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Chen K, Xie D, Chi H. Correction to "A Modified HME Architecture for Text-Dependent Speaker Identification". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS 1997; 8:455. [PMID: 18255651 DOI: 10.1109/tnn.1997.557704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Sherrington R, Froelich S, Sorbi S, Campion D, Chi H, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Rogaev EI, Lin C, Liang Y, Ikeda M, Mar L, Brice A, Agid Y, Percy ME, Clerget-Darpoux F, Piacentini S, Marcon G, Nacmias B, Amaducci L, Frebourg T, Lannfelt L, Rommens JM, St George-Hyslop PH. Alzheimer's disease associated with mutations in presenilin 2 is rare and variably penetrant. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:985-8. [PMID: 8817335 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.7.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in the presenilin 2 (PS-2) gene on chromosome 1 were sought by direct nucleotide sequence analysis of the open reading frame of 60 pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). In the majority of these pedigrees, PS-1 and beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) gene mutations had been excluded. While no additional PS-2 pathogenic mutations were detected, four silent nucleotide substitutions and alternative splicing of nucleotides 1338-1340 (Glu325) were observed. Analysis of additional members of a pedigree known to segregate a Met239Val mutation in PS-2 revealed that the age of onset of symptoms is highly variable (range 45-88 years). This variability is not attributable to differences in ApoE genotypes. These results suggest (i) that, in contrast to mutations in PS-1, mutations in PS-2 are a relatively rare cause of FAD; (ii) that other genetic or environmental factor modify the AD phenotype associated with PS-2 mutations; and (iii) that still other FAD susceptibility genes remain to be identified.
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Russell JS, Chi H, Ward PE. Endothelin-1 metabolism by neutral endopeptidase-24.11 identified in cultured human skeletal muscle myocytes and fibroblasts. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1996; 32:180-2. [PMID: 8796303 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(95)00087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
In this paper, we extend the Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HME) to temporal processing and explore it for a substantial problem, that of text-dependent speaker identification. For a specific multiway classification, we propose a generalized Bernoulli density instead of the multinomial logit density to avoid the instability during training. Time-delay technique is applied for spatio-temporal processing in the HME and a combining scheme is presented for combining multiple time-delay HMEs in order to complete a multi-scale analysis for the temporal data. Using the time-delay HME along with the EM algorithm as well as the combination of multiple time-delay HMEs, the speaker identification system has a good performance and yields significantly fast training. We have also addressed some issues about the time-delay techniques in the HME.
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Tierney MC, Szalai JP, Snow WG, Fisher RH, Tsuda T, Chi H, McLachlan DR, St George-Hyslop PH. A prospective study of the clinical utility of ApoE genotype in the prediction of outcome in patients with memory impairment. Neurology 1996; 46:149-54. [PMID: 8559365 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.46.1.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the relationship between the presence of ApoE epsilon 4 and Alzheimer's disease (AD), were studied whether knowledge of epsilon 4 status would predict which memory-impaired patients would develop AD over time. One hundred seven patients who presented with memory impairment but not dementia were referred to the study by their family physicians. These patients were followed prospectively over a 2-year period. Twenty-nine patients developed AD, while 78 did not develop dementia. We found that ApoE genotype was a reliable prognostic indicator of who developed AD in this group only when memory test performance was included in the predictive model. These findings indicate that limitations of ApoE genotyping in isolation as a prognostic indicator of AD. Because this study included prospectively selected patients who were followed longitudinally, our findings are likely to have more relevance in the clinical setting than those obtained from currently available retrospective studies.
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Russell JS, Chi H, Lantry LE, Stephens RE, Ward PE. Substance P and neurokinin A metabolism by cultured human skeletal muscle myocytes and fibroblasts. Peptides 1996; 17:1397-403. [PMID: 8971937 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A recent study determined that cultured human skeletal muscle adult myoblasts, myotubes, and fibroblasts degraded angiotensins and kinins via neutral endopeptidase-24.11 (NEP-24.11: EC 3.4.24.11) and aminopeptidase N (APN: EC 3.4.11.2). Due to the possible importance of other peptides to skeletal muscle blood flow and function, the present study looked specifically at the metabolism of the neurokinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) by skeletal muscle peptidases. The results show that SP is degraded not only by NEP-24.11, but also sequentially by dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV (DAP IV: EC 3.4.14.5)/APN. NKA is unaffected by DAP IV but is metabolized by NEP-24.11 and APN. NEP-24.11 was inhibited by phosphoramidon (IC50 = 80 nM), thiorphan and ZINCOV, DAP IV by diprotin A (IC50 = 8 microM), and APN by amastatin (IC50 = 50 nM) and bestatin (IC50 = 100 microM). Skeletal muscle myocyte and fibroblast metabolism of SP and NKA may regulate local skeletal muscle vascular and extravascular functions including SP- and NKA-mediated nerve-induced vasodilation. Inhibition of both NEP-24.11 and DAP IV/APN may increase skeletal muscle blood flow and decrease peripheral vascular resistance via potentiation of local neurokinin levels.
