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Bergman J, Aho K, Haaparanta M, Reissel A, Solin O. Production of 18F− from H2O; specific radioactivity and chemical reactivity. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580260162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Harroun SG, Bergman J, Jablonski E, Brosseau CL. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of house paint and wallpaper samples from an 18th century historic property. Analyst 2011; 136:3453-60. [PMID: 21267481 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conservation efforts for heritage buildings require a substantial knowledge of the chemical makeup of materials that were used throughout the lifetime of the property. In particular, conservators are often concerned with the identification of colorants used in both interior and exterior wall treatments (paint, wallpaper, etc.) in order to gain perspective into how the building may have appeared during a certain time period in its existence. Ideally, such an analysis requires a technique that provides molecular level information as to the identity of the colorant as well as other sample components (binders, fillers, etc.), which is useful for dating purposes. In addition, the technique should be easily applied to paint layer samples which can be extremely thin and fragile. Herein we report the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of paint and wallpaper samples taken from exterior and interior surfaces of a historic building. Several pigments were identified in the samples, which ranged from early inorganic pigments (lead white, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, anhydrous chromium(III) oxide) which have been used in house paints for centuries, to a more modern pigment (phthalocyanine blue), developed in the middle of the 20th century. This analysis highlights the usefulness of SERS in such a conservation effort, and demonstrates for the first time pigment identification in house paints and wallpaper using SERS, which has far-reaching implications not only in the field of conservation, but also in forensics, industrial process control, and environmental health and safety.
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Bergman J. 331 New developments in the endoscopic detection and treatment of early Barrett's neoplasia. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)70277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bergman J, Saigal CS, Miller DC, Hanley J, Gore JL, Lorenz K, Litwin MS. Hospice utilization by men dying of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9501 Background: The 25,000 American men who die of prostate cancer each year often suffer from fatigue, bone pain, and weight loss. Enrollment in hospice programs improves both the quality of life and the quality of death for this cohort. However, previous data suggest that hospice is often used inappropriately, either through underuse or through improperly timed referral. We sought to characterize sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect appropriate and inappropriate utilization of hospice services by men with metastatic prostate cancer in a population-based dataset. Methods: We used linked data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare data to identify a cohort of beneficiaries who died of prostate cancer between 1992 and 2005. We then evaluated the bivariate association between sociodemographic and clinical data and any hospice enrollment. Hospice referrals within 7 days of death or more than 180 days before dying were considered inappropriate. Results: Of the 14,521 men dying of prostate cancer, 7,646 (53%) utilized hospice resources. Enrollment within 7 days of death was noted in 1699 subjects (22% of hospice users), and enrollment more than 180 days prior to death was seen in 717 participants (9% of hospice users). Subjects who utilized hospice within the appropriate time frame were enrolled for a mean of 47 days (S.D. 41, range 7–180 days) prior to death, with a median of 31 days. In our bivariate analysis, white ethnicity, partnered status, and achieving at least a high school diploma were significantly associated with hospice use ( Table ). Conclusions: Hospice utilization rates in our cohort compared favorably with previous analyses, but the frequency of improperly timed hospice referrals was similar to prior reports and provides an opportunity for improvement. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Paronis CA, Martin J, Shaller N, Thakur GA, Teng H, Zvonok A, Makriyannis A, Bergman J. Differentiation of CB1 cannabinoid agonists in rats. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.744.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bergman J, Leppert JT, Breda A. Complications of laparoscopic renal surgery. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2007; 59:417-423. [PMID: 17947959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Initial excitement for laparoscopy's potential to decrease patient morbidity and convalescence by avoiding a flank incision was initially tempered by concerns for increased operative time, technical complexity and the suitability of laparoscopy approaches to oncologic surgery. With experience, the benefits of laparoscopic approaches to renal surgery have become clear. As laparoscopic techniques are mastered and the indications expanded, it is important to remember that minimally invasive surgery remains associated with significant risks and potential complications. Several complications are theoretically more difficult to control laparoscopically than with open exposure. Control of bleeding, identification of injury to solid organs, and positive margins due to the lack of haptic feedback have been of special concern during the rapid advancement of laparoscopic surgical technique between 1991 and today. It is critical for the urologist to be familiar with these complications in order to maximize patients' clinical outcomes through appropriate patient selection and intraoperative planning. Know-ledge of the complications of laparoscopic renal surgery will also aid in providing patients with true informed consent and realistic surgical expectations. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the complications associated with laparoscopic renal surgery in general, with specific attention paid to laparoscopic radical, partial, pediatric, and donor nephrectomy.
