Sci 1992; 37:955. [PMID: 1506836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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131
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Bocan TM, Ferguson E, McNally W, Uhlendorf PD, Bak Mueller S, Dehart P, Sliskovic DR, Roth BD, Krause BR, Newton RS. Hepatic and nonhepatic sterol synthesis and tissue distribution following administration of a liver selective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, CI-981: comparison with selected HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1123:133-44. [PMID: 1739744 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since cholesterol biosynthesis is an integral part of cellular metabolism, several HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors were systematically analyzed in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo sterol synthesis assays using [14C]acetate incorporation into digitonin precipitable sterols as a marker of cholesterol synthesis. Tissue distribution of radiolabeled CI-981 and lovastatin was also performed. In vitro, CI-981 and PD134967-15 were equipotent in liver, spleen, testis and adrenal, lovastatin was more potent in extrahepatic tissues than liver and BMY21950, pravastatin and PD135023-15 were more potent in liver than peripheral tissues. In ex vivo assays, all inhibitors except lovastatin preferentially inhibited liver sterol synthesis; however, pravastatin and BMY22089 were strikingly less potent in the liver. CI-981 inhibited sterol synthesis in vivo in the liver, spleen and adrenal while not affecting the testis, kidney, muscle and brain. Lovastatin inhibited sterol synthesis to a greater extent than CI-981 in the spleen, adrenal and kidney while pravastatin and BMY22089 primarily affected liver and kidney. The tissue distribution of radiolabeled CI-981 and lovastatin support the changes observed in tissue sterol synthesis. Thus, we conclude that a spectrum of liver selective HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors exist and that categorizing agents as liver selective is highly dependent upon method of analysis.
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132
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Mansour AM, Ferguson E, Lucia H, Rajashekhar M, Li H, Margo T. Vitreous replacement by gas as a therapeutic modality in bacterial endophthalmitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1991; 229:468-72. [PMID: 1937081 DOI: 10.1007/bf00166312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated vitreous replacement by long-lasting gas in the management of severe Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in 19 rabbits randomized for vitrectomy (9 animals) and for vitrectomy followed by replacement of the vitreous by a 20% perfluoropropane-80% air mixture (10 animals). Both groups received systemic antibiotics and achieved comparable intraocular antibiotic levels. Clinically and histopathologically, gas-filled eyes demonstrated less inflammation than did eyes without gas (P less than 0.01). Replacement of vitreous by gas offers an effective adjunct to vitrectomy by eliminating a culture medium, preventing vitreous abscess formation, enabling fundus visualization, and delaying the onset of retinal detachment.
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133
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Bocan TM, Mueller SB, Uhlendorf PD, Ferguson E, Newton RS. Dietary and mechanically induced rabbit iliac-femoral atherosclerotic lesions: a chemical and morphologic evaluation. Exp Mol Pathol 1991; 54:201-77. [PMID: 2060606 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(91)90031-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of combining chronic endothelial injury and intermittent meal feeding of a high and low cholesterol, coconut oil, peanut oil diet on plama lipid and lipoprotein content and on the formation of atherosclerotic lesions within the iliac-femoral artery of rabbits was studied. Alternate feeding of a 1 or 0.1% cholesterol, 3% coconut oil, 3% peanut oil diet for 3 to 14 weeks resulted in a 4- to 11-fold increase in plasma cholesterol with 59 to 79% of the plasma cholesterol eluting in a molecular weight fraction comparable to human low density lipoproteins (LDL). In the iliac-femoral artery, an atherosclerotic intimal lesion with an average cross-sectional area of 0.452 mm2 was present in 98% of the animals. The lesion was typically eccentric in location and contained both superficial- and deep-intimal lipid-filled monocyte-macrophages, extracellular lipid, smooth muscle cells, and extracellular connective tissue matrix. The relative percent lipid composition of the iliac-femoral lesion was 62% cholesteryl ester, 21% free cholesterol, and 17% phospholipid. Thus, we conclude that the combination of meal feeding a cholesterol/fat diet, dietary regimen and chronic mild endothelial injury in the rabbit results in (1) a diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in which LDL appear to be the predominant lipoprotein; and (2) a lesion within the iliac-femoral artery comparable in histologic and chemical composition to a human fatty streak.
