51
|
Gambino R, Scaglione L, Alemanno N, Pagano G, Cassader M. Human lipoprotein lipase HindIII polymorphism in young patients with myocardial infarction. Metabolism 1999; 48:1157-61. [PMID: 10484057 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the possibility that the DNA HindIII polymorphism of human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) determined by angiography in young patients who survived a myocardial infarction (MI). Conflicting studies have explored the relationship linking CAD severity to the HindIII restriction site polymorphism at the LPL gene locus, and to our knowledge, no data are available from Italy. The patients were aged less than 45 years (mean age, 40.1 +/- 3.9 years); 83 were male and four were female. The 87 case-patients had a Q-wave or non-Q-wave infarction (67.3% and 32.7%, respectively); the MI was anterior (50.5%), lateral (41.7%), or inferior (7.8%). Analysis of coronary angiograms showed the absence of critical stenosis in 13.8% and the presence of monovessel disease in 50.6% and multivessel disease in 35.6% of the case-patients. The allelic frequency of the HindIII H(-) and H(+) allele was 0.37 and 0.63, respectively. There was a striking association between the HindIII polymorphism and the number of diseased vessels. The patients with HindIII(+/+) genotypes were significantly more likely to have double- or triple-vessel disease and less likely to have no significantly diseased vessels. In this study, we demonstrated that the homozygous form of the LPL HindIII(+) allele increases the risk of multivessel disease by a factor of 4 in an Italian group of young MI survivors. This association was independent from the smoking status and a positive family history for CAD and hypertension, which are known to predict CAD severity. The discrepancies in the results of these studies are difficult to explain. The lack of homogeneity in the study populations (age at which CAD occurred, number of enrolled patients, and geographical origin) and differences in the assessment of CAD severity may account for these conflicting results.
Collapse
|
52
|
Bauman WA, Adkins RH, Spungen AM, Herbert R, Schechter C, Smith D, Kemp BJ, Gambino R, Maloney P, Waters RL. Is immobilization associated with an abnormal lipoprotein profile? Observations from a diverse cohort. Spinal Cord 1999; 37:485-93. [PMID: 10438115 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential effects of ethnicity, gender, and adiposity on the serum lipid profile in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) were determined. SUBJECTS Subjects with SCI were recruited during their annual physical examination from Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, California. Sedentary able-bodied controls were Bridge and Tunnel Officers of the Triboro Bridge and Tunnel Authority of the New York City metropolitan area. METHODS Serum lipid profiles were investigated in 320 subjects with SCI and compared to those obtained from 303 relatively sedentary able-bodied controls. Serum lipid studies were obtained in the fasting state. Data were collected between 1993 and 1996. All lipid determinations were performed by the same commercial laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The dependent variables were the values from the lipid profile analysis. The independent variables consisted of study group, gender, ethnic group, age, duration of injury, and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS The serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level was reduced in the SCI compared with the control group (mean+/-SEM) (42+/-0.79 vs 47+/-0.67 mg/dl, P<0.0005). The serum HDL-c level was significantly lower in males with SCI than males in the control group (39+/-0.83 vs 45+/-0.70 mg/dl, P<0.0001), but not for females (51+/-1.54 vs 54 1.52 mg/dl, n.s.). Within the subgroups for whites and Latinos, HDL-c values were also lower in subjects with SCI than in controls (whites: 41+/-1.02 vs 46+/-0.86 mg/dl, P<0.0001; Latinos: 37+/-1.53 vs 42+/-1.59 mg/dl, P<0.05), but not for African Americans (49+/-1.56 vs 51+/-1.27 mg/dl, n.s.). African Americans had higher HDL-c values than whites or Latinos (SCI: 49+/-1.56 vs 41+/-1.02 or 37+/-1.53 mg/dl, P< 0.0001; controls: 51+/-1.27 vs 46+/-0.86 mg/dl, P<0.01 or 42+/-1.59 mg/dl, P<0.0005). In persons with SCI, the serum HDL-c values were inversely related to body mass index and estimated per cent body fat (r=0.27, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION In white and Latino males, but not in females or African Americans, immobilization from SCI appears to be associated with lower HDL-c values than in controls.
