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Mukhopadhyay HG, Vohra LS, Sharma AK, Solanki R, Reddy PS, Chopra GS, Subhas P. LIVER RESECTION FOR METASTASES FROM COLORECTAL CANCER. Med J Armed Forces India 1999; 55:9-12. [PMID: 28775554 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Five percent of patients with liver secondaries from colorectal carcinoma are potentially resectable and several studies have demonstrated significantly improved survival following resection. Two hundred and ten patients operated for colorectal carcinoma were followed up. Computed tomography confirmed potentially resectable metastasis to the liver in 38. On exploration 18 patients who had 4 or less hepatic metastases and no extrahepatic disease, underwent resection of their secondaries. Fourteen were males and 4 females with a mean age of 43.5 (SD 13.6, range 18-72) years. Ten patients presented with synchronous liver metastasis and 8 had metachronous disease. There was no post-operative mortality. All 18 have been followed up. for a median period of 23.5 (range 12-38) months. Seven patients are alive and well with no evidence of recurrence at a median period of 28 months (survival 39%). Four are alive with local recurrence in the liver. Median time to recurrence was 22 months. Seven patients have died of disseminated disease. The disease free survival at 28 months is 39% and the overall survival 61%. A close follow-up protocol for all patient undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer is essential, if such patients are to be selected early.
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Reddy PS, Idamakanti N, Song JY, Lee JB, Hyun BH, Park JH, Cha SH, Bae YT, Tikoo SK, Babiuk LA. Nucleotide sequence and transcription map of porcine adenovirus type 3. Virology 1998; 251:414-26. [PMID: 9837805 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of porcine adenovirus type 3 was determined and a transcriptional map for the genome was constructed. The size of the genome is 34094 bp in length with an unusually high G + C content (63.7%), the highest thus far reported for any adenovirus. Overall organization of the genome is similar to that for previously sequenced adenoviral DNAs, but there also were distinct differences. The late regions genes are organized into six families, instead of five as they are in human adenovirus type 2. In contrast to bovine adenovirus type 3 and ovine adenovirus, which lack virion-associated RNA genes, the nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral genome indicates that it encodes one short VA RNA species. With the exception of the fiber and a 33-kDa nonstructural protein, the predicted amino acid sequences of the open reading frames in the late regions and the E2 region and IVa2 exhibited a high level of homology, whereas the deduced amino acid sequences of ORFs in E1, E3, and E4 regions, and the pIX showed a lesser homology with the corresponding proteins of other adenoviruses. The proteins V, VII, and IX are unusually long, and the protein VII lacks the consensus protease cleavage site. Genomic and cDNA sequence analysis has identified promoters, cap sites, intron-exon boundaries, polyadenylation signals, and polyadenylation sites in the viral genome.
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53
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Reddy PS, Idamakanti N, Song JY, Lee JB, Hyun BH, Park JH, Cha SH, Tikoo SK, Babiuk LA. Sequence and transcription map analysis of early region-1 of porcine adenovirus type-3. Virus Res 1998; 58:97-106. [PMID: 9879766 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(98)00107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a region of the genome of porcine adenovirus-3 (PAV-3) between map units 1 and 12.2 was determined. The sequenced region included four major open reading frames, and several transcription control elements. Homology studies, using the deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frames, revealed genes coding for the E1A, E1B 202R, E1B 474R and pIX proteins. The region was characterized by Northern blot analysis and sequencing of cDNA clones. In PAV-3, the E1A region is located between 1.5 and 3.8 map units. Alternate splice donor sites are used to produce four different types of transcripts from the primary transcript of the E1A region. The E1A proteins of PAV-3 contain a consensus zinc finger motif, which was shown to be the principal transactivation region of human adenovirus-5 (HAV-5) E1A proteins. The PAV-3 E1A proteins also contain a retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (pRb) binding motif, which in HAVs interacts with cellular Rb protein to overcome the pRb mediated transcription repression. The E1B region in PAV-3 maps between 4.0 and 12.2 map units, and shares a polyadenylation signal and polyadenylation sites with the gene coding for pIX. A single major and a number of minor mRNA species are produced from the E1B region. The open reading frame (ORF) analysis of cDNA representing major mRNA produced from the E1B region showed two overlapping ORFs corresponding to 19K and 55K ORFs of HAV-2. In PAV-3, the gene coding for pIX is located between 9.9 and 12.2 map units and codes for a protein of 199 amino acids.
