Are participant characteristics from ISCOLE study sites comparable to the rest of their country?

OBJECTIVES

The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) provides robust, multi-national information on physical activity, diet and weight status in 9-11-year-old children around the world. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the similarities and differences between participant characteristics from ISCOLE sites and data from nationally representative surveys from ISCOLE countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, Kenya, India, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States).

METHODS

Distributions of characteristics were assessed within each ISCOLE country-level database, and compared with published data from national or regional surveys, where available. Variables of comparison were identified a priori and included body mass index (BMI), physical activity (accelerometer-determined steps per day) and screen time (child-report).

RESULTS

Of 12 countries, data on weight status (BMI) were available in 8 countries, data on measured physical activity (steps per day) were available in 5 countries and data on self-reported screen time were available in 9 countries. The five ISCOLE countries that were part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey (that is, Canada, Finland, Portugal, the United Kingdom (England) and the United States) also provided comparable data on self-reported physical activity. Available country-specific data often used different measurement tools or cut-points, making direct comparisons difficult. Where possible, ISCOLE data were re-analyzed to match country-level data, but this step limited between-country comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS

From the analyses performed, the ISCOLE data do not seem to be systematically biased; however, owing to limitations in data availability, data from ISCOLE should be used with appropriate caution when planning country-level population health interventions. This work highlights the need for harmonized measurement tools around the world while accounting for culturally specific characteristics, and the need for collaboration across study centers and research groups.

CMOS integration of inkjet-printed graphene for humidity sensing

We report on the integration of inkjet-printed graphene with a CMOS micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) microhotplate for humidity sensing. The graphene ink is produced via ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as the stabilizer. We formulate inks with different graphene concentrations, which are then deposited through inkjet printing over predefined interdigitated gold electrodes on a CMOS microhotplate. The graphene flakes form a percolating network to render the resultant graphene-PVP thin film conductive, which varies in presence of humidity due to swelling of the hygroscopic PVP host. When the sensors are exposed to relative humidity ranging from 10-80%, we observe significant changes in resistance with increasing sensitivity from the amount of graphene in the inks. Our sensors show excellent repeatability and stability, over a period of several weeks. The location specific deposition of functional graphene ink onto a low cost CMOS platform has the potential for high volume, economic manufacturing and application as a new generation of miniature, low power humidity sensors for the internet of things.

Metabolic syndrome of weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes

AIMS

Few studies have evaluated the effect of weight change from pre-pregnancy to post-partum with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum with metabolic syndrome among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study in 1263 women with gestational diabetes mellitus at 1-5 years post-partum. Participants were divided into four groups based on their weight change from pre-pregnancy to 1-5 years post-partum: loss of ≥ 3 kg, ± 3 kg, gain of 3-7 kg and gain of ≥7 kg.

RESULTS

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.1%, 16.2%, 26.0% and 44.3% among women with weight loss ≥ 3 kg, stable weight ( ± 3 kg), weight gain 3-7 kg and weight gain ≥ 7 kg from pre-pregnancy to post-partum, respectively. The positive association between weight change and metabolic syndrome was observed among women with pre-pregnancy normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 24-27.9 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was almost similar among pre-pregnancy normal weight women with weight gain ≥ 7 kg, pre-pregnancy overweight women with stable weight ( ± 3 kg) and pre-pregnancy obese women with weight loss ≥ 3 kg from pre-pregnancy to post-partum (P = 0.62).

CONCLUSIONS

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who had large weight gain from pre-pregnancy to post-partum were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. Women who are pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and also diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy need more weight control after delivery.

Metabolic targeting of oncogene MYC by selective activation of the proton-coupled monocarboxylate family of transporters

Deregulation of the MYC oncogene produces Myc protein that regulates multiple aspects of cancer cell metabolism, contributing to the acquisition of building blocks essential for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, disabling Myc function represents an attractive therapeutic option for cancer treatment. However, pharmacological strategies capable of directly targeting Myc remain elusive. Here, we identified that 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), a drug candidate that primarily inhibits glycolysis, preferentially induced massive cell death in human cancer cells overexpressing the MYC oncogene, in vitro and in vivo, without appreciable effects on those exhibiting low MYC levels. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of glutamine metabolism synergistically potentiated the synthetic lethal targeting of MYC by 3-BrPA due in part to the metabolic disturbance caused by this combination. Mechanistically, we identified that the proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT2, which enable efficient 3-BrPA uptake by cancer cells, were selectively activated by Myc. Two regulatory mechanisms were involved: first, Myc directly activated MCT1 and MCT2 transcription by binding to specific recognition sites of both genes; second, Myc transcriptionally repressed miR29a and miR29c, resulting in enhanced expression of their target protein MCT1. Of note, expressions of MCT1 and MCT2 were each significantly elevated in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas and C-MYC-overexpressing lymphomas than in tumors without MYC overexpression, correlating with poor prognosis and unfavorable patient survival. These results identify a novel mechanism by which Myc sensitizes cells to metabolic inhibitors and validate 3-BrPA as potential Myc-selective cancer therapeutics.

An atom-scale interfacial coordination strategy to prepare hierarchically porous Fe3O4-graphene frameworks and their application in charge and size selective dye removal

A novel atom-scale interfacial coordination assisted synthesis method for the textural engineering of three-dimensional (3D) Fe3O4-graphene oxide frameworks with hierarchical macro- and meso-porous structures is developed.

Silencing NFBD1/MDC1 enhances the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE1 cells and results in tumor growth inhibition

NFBD1 functions in cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA repair following ionizing radiation (IR). In this study, we defined the NFBD1 as a tractable molecular target to radiosensitize nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Silencing NFBD1 using lentivirus-mediated shRNA-sensitized NPC cells to radiation in a dose-dependent manner, increasing apoptotic cell death, decreasing clonogenic survival and delaying DNA damage repair. Furthermore, downregulation of NFBD1 inhibited the amplification of the IR-induced DNA damage signal, and failed to accumulate and retain DNA damage-response proteins at the DNA damage sites, which leaded to defective checkpoint activation following DNA damage. We also implicated the involvement of NFBD1 in IR-induced Rad51 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit foci formation. Xenografts models in nude mice showed that silencing NFBD1 significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of IR, leading to tumor growth inhibition of the combination therapy. Our studies suggested that a combination of gene therapy and radiation therapy may be an effective strategy for human NPC treatment.

Wideband saturable absorption in few-layer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂) for Q-switching Yb-, Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers

We fabricate a free-standing molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) saturable absorber by embedding liquid-phase exfoliated few-layer MoSe2 flakes into a polymer film. The MoSe2-polymer composite is used to Q-switch fiber lasers based on ytterbium (Yb), erbium (Er) and thulium (Tm) gain fiber, producing trains of microsecond-duration pulses with kilohertz repetition rates at 1060 nm, 1566 nm and 1924 nm, respectively. Such operating wavelengths correspond to sub-bandgap saturable absorption in MoSe2, which is explained in the context of edge-states, building upon studies of other semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based saturable absorbers. Our work adds few-layer MoSe2 to the growing catalog of TMDs with remarkable optical properties, which offer new opportunities for photonic devices.

Exosomes released from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived MSCs facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis

Background

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hiPSC-MSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative for stem cell transplantation therapy. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) can play important roles in repairing injured tissues. However, to date, no reports have demonstrated the use of hiPSC-MSC-Exos in cutaneous wound healing, and little is known regarding their underlying mechanisms in tissue repair.

Methods

hiPSC-MSC-Exos were injected subcutaneously around wound sites in a rat model and the efficacy of hiPSC-MSC-Exos was assessed by measuring wound closure areas, by histological and immunofluorescence examinations. We also evaluated the in vitro effects of hiPSC-MSC-Exos on both the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by cell-counting and scratch assays, respectively. The effects of exosomes on fibroblast collagen and elastin secretion were studied in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In vitro capillary network formation was determined in tube-formation assays.