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St. George-Hyslop P, Rogaev E, Sherrington R, Rogaev E, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Liang Y, Chi H, Lin C, Holman K, Fraser P, Rommens J. 601 Two homologous genes associated with early onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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58
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Tsuda T, Chi H, Liang Y, Rogaeva EA, Sherrington R, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Rogaev EI, Pollen D, Freedman M. Failure to detect missense mutations in the S182 gene in a series of late-onset Alzheimer's disease cases. Neurosci Lett 1995; 201:188-90. [PMID: 8848249 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of an interaction of multiple genes has been speculated in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because we have recently cloned a novel gene S182 bearing five different missense mutations which segregate with early-onset familial AD, we sought the frequency of these mutations in familial and sporadic late-onset AD to clarify the incidence of these mutations in the disease. The current study showed lack of these mutations in 118 independent subjects affected with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Rogaev EI, Sherrington R, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Liang Y, Chi H, Lin C, Holman K, Tsuda T. Familial Alzheimer's disease in kindreds with missense mutations in a gene on chromosome 1 related to the Alzheimer's disease type 3 gene. Nature 1995; 376:775-8. [PMID: 7651536 DOI: 10.1038/376775a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1372] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the cloning of a novel gene (E5-1) encoded on chromosome 1 which has substantial nucleotide and amino-acid sequence similarity to the S182 gene on chromosome 14q24.3. Mutations, including three new missense mutations in the S182 gene, are associated with the AD3 subtype of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both the E5-1 and the S182 proteins are predicted to be integral membrane proteins with seven membrane-spanning domains, and a large exposed loop between the sixth and seventh transmembrane domains. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame (ORF) of the E5-1 gene led to the discovery of two missense substitutions at conserved amino-acid residues in affected members of pedigrees with a form of familial AD that has a later age of onset than the AD3 subtype (50-70 years versus 30-60 years for AD3). These observations imply that the E5-1 gene on chromosome 1 and the S182 gene on chromosome 14q24.3 are members of a family of genes (presenilins) with related functions, and indicates that mutations in conserved residues of E5-1 could also play a role in the genesis of AD. Our results also indicate that still other AD susceptibility genes exist.
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Sherrington R, Rogaev EI, Liang Y, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Chi H, Lin C, Li G, Holman K, Tsuda T, Mar L, Foncin JF, Bruni AC, Montesi MP, Sorbi S, Rainero I, Pinessi L, Nee L, Chumakov I, Pollen D, Brookes A, Sanseau P, Polinsky RJ, Wasco W, Da Silva HA, Haines JL, Perkicak-Vance MA, Tanzi RE, Roses AD, Fraser PE, Rommens JM, St George-Hyslop PH. Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 1995; 375:754-60. [PMID: 7596406 DOI: 10.1038/375754a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2681] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Some cases of Alzheimer's disease are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Genetic linkage studies have mapped a locus (AD3) associated with susceptibility to a very aggressive form of Alzheimer's disease to chromosome 14q24.3. We have defined a minimal cosegregating region containing the AD3 gene, and isolated at least 19 different transcripts encoded within this region. One of these transcripts (S182) corresponds to a novel gene whose product is predicted to contain multiple transmembrane domains and resembles an integral membrane protein. Five different missense mutations have been found that cosegregate with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Because these changes occurred in conserved domains of this gene, and are not present in normal controls, they are likely to be causative of AD3.
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Chi H, Fei X, Lai C. [Effect of interferon on filtering blebs after trabeculectomy in rabbit eyes]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1995; 31:218-20. [PMID: 7555408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A study on the suppressive effect of interferon on the formation of filtering surgical scar was carried out. Trabeculectomy was performed on 6 rabbit eyes. 100,000 Units of interferon were subconjunctivally injected at the filtering bleb during the operation and on the 3rd and 7th post-operative day. The filtering blebs, filtering function and the scanning electron microscopic examinations of the surgical areas of the walls of the globes were observed. The results show that interferon can reduce the scar, improve filtering function and can be tried clinically.
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Wu J, Zhou CY, Chi H, Wong MK, Lee HK, Ong HY, Ong CN. Determination of serum aluminium using an ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorimetric system with lumogallion. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 663:247-53. [PMID: 7735472 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00458-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection, using lumogallion [4-chloro-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene-1-sulphonic acid] as a ligand, has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminium in human serum. The highly fluorescent aluminium-lumogallion complex (lambda ex 505 nm, lambda em 574 nm) was separated on a LiChrosorb RP-18 column with an eluent consisting of 30% acetonitrile, 70% 0.02 M potassium hydrogen phthalate and 10 microM lumogallion. The proposed system offers a simple, rapid, selective and sensitive method for the determination of aluminium in serum. The detection limit for aluminium was 0.05 microgram/l in aqueous solution and the limit of determination was 2.2 micrograms/l in serum. The recovery of the method is generally over 90%.