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54
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Lee JB, Baxi MK, Idamakanti N, Reddy PS, Zakhartchouk AN, Pyne C, Babiuk LA, Tikoo SK. Genetic organization and DNA sequence of early region 4 of bovine adenovirus type 3. Virus Genes 1998; 17:99-100. [PMID: 9778793 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008017404513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have identified and sequenced 3614 nucleotides located at the extreme right-end of the bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAV3) genome from map units 89.5-100. Analysis of the sequence revealed an inverted terminal repeat (ITR) of 195 bp, and identified five open reading frames (ORFs) designated ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4 and ORF5. When compared with known E4 ORFs of other adenoviruses, ORFs 1, 2 and 4, which code for proteins of 143, 69 and 143 amino acids respectively, were found to be unique to BAV3. ORFs 3 and 5, which code for proteins of 268 and 219 amino acids respectively, showed partial homology to the E4 34 kDa protein of human adenovirus 2. Nucleotide sequence analysis also identified two potential TATA boxes upstream of ORF1 and a potential polyadenylation signal downstream of ORF5 suggesting that E4 transcripts may be 3' co-terminal.
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55
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Zakhartchouk AN, Reddy PS, Baxi M, Baca-Estrada ME, Mehtali M, Babiuk LA, Tikoo SK. Construction and characterization of E3-deleted bovine adenovirus type 3 expressing full-length and truncated form of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gD. Virology 1998; 250:220-9. [PMID: 9770436 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using the homologous recombination machinery of E. coli, a 1.245-kb deletion was introduced in the E3 region of bovine adenovirus 3 (BAV3) genomic DNA cloned in a plasmid. Transfection of the restriction enzyme-excised, linear E3-deleted BAV3 genomic DNA into primary fetal bovine retina cells produced infectious virus (BAV3. E3d), suggesting that all the E3-specific open reading frames are nonessential for virus replication in vitro. Using a similar approach, we constructed replication-competent (BAV3.E3gD and BAV3. E3gDt) BAV3 recombinant expressing full-length (gD) or truncated (gDt) glycoprotein of bovine herpes virus 1. Recombinant gD and gDt proteins expressed by BAV3.E3gD and BAV3.E3gDt, respectively, were recognized by gD-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against conformational epitopes, suggesting that antigenicity of recombinant gD and gDt was similar to that of the native gD expressed in bovine herpes virus 1-infected cells. Intranasal immunization of cotton rats induced strong gD- and BAV3-specific IgA and IgG immune responses. These results suggest that replication-competent bovine adenovirus 3-based vectors have potential for the delivery of vaccine antigens to the mucosal surfaces of animals.
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MESH Headings
- Adenovirus E3 Proteins/genetics
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Cattle
- Cell Line
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- DNA, Recombinant
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Mastadenovirus/genetics
- Mastadenovirus/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Sigmodontinae
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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56
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Shankar S, Kumar R, Kalra SP, Reddy PS, Sharma SK, Rao KS, Menon A. CARCINOID SYNDROME. Med J Armed Forces India 1998; 54:340-342. [PMID: 28775527 PMCID: PMC5531685 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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57
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Baxi MK, Reddy PS, Zakhartchouk AN, Idamakanti N, Pyne C, Babiuk LA, Tikoo SK. Characterization of bovine adenovirus type 3 early region 2B. Virus Genes 1998; 16:313-6. [PMID: 9654686 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008047225872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 6999 base pair region of bovine adenovirus-3 covering map units 9.0 to 29.17, which contained the adenovirus homologs of IVa2 protein and the DNA replication proteins, precursor of terminal protein and DNA polymerase proteins. Analysis of the sequence for cis-acting elements suggests that transcripts of DNA polymerase and precursor of terminal protein are 3' co-terminal. In addition, this region also contains major late promoter sequence. The sequence to the left of IVa2 contains the ORF of pIX with a potential TATA box immediately upstream and two polyadenylation consensus signals immediately downstream of the ORF.
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58
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) uses various mechanisms to ensure that only properly folded proteins enter the secretory pathway. For proteins that oligomerize in the ER, the proper tertiary and quaternary structures must be achieved before their release. Although some proteins fold before oligomerization, others initiate oligomerization cotranslationally. Here, we discuss these different strategies and some of the unique problems they present for the ER quality control system. One mechanism used by the ER is thiol retention. Thiol retention operates by monitoring the redox state of specific cysteine residue(s) and was discovered in studies on the assembly of IgM, a complex oligomeric glycoprotein. This system is also involved in retaining other unassembled proteins in the ER. Mutations that result in uneven numbers of cysteine residues can subject yet other proteins to thiol retention, altering their oligomerization status and function. The implications of these results on the effects of thiol retention on protein function and cell fate are discussed.