Collapse
|
53
|
Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M. The binding of apolipoprotein H (beta2-Glycoprotein I) to lipoproteins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 1999; 57:351-9. [PMID: 10480489 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-glycoprotein I has a high affinity for triglyceride-rich particles, activates lipoprotein lipase, and is also defined as an apolipoprotein H. Previous studies have shown that apolipoprotein H is a regular structural component of the major classes of lipoproteins. In view of these findings, we analyzed the interactions of apolipoprotein H with lipoproteins in the fasting plasma of eight normal, seven hypertriglyceridemic, and seven hypercholesterolemic subjects. After rate-zonal, density gradient ultracentrifugation, apolipoprotein H was little distributed among the different density fractions, and most of it was recovered in the last fraction that contained the lipoprotein-free plasma. A small percentage (4-13%) of the apolipoprotein H associated with plasma lipoproteins was detected at the density ranging from 1.090 to 1.225 g/ml. This result means that apolipoprotein H is little associated with lipoproteins.
Collapse
|
54
|
Scaglione L, Bergerone S, Gambino R, Imazio M, Macchia G, Cravetto A, Gaschino G, Baralis G, Rosettani E, Pagano G, Cassader M. Role of lipid, apolipoprotein levels and apolipoprotein E genotype in young Italian patients with myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 1999; 9:118-124. [PMID: 10464784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Studies of young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have demonstrated that conventional risk factors are usually responsible for their premature atherosclerosis. No account has yet been published of the risk profile of young Italians surviving an AMI. In this study, the conventional risk factors, lipids and apolipoproteins, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele distribution were evaluated in 98 consecutive AMI survivors (94 males, 4 females) aged 40.1 +/- 3.9 for at least three months after their acute event. These survivors were matched for age, sex, body mass index and presence of diabetes mellitus with 98 controls selected from subjects admitted to the same hospital for other reasons. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipid profiles and APOE polymorphism were determined in both groups. Coronary angiography during hospitalization showed the absence of critical stenosis in 6.6% of the survivors, mono-vessel disease in 57.7%, and multi-vessel disease in 35.5%. The survivors had a higher frequency of smoking, hypertension, family history for coronary artery disease (CAD) and dyslipidemia, and a much greater frequency of 3 or more risk factors than the controls: Odd ratios (OR) 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5-18.6, p = 0.0000. Significant differences were found between the groups for triglycerides (p = 0.000002), total cholesterol (p = 0.003), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.0002), apolipoprotein AI (p = 0.00001), and Apolipoprotein B (p = 0.000001). No differences were observed in APOE allele distribution (APOE*4 0.11 vs 0.08, APOE*3 0.86 vs 0.89, APOE*2 0.03 vs 0.03), nor in lipid profile when both higher risk genotype (E3/4, E4/4, E2/4) and lower risk genotype groups (E2/2, E2/3, E3/3) were analysed. OR were calculated as measures of the association of the E4-positive genotypes with AMI. They indicated a non-significant increase in risk of AMI when the survivors were compared with the controls (OR 1.78, 95% CI 0.84-3.70, p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS This study provides further evidence that conventional coronary risk factors are usually present in young AMI patients. The APOE*4 allele was associated with a 1.8 non-significant increase in the risk of AMI in our group with premature CAD. Comparison with controls showed that the presence of three or more risk factors sharply increased the probability of premature CAD and that hyper-triglyceridemia is an independent risk factor. The data on APOE polymorphism are less certain and a larger study is needed.