Results

Transplanting hiPSC-MSC-Exos to wound sites resulted in accelerated re-epithelialization, reduced scar widths, and the promotion of collagen maturity. Moreover, hiPSC-MSC-Exos not only promoted the generation of newly formed vessels, but also accelerated their maturation in wound sites. We found that hiPSC-MSC-Exos stimulated the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts and HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Similarly, Type I, III collagen and elastin secretion and mRNA expression by fibroblasts and tube formation by HUVECs were also increased with increasing hiPSC-MSC-Exos concentrations.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that hiPSC-MSC-Exos can facilitate cutaneous wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. These data provide the first evidence for the potential of hiPSC-MSC-Exos in treating cutaneous wounds.

Highly efficient and selective degradation of methylene blue from mixed aqueous solution by using monodisperse CuFe2O4 nanoparticles

We present the design and synthesis of a monodisperse CuFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst for selective and rapid degradation of methylene blue (MB).

Coordinated assembly of a new 3D mesoporous Fe3O4@Cu2O–graphene oxide framework as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxalines

A novel 3D mesoporous Fe₃O₄@Cu₂O–graphene oxide framework as a highly efficient and reusable catalyst was synthesized.

Tunable Q-switched fiber laser based on saturable edge-state absorption in few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)

We fabricate a few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) polymer composite saturable absorber by liquid-phase exfoliation, and use this to passively Q-switch an ytterbium-doped fiber laser, tunable from 1030 to 1070 nm. Self-starting Q-switching generates 2.88 μs pulses at 74 kHz repetition rate, with over 100 nJ pulse energy. We propose a mechanism, based on edge states within the bandgap, responsible for the wideband nonlinear optical absorption exhibited by our few-layer MoS₂ sample, despite operating at photon energies lower than the material bandgap.

Obesity index and the risk of diabetes among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes

AIMS

There is some confusion regarding which anthropometric measurement of adiposity should be used to indicate diabetes, especially for Asians. The present study was to evaluate different indicators of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference and body fat) with Type 2 diabetes risk among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional survey in 1263 women with gestational diabetes at 1-5 years after delivery. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of BMI, waist circumference and body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk.

RESULTS

BMI, waist circumference and body fat were all associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes among women with prior gestational diabetes (all P(trend) < 0.001). After adjustment for waist circumference and body fat, the positive association of BMI with Type 2 diabetes risk became non-significant and reversed. There was a significantly positive association of waist circumference with Type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for BMI, and a significantly positive association of body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk after adjustment for both BMI and waist circumference. When the joint effects were examined, the significantly positive associations of waist circumference or body fat with Type 2 diabetes risk were consistent among women with different levels of BMI, and the positive association of BMI and Type 2 diabetes risk was significant among women with gestational diabetes with a waist circumference of ≥ 50% or body fat ≥ 50%.

CONCLUSIONS

BMI, waist circumference and body fat were all associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, and waist circumference and body fat were better indicators than BMI for Type 2 diabetes risk among Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes.

Racial disparities in cardiovascular risk factor control in an underinsured population with Type 2 diabetes

AIM

To investigate the race-specific trend in attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol (7.0%), blood pressure <130/80 mmHg and LDL cholesterol <2.6mmol/l) by patients with Type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

The study sample included 14 946 African-American and 12 758 white patients who were newly diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes between 2001 and 2009 in the Louisiana State University Hospital system. The race-specific percentages of patients' attainment of American Diabetes Association goals were calculated using the baseline and follow-up measurements of HbA1c , blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol levels. Logistic regression was used to test the difference between African-American and white patients.

RESULTS

The percentage of patients who met all three American Diabetes Association goals increased from 8.2% in 2001 to 10.2% in 2009 (increased by 24.4%) in this cohort. Compared with African-American patients, white patients had better attainment of the following American Diabetes Association goals: HbA1c (61.4 vs. 55.1%), blood pressure (25.8 vs. 20.4%), LDL cholesterol (40.1 vs. 37.7%) and all three goals (7.3 vs. 5.1%). African-American and white patients generally had a better cardiovascular disease risk factor profile during follow-up when we assessed attainment of the American Diabetes Association goals by means of HbA1c , blood pressure and LDL cholesterol.

CONCLUSIONS

During 2001-2009, the present low-income cohort of people with Type 2 diabetes generally experienced improved control of cardiovascular disease risk factors. White patients had better attainment of the American Diabetes Association cardiovascular risk factor control goals than their African-American counterparts.

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Hohlmann M, Kalakhety H, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Apanasevich L, Bazterra VE, Betts RR, Bucinskaite I, Callner J, Cavanaugh R, Evdokimov O, Gauthier L, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Khalatyan S, Kurt P, Lacroix F, Moon DH, O’Brien C, Silkworth C, Strom D, Turner P, Varelas N, Akgun U, Albayrak EA, Bilki B, Clarida W, Dilsiz K, Duru F, Griffiths S, Merlo JP, Mermerkaya H, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Newsom CR, Ogul H, Onel Y, Ozok F, Sen S, Tan P, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yetkin T, Yi K, Barnett BA, Blumenfeld B, Bolognesi S, Giurgiu G, Gritsan AV, Hu G, Maksimovic P, Martin C, Swartz M, Whitbeck A, Baringer P, Bean A, Benelli G, Kenny RP, Murray M, Noonan D, Sanders S, Stringer R, Wood JS, Barfuss AF, Chakaberia I, Ivanov A, Khalil S, Makouski M, Maravin Y, Saini LK, Shrestha S, Svintradze I, Gronberg J, Lange D, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Baden A, Calvert B, Eno SC, Gomez JA, Hadley NJ, Kellogg RG, Kolberg T, Lu Y, Marionneau M, Mignerey AC, Pedro K, Peterman A, Skuja A, Temple J, Tonjes MB, Tonwar SC, Apyan A, Bauer G, Busza W, Cali IA, Chan M, Di Matteo L, Dutta V, Gomez Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Gulhan D, Kim Y, Klute M, Lai YS, Levin A, Luckey PD, Ma T, Nahn S, Paus C, Ralph D, Roland C, Roland G, Stephans GSF, Stöckli F, Sumorok K, Velicanu D, Wolf R, Wyslouch B, Yang M, Yilmaz Y, Yoon AS, Zanetti M, Zhukova V, Dahmes B, De Benedetti A, Gude A, Haupt J, Kao SC, Klapoetke K, Kubota Y, Mans J, Pastika N, Rusack R, Sasseville M, Singovsky A, Tambe N, Turkewitz J, Acosta JG, Cremaldi LM, Kroeger R, Oliveros S, Perera L, Rahmat R, Sanders DA, Summers D, Avdeeva E, Bloom K, Bose S, Claes DR, Dominguez A, Eads M, Suarez RG, Keller J, Kravchenko I, Lazo-Flores J, Malik S, Meier F, Snow GR, Dolen J, Godshalk A, Iashvili I, Jain S, Kharchilava A, Rappoccio S, Wan Z, Alverson G, Barberis E, Baumgartel D, Chasco M, Haley J, Massironi A, Nash D, Orimoto T, Trocino D, Wood D, Zhang J, Anastassov A, Hahn KA, Kubik A, Lusito L, Mucia N, Odell N, Pollack B, Pozdnyakov A, Schmitt M, Stoynev S, Sung K, Velasco M, Won S, Berry D, Brinkerhoff A, Chan KM, Hildreth M, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kolb J, Lannon K, Luo W, Lynch S, Marinelli N, Morse DM, Pearson T, Planer M, Ruchti R, Slaunwhite J, Valls N, Wayne M, Wolf M, Antonelli L, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Hill C, Hughes R, Kotov K, Ling TY, Puigh D, Rodenburg M, Smith G, Vuosalo C, Winer BL, Wolfe H, Berry E, Elmer P, Halyo V, Hebda P, Hegeman J, Hunt A, Jindal P, Koay SA, Lujan P, Marlow D, Medvedeva T, Mooney M, Olsen J, Piroué P, Quan X, Raval A, Saka H, Stickland D, Tully C, Werner JS, Zenz SC, Zuranski A, Brownson E, Lopez A, Mendez H, Vargas JER, Alagoz E, Benedetti D, Bolla G, Bortoletto D, De Mattia M, Everett A, Hu Z, Jones M, Jung K, Koybasi O, Kress M, Leonardo N, Pegna DL, Maroussov V, Merkel P, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Svyatkovskiy A, Wang F, Xie W, Xu L, Yoo HD, Zablocki J, Zheng Y, Parashar N, Adair A, Akgun B, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Li W, Michlin B, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Zabel J, Betchart B, Bodek A, Covarelli R, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Eshaq Y, Ferbel T, Garcia-Bellido A, Goldenzweig P, Han J, Harel A, Miner DC, Petrillo G, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Ciesielski R, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Lungu G, Malik S, Mesropian C, Arora S, Barker A, Chou JP, Contreras-Campana C, Contreras-Campana E, Duggan D, Ferencek D, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Lath A, Panwalkar S, Park M, Patel R, Rekovic V, Robles J, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Seitz C, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Thomassen P, Walker M, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Rose K, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Bouhali O, Eusebi R, Flanagan W, Gilmore J, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Osipenkov I, Pakhotin Y, Perloff A, Roe J, Safonov A, Sakuma T, Suarez I, Tatarinov A, Toback D, Akchurin N, Cowden C, Damgov J, Dragoiu C, Dudero PR, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Libeiro T, Volobouev I, Appelt E, Delannoy AG, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Maguire C, Melo A, Sharma M, Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Lin C, Neu C, Wood J, Gollapinni S, Harr R, Karchin PE, Kottachchi Kankanamge Don C, Lamichhane P, Sakharov A, Belknap DA, Borrello L, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Duric S, Friis E, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Hervé A, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Ojalvo I, Perry T, Pierro GA, Polese G, Ross I, Sarangi T, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J. Probing color coherence effects in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]