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59
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Singh P, Batish VK, Sarup S, Reddy PS, Prakash S. Spinal epidural tuberculoma simulating prolapsed intervertebral lumber disc. Neurol India 1998; 46:152-155. [PMID: 29508808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
50 year old man presented with right sciatica syndrome of 10 months duration. Clinically and radiologically he seemed to have prolapse of intervertebral disc at L5 - S1. At surgery a well demarcated greyish yellow mas sticking to S1 root and adjacemt dura was found. Histology confirmed it to be tuberculoma. Patient was put on anti-tubercular chemotherapy and made good recovery.
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60
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Reddy PS, Sabhikhi AK, Rai R. Microfilariae in fine needle aspirates of the liver. Acta Cytol 1998; 42:454. [PMID: 9568163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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61
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Reddy PS, Idamakanti N, Zakhartchouk AN, Baxi MK, Lee JB, Pyne C, Babiuk LA, Tikoo SK. Nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and transcription map of bovine adenovirus type 3. J Virol 1998; 72:1394-402. [PMID: 9445040 PMCID: PMC124618 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.2.1394-1402.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete DNA sequence of bovine adenovirus type 3 is reported here. The size of the genome is 34,446 bp in length with a G+C content of 54%. All the genes of the early and late regions are present in the expected locations of the genome. However, the late-region genes are organized into seven families, instead of five as they are in human adenovirus type 2. The deduced amino acid sequences of open reading frames (ORFs) in the late regions and early region 2 (E2) and for IVa2 show higher degrees of homology, whereas the predicted amino acid sequences of ORFs in the E1, E3, and E4 regions and the pIX, fiber, and 33,000-molecular-weight nonstructural proteins show little or no homology with the corresponding proteins of other adenoviruses. In addition, the penton base protein lacks the integrin binding motif, RGD, but has an LDV motif instead of an MDV motif. Interestingly, as in other animal adenoviruses, the virus-associated RNA genes appear to be absent from their usual location. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones representing the early- and late-region genes identified splice acceptor and splice donor sites, polyadenylation signals and polyadenylation sites, and tripartite leader sequences.
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62
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Singh P, Batish VK, Sarup S, Reddy PS, Prakash S. Cerebello-pontine angle choroid plexus papilloma. Neurol India 1998; 46:66-68. [PMID: 29504598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 23 years male presented with clinical and rardiological features of right CP angle papillary tumour. Histopathology confirmed it to he choroid plexus papilloma, which is a rare CP angle tumour.
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63
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Reddy PS, Idamakanti N, Derbyshire JB, Nagy E. Characterization of the early region 4 of porcine adenovirus type 3. Virus Genes 1997; 15:87-90. [PMID: 9354276 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007935720501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a 3028 bp DNA segment, located between map co-ordinates 100 and 92 in the genome of porcine adenovirus type 3 (PAV-3), was determined. The segment includes the entire early region 4 (E-4) and the right inverted terminal repeat sequences. There were two TATA boxes and one canonical polyadenylation signal on the 1 strand. Homology searches of the GenBank data base for the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that, of the eight open reading frames (ORFs) on the 1 strand, and four ORFs on the r strand, only ORF 8 on the 1 strand showed homology with the 34 kDa E-4 protein of human adenovirus types 2, 12 and 34. Northern blot analysis showed that transcription from the E-4 region of PAV-3 began 4 h after infection, peaked at 8 h and declined after 10 h, before DNA replication began 16 h after infection. The E-4 region of PAV-3 was further characterized by 5' and 3' end mapping of the transcription unit.