Collapse
|
55
|
Romancino DP, Ghersi G, Gambino R, Montana G, Costa C, Di Carlo M. Temporal-spatial expression of two Paracentrotus lividus cell surface proteins. Cell Biol Int 1999; 22:305-11. [PMID: 10101047 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.1998.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The temporal expression of two cell surface proteins, called BEP1 and BEP4, during Paracentrosus lividus embryonic development was studied. These proteins are found in both monomeric and dimeric forms in egg and embryos and we have established that their specific form is related to their being in the cytoplasm or on the cell surface. The spatial distribution of BEP1 and BEP4 proteins in eggs and embryos was established by whole mount immunohistochemistry. These proteins are located in the animal part of unfertilized and fertilized eggs; thereafter they are much less represented in structures derived from the vegetal cells of the embryo such as the micromeres of the 16 cell stage, the primary mesenchyme of blastula and the gut of gastrula. At the prism stage BEP1 and BEP4 proteins are present to some ectodermal parts and thereafter, at the pluteus stage, to the oral region.
Collapse
|
56
|
Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M. Apolipoprotein H is not affected by in vitro glycosylation. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1999; 18:173-7. [PMID: 10333290 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020671821474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased nonenzymatic glycosylation of all major classes of apolipoproteins has been demonstrated in diabetes. In this work we deal with the in vitro nonenzymatic glycosylation of apolipoprotein H, whose role in lipid metabolism is still poorly understood and whose levels increase in diabetes. Apolipoprotein H was isolated from human plasma and purified through a combination of affinity chromatography and continuous elution electrophoresis. The in vitro glycosylation was performed by incubating purified apolipoprotein H with high concentration of glucose. Our results indicate that the in vitro nonenzymatic glycosylation has no effect on the physical properties of apolipoprotein H, despite the fact that this apolipoprotein contains a high number of lysine residues. Since the in vitro concentration of glucose was far higher than the levels normally found in diabetic subjects, it is unlikely for apolipoprotein H to become glycosylated in diabetes.
Collapse
|
57
|
Bauman WA, Adkins RH, Spungen AM, Herbert R, Schechter C, Smith D, Kemp BJ, Gambino R, Maloney P, Waters RL. Individuals with extreme inactivity do not have abnormal serum lipoprotein (a) levels. Horm Metab Res 1998; 30:601-3. [PMID: 9808332 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-978941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
58
|
Gambino R, Kasten BL, Kaufman HW, O'Brien JE. The value of free enterprise. Clin Chem 1998; 44:1366-7. [PMID: 9625076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
59
|
Scaglione L, Bergerone S, Gaschino G, Imazio M, Maccagnani A, Gambino R, Cassader M, Di Leo M, Macchia G, Brusca A, Pagano G, Cavallo-Perin P. Lack of relationship between the P1A1/P1A2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa and premature myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 1998; 28:385-8. [PMID: 9650012 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P1A1/P1A2 polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa has been variably associated with an increased risk of coronary thrombosis. MATERIALS We investigated the linkage between the P1A1/P1A2 polymorphism and the risk of myocardial infarction in 98 patients who suffered their first myocardial infarction at the age of 45 years or less and 98 well-matched control subjects without coronary artery disease. Lipid parameters were measured using conventional methods of clinical chemistry; P1A genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of P1A2-positive genotypes (either P1A1/P1A2 or P1A2/P1A2) between patients and control subjects (chi 2 = 0.66, d.f. = 1, P = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the P1A2 polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein IIIa does not contribute to the genetic susceptibility to premature myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
60
|