A study of color coherence effects in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] is presented. The data used in the analysis were collected in 2010 with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[Formula: see text]. Events are selected that contain at least three jets and where the two jets with the largest transverse momentum exhibit a back-to-back topology. The measured angular correlation between the second- and third-leading jet is shown to be sensitive to color coherence effects, and is compared to the predictions of Monte Carlo models with various implementations of color coherence. None of the models describe the data satisfactorily.

John J, Sulak L, Alimena J, Christopher G, Cutts D, Demiragli Z, Ferapontov A, Garabedian A, Heintz U, Jabeen S, Kukartsev G, Laird E, Landsberg G, Luk M, Narain M, Segala M, Sinthuprasith T, Speer T, Breedon R, Breto G, De La Barca Sanchez MC, Chauhan S, Chertok M, Conway J, Conway R, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Gardner M, Houtz R, Ko W, Kopecky A, Lander R, Miceli T, Pellett D, Ricci-Tam F, Rutherford B, Searle M, Smith J, Squires M, Tripathi M, Wilbur S, Yohay R, Andreev V, Cline D, Cousins R, Erhan S, Everaerts P, Farrell C, Felcini M, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Jarvis C, Rakness G, Schlein P, Takasugi E, Traczyk P, Valuev V, Babb J, Clare R, Ellison J, Gary JW, Hanson G, Jandir P, Liu H, Long OR, Luthra A, Nguyen H, Paramesvaran S, Sturdy J, Sumowidagdo S, Wilken R, Wimpenny S, Andrews W, Branson JG, Cerati GB, Cittolin S, Evans D, Holzner A, Kelley R, Lebourgeois M, Letts J, Macneill I, Padhi S, Palmer C, Petrucciani G, Pieri M, Sani M, Simon S, Sudano E, Tadel M, Tu Y, Vartak A, Wasserbaech S, Würthwein F, Yagil A, Yoo J, Barge D, Campagnari C, D’Alfonso M, Danielson T, Flowers K, Geffert P, George C, Golf F, Incandela J, Justus C, Kalavase P, Kovalskyi D, Krutelyov V, Lowette S, Magaña Villalba R, Mccoll N, Pavlunin V, Ribnik J, Richman J, Rossin R, Stuart D, To W, West C, Apresyan A, Bornheim A, Bunn J, Chen Y, Di Marco E, Duarte J, Kcira D, Ma Y, Mott A, Newman HB, Rogan C, Spiropulu M, Timciuc V, Veverka J, Wilkinson R, Xie S, Yang Y, Zhu RY, Azzolini V, Calamba A, Carroll R, Ferguson T, Iiyama Y, Jang DW, Liu YF, Paulini M, Russ J, Vogel H, Vorobiev I, Cumalat JP, Drell BR, Ford WT, Gaz A, Lopez EL, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Alexander J, Chatterjee A, Eggert N, Gibbons LK, Hopkins W, Khukhunaishvili A, Kreis B, Mirman N, Kaufman GN, Patterson JR, Ryd A, Salvati E, Sun W, Teo WD, Thom J, Thompson J, Tucker J, Weng Y, Winstrom L, Wittich P, Winn D, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Anderson J, Apollinari G, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Burkett K, Butler JN, Chetluru V, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Cihangir S, Elvira VD, Fisk I, Freeman J, Gao Y, Gottschalk E, Gray L, Green D, Gutsche O, Hare D, Harris RM, Hirschauer J, Hooberman B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Kaadze K, Klima B, Kunori S, Kwan S, Linacre J, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Marraffino JM, Outschoorn VIM, Maruyama S, Mason D, McBride P, Mishra K, Mrenna S, Musienko Y, Newman-Holmes C, O’Dell V, Prokofyev O, Ratnikova N, Sexton-Kennedy E, Sharma S, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Vidal R, Whitmore J, Wu W, Yang F, Yun JC, Acosta D, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Chen M, Cheng T, Das S, De Gruttola M, Di Giovanni GP, Dobur D, Drozdetskiy A, Field RD, Fisher M, Fu Y, Furic IK, Hugon J, Kim B, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kropivnitskaya A, Kypreos T, Low JF, Matchev K, Milenovic P, Mitselmakher G, Muniz L, Remington R, Rinkevicius A, Skhirtladze N, Snowball M, Yelton J, Zakaria M, Gaultney V, Hewamanage S, Linn S, Markowitz P, Martinez G, Rodriguez JL, Adams T, Askew A, Bochenek J, Chen J, Diamond B, Gleyzer SV, Haas J, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Prosper H, Veeraraghavan V, Weinberg M, Baarmand MM, Dorney B, Hohlmann M, Kalakhety H, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Apanasevich L, Bazterra VE, Betts RR, Bucinskaite I, Callner J, Cavanaugh R, Evdokimov O, Gauthier L, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Khalatyan S, Kurt P, Lacroix F, Moon DH, O’Brien C, Silkworth C, Strom D, Turner P, Varelas N, Akgun U, Albayrak EA, Bilki B, Clarida W, Dilsiz K, Duru F, Griffiths S, Merlo JP, Mermerkaya H, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Newsom CR, Ogul H, Onel Y, Ozok F, Sen S, Tan P, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yetkin T, Yi K, Barnett BA, Blumenfeld B, Bolognesi S, Giurgiu G, Gritsan AV, Hu G, Maksimovic P, Martin C, Swartz M, Whitbeck A, Baringer P, Bean A, Benelli G, Kenny RP, Murray M, Noonan D, Sanders S, Stringer R, Wood JS, Barfuss AF, Chakaberia I, Ivanov A, Khalil S, Makouski M, Maravin Y, Shrestha S, Svintradze I, Gronberg J, Lange D, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Baden A, Calvert B, Eno SC, Gomez JA, Hadley NJ, Kellogg RG, Kolberg T, Lu Y, Marionneau M, Mignerey AC, Pedro K, Peterman A, Skuja A, Temple J, Tonjes MB, Tonwar SC, Apyan A, Bauer G, Busza W, Cali IA, Chan M, Di Matteo L, Dutta V, Gomez Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Gulhan D, Kim Y, Klute M, Lai YS, Levin A, Luckey PD, Ma T, Nahn S, Paus C, Ralph D, Roland C, Roland G, Stephans GSF, Stöckli F, Sumorok K, Velicanu D, Wolf R, Wyslouch B, Yang M, Yilmaz Y, Yoon AS, Zanetti M, Zhukova V, Dahmes B, De Benedetti A, Franzoni G, Gude A, Haupt J, Kao SC, Klapoetke K, Kubota Y, Mans J, Pastika N, Rusack R, Sasseville M, Singovsky A, Tambe N, Turkewitz J, Acosta JG, Cremaldi LM, Kroeger R, Oliveros S, Perera L, Rahmat R, Sanders DA, Summers D, Avdeeva E, Bloom K, Bose S, Claes DR, Dominguez A, Eads M, Suarez RG, Keller J, Kravchenko I, Lazo-Flores J, Malik S, Meier F, Snow GR, Dolen J, Godshalk A, Iashvili I, Jain S, Kharchilava A, Kumar A, Rappoccio S, Wan Z, Alverson G, Barberis E, Baumgartel D, Chasco M, Haley J, Massironi A, Nash D, Orimoto T, Trocino D, Wood D, Zhang J, Anastassov A, Hahn KA, Kubik A, Lusito L, Mucia N, Odell N, Pollack B, Pozdnyakov A, Schmitt M, Stoynev S, Sung K, Velasco M, Won S, Berry D, Brinkerhoff A, Chan KM, Hildreth M, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kolb