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Furuta T, Shirai N, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Therapeutic impact of CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics on proton pump inhibitor-based eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori. METHODS AND FINDINGS IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2003; 25:131-43. [PMID: 12731459 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2003.25.2.723687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Current regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori consist of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) plus one or two antibacterial agents, such as amoxicillin (AMPC), clarithromycin (CAM) or metronidazole (MNZ). PPIs are mainly metabolized by S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) in the liver. The polymorphism of CYP2C19 is associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PPIs. Eradication rates by PPI-based therapies are also affected by this genotype, as well as bacterial resistance to antibiotics. An individualized treatment strategy based on CYP2C19-related pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics and bacterial resistance is expected to increase the cure rate of the initial treatment. It is also necessary to recognize that there is a possible drug-drug interaction between some of the drugs used in this treatment regimen.
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Naruko T, Komatsu R, Itoh A, Haze K, Shirai N, Hai E, Ikura Y, Ohsawa M, Ueda M. 2P-0497 Strong expression of the enzyme myeloperoxidase in neutrophils is associated with plaque instability in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)90638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sakai H, Noda A, Shirai N, Iidaka T, Yanai T, Masegi T, Shirai N, Iidaka T, Yanai T, Masegi T. Proliferative activity of canine mast cell tumours evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and Ki-67 expression. J Comp Pathol 2002; 127:233-8. [PMID: 12443730 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The proliferative activity of 91 canine mast cell tumours was assessed on the basis of the Ki-67 positive index (Ki-67 PI) and mitotic index (MI) and, in 15 cases, also by the labelling index of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; an analogue of tritiated thymidine) incorporated in vivo into S-phase cells. BrdU and Ki-67 were detected immunohistochemically. The tumours were graded histologically (I, II or III). The BrdU labelling index (BrdU LI) tended to increase as the grade became higher. In terms of the mean values of Ki-67 PI, significant differences were found between histological tumour grades I and II (P < 0.01) and between grades II and III (P < 0.01). In terms of mean MI, grades I and II were found to differ significantly (P < 0.05). With Spearman rank correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis, the BrdU LI and Ki-67 PI showed a highly significant correlation. This strong correlation indicated that Ki-67 was, like BrdU, a useful marker for proliferative potential in canine mast cell tumours; moreover, its use did not require the prior administration of any reagent to the live animal.
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Shirai N, Hayashi K, Suzuki H, Shimizu R. The effects of Erabu sea snake oil on the plasma lipids and glucose, and liver lipids in mice. Nutr Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shirai N, Suzuki H, Tokairin S, Ehara H, Wada S. Dietary and seasonal effects on the dorsal meat lipid composition of Japanese (Silurus asotus) and Thai catfish (Clarias macrocephalus and hybrid Clarias macrocephalus and Clarias galipinus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 132:609-19. [PMID: 12044770 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary lipids and seasonal variation on the lipids of wild and cultured catfish (Japanese catfish, Silurus asotus; Thai catfish, Clarias macrocephalus and hybrid Clarias macrocephalus x Clarias galipinus) were determined by analysis of the lipid content and fatty acid composition of their dorsal meat. The predominant fatty acids of dorsal meat were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid, AA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). The DHA content in the diet of Japanese catfish was higher than that in the diet of Thai catfish, and this was reflected in the dorsal meat of the Japanese catfish, which had a remarkably high percentage of DHA compared with the meat of the Thai catfish. Cultured Japanese catfish had a higher percentage of 18:2n-6 than Thai fish and a lower percentage of AA in winter than in summer season. There were also seasonal variations in the percentage of n-6 fatty acids in Japanese catfish. In summer, the fatty acid composition of the cultured Japanese catfish was similar to that of the wild catfish. These fatty acid changes in the lipid classes, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were similar to those observed for total lipids. These results indicate that the percentage of DHA in the dorsal meat of catfish is influenced by dietary fatty acid, and it may be that it can be increased in cultivated fish by administering a diet containing a large amount of DHA.