Bauman WA, Adkins RH, Spungen AM, Maloney P, Gambino R, Waters RL. Ethnicity effect on the serum lipid profile in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79:176-80. [PMID: 9474000 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(98)90296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential effect of ethnicity on the serum lipid profile and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] was studied in a population with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). STUDY DESIGN The distribution and correlates of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and Lp(a) were studied in a population of 600 subjects with chronic SCI. RESULTS Mean +/- SEM serum HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the African American group than in the white and Latino groups (47 +/- 1 vs 40 +/- 1 and 38 +/- 1 mg/dL, p < .0001, respectively). The African American group had a lower serum total to HDL cholesterol ratio than white and Latino groups (4.46 +/- .153 vs 5.18 +/- .168 and 5.40 +/- .140 mg/dL, p < .01, respectively). Mean serum Lp(a) levels were significantly higher in the African American group than in Latino or white groups (29 +/- 2 vs 18 +/- 1 and 15 +/- 1 mg/dL, p < .0001, respectively). Age, duration of SCI, and level and completeness of lesion had no significant effect on serum Lp(a) level. CONCLUSIONS In a population with chronic SCI, those in the African American group had the highest serum HDL cholesterol concentrations, the lowest serum total to HDL cholesterol ratios, and elevated levels of serum Lp(a) compared with the Latino and white groups. In a population of individuals with chronic SCI, ethnicity was shown to have a major effect on serum lipids and may be used to assist in the determination of cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
|
61
|
Gambino R, Desvarieux E, Orth M, Matan H, Ackattupathil T, Lijoi E, Wimmer C, Bower J, Gunter E. The relation between chemically measured total iron-binding capacity concentrations and immunologically measured transferrin concentrations in human serum. Clin Chem 1997; 43:2408-12. [PMID: 9439462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine if serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) is equivalent to serum transferrin (TRF) so that a low-cost colorimetric chemical assay for unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) could be substituted for a high-cost immunologic assay for TRF. Our study design included independent and blinded measurements of UIBC, serum iron, and TRF concentrations in human serum samples. Data from five independent correlation studies carried out at three different Quest Diagnostics laboratories were combined into one data set containing 570 paired results for TIBC and TRF. r2 was 0.941 when three outliers were eliminated from the 570-sample data set. Scatter about the regression line was fully accounted for by the CVs for the TIBC and TRF assays. When each test is measured precisely and without bias, the ratio of TIBC (mumol/L) to TRF (g/L) in SI units is close to the theoretically expected value of 25.0.
Collapse
|
62
|
Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M. Characterization and representative structures of N-oligosaccharides bound to apolipoprotein H. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1997; 17:191-205. [PMID: 9524927 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-7855(97)00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure of N-linked carbohydrates bound to apolipoprotein H by a combination of two methods which make use of lectins. Digoxigenin-labelled lectins are used for the structural characterization of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins. Concanavalin A lectin affinity chromatography was used to analyse apolipoprotein H according to the characteristics of its carbohydrate chain inner to sialic acid residues. Our results from digoxigenin-labelled lectins analysis showed that apolipoprotein H gave positive bands to SNA, DSA, GNA, PNA and AAA lectins. Apolipoprotein H gave a negative band when reacted with MAA lectin. When we applied apolipoprotein H onto the Concanavalin A lectin column no detectable amounts of protein were eluted with Concanavalin A buffer. After adding a buffer with low sugar concentration (10 mM glucoside) a large amount of apolipoprotein H was recovered. These molecules of apolipoprotein H weakly bound to the lectin. When a higher sugar concentration (500 mM mannoside) was added most of the sample applied was eluted. These molecules of apolipoprotein H firmly bound to the column having high affinity for the lectin. These results combined with those coming from the digoxigen-labeled lectins method enable us to understand the inner structure of carbohydrate chains with their outer branches. Molecules of apolipoprotein H which weakly bind to Concanavalin A could bear complex N-glycans organized in biantennary or truncated hybrid structures. Firmly bound apolipoprotein H referred to molecules rich in N-glycan hybrid structures. They have an outer branch belonging to the high mannose carbohydrate chains which explain the ability to bind to the column and an other main branch bearing the sequence galactose beta-(1-4)-N-acetylglucosamine beta-(1-2) mannose. Galactose could be the terminal sugar or, alternatively, be masked with sialic acid alpha-(2-6) terminally linked.