J, Lannon K, Luo W, Lynch S, Marinelli N, Morse DM, Pearson T, Planer M, Ruchti R, Slaunwhite J, Valls N, Wayne M, Wolf M, Antonelli L, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Hill C, Hughes R, Kotov K, Ling TY, Puigh D, Rodenburg M, Smith G, Vuosalo C, Winer BL, Wolfe H, Berry E, Elmer P, Halyo V, Hebda P, Hegeman J, Hunt A, Jindal P, Koay SA, Lujan P, Marlow D, Medvedeva T, Mooney M, Olsen J, Piroué P, Quan X, Raval A, Saka H, Stickland D, Tully C, Werner JS, Zenz SC, Zuranski A, Brownson E, Lopez A, Mendez H, Ramirez Vargas JE, Alagoz E, Benedetti D, Bolla G, Bortoletto D, De Mattia M, Everett A, Hu Z, Jones M, Jung K, Koybasi O, Kress M, Leonardo N, Lopes Pegna D, Maroussov V, Merkel P, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Svyatkovskiy A, Vidal Marono M, Wang F, Xie W, Xu L, Yoo HD, Zablocki J, Zheng Y, Guragain S, Parashar N, Adair A, Akgun B, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Zabel J, Betchart B, Bodek A, Covarelli R, de Barbaro P, Demina R, Eshaq Y, Ferbel T, Garcia-Bellido A, Goldenzweig P, Han J, Harel A, Miner DC, Petrillo G, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Ciesielski R, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Lungu G, Malik S, Mesropian C, Arora S, Barker A, Chou JP, Contreras-Campana C, Contreras-Campana E, Duggan D, Ferencek D, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Lath A, Panwalkar S, Park M, Patel R, Rekovic V, Robles J, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Seitz C, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Thomassen P, Walker M, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Rose K, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Bouhali O, Eusebi R, Flanagan W, Gilmore J, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Osipenkov I, Pakhotin Y, Perloff A, Roe J, Safonov A, Sakuma T, Suarez I, Tatarinov A, Toback D, Akchurin N, Cowden C, Damgov J, Dragoiu C, Dudero PR, Jeong C, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Libeiro T, Volobouev I, Appelt E, Delannoy AG, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Maguire C, Melo A, Sharma M, Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Lin C, Neu C, Wood J, Gollapinni S, Harr R, Karchin PE, Don CKK, Lamichhane P, Sakharov A, Belknap DA, Borrello L, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Friis E, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Hervé A, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Mozer MU, Ojalvo I, Pierro GA, Polese G, Ross I, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J. Study of the production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pPb collisions at [Formula: see text]5.02[Formula: see text]

Spectra of identified charged hadrons are measured in pPb collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at [Formula: see text]. Charged pions, kaons, and protons in the transverse-momentum range [Formula: see text]-1.7[Formula: see text] and laboratory rapidity [Formula: see text] are identified via their energy loss in the silicon tracker. The average [Formula: see text] increases with particle mass and the charged multiplicity of the event. The increase of the average [Formula: see text] with charged multiplicity is greater for heavier hadrons. Comparisons to Monte Carlo event generators reveal that Epos Lhc, which incorporates additional hydrodynamic evolution of the created system, is able to reproduce most of the data features, unlike Hijing and Ampt. The [Formula: see text] spectra and integrated yields are also compared to those measured in pp and PbPb collisions at various energies. The average transverse momentum and particle ratio measurements indicate that particle production at LHC energies is strongly correlated with event particle multiplicity.

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathways in inflammatory airway diseases

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been reported being involved in the remodeling and immunosuppression processes of inflammatory airway diseases; understanding the regulation of TGF-β1 is therefore a key to unravel the pathomechanisms of these diseases. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on the influencing factors for driving TGF-β1 and its regulatory pathways in inflammatory airway diseases and discusses possible therapeutic approaches to TGF-β1 control. The factors include smoking and oxidative stress, prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LTs), bradykinin (BK), and microRNAs (miRs). Based on the summary, new innovative treatment strategies may be developed for inflammatory airway diseases with an impaired expression of TGF-β1.

Expression of recombinant proteins in insect cells by their direct infection with Escherichia coli transformed with baculovirus bacmids

The baculovirus-insect cell expression system (BES), one of the most popular systems for expression of eukaryotic proteins, was known to have drawbacks such as laborious manipulation of large-size baculovirus bacmids and the transfection procedure. These problems could be eliminated by direct infection of eukaryotic cells with nonpathogenic bacteria harbouring the respective gene - bactofection. However, it was unknown whether this system could be applied to insect cells. Therefore, in this study, the possibility of delivery of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene as a marker into the insect cell lines Sf9 and BmN-SWU1 using the above-mentioned approach with the Bac-to-Bac system was investigated. Using a simple co-incubation of Escherichia coli strains containing recombinant baculovirus bacmids with the EGFP gene and insect cells, it was possible to demonstrate the EGFP expression in these cells and to obtain high-titer recombinant baculoviral stocks. Furthermore, BmN-SWU1 cells proved more susceptible to the used E. coli strains than Sf9 cells. However, the co-expression of invasin and listeriolysin-O, known to enhance the E. coli-mediated gene delivery to mammalian cells, with EGFP, had no effect on insect cells. Summing up, this study proved that a heterologous gene can be efficiently delivered and expressed in insect cells by their simple incubation with non-pathogenic E. coli strains harboring recombinant baculovirus bacmids with the respective gene.