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134
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Gordon RJ, Ferguson E, Dunlap R, Franke C, Silver PJ. Pulmonary hemorrhage induced by intratracheal administration of human leukocyte elastase in hamsters. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991; 624:331-3. [PMID: 2064238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb17037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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135
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Sliskovic DR, Picard JA, Roark WH, Roth BD, Ferguson E, Krause BR, Newton RS, Sekerke C, Shaw MK. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 4. trans-6-[2-(substituted-quinolinyl)ethenyl/ethyl]tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2 H-pyran-2-ones, a novel series of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1991; 34:367-73. [PMID: 1992138 DOI: 10.1021/jm00105a057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted quinoline mevalonolactones were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase both in vitro and (cholesterol biosynthesis) in vivo. Since previous studies suggested that the 4-(4-fluorophenyl) and 2-(1-methylethyl) substituents afforded optimum potency, attention was focused on variations at position 6 of the quinoline ring. Biological evaluation of a small number of analogues bearing a variety of 6-substituents showed that modification at this position had little effect on potency. Several compounds (8b, 8e, and 11) were identified that showed comparable potency to compactin and mevinolin in both the in vitro and in vivo assays.
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136
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Roth BD, Blankley CJ, Chucholowski AW, Ferguson E, Hoefle ML, Ortwine DF, Newton RS, Sekerke CS, Sliskovic DR, Stratton CD. Inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. 3. Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]-2H-pyran-2-one inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. 2. Effects of introducing substituents at positions three and four of the pyrrole nucleus. J Med Chem 1991; 34:357-66. [PMID: 1992137 DOI: 10.1021/jm00105a056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of trans-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-[2-(2,3,4,5-substituted-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethyl]-2H-pyran-2-ones and their dihydroxy acids were prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase in vitro. Inhibitory potency was found to increase substantially when substituents were introduced into positions three and four of the pyrrole ring. A systematic exploration of structure-activity relationships at these two positions led to the identification of a compound ((+)-33,(+)-(4R)-trans-2-(4-fluororphenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-N,3- diphenyl-1- [(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-4- carboxamide) with five times the inhibitory potency of the fungal metabolite compactin.
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137
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Roth BD, Bocan TM, Blankley CJ, Chucholowski AW, Creger PL, Creswell MW, Ferguson E, Newton RS, O'Brien P, Picard JA. Relationship between tissue selectivity and lipophilicity for inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. J Med Chem 1991; 34:463-6. [PMID: 1992149 DOI: 10.1021/jm00105a071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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138
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Shaw MK, Newton RS, Sliskovic DR, Roth BD, Ferguson E, Krause BR. Hep-G2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes differ in their response to inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 170:726-34. [PMID: 2166504 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)92151-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CI-981, a novel synthetic inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, was previously reported to be highly liver-selective using an ex vivo approach. In order to determine liver-selectivity at the cellular level, CI-981 was evaluated in cell culture and compared to lovastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin and BMY-21950. Using human cell lines, none of the compounds tested showed liver-selectivity, i.e. strong inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in Hep-G2 cells (liver model) but weak inhibition in human fibroblasts (peripheral cell model). In contrast, all drugs tested produced equal and potent inhibition of sterol synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, and CI-981, pravastatin and BMY-21950 were more than 100-fold more potent in rat hepatocytes compared to human fibroblasts. Since all compounds were also equally potent at inhibiting sterol synthesis in a rat subcellular system and in vivo, the data suggest that the use of Hep-G2 cells may not be the cell system of choice in which to study inhibition of hepatic cholesterogenesis or to demonstrate liver selectivity of inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase.
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139
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Satzger W, Engel RR, Ferguson E, Kapfhammer H, Eich FX, Hippius H. Effects of single doses of alpidem, lorazepam, and placebo on memory and attention in healthy young and elderly volunteers. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 1990; 23 Suppl 3:114-9. [PMID: 1974070 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of alpidem, a new imidazopyridine derivative with benzodiazepine-like anxiolytic effects, with those of lorazepam and placebo on memory and attention in two age groups of healthy volunteers. The study design was that of a randomized double-blind crossover trial with 12 young (18-30 years old) and 12 elderly (65-80) subjects. At weekly intervals, each subject was administered single oral doses of 25 mg alpidem, 50 mg alpidem, 1 mg lorazepam, and placebo in a randomized sequence. Computerized memory and attention tests were performed 90 minutes before and 320 minutes after drug administration. Lorazepam and alpidem 50 mg produced memory impairments: for verbal memory tests the difference against placebo was highly significant for both drugs, while for visual memory this impairment was significant for lorazepam only. No memory effects were seen with 25 mg alpidem. There were no significant drug effects on attention, suggesting a specific amnestic effect not explained by general sedation. Performance of the elderly subjects was much lower than that of the younger ones in both memory and attention tasks. It was not possible to observe any interaction effects between drug and age.