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Chi H, Kawachi Y, Otsuka F. Xeroderma pigmentosum variant: DNA ploidy analysis of various skin tumors and normal-appearing skin in a patient. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33:775-8. [PMID: 7822080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1994.tb00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patient with xeroderma pigmentosum provides an appropriate human model for the evaluation of tumor development and progression. METHODS We describe a patient with variant-type xeroderma pigmentosum who developed actinic keratoses, a squamous cell carcinoma, and its metastasis into a lymph node. DNA ploidy was measured and analyzed in cells of these tumors and the patient's sun-exposed as well as sun-shielded skin. RESULTS The sun-shielded skin showed a normal diploid DNA distribution pattern, while the sun-exposed skin had an increased number of hyperdiploid cells. The actinic keratosis showed further increased hyperdiploid cells. The squamous cell carcinoma showed a large number of hyperdiploid cells and formed an aneuploid cell fraction. Histographically, the aneuploid cell fraction became more apparent and was revealed to be a major fraction in the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the DNA ploidy pattern well reflect the clinical and histologic characteristics of the respective skin conditions and likely provide the cellular basis for the sequential or stepwise carcinogenic process in the patient's xeroderma pigmentosum skin. Further studies are necessary to determine whether the present results explain the similar carcinogenic process in sun-damaged skin of the nonpredisposed general population.
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Chi H, Hsieh A, Ng C, Lee H, Li S. Determination of components in propolis by capillary electrophoresis and photodiode array detection. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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65
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Huang Z, Chi H, Zhao X. [The use of finite population sampling and lot quality assurance sampling in estimating "immunization coverage rate" in villages (towns)]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 1994; 15:174-6. [PMID: 7834697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have used Finite Population Sampling and Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) in a field survey of "immunization coverage rate" for EPI in three villages (towns) in Lanxi Zhejiang Province. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the rates of two samplings and between the rate of sampling and population. These results indicated that both Finite population Sampling and LQAS are cheap and simple, and can represent the immunization coverage level of population.
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66
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Chi H, Nagi AD. Doping dependence of the internal energy, spin-density-wave order parameter, and the chemical potential for the Hubbard model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:11915-11918. [PMID: 10010064 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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67
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Chi H, Carbotte JP. Strong-coupling corrections to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer ratios for a d-wave superconductor. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:6143-6152. [PMID: 10011595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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68
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Wan HB, Chi H, Wong MK, Mok CY, Hsieh AK. Determination of the Ester-Cleavage Products of Some Organophosphorus Pesticides by Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079308019686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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Chi H, Nagi AD. Ground-state energy and the fluctuation contribution to the free energy for the Hubbard model at half filling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15910-15913. [PMID: 10008149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
We describe a 44-year-old man with fibroma of tendon sheath. The tumor originated in the foot and developed an ulcer during its course. It was totally excised, and the defect was reconstructed by full-thickness skin graft. The patient has been free of any recurrence during the follow-up period of one year. Fibroma of tendon sheath rarely occurs in the foot, and, to our best knowledge, this condition with ulceration is the first case reported.
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Chi H, Nagi AD. Fermion mean-field solutions for the Heisenberg and the t-J models. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:14603-14606. [PMID: 10005826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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72
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Chi H, Horie H, Hikawa N, Takenaka T. Isolation and age-related characterization of mouse Schwann cells from dorsal root ganglion explants in type I collagen gels. J Neurosci Res 1993; 35:183-7. [PMID: 8320749 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490350208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A technique for isolation of adult Schwann cells (ScC) from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is described. Decapsulated DRG explants embedded into type I collagen gels were cultured for 3 days in serum-free medium during which ScC migrated from the explant. These explants were then grown in serum-supplemented medium to allow ScC proliferation. On day 10 the number of ScC isolated from DRG explants per mouse was about 2.5 x 10(5), and the purity was greater than 95%. This culture system provided sufficient numbers of highly purified adult ScC in a shorter culture period (2-3 times) than other methods. We used ScC from this method to determine the age-related changes in attachment, growth, and survival of ScC cultured in serum-free medium. The attachment capacity of adult ScC on type I collagen or polylysine was similar to that of newborn ScC. However, the collagen promoted growth and survival of adult ScC but not that of neonatal ScC, indicating age-related differences of ScC properties in vitro.
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Chi H, Nagi AD. Spin-wave velocity and specific heat of the Hubbard model at half filling with a path-integral approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:8573-8578. [PMID: 10002623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.8573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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74
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Chi H, Nagi AD. Normal-state properties of high-temperature superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:421-431. [PMID: 10002226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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75
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Wiese M, Cordes HP, Chi H, Seydel JK, Backensfeld T, Müller BW. Interaction of prostaglandin E1 with alpha-cyclodextrin in aqueous systems: stability of the inclusion complex. J Pharm Sci 1991; 80:153-6. [PMID: 2051319 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostavasin, an inclusion complex of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD), is used in the therapy of thrombosis. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have been made to study the interaction of PGE1 with alpha-CD. The observed interaction (chemical shift) and the derived dissociation constant prove that only weak interaction forces are operative and that complete dissociation occurs upon dilution.
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