Connexins and cyclooxygenase-2 crosstalk in the expression of radiation-induced bystander effects

Background:

Signalling events mediated by connexins and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have important roles in bystander effects induced by ionising radiation. However, whether these proteins mediate bystander effects independently or cooperatively has not been investigated.

Methods:

Bystander normal human fibroblasts were cocultured with irradiated adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in which specific connexins (Cx) are expressed in the absence of endogenous Cx, before and after COX-2 knockdown, to investigate DNA damage in bystander cells and their progeny.

Results:

Inducible expression of gap junctions composed of connexin26 (Cx26) in irradiated HeLa cells enhanced the induction of micronuclei in bystander cells (P<0.01) and reduced the coculture time necessary for manifestation of the effect. In contrast, expression of connexin32 (Cx32) conferred protective effects. COX-2 knockdown in irradiated HeLa Cx26 cells attenuated the bystander response due to connexin expression. However, COX-2 knockdown resulted in enhanced micronucleus formation in the progeny of the bystander cells (P<0.001). COX-2 knockdown delayed junctional communication in HeLa Cx26 cells, and reduced, in the plasma membrane, the physical interaction of Cx26 with MAPKKK, a controller of the MAPK pathway that regulates COX-2 and connexin.

Conclusions:

Junctional communication and COX-2 cooperatively mediate the propagation of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. Characterising the mediating events affected by both mechanisms may lead to new approaches that mitigate secondary debilitating effects of cancer radiotherapy.

Measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV

A measurement of total and fiducial inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV is presented. Electron and muon final states are analyzed in a data sample collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.2 ± 0.5 pb(-1). The measured total inclusive cross sections times branching fractions are σ(pp → WX)×B(W → ℓν) = 12.21 ± 0.03(stat) ± 0.24(syst) ± 0.32(lum) nb and σ(pp → ZX) × B(Z → ℓ+ℓ-) = 1.15 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.02(syst) ± 0.03(lum) nb for the dilepton mass in the range of 60-120 GeV. The measured values agree with next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD cross section calculations. Ratios of cross sections are reported with a precision of 2%. This is the first measurement of inclusive W and Z boson production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 8 TeV.

