Motivating underserved Vietnamese Americans to obtain colorectal cancer screening: evaluation of a culturally tailored DVD intervention

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death among Vietnamese Americans, yet screening remains underutilized. We investigated the effectiveness of a culturally tailored DVD intervention in promoting CRC screening among unscreened Vietnamese Americans age 50 and over.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a trial comparing twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed DVD in Vietnamese, with twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed brochure in Vietnamese. Subjects completed telephone surveys at baseline, One-month, and one-year. The primary outcome was receipt of screening. Secondary measures were participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about CRC screening. Two focus groups explored the intervention's acceptability and effectiveness.

RESULTS

At one year, CRC screening rates of 57.1% and 42.9% were observed in experimental and control group respectively (p=0.42), Subjects in both groups showed increased knowledge about CRC after one month. Focus group findings revealed that the DVD was an effective method of communicating information and would help promote screening.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest that culturally tailored, linguistically appropriate content is more important than the type of media used. This relatively low intensity, low cost intervention utilizing a DVD can be another useful method for outreach to the often hard-to-reach unscreened population.

The influences of psychotic symptoms on the activities of daily living of individuals with Alzheimer disease: a longitudinal analysis

OBJECTIVES

Psychotic symptoms associated with Alzheimer Disease (AD) contribute to excess functional dependence. Longitudinal studies have generally examined the association between rates of functional decline and the occurrence of psychotic symptoms from either a single evaluation or from multiple evaluations rather than through changes in frequency and severity of symptoms. Although the presence or absence of psychotic symptoms at initial or follow-up examinations may be associated with changes in functional status, the nature of the relationship between changes in these domains cannot be inferred. We examine the association between changes in the frequency of psychotic symptoms and changes in dependence in activities of daily living (ADL) over a period ranging from 1 to 74 months (median = 17.7).

METHOD

Data from a cohort of 234 individuals referred to a memory clinic were analyzed using multilevel linear regression. Information on ADL, behavioral and psychological symptoms, depression, and cognition was collected.

RESULTS

An increase in the frequency of psychotic symptoms had a unique influence on the deterioration of basic ADL, after controlling for demographic variables, changes in cognition, depression, and other behavioral and psychological symptoms (B = -.017, p = .003). However, changes in psychotic symptoms did not significantly contribute to declines in the ability to perform instrumental ADL (B = -.008, p = .439).

CONCLUSION

Changes in psychotic symptoms may influence basic but not instrumental ADL over time. These findings may have ramifications for studies and treatment plans for individuals with AD who demonstrate psychotic symptoms.

Renal cell carcinoma metastases to the spermatic cord: review of the literature and case presentation

We present a case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with metachronous metastasis to the ipsilateral spermatic cord. We also review the literature of the rare instance of renal cell carcinoma metastasising to the spermatic cord.

High peak-power picosecond pulse generation at 1.26 µm using a quantum-dot-based external-cavity mode-locked laser and tapered optical amplifier

In this paper, we present the generation of high peak-power picosecond optical pulses in the 1.26 μm spectral band from a repetition-rate-tunable quantum-dot external-cavity passively mode-locked laser (QD-ECMLL), amplified by a tapered quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA). The laser emission wavelength was controlled through a chirped volume Bragg grating which was used as an external cavity output coupler. An average power of 208.2 mW, pulse energy of 321 pJ, and peak power of 30.3 W were achieved. Preliminary nonlinear imaging investigations indicate that this system is promising as a high peak-power pulsed light source for nonlinear bio-imaging applications across the 1.0 μm - 1.3 μm spectral range.

High-speed photodiodes for InP-based photonic integrated circuits

We demonstrate the feasibility of monolithic integration of evanescently coupled Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiodes (UTC-PDs) having a bandwidth exceeding 100 GHz with Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers. This platform is suitable for active-passive, butt-joint monolithic integration with various Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) devices for narrow linewidth millimeter-wave photomixing sources. The fabricated devices achieved a high 3-dB bandwidth of up to 110 GHz and a generated output power of more than 0 dBm (1 mW) at 120 GHz with a flat frequency response over the microwave F-band (90-140 GHz).

Abstract P5-10-24: A Pragmatic Review of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens in Early-Stage Breast Cancer — Hematologic Toxicities Experienced in a Single Institution

Background: Chemotherapy-related toxicities are associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. Three newer common adjuvant chemotherapy regimens - 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide plus docetaxel (FEC-D), docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide (TC), and docetaxel, carboplatin plus trastuzumab (TCH) - have emerged as promising therapies. The toxicities experienced with these chemotherapeutic regimens were reviewed in a clinical practice setting outside of clinical trial.