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Patel N, Bergman J, Gräslund A. Interaction of the Deoxy-Oligonucleotide Duplex d(CGCGATCGCG)2 and Anti-Herpes Virus Active Indolo [2,3-b]-quinoxaline Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319108046576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thidé B, Then H, Sjöholm J, Palmer K, Bergman J, Carozzi TD, Istomin YN, Ibragimov NH, Khamitova R. Utilization of photon orbital angular momentum in the low-frequency radio domain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:087701. [PMID: 17930983 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.087701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We show numerically that vector antenna arrays can generate radio beams that exhibit spin and orbital angular momentum characteristics similar to those of helical Laguerre-Gauss laser beams in paraxial optics. For low frequencies (< or = 1 GHz), digital techniques can be used to coherently measure the instantaneous, local field vectors and to manipulate them in software. This enables new types of experiments that go beyond what is possible in optics. It allows information-rich radio astronomy and paves the way for novel wireless communication concepts.
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Shlamovitz G, Morgan M, Mower W, Bergman J, Crisp J, DeVore H, Hardy D, Sargent M, Shroff S, Snyder E. Poor Test Characteristics for the Digital Rectal Exam in Trauma Patients. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Desai RI, Paronis CA, Makriyannis A, Thakur GA, Bergman J. Discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine and in vivo microdialysis in rats. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.a776-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Duelfer T, Johnström P, Stone-Elander S, Holland A, Halldin C, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Bergman J, Steinman M, Sedvall G. The labelling of 2-oxoquazepam with electrophilic 18F. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580291107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bergman J, Kinsella E, Kenny J, Barbour P, Zeltzer P. 547 UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL FACILITY SUPPORT BY EUROPEAN CHILDREN WITH BRAIN TUMORS AT BARRETSTOWN: A SUMMER THERAPEUTIC RECREATION CAMP. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Peters F, Kara M, Rosmolen W, Aalders M, Ten Kate F, Krishnadath K, van Lanschot J, Fockens P, Bergman J. Poor results of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for residual high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in barrett esophagus after endoscopic resection. Endoscopy 2005; 37:418-24. [PMID: 15844019 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-861198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of residual high-grade dysplasia or early cancer (HGD/EC) after endoscopic resection in Barrett esophagus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study patients were separated into group A, with proven residual HGD/EC, and group B with possible HGD/EC (positive lateral margins in the endoscopic resection specimen, without HGD/EC in the remaining Barrett esophagus). PDT treatment consisted of 5-aminolevulinic (5-ALA) photosensitization (40 mg/kg) followed by illumination of the Barrett esophagus with a total light dose of 100 J/cm (2). Complete remission was defined as the absence of HGD/EC in biopsies taken in two consecutive follow-up endoscopies. The percentage regression of Barrett esophagus, as well as the recurrence rate of HGD/EC, was calculated. RESULTS 20 patients underwent PDT (group A, 11; group B, 9). Mild complications were seen in 4/26 procedures. The overall success rate was 15/20 (75 %). There was a significant difference in success rate between group A (55 %) and group B (100 %); P = 0.03. All patients had residual Barrett esophagus after PDT; the median regression percentage was 50 % (IQR 25 - 70 %). Recurrence of HGD/EC occurred in four patients (two each in groups A and B) after a median follow up of 30 months. CONCLUSIONS In this selected group of patients, the addition of 5-ALA-PDT after endoscopic resection for HGD/EC had a disappointing success rate in patients who had residual HGD/EC after endoscopic resection. Most patients undergoing 5-ALA-PDT have residual Barrett mucosa after PDT and 5-ALA-PDT does not seem to prevent recurrences during follow-up.