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140
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Pivarnik L, Ferguson E, Rheault A, Macdonald L, Bonilla A, Olney C. Nutrient content of processed fish products common to the jewish diet. J Food Compost Anal 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0889-1575(89)90064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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141
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Phipps M, Ferguson E, Salomé-Bentley N. Healthy practice. Nursing 1987; 3:684-7. [PMID: 3648565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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142
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Ferguson E, Díaz C, Metzner H. [Lipid profile in a Panamanian female population]. REVISTA MEDICA DE PANAMA 1986; 11:70-6. [PMID: 3726191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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143
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Ferguson E, Díaz C, Metzner H. [Comparative study of the lipid profile in the Panamanian male population]. REVISTA MEDICA DE PANAMA 1985; 10:123-31. [PMID: 4023297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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144
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Ferguson E, Díaz C, Metzner H. [Preliminary study of the lipid profile in the Panamanian population]. REVISTA MEDICA DE PANAMA 1984; 9:146-57. [PMID: 6463289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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145
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Haller RG, Carter NW, Ferguson E, Knochel JP. Serum and muscle potassium in experimental alcoholic myopathy. Neurology 1984; 34:529-32. [PMID: 6538310 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.34.4.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possible role of potassium deficiency, a recognized cause of myopathy, in the pathogenesis of experimental acute alcoholic myopathy (EAM) in the rat. Alcohol-treated animals receiving the same dietary potassium as controls developed mild hypokalemia; however, muscle potassium was preserved or elevated even in the presence of scattered muscle fiber necrosis. Increasing dietary potassium raised serum potassium but did not prevent EAM. These data indicate that hypokalemia in EAM is due to potassium redistribution between intra- and extracellular compartments rather than potassium deficiency, and confirm clinical observations that alcohol-induced muscle injury occurs independently of potassium deficiency.
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146
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Ferguson E. Operations of choice for cancers of the colon and rectum. An overview. Am Surg 1984; 50:121-7. [PMID: 6703522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite proven guidelines, rational management proposals, and effective surgical therapies, surgical resections not in accord with national norms continue to be used. Refinement of existing knowledge can improve the marginal results of the past. A simple overview is presented. Management of cancer of the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic and splenic flexures, transverse colon, descending, sigmoid, and rectosigmoid colon are graphically presented. Multiple large bowel polyps, chronic ulcerative colitis with tendency to neoplasia, and multiple polyposis are briefly discussed as to proper surgical management. A similar succinct overview of individual polyp management is diagrammatically shown. Cancer management of the rectum including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, cloacogenic and villous tumors are shown as well as the management of basal cell and squamous cell lesions of the anal verge.
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147
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Yuspa SH, Spangler EF, Donahoe R, Geusz S, Ferguson E, Wenk M, Hennings H. Sensitivity to two-stage carcinogenesis of SENCAR mouse skin grafted to nude mice. Cancer Res 1982; 42:437-9. [PMID: 6799187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SENCAR mice are extremely susceptible to two-stage skin carcinogenesis, while BALB/c mice are relatively resistant. Skin grafts to BALB/c nude mice were performed with full-thickness skin from SENCAR and BALB/c donors, and tumor formation was monitored in grafted skin, surrounding host skin, and intact SENCAR, BALB/c and nude mice. Initiation was accomplished by exposure to 20 micrograms dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promotion by repeated exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. SENCAR skin retained a high sensitivity to carcinogenesis when grafted to nude hosts, whereas BALB/c skin remained resistant. The donor type did not influence the tumor yield in surrounding nude host skin. The rate of tumor regression was not altered in SENCAR skin grafts on nude mice relative to intact SENCAR skin. These results indicate that the unusual sensitivity of SENCAR epidermis to chemical carcinogenesis is not due to altered systemic factors but is a property of the skin itself.
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148
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Knochel JP, Haller R, Ferguson E. Selective phosphorus deficiency in the hyperalimented hypophosphatemic dog and phosphorylation potentials in the muscle cell. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 128:323-34. [PMID: 6775508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9167-2_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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149
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Sundel M, Rhodes GB, Ferguson E. The impact of a psychiatric hospital crisis unit on admissions and use of community resources. HOSPITAL & COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRY 1978; 29:569-70. [PMID: 669605 DOI: 10.1176/ps.29.9.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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150
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Ferguson E, Vaughan A, Swale J. A modification to a method for estimating total calcium in serum, urine or heparinized plasma. Clin Chim Acta 1978; 88:189. [PMID: 679488 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(78)90169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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