Collapse
|
63
|
Gambino R. C-reactive protein--undervalued, underutilized. Clin Chem 1997; 43:2017-8. [PMID: 9365383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
64
|
Gambino R, Romancino DP, Cervello M, Vizzini A, Isola MG, Virruso L, Di Carlo M. Spatial distribution of collagen type I mRNA in Paracentrotus lividus eggs and embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 238:334-7. [PMID: 9299507 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have identified the presence of type I collagen (COLL1alpha) mRNA in Paracentrotus lividus unfertilized egg, indicating a maternal origin of this mRNA. By in situ whole mount hybridization the spatial distribution of COLL1alpha mRNA in egg and embryo at different developmental stages was established. Moreover, the presence of COLL1alpha gene in Paracentrotus lividus genome was analyzed by Southern blot experiments. The localization pattern indicates that the maternal mRNA is placed in the fertilized egg in a fixed position, relative to the embryonic axes. Furthermore, the embryonic expression is spatially restricted during development, suggesting involvement in sea urchin embryo cell specification events. The presence of two bands in Southern blot hybridization may indicate that two genes specific for COLL1alpha are present in the sea urchin genome.
Collapse
|
65
|
Ruiu G, Gambino R, Veglia F, Pagano G, Cassader M. Influence of APOH protein polymorphism on apoH levels in normal and diabetic subjects. Clin Genet 1997; 52:167-72. [PMID: 9377806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo)H (also known as beta 2 glycoprotein-I) is a glycoprotein synthesized by liver cells and it is present in the blood associated with plasma lipoproteins. APOH displays a genetically determined structural polymorphism: three alleles (APOH*1, APOH*2, APOH*3) at a single locus on chromosome 17 code for different isoforms, and population studies have shown that APOH*2 is the most frequent allele. This paper assesses the relation between APOH phenotypes and plasma apoH levels in a population composed of 278 healthy subjects (243 H2/2, 32 H3/2, 2 H3/3, 1 H2/1; allele frequencies APOH*1 0.002, APOH*2 0.934, APOH*3 0.064) and 245 diabetics (212 H2/2, 30 H3/2, 3 H3/3; allele frequencies APOH*2 0.927 and APOH*3 0.073). Determination of apoH levels by competitive ELISA gave a mean value of 26.3 +/- 9.8 mg/dl for all subjects, 22.6 +/- 7.7 in normals vs 30.6 +/- 10.3 in diabetics (p = 0.0001), and 23.0 +/- 7.9, 19.3 +/- 5.4 and 18.5 +/- 3.5 mg/dl for H2/2, H3/2 and H3/3 in normals and 31.1 +/- 10.1, 28.2 +/- 10.8 and 15.7 +/- 9.0 mg/dl in diabetics, respectively. ANCOVA of the adjusted data revealed a significant difference in apoH levels for the three phenotypes in both the normal subjects (p = 0.01) and the diabetics (p = 0.02). ANCOVA of the whole samples of subjects, controlling for diabetes as well as age, sex and total cholesterol, indicated a substantial effect of phenotype, independent of the other variables (p = 0.0007).
Collapse
|
66
|
Suzuki HR, Reiter RS, D'Alessio M, Di Liberto M, Ramirez F, Exposito JY, Gambino R, Solursh M. Comparative analysis of fibrillar and basement membrane collagen expression in embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Zoolog Sci 1997; 14:449-54. [PMID: 9314740 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.14.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The time of appearance and location of three distinct collagen gene transcripts termed 1 alpha, 2 alpha, and 3 alpha, were monitored in the developing S. purpuratus embryo by in situ hybridization. The 1 alpha and 2 alpha transcripts of fibrillar collagens were detected simultaneously in the primary (PMC) and secondary (SMC) mesenchyme cells of the late gastrula stage and subsequently expressed in the spicules and gut associated cells of the pluteus stage. The 3 alpha transcripts of the basement membrane collagen appeared earlier than 1 alpha and 2 alpha, and were first detected in the presumptive PMC at the vegetal plate of the late blastula stage. The PMC exhibited high expression of 3 alpha at the mesenchyme blastula stage, but during gastrulation the level of expression was reduced differentially among the PMC. In the late gastrula and pluteus stages, both PMC and SMC expressed 3 alpha mRNA, and thus at these stages all three collagen genes displayed an identical expression pattern by coincidence. This study thus provides the first survey of onset and localization of multiple collagen transcripts in a single sea urchin species.