John J, Sulak L, Alimena J, Bhattacharya S, Christopher G, Cutts D, Demiragli Z, Ferapontov A, Garabedian A, Heintz U, Jabeen S, Kukartsev G, Laird E, Landsberg G, Luk M, Narain M, Segala M, Sinthuprasith T, Speer T, Breedon R, Breto G, Calderon De La Barca Sanchez M, Chauhan S, Chertok M, Conway J, Conway R, Cox PT, Erbacher R, Gardner M, Houtz R, Ko W, Kopecky A, Lander R, Mall O, Miceli T, Nelson R, Pellett D, Ricci-Tam F, Rutherford B, Searle M, Smith J, Squires M, Tripathi M, Wilbur S, Yohay R, Andreev V, Cline D, Cousins R, Erhan S, Everaerts P, Farrell C, Felcini M, Hauser J, Ignatenko M, Jarvis C, Rakness G, Schlein P, Takasugi E, Traczyk P, Valuev V, Weber M, Babb J, Clare R, Dinardo ME, Ellison J, Gary JW, Hanson G, Liu H, Long OR, Luthra A, Nguyen H, Paramesvaran S, Sturdy J, Sumowidagdo S, Wilken R, Wimpenny S, Andrews W, Branson JG, Cerati GB, Cittolin S, Evans D, Holzner A, Kelley R, Lebourgeois M, Letts J, Macneill I, Mangano B, Padhi S, Palmer C, Petrucciani G, Pieri M, Sani M, Sharma V, Simon S, Sudano E, Tadel M, Tu Y, Vartak A, Wasserbaech S, Würthwein F, Yagil A, Yoo J, Barge D, Bellan R, Campagnari C, D’Alfonso M, Danielson T, Flowers K, Geffert P, George C, Golf F, Incandela J, Justus C, Kalavase P, Kovalskyi D, Krutelyov V, Lowette S, naVillalba RM, Mccoll N, Pavlunin V, Ribnik J, Richman J, Rossin R, Stuart D, To W, West C, Apresyan A, Bornheim A, Bunn J, Chen Y, Di Marco E, Duarte J, Kcira D, Ma Y, Mott A, Newman HB, Rogan C, Spiropulu M, Timciuc V, Veverka J, Wilkinson R, Xie S, Yang Y, Zhu RY, Azzolini V, Calamba A, Carroll R, Ferguson T, Iiyama Y, Jang DW, Liu YF, Paulini M, Russ J, Vogel H, Vorobiev I, Cumalat JP, Drell BR, Ford WT, Gaz A, Luiggi Lopez E, Nauenberg U, Smith JG, Stenson K, Ulmer KA, Wagner SR, Alexander J, Chatterjee A, Eggert N, Gibbons LK, Hopkins W, Khukhunaishvili A, Kreis B, Mirman N, Nicolas Kaufman G, Patterson JR, Ryd A, Salvati E, Sun W, Teo WD, Thom J, Thompson J, Tucker J, Weng Y, Winstrom L, Wittich P, Winn D, Abdullin S, Albrow M, Anderson J, Apollinari G, Bauerdick LAT, Beretvas A, Berryhill J, Bhat PC, Burkett K, Butler JN, Chetluru V, Cheung HWK, Chlebana F, Cihangir S, Elvira VD, Fisk I, Freeman J, Gao Y, Gottschalk E, Gray L, Green D, Gutsche O, Hare D, Harris RM, Hirschauer J, Hooberman B, Jindariani S, Johnson M, Joshi U, Klima B, Kunori S, Kwan S, Leonidopoulos C, Linacre J, Lincoln D, Lipton R, Lykken J, Maeshima K, Marraffino JM, Martinez Outschoorn VI, Maruyama S, Mason D, McBride P, Mishra K, Mrenna S, Musienko Y, Newman-Holmes C, O’Dell V, Prokofyev O, Ratnikova N, Sexton-Kennedy E, Sharma S, Spalding WJ, Spiegel L, Taylor L, Tkaczyk S, Tran NV, Uplegger L, Vaandering EW, Vidal R, Whitmore J, Wu W, Yang F, Yun JC, Acosta D, Avery P, Bourilkov D, Chen M, Cheng T, Das S, De Gruttola M, Di Giovanni GP, Dobur D, Drozdetskiy A, Field RD, Fisher M, Fu Y, Furic IK, Hugon J, Kim B, Konigsberg J, Korytov A, Kropivnitskaya A, Kypreos T, Low JF, Matchev K, Milenovic P, Mitselmakher G, Muniz L, Remington R, Rinkevicius A, Skhirtladze N, Snowball M, Yelton J, Zakaria M, Gaultney V, Hewamanage S, Lebolo LM, Linn S, Markowitz P, Martinez G, Rodriguez JL, Adams T, Askew A, Bochenek J, Chen J, Diamond B, Gleyzer SV, Haas J, Hagopian S, Hagopian V, Johnson KF, Prosper H, Veeraraghavan V, Weinberg M, Baarmand MM, Dorney B, Hohlmann M, Kalakhety H, Yumiceva F, Adams MR, Apanasevich L, Bazterra VE, Betts RR, Bucinskaite I, Callner J, Cavanaugh R, Evdokimov O, Gauthier L, Gerber CE, Hofman DJ, Khalatyan S, Kurt P, Lacroix F, Moon DH, O’Brien C, Silkworth C, Strom D, Turner P, Varelas N, Akgun U, Albayrak EA, Bilki B, Clarida W, Dilsiz K, Duru F, Griffiths S, Merlo JP, Mermerkaya H, Mestvirishvili A, Moeller A, Nachtman J, Newsom CR, Ogul H, Onel Y, Ozok F, Sen S, Tan P, Tiras E, Wetzel J, Yetkin T, Yi K, Barnett BA, Blumenfeld B, Bolognesi S, Fehling D, Giurgiu G, Gritsan AV, Guo ZJ, Hu G, Maksimovic P, Swartz M, Whitbeck A, Baringer P, Bean A, Benelli G, Kenny III RP, Murray M, Noonan D, Sanders S, Stringer R, Wood JS, Barfuss AF, Chakaberia I, Ivanov A, Khalil S, Makouski M, Maravin Y, Shrestha S, Svintradze I, Gronberg J, Lange D, Rebassoo F, Wright D, Baden A, Calvert B, Eno SC, Gomez JA, Hadley NJ, Kellogg RG, Kolberg T, Lu Y, Marionneau M, Mignerey AC, Pedro K, Peterman A, Skuja A, Temple J, Tonjes MB, Tonwar SC, Apyan A, Bauer G, Busza W, Butz E, Cali IA, Chan M, Dutta V, Gomez Ceballos G, Goncharov M, Kim Y, Klute M, Lai YS, Levin A, Luckey PD, Ma T, Nahn S, Paus C, Ralph D, Roland C, Roland G, Stephans GSF, Stöckli F, Sumorok K, Sung K, Velicanu D, Wolf R, Wyslouch B, Yang M, Yilmaz Y, Yoon AS, Zanetti M, Zhukova V, Dahmes B, De Benedetti A, Franzoni G, Gude A, Haupt J, Kao SC, Klapoetke K, Kubota Y, Mans J, Pastika N, Rusack R, Sasseville M, Singovsky A, Tambe N, Turkewitz J, Cremaldi LM, Kroeger R, Perera L, Rahmat R, Sanders DA, Summers D, Avdeeva E, Bloom K, Bose S, Claes DR, Dominguez A, Eads M, Gonzalez Suarez R, Keller J, Kravchenko I, Lazo-Flores J, Malik S, Meier F, Snow GR, Dolen J, Godshalk A, Iashvili I, Jain S, Kharchilava A, Kumar A, Rappoccio S, Wan Z, Alverson G, Barberis E, Baumgartel D, Chasco M, Haley J, Massironi A, Nash D, Orimoto T, Trocino D, Wood D, Zhang J, Anastassov A, Hahn KA, Kubik A, Lusito L, Mucia N, Odell N, Pollack B, Pozdnyakov A, Schmitt M, Stoynev S, Velasco M, Won S, Berry D, Brinkerhoff A, Chan KM, Hildreth M, Jessop C, Karmgard DJ, Kolb J, Lannon K, Luo W, Lynch S, Marinelli N, Morse DM, Pearson T, Planer M, Ruchti R, Slaunwhite J, Valls N, Wayne M, Wolf M, Antonelli L, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Hill C, Hughes R, Kotov K, Ling TY, Puigh D, Rodenburg M, Smith G, Vuosalo C, Williams G, Winer BL, Wolfe H, Berry E, Elmer P, Halyo V, Hebda P, Hegeman J, Hunt A, Jindal P, Koay SA, Lopes Pegna D, Lujan P, Marlow D, Medvedeva T, Mooney M, Olsen J, Piroué P, Quan X, Raval A, Saka H, Stickland D, Tully C, Werner JS, Zenz SC, Zuranski A, Brownson E, Lopez A, Mendez H, Ramirez Vargas JE, Alagoz E, Benedetti D, Bolla G, Bortoletto D, De Mattia M, Everett A, Hu Z, Jones M, Jung K, Koybasi O, Kress M, Leonardo N, Maroussov V, Merkel P, Miller DH, Neumeister N, Shipsey I, Silvers D, Svyatkovskiy A, Vidal Marono M, Wang F, Xu L, Yoo HD, Zablocki J, Zheng Y, Guragain S, Parashar N, Adair A, Akgun B, Ecklund KM, Geurts FJM, Li W, Padley BP, Redjimi R, Roberts J, Zabel J, Betchart B, Bodek A, Covarelli R, De Barbaro P, Demina R, Eshaq Y, Ferbel T, Garcia-Bellido A, Goldenzweig P, Han J, Harel A, Miner DC, Petrillo G, Vishnevskiy D, Zielinski M, Bhatti A, Ciesielski R, Demortier L, Goulianos K, Lungu G, Malik S, Mesropian C, Arora S, Barker A, Chou JP, Contreras-Campana C, Contreras-Campana E, Duggan D, Ferencek D, Gershtein Y, Gray R, Halkiadakis E, Hidas D, Lath A, Panwalkar S, Park M, Patel R, Rekovic V, Robles J, Rose K, Salur S, Schnetzer S, Seitz C, Somalwar S, Stone R, Thomas S, Walker M, Cerizza G, Hollingsworth M, Spanier S, Yang ZC, York A, Bouhali O, Eusebi R, Flanagan W, Gilmore J, Kamon T, Khotilovich V, Montalvo R, Osipenkov I, Pakhotin Y, Perloff A, Roe J, Safonov A, Sakuma T, Suarez I, Tatarinov A, Toback D, Akchurin N, Damgov J, Dragoiu C, Dudero PR, Jeong C, Kovitanggoon K, Lee SW, Libeiro T, Volobouev I, Appelt E, Delannoy AG, Greene S, Gurrola A, Johns W, Maguire C, Mao Y, Melo A, Sharma M, Sheldon P, Snook B, Tuo S, Velkovska J, Arenton MW, Boutle S, Cox B, Francis B, Goodell J, Hirosky R, Ledovskoy A, Lin C, Neu C, Wood J, Gollapinni S, Harr R, Karchin PE, Kottachchi Kankanamge Don C, Lamichhane P, Sakharov A, Anderson M, Belknap DA, Borrello L, Carlsmith D, Cepeda M, Dasu S, Friis E, Grogg KS, Grothe M, Hall-Wilton R, Herndon M, Hervé A, Kaadze K, Klabbers P, Klukas J, Lanaro A, Lazaridis C, Loveless R, Mohapatra A, Mozer MU, Ojalvo I, Pierro GA, Ross I, Savin A, Smith WH, Swanson J. Measurement of the top-quark mass in all-jets [Formula: see text] events in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV

The mass of the top quark is measured using a sample of [Formula: see text] candidate events with at least six jets in the final state. The sample is selected from data collected with the CMS detector in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.54 [Formula: see text]. The mass is reconstructed for each event employing a kinematic fit of the jets to a [Formula: see text] hypothesis. The top-quark mass is measured to be [Formula: see text] GeV. A combination with previously published measurements in other decay modes by CMS yields a mass of [Formula: see text] GeV.

TAp63 suppress metastasis via miR-133b in colon cancer cells

BACKGROUND

TAp63 is a tumour-suppressor protein that is often underexpressed in various types of cancer. It has been shown to activate gene transcription depending on the transcription domain and to be closely related with metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that TAp63 suppresses metastasis in colon cancer cells through microRNA-133b.

METHODS

We evaluated the correlation of TAp63 and miR-133b with HT-29 and SW-620 cells and investigated the roles of TAp63 in the expression of RhoA, E-cadherin and vimentin. We further investigated the roles of TAp63-mediated invasion and migration of colon cancer cells.