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64
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Chaudhry R, Singh B, Patnaik PK, Pruthi HS, Reddy PS, Thakur SK. EOSINOPHILIC GASTROENTERITIS (A Report of Two Cases). Med J Armed Forces India 1997; 53:309-310. [PMID: 28769522 PMCID: PMC5531109 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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65
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Reddy PS, Tuberty SR, Fingerman M. Effects of cadmium and mercury on ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 1997; 37:62-65. [PMID: 9212337 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1997.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo mercury significantly inhibited ovarian maturation in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced ovarian maturation in vivo. Cadmium and mercury inhibited this 5-HT-induced maturation. Ovarian explants incubated with mercury and either brain or muscle demonstrated significant inhibition of [14C]leucine incorporation into ovarian proteins compared to the corresponding groups incubated without mercury. In the absence of mercury the brain, which contains a gonad-stimulating hormone (GSH), induced significantly more incorporation of this amino acid than occurred in the ovaries incubated with muscle. These metals may have exerted their inhibitory effects by directly inhibiting protein synthesis in the ovaries, inhibiting 5-HT-stimulated GSH release, and preventing the ovaries from responding to this hormone.
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66
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Sudhakar C, Ramanjulu S, Reddy PS, Veeranjaneyulu K. Response of some Calvin cycle enzymes subjected to salinity shock in vitro. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1997; 35:665-7. [PMID: 9357176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leaf enzyme extracts of 10 day old seedlings of horsegram were subjected to NaCl or Na2SO4 treatment in vitro. Salinity shock caused decline in the activities of RuBP carboxylase, R-5-P kinase, R-5-P isomerase and NADP-Gly-3-P dehydrogenase. At low concentrations, Na2SO4 did not alter the activities of R-5-P kinase, R-5-P isomerase and NADP-Gly-3-P dehydrogenase. RuBP carboxylase was found to be more sensitive to salt shock than the other enzymes studied. Further, NaCl was more toxic to the enzyme activities as compared to Na2SO4.
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67
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Abstract
The expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences has now been shown to be the underlying cause of at least ten human disorders. Unifying features among these diseases include the unstable behavior of the triplet repeat during germline transmission when the length of the repeat exceeds a critical value. However, the trinucleotide repeat disorders can be divided into two distinct groups. Type I disorders involve the expansion of CAG repeats, which encode an expanded polyglutamine, inserted into the open-reading frame of a gene that is usually quite broadly expressed. Recently, mouse models for type I disorders have been developed and the basis of pathology is under study, both in these models and through biochemical and cell biological approaches. The type II disorders involve repeat expansions in noncoding regions of genes. The mechanisms by which these repeat expansions lead to pathology may be quite diverse.
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68
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Sabhikhi AK, Verma PP, Reddy PS, Kumar H, Rai R. FABRY'S DISEASE: A Case Report. Med J Armed Forces India 1997; 53:142-144. [PMID: 28769466 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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69
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Reddy PS, Nguyen LK, Obih P, Fingerman M. Effect of cadmium chloride on the distal retinal pigment cells of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 1997; 58:504-510. [PMID: 9008064 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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70
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic abdominal pain and frequent bowel disturbance are common symptoms experienced by more than 15% of apparently healthy people. In areas endemic for Entamoeba histolytica infection, these symptoms are often diagnosed as non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis even though no causal relation between such symptoms and E histolytica has been established and clinical presentation of non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not distinct. This study was done to assess the clinical significance of E histolytica infection in causation of such symptoms. METHODS Patients with symptoms suggestive of non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis were recruited from a survey to assess the prevalence of abdominal symptoms in the general population (group A; n = 78) and from medical outpatient clinics (group B; n = 66). Participants who had symptoms as well as symptom-free controls (group C; n = 100) were clinically examined and underwent stool examination, amoebic serology, colonoscopic examination, histopathological examination of colonoscopic biopsy samples, and a trial of antiamoebic therapy (only for participants with symptoms) with metronidazole and mebendazole. FINDINGS There were no significant differences between the 144 patients with symptoms and the 100 symptom-free controls in the proportion with E histolytica in stools (26 [18%] vs 18 [18%]), serological evidence of E histolytica infection (61 [42%] vs 41 [41%]), colonoscopic abnormalities (five of 66 vs one of 33), or histopathological abnormalities (36 [49%] of 73 vs ten [30%] of 33). Cyst-positive and cyst-negative individuals showed no significant difference in serological evidence of E histolytic infection, histological abnormalities, or response to therapeutic trial with metronidazole. A diagnosis of IBS was suggested on the basis of consensus criteria and Kruis diagnostic index in 127 of 144 patients with symptoms. The diagnosis of non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis could be made in only one patient, who had relapse of symptoms within 6 weeks of antiamoebic therapy and therefore the relapse did not meet criteria for the diagnosis of non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis. More than 60% of cyst-positive as well as cyst-negative patients with symptoms showed either complete or partial response to treatment strategy for IBS. INTERPRETATION Chronic bowel symptoms, such as pain in abdomen and frequent bowel disturbance, have no association with either past or present infection with E histolytica. Most patients with such symptoms are likely to have IBS. The clinical entity of non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis, if it exists, must be extremely rare.