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Muhonen A, Haaparanta M, Grönroos T, Bergman J, Knuuti J, Hinkka S, Happonen RP. Osteoblastic activity and neoangiogenesis in distracted bone of irradiated rabbit mandible with or without hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:173-8. [PMID: 15050074 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2003.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of irradiation and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on osteoblastic activity and angiogenesis in rabbit mandibular distraction (DO) were evaluated. Three groups were studied. The mandible of two groups received a 22.4Gy dose of irradiation. One of the irradiated groups was also given HBO, 18 times at 2.5ATA for 90min per day preoperatively. The third group was given neither radiotherapy nor HBO. Mandibular lengthening was performed unilaterally. Osteoblastic activity was assessed ex vivo by [18F]fluoride digital autoradiography. Neovascularization of distracted bone was evaluated histomorphometrically. Osteoblastic activity was higher in non-irradiated than irradiated animals. In non-irradiated rabbits, the activity was evenly distributed over the distraction area. In the irradiated groups, the activity was greater in the central third of the lengthened bone than the peripheral thirds. HBO changed the osteogenic pattern towards that of non-irradiated bone. In the non-irradiated group the number of blood vessels was 1.7-fold as compared to irradiated rabbits without HBO (P=0.0012), and the fewest number of vessels was found in irradiated rabbits without HBO. Blood vessels were more numerous in the central region than in peripheral regions in non-irradiated animals and irradiated animals with HBO, but not in irradiated rabbits without HBO therapy. It is concluded that radiotherapy disturbs distraction bone formation and neovascularization related to DO. HBO increases osteoblastic activity, but not to the level of non-irradiated bone. Angiogenic response is markedly increased by HBO.
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Hakala M, Karlsson H, Ruotsalainen U, Koponen S, Bergman J, Stenman H, Kelavuori JP, Aalto S, Kurki T, Niemi P. Severe somatization in women is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism. Psychol Med 2002; 32:1379-1385. [PMID: 12455936 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291702006578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatization is a clinical phenomenon characterized by multiple, medically unexplained somatic symptoms. The pathophysiology remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a central nervous system dysfunction in the pathophysiology of this disorder. METHOD We studied 10 female patients diagnosed as having somatization disorder or undifferentiated somatoform disorder with no current Axis I disorders according to DSM-IV. They were compared with 17 healthy female volunteers using brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET with MRI reference. RESULTS The patients had lower cerebral metabolism rates of glucose (P<0.05) in both caudate nuclei, left putamen and right precentral gyrus compared with healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate changes in brain metabolism in somatizing women. The regional cerebral hypometabolism is probably associated with the pathophysiology of somatization.
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Laakso A, Vilkman H, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Syvälahti E, Salokangas RKR, Hietala J. Sex differences in striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy subjects. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52:759-63. [PMID: 12372667 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are sex differences in the clinical features of several neuropsychiatric illnesses associated with dopamine dysfunction. The effects of sex on brain dopaminergic function have been sparsely studied in human subjects using modern imaging techniques. We have previously reported that the apparent affinity of [(11)C]raclopride for striatal D(2) dopamine receptors in vivo is lower in women than in men, whereas D(2) receptor density is not different. This finding indirectly suggests that women have a higher synaptic concentration of dopamine in the striatum. We explored further the basis of this phenomenon in an independent study and hypothesized that striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity would also be elevated in women. METHODS A total of 23 healthy men and 12 healthy women (age range 20-60 years) were studied using positron emission tomography and [(18)F]fluorodopa. RESULTS Women had significantly higher striatal [(18)F]fluorodopa uptake (Ki values) than men. The difference was more marked in the caudate (+26%) than in the putamen (+12%). In addition, there was a negative correlation between striatal [(18)F]fluorodopa Ki values and age in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS The results further substantiate sex differences in striatal dopaminergic function in humans. This finding may be associated with sex differences in vulnerability and clinical course of neuropsychiatric disorders with dopaminergic dysregulation, e.g., schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and Parkinson's disease.