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Balani SK, Van Bladeren PJ, Shirai N, Jerina DM. Resolution and absolute configuration of K-region trans dihydrodiols from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00360a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Furuta T, Shirai N, Xiao F, Takashima M, Hanai H. Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on nutrition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16:799-806. [PMID: 11929399 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication on nutrition. METHODS The body weight, height, blood pressure, gastric juice pH and fasting serum levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects, and the effect of eradication of H. pylori on these parameters was determined. The development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease after treatment was also examined. Eight patients underwent a pancreatic function test before and after H. pylori eradication therapy. RESULTS The incidence of hypoproteinaemia in H. pylori-positive subjects was significantly higher than that in H. pylori-negative subjects. After eradication of H. pylori, the gastric juice pH values were significantly decreased, and the body weight and serum levels of total cholesterol, total protein and albumin were significantly increased. The incidence of hyperlipidaemia significantly increased and that of hypoproteinaemia significantly decreased in the group with eradication. Pancreatic function improved significantly after eradication of H. pylori. No significant changes in these parameters were observed in the group without eradication. Obese patients had a higher risk of the development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease after eradication of H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS The eradication of H. pylori appears to improve some nutritional parameters.
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Shirai N, Furuta T, Xiao F, Kajimura M, Hanai H, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Comparison of lansoprazole and famotidine for gastric acid inhibition during the daytime and night-time in different CYP2C19 genotype groups. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16:837-46. [PMID: 11929404 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acid inhibitory effect of lansoprazole depends on the S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase (CYP2C19) genotype status. The effect of famotidine is independent of this genotype. AIM To investigate the acid inhibitory effects of lansoprazole vs. famotidine during the daytime and night-time with reference to different CYP2C19 genotypes. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers were given 20 mg famotidine twice a day or 30 mg lansoprazole once a day for 8 days. On post-dose day 8, 24-h intragastric pH monitoring was performed. RESULTS During the daytime, the intragastric pH with lansoprazole was significantly higher than that with famotidine in the heterozygous extensive metabolizer group, whereas no significant difference was observed in the homozygous extensive metabolizer group. During the night-time, the intragastric pH with famotidine was quite similar to that with lansoprazole in the heterozygous extensive metabolizer and poor metabolizer groups. However, during the night-time, the intragastric pH with famotidine was significantly higher than that with lansoprazole in the homozygous extensive metabolizer group. CONCLUSIONS An insufficient acid inhibition by lansoprazole during the night-time in the homozygous extensive metabolizer group could be compensated for by famotidine. CYP2C19 genotype testing appears to be useful for predicting the optimal acid inhibitory drug treatment collated with circadian intragastric pH change.
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Shirai N, Terayama M, Takeda H. Effect of season on the fatty acid composition and free amino acid content of the sardine Sardinops melanostictus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 131:387-93. [PMID: 11959020 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the seasonal variation of fatty acid composition and free amino acid content in the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) from the sea of Hyuga-Nada, and the relationship between the fatty acid composition of this sardine and that of plankton in the area. The lipid content of sardines at the sea of Hyuga-Nada was low in February (1.8%) and high (7.2%) from July to September. The major fatty acids in the total lipids from sardine were myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), oleic acid (18:1 n-9), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). The characteristics of the fatty acids isolated from sardines in July were similar to those from plankton in the same season. This reflects the deposition of plankton fatty acids in sardine depot fat. The season of high free histidine content in the ordinary meat corresponded with that of high lipid content. These results suggested that both the fatty acid composition of sardines and the high concentrations of certain amino acids in free form are influenced by the intake and seasonal variation of composition of plankton.