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71
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Gokhale S, Ohri VC, Subramanya H, Reddy PS, Sharma SC. Subcutaneous and osteolytic rhinosporidiosis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1997; 40:95-8. [PMID: 9145623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A young man presented with multiple Subcutaneous nodules over scalp, hand, feet and osteolytic lesions of small bones of hand. Clinically and radiologically he was diagnosed as a case of Giant Cell Tumour. Aspiration cytology and biopsy proved it to be rhinosporidiosis. Epidemiological study revealed that he perhaps contracted this infection as an occupational hazard. This is the third reported case of osteolytic lesions due to rhinosporidiosis. Diagnostic dilemmas of subcutaneous and osteolytic rhinosporidiosis are discussed.
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72
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Sankaranarayan S, Naik E, Reddy PS, Gurunani G, Ganesh K, Gandewar K, Singh KP, Vermund SH. Impact of school-based HIV and AIDS education for adolescents in Bombay, India. THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 1996; 27:692-5. [PMID: 9253868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS epidemic in India is expanding rapidly. The present study is a pre-test-post-test evaluation of a school-based HIV/AIDS educational program. The pre-test was administered to 2,919 students regarding modes of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS. An education program was instituted for one half school day at ten secondary schools. Principals of two schools refused to participate. One month later, the post-test was administered to 2,400 students. Before the educational intervention only 50% of the students knew that HIV/AIDS is transmitted sexually, only 34% knew that there are no medicines that cure HIV/AIDS and 24% thought that HIV is transmitted by mosquito bites. After the intervention, 95% of the students knew that HIV/AIDS is transmitted sexually, 92% knew that there is no HIV/AIDS cure and 76% knew that HIV/AIDS is not transmitted by mosquitos. There was a substantial increase in correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS among students after our single educational program. This suggests that school-based educational programs for adolescents in India can succeed in providing basic information regarding HIV/AIDS.
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73
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Reddy PS, Idamakanti N, Derbyshire JB, Nagy E. Porcine adenoviruses types 1, 2 and 3 have short and simple early E-3 regions. Virus Res 1996; 43:99-109. [PMID: 8864200 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the E-3 region genes, the hexon associated protein pVIII genes, and part of the fiber genes coding for the N-terminal tail regions, of porcine adenovirus (PAV) types 1 and 2 were determined. The sizes of the E-3 regions were found to be 1162 and 1222 bp, respectively. The five open reading frames (ORF) encoded within the sequenced regions of PAV types 1 and 2 shared a high degree of homology with the published sequences of the corresponding ORFs of PAV-3. The E-3 regions of PAV types 1, 2 and 3 were further characterized by Northern blot analysis and 5' and 3' end mapping of the transcripts by S1 nuclease analysis. The results of these experiments indicated that the E-3 regions in these three viruses are shorter and simpler in organization than the E-3 regions of human adenoviruses. A potential promoter for the E-3 regions of these PAVs was identified.
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74
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Park AJ, Walsh J, Reddy PS, Chetty U, Watson AC. The detection of breast implant rupture using ultrasound. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 1996; 49:299-301. [PMID: 8774243 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1226(96)90158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Because little or no information exists about the life span of silicone implants, there is a need for a non-invasive and sensitive diagnostic tool for assessing their integrity. It is extremely difficult to diagnose rupture of these implants clinically. The aims of this study were to assess how many of our patients--in particular asymptomatic women--had ruptured implants and whether or not ultrasound was an effective tool in excluding rupture and reassuring anxious patients. All patients in the south east of Scotland who had a silicone gel-filled breast implant inserted between the years 1982-1991 were invited to take part in an investigation into morbidity due to silicone implants. We screened 307 asymptomatic patients with 385 implants and only found one patient with a ruptured silicone implant. One other patient had a ruptured saline implant and one implant was found to have leaked. We found ultrasound to be a quick, reliable, cheap and safe method of screening for implant rupture which can be used to reassure an anxious patient that her implants are intact.
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Reddy PS, Katyayani RV, Fingerman M. Cadmium and naphthalene-induced hyperglycemia in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: differential modes of action on the neuroendocrine system. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 1996; 56:425-431. [PMID: 8825965 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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