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Abstract
Acquired tolerance to some behavioral effects of caffeine in humans is widely assumed to occur but is poorly documented and appears, at most, to be of low magnitude. Withdrawal from regular consumption of caffeine has been reported to result in a variety of symptoms, including: irritability, sleepiness, dysphoria, delerium, nausea, vomiting, rhinorrhea, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, muscle tension, muscle pains and flushed face. Some of these same symptoms have been reported following excess intake of caffeine. The prevalence of symptoms reported on withdrawal in different studies also covers a wide range from 11% or less to 100%. It is suggested that the evidence leads to the conclusion that non pharmacological factors related to knowledge and expectation are the prime determinants of symptoms and their reported prevalence on withdrawal of caffeine after regular consumption.
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Pohjanvirta R, Korkalainen M, McGuire J, Simanainen U, Juvonen R, Tuomisto JT, Unkila M, Viluksela M, Bergman J, Poellinger L, Tuomisto J. Comparison of acute toxicities of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in TCDD-sensitive rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:1023-32. [PMID: 12065225 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are environmental toxicants that act via the AH receptor (AHR). In vitro studies have demonstrated that some indole derivatives present in cruciferous vegetables also bind to the AHR. One of the highest AHR binding affinities is exhibited by indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ). Since exposure to these dietary indoles is quantitatively far larger than that to halogenated aromatic compounds, their potential toxic risks have raised concern. In the present study, we compared the effects of ICZ with those of a single dose of 20 microg/kg TCDD in the most TCDD-sensitive rat strain (Long-Evans [Turku AB]) (L-E). Whereas TCDD elicited the expected toxicity syndrome, ICZ, either as a single subcutaneous dose (63.5, 127 or 508 microg/kg) or with repeated sc dosing (508 microg/kg for 5 days) failed to reproduce any toxic impacts of TCDD. Furthermore, a simultaneous ICZ treatment (63.5 or 127 microg/kg for 10 days) did not interfere with TCDD (20 microg/kg; single exposure) action. A moderate hepatic induction of CYP1A1 could be triggered by repeated intragastric administration of ICZ (127 microg/kg for 4 days, the last treatment 2.5 h prior to termination). In control experiments in a reconstituted yeast system, ICZ potently and dose-dependently activated L-E rat AHR function demonstrating that it represents a bona fide high-affinity ligand for the rat receptor in vivo. Thus, the present study does not support the view that dietary exposure to ICZ would present a hazard of AHR-mediated adverse health effects to humans.
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Toernkvist C, Bergman J, Liedberg B. Geometry and vibrations of the 1,2,3-triazole anion. A theoretical and experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100161a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Toernkvist C, Bergman J, Liedberg B. Correlated ab initio geometries and vibrations of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100161a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nell T, Bergman J, Hoeijmakers M, Van Laar P, Horspool LJI. Comparison of vedaprofen and meloxicam in dogs with musculoskeletal pain and inflammation. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43:208-12. [PMID: 12038853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this randomised, multicentre clinical study, dogs with musculoskeletal pain and inflammation were treated with either vedaprofen or meloxicam administered orally at the recommended dose rates. Clinical examinations were carried out regularly and clinical severity scores assigned. In total, 214 cases (73 acute, 141 chronic) were evaluated. Treatment with vedaprofen and meloxicam was continued for 14 and 17 days, respectively, in the acute cases, and 38 and 39 days in the chronic cases. NSAID treatment resulted in a significant improvement in clinical scores. The overall response to treatment ('responders') at the final clinical examination was 89 per cent and 87 per cent in the acute cases and 72 per cent and 65 per cent in the chronic cases in the vedaprofen and meloxicam groups, respectively. Mild transient gastrointestinal signs were observed in both groups (11 per cent vedaprofen, 12 per cent meloxicam). Adverse effects related to NSAIDs resulted in treatment cessation in 5 per cent of the dogs in each group. Vedaprofen and meloxicam were efficacious in, and well tolerated by, most of the dogs in the study.