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Shirai N, Furuta T, Moriyama Y, Okochi H, Kobayashi K, Takashima M, Xiao F, Kosuge K, Nakagawa K, Hanai H, Chiba K, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Effects of CYP2C19 genotypic differences in the metabolism of omeprazole and rabeprazole on intragastric pH. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:1929-37. [PMID: 11736724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omeprazole is mainly metabolized in the liver by CYP2C19, a genetically determined enzyme, whereas rabeprazole is mainly reduced non-enzymatically and partially metabolized by CYP2C19. The therapeutic effects of rabeprazole are therefore assumed to be less affected by an individual's CYP2C19 status. AIM To investigate the acid inhibitory effects and plasma levels of omeprazole and rabeprazole with reference to different CYP2C19 genotypes. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers took a daily dose of 20 mg of omeprazole or rabeprazole for 8 days. On post-dose days 1 and 8, 24-h profiles of intragastric pH were recorded and plasma concentrations of omeprazole, rabeprazole and their metabolites were determined. RESULTS After single and repeated doses of omeprazole, the intragastric pH values and plasma concentrations of omeprazole and its metabolites were significantly dependent on the CYP2C19 genotype. Significant differences in the same kinetic and dynamic parameters were also observed after single doses of rabeprazole. Although the plasma levels of rabeprazole differed among the different CYP2C19 genotype groups after repeated doses, no significant differences in intragastric pH values were observed. CONCLUSIONS The acid inhibitory effects of omeprazole and rabeprazole are significantly dependent on the CYP2C19 genotype status, as well as on their intrinsic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and dosing schemes.
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Katou F, Shirai N, Kimizuka S, Kamakura S, Echigo S, Motegi K. Comparison of reliability between the modified groin flap and the forearm flap in oral reconstruction. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2001; 92:602-5. [PMID: 11740475 DOI: 10.1067/moe.2001.118315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The groin flap has the advantage of minimum donor-site morbidity, while having the disadvantage of short vascular pedicle of small caliber. Modification of the groin flap has improved the former disadvantage, but the latter one remains. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of the modified groin flap with the forearm flap. STUDY DESIGN Eleven modified groin flaps and 40 forearm flaps consecutively performed by a single surgeon in a hospital for patients with oral cancer were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS The rate of total flap loss in the modified groin flap group (8.3%) was higher than that in the forearm flap group (2.5%). The rates of partial flap loss in both flaps were similar to those of total flap loss. The failures of the modified groin flap and the forearm flap were due to arterial and venous complications, respectively. CONCLUSION The modified groin flap appears to be a little less reliable than is forearm flap; nevertheless, it could be a good option for patients who desire less conspicuous postoperative scars.
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Watanabe T, Shirai N, Okada H, Honda Y, Kuwahara M. Production and chemiluminescent free radical reactions of glyoxal in lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid by the ligninolytic enzyme, manganese peroxidase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:6114-22. [PMID: 11733005 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxal is a key compound involved in glyoxal oxidase (GLOX)-dependent production of glyoxylate, oxalate and H2O2 by lignin-degrading basidiomycetes. In this paper, we report that glyoxal was produced from a metabolite of ligninolytic fungi, linoleic acid, by manganese peroxidase (MnP)-dependent lipid peroxidation. In the absence of the parent substrate of linoleic acid, the dialdehyde was oxidized by MnP and Mn(III) chelate to start free radical reactions with emission of chemiluminescence at 700-710 nm. The spectroscopic profile of the light emission is distinguishable from (a) singlet oxygen, (b) triplet carbonyls from dioxetane and alpha-hydroxyperoxyl radicals, and (c) biacyl triplet formed by the coupling of two acyl radicals. The photon emission of glyoxal by MnP was activated by co-oxidation of tartrate. The MnP-dependent oxidation of glyoxal in tartrate buffers continued for 10 days without addition of exogenous H2O2. The importance of these results is discussed in relation to the free radical chemistry of lignin biodegradation by wood rot fungi.