Collapse
|
67
|
|
68
|
Gambino R, O'Brien JE. Yield of laboratory tests for case-finding in the ambulatory general medical examination. Am J Med 1997; 102:504; author reply 504-6. [PMID: 9217654 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)80044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
69
|
Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M. Characterization of the carbohydrate structures of apolipoprotein H through concanavalin A affinity chromatography. JOURNAL OF LIPID MEDIATORS AND CELL SIGNALLING 1997; 16:11-21. [PMID: 9101419 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-7855(96)00564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein H, also known as beta 2-Glycoprotein I, is a single chain highly glycosylated polypeptide of 326 amino acids. The carbohydrate content of apolipoprotein H is approximately 19% of the molecular weight. Some studies have described the main oligosaccharides forming the glycosylated chains but the carbohydrate inner structures of apolipoprotein H has not been investigated yet. This gap should be filled being glycosylation a very important process which is able to regulate the structure and the biological functions of proteins. Lectins are proteins which specifically bind carbohydrate structures. Affinity chromatography of glycoproteins on immobilized lectins, such as Concanavalin A (Con A), has been proved to be a useful method for oligosaccharide fractionation. N-Linked oligosaccharide structures were shown to interact with Con A according to their branching properties. In the present study, we analyzed the patterns of Con A elution of apolipoprotein H isolated from human plasma. Using Con A affinity chromatography we show that apolipoprotein H has a high degree of heterogeneity in its glycosylated structure. It allowed one to isolate two groups of apolipoprotein H molecules bearing biantennary and truncated hybrids and high mannose and hybrid oligosaccharides. Since Con A affinity chromatography allows fractionation of molecules differing in the extent of carbohydrate branching irrespective of the sialyl residues, we can conclude that mannose residues are masked with other sugars such as galactose-beta (1-4)N-acetylglucosamine, galactose-beta (1-3)N-acetyl-galactosamine and sialic acid linked alpha (2-6) to galactose or to N-acetylgalactosamine, or capped with sulfated residues. Thus, according to our results apolipoprotein H presents truncated hybryd or hybrid-type carbohydrate chains which bear few unmasked mannose residues as terminal sugar. Moreover, isoelectrofocusing of apolipoprotein H forms fractionated on Con A demostrates that weakly bound material presents a predominance of more acidic isoforms than that firmly bound to the lectin, indicating that weakly bound fractions contain molecules which are more negatively charged and that Con A is able to separate glycosylated forms which are not discriminated by isoelectrofocusing.
Collapse
|
70
|
Cassader M, Ruiu G, Gambino R, Veglia F, Pagano G. Apolipoprotein H levels in diabetic subjects: correlation with cholesterol levels. Metabolism 1997; 46:522-5. [PMID: 9160818 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the relationship between apolipoprotein H (apo H) plasma levels and lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus, we have examined the correlation between apo H plasma concentration and the main plasma lipid levels in 127 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and 118 insulin-dependent (IDDM) diabetes mellitus patients. The data are compared with those in 286 nondiabetics. Our data show a significant increase in plasma apo H in diabetic as opposed to nondiabetic subjects (NIDDM, 29.9 +/- 10.8 mg/dL; IDDM, 31.3 +/- 9.9; controls, 22.5 +/- 7.7; F = 53.3, P = .0001). The relation between plasma lipids and apo H was simultaneously evaluated in the three groups with inclusion of diabetes, sex, body mass index (BMI), and age as covariates in the model. This analysis showed a strong positive correlation (P = .0009) between apo H and total cholesterol, and a weaker positive correlation with triglycerides ([TGs] P = .016). The correlation between apo H and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in diabetics (P = .03) highlights the importance of glycemic control for plasma levels of this apoprotein, which is highly glycated. Although the role of apo H in lipid metabolism is still uncertain, recent investigations on the possible relation between plasma apo H levels and increased plasma lipids and thrombotic risk could explain the increased atherosclerotic risk in diabetic patients.