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Bergman J. Reforming primary care--better to build on the best. HOSPITAL QUARTERLY 2002; 5:28-9. [PMID: 11765489 DOI: 10.12927/hcq.2001.20490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Virtanen KA, Haaparanta M, Grönroos T, Bergman J, Solin O, Rouru J, Nuutila P, Huupponen R. 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose combined with microdialysis can be used for the comparison of tissue glucose metabolism in obese and lean rats. Diabetes Obes Metab 2002; 4:60-8. [PMID: 11874444 DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2002.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Direct assessment of tissue metabolism in vivo is important to understand the pathogenesis of obesity. Labelled glucose analogues are potential candidates to be used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics and metabolism of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) Zucker rat tissues with microdialysis, and the measurement of uptake and phosphorylation with or without insulin bolus injection. METHODS Obese (n = 10) and lean (n = 11) anaesthetized rats underwent a microdialysis study after FDG-injection either with or without insulin stimulation. Microdialysis probes were inserted in the jugular vein, quadriceps muscle and liver. After 110 min, tissue [(18)F]-uptake and intracellular phosphorylation of FDG were studied in blood, liver, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue, intra-abdominal adipose tissue and hypothalamus. RESULTS When measured with microdialysis, insulin-enhanced FDG disappeared from the blood pool and interstitial space of skeletal muscle and liver more effectively in lean rather than in obese animals. Insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle and adipose tissue[(18)F]-uptake was impaired in obese Zucker rats compared with lean animals. Hypothalamic FDG uptake was six to sevenfold higher than in other measured tissues, but was attenuated in obese rats. In liver and in mesenteric fat, insulin-enhanced FDG phosphorylation in lean rats compared with obese animals. CONCLUSIONS Positron-emitting glucose analogue FDG, combined with microdialysis and tissue analysis, is a feasible method in studying glucose metabolism at the cellular level in animal studies.
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Schindler CW, Gilman JP, Bergman J, Mello NK, Woosley RL, Goldberg SR. Interactions between cocaine and dopamine agonists on cardiovascular function in squirrel monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 300:180-7. [PMID: 11752114 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.300.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conscious squirrel monkeys were treated i.v. with cocaine and various dopamine agonist drugs. Cocaine produced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the rate-pressure product (RPP). The dopamine D1 receptor agonist (+/-)-6-chloro-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide (SKF 82958) produced effects comparable to cocaine. The D1 agonist (+/-)-6-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrobromide (SKF 81297) also produced increases in blood pressure and heart rate but was much less potent than either cocaine or SKF 82958. The partial D1 agonist (+/-)-7,8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride (SKF 77434) did not significantly affect any cardiovascular parameters. The D2 agonist quinpirole slightly decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate. As such, the RPP only slightly increased. The selective dopamine uptake inhibitor 1-[2-[bis-(4-fluorphenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR 12909) produced increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and RPP, but again these effects were smaller and only seen at doses higher than cocaine. Effects similar to those with GBR 12909 were seen with the dopamine autoreceptor antagonist cis-(+)-5-methoxy-1-methyl-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (UH 232). The combination of GBR 12909, SKF 82958, or SKF 77434 with cocaine produced effects that were clearly subadditive. The effects of quinpirole in combination with cocaine were comparable to, or lower than, those of cocaine alone on blood pressure and RPP. The effects on heart rate were additive. Only UH 232 produced additive effects with cocaine for all three measures. As dopamine agonists have been proposed as potential treatments for cocaine abuse, these results suggest that dopamine D1 agonists and uptake inhibitors can be used safely in combination with cocaine. Caution may be warranted, however, with the use of dopamine autoreceptor antagonists in the treatment of cocaine abuse.
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