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Furuta T, Shirai N, Xiao F, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Effect of high-dose lansoprazole on intragastic pH in subjects who are homozygous extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P4502C19. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70:484-92. [PMID: 11719736 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.119721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIM Lansoprazole is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P4502C19 (CYP2C19) in the liver. The effect of lansoprazole is assumed to be insufficient in subjects who are homozygous extensive metabolizers of CYP2C19. This study aimed to examine whether the CYP2C19 genotype status affected the acid-inhibitory effects of lansoprazole and to develop a strategy to overcome this pharmacogenetic problem. METHODS Eighteen Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy volunteers, whose CYP2C19 genotypic status had been assessed, participated in the study. They consisted of 7 subjects who were homozygous extensive metabolizers, 7 subjects who were heterozygous extensive metabolizers, and 4 subjects who were poor metabolizers of CYP2C19, who took a placebo or lansoprazole 30 mg once daily in the morning for 8 days. On day 8 of dosing, 24-hour intragastric pH values were recorded. Five of the homozygous extensive metabolizer subjects underwent the 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring on day 8 of dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg 4 times daily. RESULTS When lansoprazole 30 mg was given once daily, the mean 24-hour intragastric pH values in the subjects who were homozygous extensive metabolizers, heterozygous extensive metabolizers, and poor metabolizers were 4.5, 4.9, and 5.5, respectively (P <.005). On day 8 of dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg 4 times daily in subjects who were homozygous extensive metabolizers, the mean 24-hour intragastric pH value was 7.4. CONCLUSION The effect of lansoprazole on intragastric pH depended significantly on CYP2C19 genotype status. Complete acid inhibition could be achieved by the frequent administration of lansoprazole (eg, 30 mg 4 times daily) in subjects who were homozygous extensive metabolizers. A genotyping test of CYP2C19 status appears useful for prescribing an optimal dosing scheme of lansoprazole.
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Sakai H, Tsukamoto T, Yamamoto M, Shirai N, Iidaka T, Yanai T, Masegi T, Tatematsu M. Differential effects of partial hepatectomy and carbon tetrachloride administration on induction of liver cell foci in a model for detection of initiation activity. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:1018-25. [PMID: 11676851 PMCID: PMC5926621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential effects of partial hepatectomy (PH) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) administration on induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci were investigated in a model for detection of initiation activity. Firstly, we surveyed cell proliferation kinetics and fluctuation in cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA levels by means of relative-quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and CYP 2E1 apoprotein amount by immunoblotting (experiment I) after PH or CCl(4) administration. Next, to assess the interrelationships among cell proliferation, fluctuation of CYPs after PH or CCl(4) administration and induction of liver cell foci, the non-hepatocarcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was administered to 7-week-old male F344 rats and initiated populations were selected using the resistant hepatocyte model (experiment II). In experiment I, the values of all CYP isozyme mRNAs after PH or CCl(4) administration were drastically decreased at the 12-h time point. From 72 h, mRNAs for all CYP isozymes began increasing, with complete recovery after 7 days. The CYP 2E1 apoprotein content in the PH group fluctuated weakly, whereas in the CCl(4) group it had decreased rapidly after 12 h and was still low at the 48 h point. In experiment II, induction of GST-P-positive foci was related to cell kinetics in the PH group, with about a 6-h time lag between time for carcinogen administration giving greatest induction of GST-P-positive foci and peaks in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling, presumably due to the necessity for bioactivation of DMH. With CCl(4) administration, induction of foci appeared dependent on the recovery of CYP 2E1. In conclusion, PH was able to induce cell proliferation with maintenance of CYP 2E1, therefore being advantageous for induction of liver cell foci in models to detect initiation activity.
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Yamagishi H, Akioka K, Shirai N, Yoshiyama M, Teragaki M, Takeuchi K, Yoshikawa J, Ochi H. Effects of smoking on myocardial injury in patients with conservatively treated acute myocardial infarction: a study with resting 123I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid/201Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 2001; 65:769-74. [PMID: 11548873 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.65.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many reports have demonstrated that smokers who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a better prognosis than nonsmokers. The present study investigated the effects of current smoking on myocardial injury with resting 123I-15-iodophenyl 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)/201Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in 103 patients with conservatively treated AMI. The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 9 segments and BMIPP and 201Tl defects were scored using a 5-point grading system (0 = normal and 4 = no uptake). The sum of the defect scores was defined as the total defect score. There was no significant difference in either the baseline severity of the coronary artery disease or the total defect scores for BMIPP and 201Tl between the current smoker and nonsmoker groups. The difference between the total defect scores for BMIPP and 201Tl tended to be larger in the current smoker group than in the nonsmoker group (2.0 +/- 1.9 vs 1.3 +/- 1.6, p = 0.056). Forty-one (53%) of 77 patients in the current smoker group exhibited a BMIPP/201Tl mismatch, whereas only 8 (31%) of 26 patients in the nonsmoker group did (p = 0.047). In conclusion, current smokers had more likelihood of salvageable myocardium in areas at risk, as demonstrated by BMIPP/201Tl mismatch, in AMI than nonsmokers.