RESULTS

TAp63 expression is downregulated in colon cancer, and microRNA-133b is a transcriptional target of TAp63. Furthermore, microRNA-133b is essential for the inhibitory effects of TAp63 on RhoA, E-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, TAp63 inhibits cell migration and invasion through microRNA-133b. Correspondingly, the inhibitory effect of TAp63 on RhoA, E-cadherin, vimentin, migration and invasion can be blocked by the microRNA-133b inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONS

TAp63 and microRNA-133b were able to suppress the metastasis of colon cancer. Both TAp63 and microRNA-133b may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis in colon cancer metastasis and may provide unique therapeutic targets for this common malignancy.

Jet and underlying event properties as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text]

Characteristics of multi-particle production in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, Nch. The produced particles are separated into two classes: those belonging to jets and those belonging to the underlying event. Charged particles are measured with pseudorapidity |η|<2.4 and transverse momentum pT>0.25 GeV/c. Jets are reconstructed from charged-particles only and required to have pT>5 GeV/c. The distributions of jet pT, average pT of charged particles belonging to the underlying event or to jets, jet rates, and jet shapes are presented as functions of Nch and compared to the predictions of the pythia and herwig event generators. Predictions without multi-parton interactions fail completely to describe the Nch-dependence observed in the data. For increasing Nch, pythia systematically predicts higher jet rates and harder pT spectra than seen in the data, whereas herwig shows the opposite trends. At the highest multiplicity, the data-model agreement is worse for most observables, indicating the need for further tuning and/or new model ingredients.

Iptakalim attenuates self-administration and acquired goal-tracking behavior controlled by nicotine

Iptakalim is an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, as well as an α4β2-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist. Pretreatment with iptakalim diminishes nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) and glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens. This neuropharmacological profile suggests that iptakalim may be useful for treatment of nicotine dependence. Thus, we examined the effects of iptakalim in two preclinical models. First, the impact of iptakalim on the interoceptive stimulus effect of nicotine was evaluated by training rats in a discriminated goal-tracking task that included intermixed nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) and saline sessions. Sucrose was intermittently presented in a response-independent manner only on nicotine sessions. On intervening test days, rats were pretreated with iptakalim (10, 30, 60 mg/kg, IP). Results revealed that iptakalim attenuated nicotine-evoked responding controlled by the nicotine stimulus in a dose-dependent manner. In a separate study, the impact of iptakalim on the reinforcing effects of nicotine was investigated by training rats to lever-press to self-administer nicotine (0.01 mg/kg/infusion) [Dosage error corrected]. Results revealed that pretreatment with iptakalim (1, 3, 6 mg/kg, IV) decreased nicotine intake (i.e., less active lever responding). Neither behavioral effect was due to a non-specific motor effect of iptakalim, nor to an ability of iptakalim to inhibit DA transporter (DAT) or serotonin transporter (SERT) function. Together, these finding support the notion that iptakalim may be an effective pharmacotherapy for increasing smoking cessation and a better understanding of its action could contribute to medication development.

Histological characteristics of induced membranes in subcutaneous, intramuscular sites and bone defect

BACKGROUND

The induced membrane technique was proposed as a treatment of large segmental bone defects. The influence of the surrounding tissues on its characteristics remains unknown. It is therefore not known which kind of plastic surgery procedure (muscular or facio-cutaneous flap) would optimize bone osteointegration within a bone defect reconstructed using the induced-membrane technique.

HYPOTHESIS

We hypothesized that membrane characteristics could be influenced by the soft-tissue environment either subcutaneous or muscular.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the histological characteristics of poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) induced membranes in intramuscular, subcutaneous and bony environment (radius defects) at 2 steps: spacer implantation; secondary bone graft and its subsequent osteintegration after spacer removal.

METHODS

PMMA-induced membranes were obtained in the three sites of 15 rabbits. Subsequent new bone formation was studied in the same environments in 24 other rabbits. Six weeks after the initial implantation, PMMA spacers were replaced with iliac autografts. Animals were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Tissue samples were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histological characteristics of the membrane (thickness and microvessel density) and the newly-formed bone (cortical thickness) were quantitatively analyzed.

RESULTS

The membranes in the subcutaneous sites developed quicker, were thicker and had the lowest microvessel density (P<0.01). The membranes in the intramuscular sites developed later and were thinner (P<0.01). The membranes in the osseous defects had the greatest microvessel density (P<0.01). After bone grafting, induced membranes became thinner and their microvessel density decreased substantially, but maintained better in osseous site. The newly-formed bone that developed in the radius defects, had the thickest cortices (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The evolution of membranes induced in the intramuscular and subcutaneous environments was close to that of the bone defect model, although bone formation appeared weaker.

Search for top squarks in R-parity-violating supersymmetry using three or more leptons and b-tagged jets

A search for anomalous production of events with three or more isolated leptons and bottom-quark jets produced in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV is presented. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2012. No excess above the standard model expectations is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of supersymmetric models with signatures that have low missing transverse energy arising from light top-squark pair production with R-parity-violating decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle. In two models with different R-parity-violating couplings, top squarks are excluded below masses of 1020 GeV and 820 GeV when the lightest supersymmetric particle has a mass of 200 GeV.

Searches for new physics using the tt¯ invariant mass distribution in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

Searches for anomalous top quark-antiquark production are presented, based on pp collisions at √s=8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1), were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The observed tt¯ invariant mass spectrum is found to be compatible with the standard model prediction. Limits on the production cross section times branching fraction probe, for the first time, a region of parameter space for certain models of new physics not yet constrained by precision measurements.

Search for supersymmetry in hadronic final states with missing transverse energy using the variables αT and b-quark multiplicity in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]

An inclusive search for supersymmetric processes that produce final states with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 11.7 fb-1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In this search, a dimensionless kinematic variable, αT, is used to discriminate between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. The search is based on an examination of the number of reconstructed jets per event, the scalar sum of transverse energies of these jets, and the number of these jets identified as originating from bottom quarks. No significant excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits are set in the parameter space of simplified models, with a special emphasis on both compressed-spectrum scenarios and direct or gluino-induced production of third-generation squarks. For the case of gluino-mediated squark production, gluino masses up to 950-1125 GeV are excluded depending on the assumed model. For the direct pair-production of squarks, masses up to 450 GeV are excluded for a single light first- or second-generation squark, increasing to 600 GeV for bottom squarks.

Guided bone regeneration using acellular bovine pericardium in a rabbit mandibular model: in-vitro and in-vivo studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To investigate the feasibility of acellular bovine pericardium (BP) for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in vitro and in vivo. The success of GBR relies on the fact that various cellular components possess different migration rates into the defect site and that a barrier membrane plays a significant role in these processes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

BP membrane was isolated and decellularized using an enzymatic method. The microarchitecture, mechanical properties, cytotoxicity and cell chemotaxis properties of the acellular BP were evaluated in vitro, and the in-vivo efficacy of the acellular BP was also investigated in a rabbit mandibular model.

RESULTS

The acellular BP membrane possessed an interconnected fibrous structure. Glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment was efficient for enhancement of the mechanical properties of the acellular BP bur and resulted in negligible cytotoxicity. After 16 wk, standardized osseous defects created in the rabbit mandible, and covered with acellular BP, were associated with an enhanced deposition of mineralized tissue when compared with defects left to spontaneous healing.

CONCLUSION

GA-treated acellular BP is promising as a barrier membrane for GBR for further in-vivo and clinical studies.

Measurement of the Bs(0)→μ+ μ- branching fraction and search for B(0)→μ+ μ- with the CMS experiment

Results are presented from a search for the rare decays Bs(0)→μ+ μ- and B(0)→μ+ μ- in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 and 8 TeV, with data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5 and 20  fb(-1), respectively, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. An unbinned maximum-likelihood fit to the dimuon invariant mass distribution gives a branching fraction B(Bs(0)→μ+ μ-)=(3.0(-0.9)(+1.0))×10(-9), where the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic contributions. An excess of Bs(0)→μ+ μ- events with respect to background is observed with a significance of 4.3 standard deviations. For the decay B(0)→μ+ μ- an upper limit of B(B(0)→μ+ μ-)<1.1×10(-9) at the 95% confidence level is determined. Both results are in agreement with the expectations from the standard model.