Patients and Methods: Patients (pts) with early-stage breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (FEC-D; TC; TCH) at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Canada, between August 2006 and May 2010 were identified. Charts were audited for the presence of neutropenia (defined asabsolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 1.0x109/L), use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN; defined as a single oral temperature ≥38.3 0Celsius, or oral temperature ≥38.0 0C lasting over 1 hour, with an ANC < 1.0x109/L).

Results: Overall, 175 pts were reviewed in this study. The rate of neutropenia, FN, and use of primary prophylaxis with G-CSF are summarized in the table below for each regimen. Thirty pts on FEC-D (25.2%) experienced significant complications resulting in dose delay, dose reduction, and discontinuation of chemotherapy, as did 9.1% of pts on TC, and 27.3% of pts on TCH. There was one death associated with FEC-D while on G-CSF.

Conclusion: Our institution reports FN rates higher than originally reported in all three chemotherapy regimens with a greater hematologic toxicity profile with FEC-D. Further investigation with larger patient cohorts is warranted, to determine if there is a need for primary prophylaxis with G-CSF in patients receiving FEC-D, TC, and TCH.

Table 1: Outcomes associated with FEC-D, TC, and TCH chemotherapy regimens

Spin-polarized inelastic tunneling through insulating barriers

Spin-conserving hopping transport through chains of localized states has been evidenced by taking benefit of the high degree of spin-polarization of CoFeB-MgO-CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions. In particular, our data show that relatively thick MgO barriers doped with boron favor the activation of spin-conserving inelastic channels through a chain of three localized states and leading to reduced magnetoresistance effects. We propose an extension of the Glazman-Matveev theory to the case of ferromagnetic reservoirs to account for spin-polarized inelastic tunneling through nonmagnetic localized states embedded in an insulating barrier.

Enhancement of the spin accumulation at the interface between a spin-polarized tunnel junction and a semiconductor

We report on spin injection experiments at a Co/Al2O3/GaAs interface with electrical detection. The application of a transverse magnetic field induces a large voltage drop DeltaV at the interface as high as 1.2 mV for a current density of 0.34 nA.microm(-2). This represents a dramatic increase of the spin accumulation signal, well above the theoretical predictions for spin injection through a ferromagnet/semiconductor interface. Such an enhancement is consistent with a sequential tunneling process via localized states located in the vicinity of the Al2O3/GaAs interface. For spin-polarized carriers these states act as an accumulation layer where the spin lifetime is large. A model taking into account the spin lifetime and the escape tunneling time for carriers traveling back into the ferromagnetic contact reproduces accurately the experimental results.

[Interest of peri-operative immunonutrition in head and neck cancers]

OBJECTIVE

Authors reported the results of a study on the application of immunonutrion in peri-operative (pre and postoperative) in head and neck cancer for all patients malnourished or not. In preoperative we used an oral treatmentand in postoperative an enteral one.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Prospective study concerning 78 patients (47 malnourished versus 31 not) having had heavy head and neck curative cancerology surgery. The mean follow up was of 10 months (from 7 to 16 month). They peri-operative immuno-enriched diet consisted, in pre-operative of 1000 kcal/j during 7 days of oral immunonutrition (Impact), and in post-operative, 1500 kcal/j during 10 days of enteral immunonutition (Crucial). The nutritional state was evaluated in pre-operative by simple clinical and biological parameters (size, weight, CMI "Corporal Mass Index", albumin, NRI "Nutritional Risk Index"), and in post-operative by the evolution of the weight and the CMI. The palatability of the product used in pre-operative and the patients' compliance to the treatment are studied using the satisfaction's multiple choice question paper.

RESULTS

The study showed an improvement of the patients' nutritional and general state (regain appetite, less marked asthenia) and of the quality of life. The product used in preoperative was well tolerated, this oral supplementation led to the same beneficial effects of the enteral's. At eight days in preoperative, the average weight was 62.35 kg, the average CMI was 20.93, and the average NRI was 94.12. In post-operative the patients' nutritional state improved: at eight days, the average loss of weight was 2.82 kg, the average CMI was 22.2. At one and six months after respectively the average gain of weight was 2.17 kg and 6.11 kg, the average CMI was 23.71 and 25.16. The application of this protocol decreased the post-operative complications (13% reduction of the infectious complications and 6% diminution of the fistulas). The time of hospitalization is then reduced (1.7 days), and the life's longevity is improved.

CONCLUSION

The results produced by this study, demonstrate the necessity to apply a peri-operative immuno-enriched diet systematically for all the patients with and without a degraded nutritional state, undergoing a heavy head and neck curative cancerology surgery.