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Sakai H, Yamane T, Yanai T, Shirai N, Masegi T. Expression of cyclin kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in skin tumours of dogs. J Comp Pathol 2001; 125:153-8. [PMID: 11578131 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin tumours (n=148) of epidermal or hair follicle origin were examined immunohistochemically to determine the expression of p27(Kip1)(p27), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), and of Ki-67. In normal skin, a large number of basal cells of the epidermis and hair follicles were positive for Ki-67 and many suprabasal epithelial cells were positive for p27. Most of the hair matrix cells were positive for Ki-67 but negative for p27. Hair papillae were strongly positive for p27. Squamous cell carcinomas had a p27 positive index (PI) significantly lower than that of trichoepitheliomas (P<0.005), basal cell tumours (P<0.05) and intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas (P<0.001). In contrast, Ki-67 PIs of squamous cell carcinomas and pilomatrixomas were significantly higher than those of trichoepitheliomas, basal cell tumours and intracutaneous cornifying epitheliomas (P<0.01 to P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the Ki-67 PI values of squamous cell carcinomas and pilomatrixomas. The results suggested that p27 is capable of suppressing cell proliferation in the differentiation of normal canine skin. In spite of being a benign neoplasm, pilomatrixomas had a low p27 expression; this may be a reflection of the proliferative potential of the hair matrix. The expression of p27 may be a useful marker for the analysis of cell kinetics.
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Furuta T, Shirai N, Takashima M, Xiao F, Hanai H, Nakagawa K, Sugimura H, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Effects of genotypic differences in CYP2C19 status on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by dual therapy with rabeprazole plus amoxicillin. PHARMACOGENETICS 2001; 11:341-8. [PMID: 11434512 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200106000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rabeprazole is a potent proton pump inhibitor and is mainly reduced to thioether rabeprazole by a non-enzymatic pathway and partially metabolized to demethylated rabeprazole by CYP2C19 in the liver. We intended to determine a cure rate for Helicobacter pylori infection by dual rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status prospectively. Ninety-seven patients with gastritis and H. pylori infection completed the dual therapy with 10 mg of rabeprazole bid and 500 mg of amoxicillin tid for 2 weeks. At 1 month after treatment, cure of H. pylori infection was assessed on the basis of histology, a rapid urease test, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 13C-urea breath test. CYP2C19 genotype status was determined by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Of the 97 patients, 33 were homozygous extensive metabolizers (homEM), 48 were heterozygous extensive metabolizers (hetEM), and 16 were poor metabolizers (PM). Cure of H. pylori infection was achieved in 79 of the 97 patients (81.4%, 95%CI = 71.9-88.7). Significant differences in cure rates among the homEM, hetEM, and PM groups were observed; 60.6% (95%CI = 42.1-77.3), 91.7% (95%CI = 80.0-97.7), and 93.8% (95%CI = 69.8-99.8), respectively (P = 0.0007). Twelve patients without cure after initial treatment (10 homEMs and 2 hetEMs) were successfully retreated with rabeprazole 10 mg q.i.d. and amoxicillin 500 mg q.i.d. for 2 weeks. The cure rates for H. pylori infection by dual rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy depended on the CYP2C19 genotype status. This dual therapy appears to be effective for hetEM and PM patients. However, high dose dual rabeprazole/amoxicillin therapy was effective even for homEM patients. Therefore, the genotyping test of CYP2C19 appears to be a clinically useful tool for the optimal dual treatment with rabeprazole plus amoxicillin.