Epigenetic mechanisms of protein tyrosine phosphatase 6 suppression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: implications for epigenetic therapy

Protein tyrosine phosphatases such as PTPN6 can be downregulated in various neoplasms. PTPN6 expression by immunohistochemistry in 40 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumors was lost or suppressed in 53% (21/40). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PTPN6 suppression, we performed a comprehensive epigenetic analysis of PTPN6 promoter 2 (P2). None of the DLBCL primary tumors (0/37) had PTPN6 hypermethylation on the CpG1 island using methylation-specific PCR, pyrosequencing, and high-resolution melting assays. However, hypermethylation in 57% (21/37) of cases was found in a novel CpG island (CpG2) in P2. PTPN6 gene suppression was reversed by 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) LBH589. LBH589 and 5-Aza in combination inhibited DLBCL survival and PTPN6 hypermethylation at CpG2. The role of histone modifications was investigated with a chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrating that PTPN6 P2 is associated with silencing histone marks H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 in DLBCL cells but not normal B cells. 3-Deazaneplanocin A, a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, decreased the H3K27me3 mark, whereas HDACi LBH589 increased the H3K9Ac mark within P2 resulting in re-expression of PTPN6. These studies have uncovered novel epigenetic mechanisms of PTPN6 suppression and suggest that PTPN6 may be a potential target of epigenetic therapy in DLBCL.

Inclusive search for supersymmetry using razor variables in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

An inclusive search is presented for new heavy particle pairs produced in √s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC using 4.7±0.1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The selected events are analyzed in the 2D razor space of M(R), an event-by-event indicator of the heavy particle mass scale, and R, a dimensionless variable related to the missing transverse energy. The third-generation sector is probed using the event heavy-flavor content. The search is sensitive to generic supersymmetry models with minimal assumptions about the superpartner decay chains. No excess is observed in the number of events beyond that predicted by the standard model. Exclusion limits are derived in the CMSSM framework as well as for simplified models. Within the CMSSM parameter space considered, gluino masses up to 800 GeV and squark masses up to 1.35 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level depending on the model parameters. The direct production of pairs of top or bottom squarks is excluded for masses as high as 400 GeV.

Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with τ leptons, jets, and large transverse momentum imbalance in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]

A search for physics beyond the standard model is performed with events having one or more hadronically decaying τ leptons, highly energetic jets, and large transverse momentum imbalance. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011. The number of observed events is consistent with predictions for standard model processes. Lower limits on the mass of the gluino in supersymmetric models are determined.

Measurement of masses in the [Formula: see text] system by kinematic endpoints in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]

A simultaneous measurement of the top-quark, W-boson, and neutrino masses is reported for [Formula: see text] events selected in the dilepton final state from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1 collected by the CMS experiment in pp collisions at [Formula: see text]. The analysis is based on endpoint determinations in kinematic distributions. When the neutrino and W-boson masses are constrained to their world-average values, a top-quark mass value of [Formula: see text] is obtained. When such constraints are not used, the three particle masses are obtained in a simultaneous fit. In this unconstrained mode the study serves as a test of mass determination methods that may be used in beyond standard model physics scenarios where several masses in a decay chain may be unknown and undetected particles lead to underconstrained kinematics.

Search for a standard-model-like Higgs boson with a mass in the range 145 to 1000 GeV at the LHC

A search for a standard-model-like Higgs boson in the H→WW and H→ZZ decay channels is reported, for Higgs boson masses in the range 145 Collapse

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Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum

Results are reported from a search for new physics processes in events containing a single isolated high-transverse-momentum lepton (electron or muon), energetic jets, and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a 4.98 fb-1 sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, obtained with the CMS detector at the LHC. Three separate background estimation methods, each relying primarily on control samples in the data, are applied to a range of signal regions, providing complementary approaches for estimating the background yields. The observed yields are consistent with the predicted standard model backgrounds. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the parameter space for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model, as well as on cross sections for simplified models, which provide a generic description of the production and decay of new particles in specific, topology based final states.

ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

The online version of this article (doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2404-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

IL-6 receptor antagonist as adjunctive therapy with clotting factor replacement to protect against bleeding-induced arthropathy in hemophilia

BACKGROUND

The most common morbidity that results from hemophilia is bleeding-induced hemophilic arthropathy (HA), which once established may not be interrupted completely even by prophylactic clotting factor replacement. Specific therapies to oppose inflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antagonists, have become important in the management of inflammatory arthritides.

OBJECTIVES

We investigated combining therapy using MR16-1, a rat IgG antibody directed against mouse IL-6 receptor (anti-IL-6R), with factor VIII (FVIII) replacement to protect against bleeding-induced arthropathy in hemophilia A mice.

METHODS

Three recurrent hemarthroses were induced in the knee joint capsule of FVIII knockout mice. Treatment at the time of each hemorrhage included either: no treatment; FVIII replacement given at the time of hemorrhage; FVIII replacement at hemorrhage plus anti-IL-6R as 4-weekly injections; FVIII replacement with non-specific control antibody (rat IgG); and anti-IL-6R alone without FVIII replacement. Six weeks following the first hemarthosis, joints were harvested and histopathology was scored for synovitis, for cartilage integrity and for macrophage infiltration.

RESULTS

Animals that received anti-IL-6R as an adjunct to FVIII replacement demonstrated the best survival and the least acute joint swelling and pathology on histologic examination of the synovium and cartilage (P < 0.05 for each parameter). All histopathologic parameters in the mice receiving FVIII+anti-IL-6R were limited and were comparable to findings in injured hemostatically normal mice. The major benefits of adjunctive anti-IL-6R were decreasing synovial hyperplasia, hemosiderin deposition and macrophage infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS

Short-course specific inhibition of inflammatory cytokines as an adjunct to replacement hemostasis may be an approach to minimize hemophilic joint degeneration.

Measurement of associated production of vector bosons and top quark-antiquark pairs in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV

The first measurement of vector-boson production associated with a top quark-antiquark pair in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7  TeV is presented. The results are based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb(-1), recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011. The measurement is performed in two independent channels through a trilepton analysis of ttZ events and a same-sign dilepton analysis of ttV (V = W or Z) events. In the trilepton channel a direct measurement of the ttZ cross section σ(ttZ) = 0.28(-0.11)(+0.14) (stat)(-0.03)(+0.06) (syst)  pb is obtained. In the dilepton channel a measurement of the ttV cross section yields σ(ttV) = 0.43(-0.15)(+0.17) (stat)(-0.07)(+0.09) (syst)  pb. These measurements have a significance, respectively, of 3.3 and 3.0 standard deviations from the background hypotheses and are compatible, within uncertainties, with the corresponding next-to-leading order predictions of 0.137(-0.016)(+0.012) and 0.306(-0.053)(+0.031)  pb.

Search for pair-produced dijet resonances in four-jet final states in pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV

A search for the pair production of a heavy, narrow resonance decaying into two jets has been performed using events collected in sqrt[s] = 7 TeV pp collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb(-1). Events are selected with at least four jets and two dijet combinations with similar dijet mass. No resonances are found in the dijet mass spectrum. The upper limit at 95% confidence level on the product of the resonance pair production cross section, the branching fractions into dijets, and the acceptance varies from 0.22 to 0.005 pb, for resonance masses between 250 and 1200 GeV. Pair-produced colorons decaying into qq are excluded for coloron masses between 250 and 740 GeV.