Exchange-mediated anisotropy of (ga,mn)as valence-band probed by resonant tunneling spectroscopy

We report on experiments and theory of resonant tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in AlAs/GaAs/AlAs quantum wells (QW) contacted by a (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic electrode. Such resonance effects manifest themselves by bias-dependent oscillations of the TAMR signal correlated to the successive positions of heavy (HH) and light (LH) quantized hole energy levels in GaAs QW. We have modeled the experimental data by calculating the spin-dependent resonant tunneling transmission in the frame of the 6 x 6 valence-band k.p theory. The calculations emphasize the opposite contributions of the (Ga,Mn)As HH and LH subbands near the Gamma point, unraveling the anatomy of the diluted magnetic semiconductor valence band.

Tissue culture and transient transformation of Marestail (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist)

Glyphosate resistant crops are useful to agriculture by facilitating the use of nonselective herbicides, such as RoundUp, that have low human and environmental toxicity. The occurrence of glyphosate resistant weeds, however, has raised concern about the future utility of these crops. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (marestail or horseweed) is one such glyphosate resistant weed that has yet to be fully analyzed or established in tissue culture. Tissue culture enables the examination of physiological characteristics of a plant in an aseptic and controlled environment. For the present study, mairstail was cultured on a Murashige and Skoog based medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. Plant regeneration was achieved on the same basal medium supplemented with only gibberellic acid. Glyphosate resistance could be demonstrated in the cultured tissues. The cultures could also be transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens without chemically inducing virulence using phenolics or glucose and resulting in a transformation frequency (transgenic events per total number of explants used) of about 13%. The tissue culture growth, preliminary glyphosate resistance data and genetic transformation data gathered in this project provide the means to further evaluate the mode of glyphosate resistance expressed by marestail.

Transcriptome profiling of lung schistosomula,in vitro cultured schistosomula and adult Schistosoma japonicum

The schistosomulum is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity; however, most studies have utilized schistosomula produced by mechanical transformation of infective larvae followed by in vitro culture rather than larvae isolated directly from the lungs of infected mammals. Using transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated that there was little difference in the ultrastructure of Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula obtained by the two methods. However, significant differences in gene expression profiles were apparent when we used an oligonucleotide microarray to compare the gene expression profiles of schistosomula obtained in vivo from lung tissue with those maintained in vitro, and with adult worms of S. japonicum. It is likely that host environmental factors, which cannot be reliably reproduced in vitro, do influence the growth, development and overall biology of schistosomes. Thus caution is urged when using in vitro-cultured schistosomes and mechanically transformed/cultured schistosomula in molecular, biochemical and immunological studies.

Biological effects of high-LET particles on corn-seed embryos in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project--Biostack III experiment

High-LET particle hits in embryos of Zea mays corn seeds, flown as part of Biostack III in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, were determined via plastic nuclear track detectors. Based on etched particle-track measurements, 41 embryos were hit in seed layer 1 which contained 80 seeds, and 49 hits occurred in layer 2 which contained 79 seeds. The mean LET value and range of atomic numbers of recorded hits is, respectively, 210 +/- 57 keV micrometers -1 and 9 < or approximately Z < or approximately 26. Detailed analysis of one particular seed showing marked growth anomalies revealed two hits in the central region of the embryo. These two hits had LET values in the region of 100-150 keV micrometers-1, and Z > or approximately 20.

MUC1 epithelial mucin (CD227) is expressed by activated dendritic cells

The MUC1 mucin (CD227) is a cell surface mucin originally thought to be restricted to epithelial tissues. We report that CD227 is expressed on human blood dendritic cells (DC) and monocyte-derived DC following in vitro activation. Freshly isolated murine splenic DC had very low levels of CD227; however, all DC expressed CD227 following in vitro culture. In the mouse spleen, CD227 was seen on clusters within the red pulp and surrounding the marginal zone in the white pulp. Additionally, we confirm CD227 expression by activated human T cells and show for the first time that the CD227 cytoplasmic domain is tyrosine-phosphorylated in activated T cells and DC and is associated with other phosphoproteins, indicating a role in signaling. The function of CD227 on DC and T cells requires further elucidation.

Successful treatment of mother and baby with metastatic choriocarcinoma

The second case of successful management of a mother and neonate with metastatic choriocarcinoma is described. A response to paclitaxel in the face of platinum-refractor disease in the mother is also detailed. In a woman with a history of gestational trophoblastic disease, a high index of suspicion and thereby early diagnosis lead to prompt treatment in both mother and neonate.