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Xiao F, Furuta T, Takashima M, Shirai N, Hanai H. Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on gastric acid secretion in Helicobacter pylori-infected C57BL/6 mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36:577-83. [PMID: 11424315 DOI: 10.1080/003655201750162971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori-associated body gastritis inhibits gastric acid secretion. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of H. pylori infection on gastric acid secretion and further determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 was involved. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were inoculated with the Sydney strain of H. pylori. Control mice (n = 40) were treated with vehicle only. Half of the infected and control mice were fed an experimental diet containing etodolac (10 mg/kg/day) from 1 week after inoculation until the end of the experiment. Before, 12 and 24 weeks after inoculation, the gastric acid secretion, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the gastric mucosa, and gastritis scores according to the updated Sydney system were determined. Immunohistochemical staining of COX-2 protein was also performed. RESULTS No significant changes in gastric acid secretion, gastritis scores or PGE2 levels in the gastric mucosa were observed in uninfected groups with or without etodolac treatment during the study period. In the H. pylori-infected group without etodolac treatment, gastric acid secretion was significantly decreased with increases in PGE2 levels in the gastric mucosa 24 weeks after inoculation compared with the controls. Gastritis score for activity was significantly higher, and strong staining for COX-2 protein was observed in the H. pylori-infected group. In the H. pylori-infected group with etodolac treatment, PGE2 in the gastric mucosa was decreased and acid secretion was restored to the same level as in the control group. CONCLUSION One of the mechanisms by which H. pylori infection inhibits gastric acid secretion is increased release of PGE2 produced by COX-2, which is induced by H. pylori infection.
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Xiao F, Furuta T, Takashima M, Shirai N, Hanai H. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 in hyperplastic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in C57BL/6 mice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15:875-86. [PMID: 11380326 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The hyperplastic changes observed in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis have been considered to increase the risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 is involved in the hyperplastic changes in mice infected with H. pylori. METHODS Seven-week-old, male C57BL/6 mice (n=40) were inoculated with the Sydney strain of H. pylori. Control mice (n=40) were treated with vehicle only. Half of the infected and control mice were fed an experimental diet containing etodolac (10 mg/kg/day) from 1 week after inoculation until the end of the experiment. The thickness of gastric pits, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the gastric mucosa were determined before and 12, and 24 weeks after inoculation. RESULTS The thickness of gastric pits, COX-2 mRNA and protein levels, and PGE2 levels were significantly increased at 24 weeks after inoculation of H. pylori compared with the control groups. Treatment with etodolac resulted in significant decreases in PGE2 production and in the thickness of gastric pits in the infected groups at 24 weeks after inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that COX-2 is involved in the development of hyperplastic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection via the production of PGE2.
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Shirai N, Suzuki H, Toukairin S, Wada S. Spawning and season affect lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovary and liver in Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 129:185-95. [PMID: 11337262 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The influences of spawning and season on lipid content, lipid classes, and fatty acid composition were assessed in ovary and liver of wild and cultured Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus). The lipid content (7.3+/-1.6 g/100 g wet wt.) of ovary from wild catfish at spawning was higher than that at post-spawn. However, no influence of spawning on the lipid content of liver was observed. Docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, C22:6(n-3)] in ovary lipids was 12.3+/-0.5% of total fatty acids. The percentage of n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerol from the ovary and liver in the spawning season was high. Percentages of C22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from ovary were higher during spawning than after spawning. No significant differences were observed in the lipid content of ovary and liver from cultured catfish between seasons (summer vs. winter). Content of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) in ovary and liver from cultured catfish was higher in summer than in winter. There were differences in lipid classes of ovary and liver by spawning and season. These results suggest that the lipid metabolism in Japanese catfish is greatly influenced by spawning and season.
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Ogura Y, Shirai N, Tanida J, Ichioka Y. Wavelength-multiplexing diffractive phase elements: design, fabrication, and performance evaluation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2001; 18:1082-1092. [PMID: 11336211 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.18.001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the wavelength-multiplexing diffractive phase element (WMDPE) capable of generating independent spot patterns for different wavelengths. The iterative method proposed by Bengtsson [Appl. Opt. 37, 1998] for designing a kinoform that produces different patterns for two wavelengths is extended to the WMDPE for multiple wavelengths (more than two wavelengths). Effectiveness of the design algorithm is verified by design and computer simulations on the WMDPE's for four and nine wavelengths. The WMDPE for three wavelengths (441.6, 543.5, and 633 nm) is designed with five phase levels and is fabricated by electron-beam lithography. We observed that the individual spot patterns are reconstructed for the design wavelengths correctly. Performance of the WMDPE is evaluated by computer simulations on the uniformity error, the light efficiency, and the contrast. On the basis of the results, the characteristics of the WMDPE's are discussed in terms of various conditions of fabrication and usage.