Collapse
|
71
|
Gambino R, Ruiu G, Pagano G, Cassader M. Qualitative analysis of the carbohydrate composition of apolipoprotein H. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1997; 16:205-12. [PMID: 9155091 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026378825391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific binding of digoxigenin-labeled lectins to carbohydrate moieties is used to characterize the carbohydrate chains bound to apolipoprotein H. Our results show that apolipoprotein H is rich in sialic acid linked alpha(2-6) to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. Sialic acid is not alpha(2-3)-linked to galactose. Galactose is beta(1-4)-linked to N-acetylglucosamine and beta(1-3)-linked to N-acetylgalactosamine. High-mannose N-glycan chains are barely detectable. After N-glycosidase F treatment the molecular weight is substantially reduced. The main band is 32,500 daltons. Carbohydrate O-linked chains, which are mainly represented by sialic acid, are alpha(2-6)-linked to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. Galactose is also organized in O-linked chains and it is beta(1-4)-linked to N-acetylglucosamine and beta(1-3)-linked to acetylgalactosamine. Biochemical analysis of carbohydrate structures reveals that no specific carbohydrate complex is bound to a single isoform.
Collapse
|
72
|
Gambino R. Serum transferrin (total iron-binding capacity) in evaluation of iron status. Clin Chem 1996; 42:2053. [PMID: 8969657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
73
|
|
74
|
Cassader M, Gambino R, Ruiu G, Marena S, Bodoni P, Pagano G. Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein changes in elderly and young subjects. AGING (MILAN, ITALY) 1996; 8:421-8. [PMID: 9061130 DOI: 10.1007/bf03339605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether an increased risk for atherosclerosis in older humans is related to changes in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism, we compared the dynamic profiles (0-10 hours) of triglyceride (Tg)-rich lipoproteins and the Tg content in VLDL subfractions in elderly and young subjects after an oral fat load. The plasma Tg response curves displayed significant differences between the groups at all times. Postprandial triglyceridemia was quantified from the plasma response curves as an incremental area, and was significantly different in the two groups (young subjects 231.9 +/- 199.6 vs elderly subjects 511.0 +/- 305.6 mg/dL x 10 hr, p = 0.036). The more scattered VLDL-Tg values were significantly different compared to values at baseline and 6 hours after fat load. Tg baselines in the four VLDL subfractions (expressed as percentages) were higher in the larger particles (B Sf = 175-400) in the elderly subjects, and in the smaller, denser particles (D Sf = 20-100) in the young subjects. In both groups, postprandial hyperlipidemia increased the Tg content of the larger, less dense particles (Sf more than 400), and reduced that of the denser particles. These variations usually coincided with the plasma Tg and VLDL peaks: 63% to 70% above the Tg baseline between the 2nd and 4th hour in all the young subjects: 48% to 68% above the baseline between the 4th and the 6th hour in all the elderly subjects. Total cholesterol variations showed no significant differences between the two groups at any time. All subjects tested for the missense mutation at codon 188 of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene resulted noncarriers of LPL mutant alleles. Our data show that, after a fatty meal, healthy elderly subjects tend to present prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting an atherogenic behavior of their lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
75
|
Gruden G, Olivetti C, Taliano C, Furlani D, Gambino R, Pagano G, Cavallo-Perin P. Lipoprotein(a) after acute exercise in healthy subjects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY RESEARCH 1996; 26:140-1. [PMID: 8856369 DOI: 10.1007/bf02592358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Some acute-phase proteins increase during exercise, and lipoprotein(a) has been considered an acute-phase protein on the basis of an increase in its serum level after acute cardiovascular episodes or surgery. We found no significant effect of acute physical exercise (600 kpm/min for 20 min) on lipoprotein(a) levels in ten healthy subjects [pre exercise 6.25 (0.1-14), median (range), mg/dl; at the end of exercise 6 (0.1-12) mg/dl; 30 min post exercise 5.9 (0.1-23) mg/dl; 60 min post exercise 5.95 (0.1-11) mg/dl]. This suggest that activation of the adrenergic system does not induce changes in lipoprotein(a) levels.
Collapse
|