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Furuta T, Shirai N, Takashima M, Xiao F, Hanai H, Sugimura H, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T, Kaneko E. Effect of genotypic differences in CYP2C19 on cure rates for Helicobacter pylori infection by triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69:158-68. [PMID: 11240980 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole are mainly metabolized by CYP2C19 in the liver. The therapeutic effects of proton pump inhibitors are assumed to depend on CYP2C19 genotype status. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether CYP2C19 genotype status was related to eradication rates of H pylori by triple proton pump inhibitor-clarithromycin-amoxicillin (INN, amoxicilline) therapy and attempted to establish a strategy for treatment after failure to eradicate H pylori. METHODS A total of 261 patients infected with H pylori completed initial treatment with 20 mg of omeprazole or 30 mg of lansoprazole twice a day, 200 mg of clarithromycin three times a day, and 500 mg of amoxicillin three times a day for 1 week. CYP2C19 genotypes of patients were determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Patients without eradication after initial treatment were retreated with 30 mg of lansoprazole four times daily and 500 mg of amoxicillin four times daily for 2 weeks. RESULTS Eradication rates for H pylori were 72.7% (95% confidence interval, 64.4%-81.8%), 92.1% (confidence interval, 86.4%-97.3%), and 97.8% (confidence interval, 88.5%-99.9%) in the homozygous extensive, heterozygous extensive, and poor metabolizer groups, respectively. Thirty-four of 35 patients without eradication had an extensive metabolizer genotype of CYP2C19. Nineteen of those patients were infected with clarithromycin-resistant strains of H pylori. However, there were no amoxicillin-resistant strains of H pylori. Re-treatment of H pylori infection with dual high-dose lansoprazole-amoxicillin therapy succeeded in 30 of 31 patients with extensive metabolizer genotype of CYP2C19. CONCLUSION The majority of patients without initial eradication of H pylori had an extensive metabolizer CYP2C19 genotype but were successfully re-treated with high doses of lansoprazole and an antibiotic to which H pylori was sensitive, such as amoxicillin, even when the patients were infected with clarithromycin-resistant strains of H pylori.
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Chang RL, Wood AW, Kumar S, Lehr RE, Shirai N, Jerina DM, Conney AH. Tumorigenicity of four optically active bay-region 3,4-diol 1, 2-epoxides and other derivatives of the nitrogen heterocycle dibenz[c,h]acridine on mouse skin and in newborn mice. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:1997-2003. [PMID: 11062160 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.11.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen heterocycle dibenz[c,h]acridine (DB[c,h]ACR) and the enantiomers of the diastereomeric pair of bay-region 3,4-diol 1, 2-epoxides as well as other bay-region epoxides and dihydrodiol derivatives of this hydrocarbon have been evaluated for tumorigenicity on mouse skin and in the newborn mouse. On mouse skin, a single topical application of 50 or 200 nmol of compound was followed 10 days later by twice-weekly applications of the tumor promoter 12-O:-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 20 weeks. DB[c, h]ACR and the four optically pure, bay-region 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide isomers all had significant tumor- initiating activity. The isomer with (1R,2S,3S,4R) absolute configuration [(+)-DE-2] was the most active diol epoxide isomer. The (-)-(3R,4R)-dihydrodiol of DB[c, h]ACR, the expected metabolic precursor of the bay-region (+)-DE-2, was 4- to 6-fold more tumorigenic than its corresponding (+)-enantiomer. In tumorigenicity studies in newborn mice, a total dose of 70-175 nmol of DB[c,h]ACR or one of its derivatives was injected i.p. on days 1, 8 and 15 of life, and tumorigenic activity was determined when the mice were 36-39 weeks old. DB[c,h]ACR produced a significant number of pulmonary tumors and also produced hepatic tumors in male mice. Of the four optically active bay-region diol epoxides, only (+)-DE-2 and (+)-DE-1 with (1R,2S,3S,4R) and (1S, 2R,3S,4R) absolute configuration, respectively, produced a significant tumor incidence. At an equivalent dose, the (+)-DE-2 isomer produced several-fold more pulmonary tumors and hepatic tumors than the (+)-DE-1 isomer. The (-)-(3R,4R)-dihydrodiol, metabolic precursor of the bay-region (+)-DE-2, was strongly active and induced an equal number of pulmonary and hepatic tumors as did DB[c,h]ACR. The (+)-(3S,4S) dihydrodiol was less active. The bay-region (+)-(1R,2S)-epoxide of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro DB[c,h]ACR was strongly tumorigenic in newborn mice whereas its (-)-(1S, 2R)-enantiomer was inactive. This contrasts with the data on mouse skin where both enantiomers had substantial tumorigenic activity. In summary, the bay-region (+)-(1R,2S,3S,4R)-3,4-diol 1,2-epoxide of DB[c,h]ACR was the most tumorigenic of the four optically active bay-region diol epoxides of DB[c,h]ACR on mouse skin and in the newborn mouse. These results with a nitrogen heterocycle are similar to earlier data indicating high tumorigenic activity for the R,S,S,R bay-region diol epoxides of several carbocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Yamamoto M, Tsukamoto T, Sakai H, Shirai N, Ohgaki H, Furihata C, Donehower LA, Yoshida K, Tatematsu M. p53 knockout mice (-/-) are more susceptible than (+/-) or (+/+) mice to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea stomach carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:1891-7. [PMID: 11023548 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.10.1891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene constitute one of the most frequent molecular changes in a wide variety of human cancers. Mice deficient in p53 have recently attracted attention for their potential to identify chemical genotoxins. In this study we have investigated the susceptibility of p53 nullizygote (-/-), heterozygote (+/-) and wild-type (+/+) mice to N:-methyl-N:-nitrosourea (MNU) gastric carcinogenesis. p53 knockout mice were treated with 30 p.p.m. MNU in the drinking water 1 week on and 1 week off and killed after 5 weeks. The numbers of pepsinogen-altered pyloric glands (PAPG), putative preneoplastic lesions, were 1.8, 1.7 and 22.6 in p53 (+/+), (+/-) and (-/-) mice, respectively. In a 15 week experiment, adenomas were found in 0 of 19 (+/+) (0%), 2 of 21 (+/-) (9.5%) and 6 of 10 (-/-) (60.0%) animals. Also, one well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed in a p53 (-/-) mouse. After 40 weeks treatment with 120 or 30 p.p.m. MNU there was no significant difference in the incidence of gastric tumors between p53 (+/+) and (+/-) mice. However, mortality from carcinogen-induced lymphomas, leukemias and sarcomas was very much greater in the latter group. Homozygous knockout animals could not be maintained long term. PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene of DNA extracts from 68 gastric tumors consisting of 16 and 20 30 p.p.m. MNU-treated p53 (+/+) and (+/-) mice and 14 and 18 120 p.p.m. MNU-treated p53 (+/+) and (+/-) mice demonstrated no mutations. These results suggest that p53 may not be a direct target of MNU but rather play an important role as a gatekeeper in mouse stomach carcinogenesis induced by this direct acting agent.
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Akai J, Makita N, Sakurada H, Shirai N, Ueda K, Kitabatake A, Nakazawa K, Kimura A, Hiraoka M. A novel SCN5A mutation associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation without typical ECG findings of Brugada syndrome. FEBS Lett 2000; 479:29-34. [PMID: 10940383 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human cardiac Na+ channel alpha subunit gene (SCN5A) are responsible for Brugada syndrome, an idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) subgroup characterized by right bundle branch block and ST elevation on an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the molecular basis of IVF in subgroups lacking these ECG findings has not been elucidated. We performed genetic screenings of Japanese IVF patients and found a novel SCN5A missense mutation (S1710L) in one symptomatic IVF patient that did not exhibit the typical Brugada ECG. Heterologously expressed S1710L channels showed marked acceleration in the current decay together with a large hyperpolarizing shift of steady-state inactivation and depolarizing shift of activation. These findings suggest that SCN5A is one of the responsible genes for IVF patients who do not show typical ECG manifestations of the Brugada syndrome.
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