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Kim SK, Chung JH, Park HJ, Kang SW, Lim DJ, Byun SH, Baek DG, Ko HY, Lew BL, Baik HH, Sim WY. Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes contribute to increased risk of alopecia areata in the Korean population. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:9667-74. [PMID: 26345899 DOI: 10.4238/2015.august.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common disease, which causes hair loss in humans. AA has a genetically complex inheritance. This study investigated the possible correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) (CXCL1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) genes and the development of AA in the Korean population. Two hundred and thirty-five AA patients and 240 control subjects were recruited. The specific SNPs occurring in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes (rs3117604, -429C/T and rs3806792, -264T/C, respectively) were genotyped. All data obtained was evaluated using the SNPStats, SPSS 18.0, and the Haploview v.4.2 software platforms. The Odd's ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P values were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. Analyses of the genetic sequences obtained revealed a significant correlation between the two SNPs and the development of AA (rs3117604, P = 0.0009 in co-dominant model 1, P = 0.01 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.004 in the dominant model, P = 0.005 in the log-additive model, P = 0.012 in allele distribution; rs3806792, P = 0.036 in co-dominant model 2, P = 0.0046 in the log-additive model). The TT and CC haplotypes were also observed to show a significant association with increased risk of AA (TT haplotype, P = 0.0018; CC haplotype, P = 0.0349). Our data suggests that the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes may be associated with AA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kang
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-J Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Byun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D G Baek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-L Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Baik
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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102
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Pauerstein PT, Sugiyama T, Stanley SE, McLean GW, Wang J, Martín MG, Kim SK. Dissecting Human Gene Functions Regulating Islet Development With Targeted Gene Transduction. Diabetes 2015; 64:3037-49. [PMID: 25901096 PMCID: PMC4512220 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During pancreas development, endocrine precursors and their progeny differentiate, migrate, and cluster to form nascent islets. The transcription factor Neurogenin 3 (Neurog3) is required for islet development in mice, but its role in these dynamic morphogenetic steps has been inferred from fixed tissues. Moreover, little is known about the molecular genetic functions of NEUROG3 in human islet development. We developed methods for gene transduction by viral microinjection in the epithelium of cultured Neurog3-null mutant fetal pancreas, permitting genetic complementation in a developmentally relevant context. In addition, we developed methods for quantitative assessment of live-cell phenotypes in single developing islet cells. Delivery of wild-type NEUROG3 rescued islet differentiation, morphogenesis, and live cell deformation, whereas the patient-derived NEUROG3(R107S) allele partially restored indicators of islet development. NEUROG3(P39X), a previously unreported patient allele, failed to restore islet differentiation or morphogenesis and was indistinguishable from negative controls, suggesting that it is a null mutation. Our systems also permitted genetic suppression analysis and revealed that targets of NEUROG3, including NEUROD1 and RFX6, can partially restore islet development in Neurog3-null mutant mouse pancreata. Thus, advances described here permitted unprecedented assessment of gene functions in regulating crucial dynamic aspects of islet development in the fetal pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Pauerstein
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Takuya Sugiyama
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Susan E Stanley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Graeme W McLean
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martín G Martín
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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103
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Kim DH, Kim SK, Park SK, Yoo KY, Hwang TJ, Choi YM. Korea hemophilia foundation registry trends 1991-2012: patient registry, demographics, health services utilization. Haemophilia 2015. [PMID: 26212599 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - S K Park
- College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Korea
| | - K Y Yoo
- Korea Hemophilia Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - T J Hwang
- Korea Hemophilia Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Choi
- Korea Hemophilia Foundation, Seoul, Korea
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104
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Sebastiano V, Zhen HH, Haddad B, Derafshi BH, Bashkirova E, Melo SP, Wang P, Leung TL, Siprashvili Z, Tichy A, Li J, Ameen M, Hawkins J, Lee S, Li L, Schwertschkow A, Bauer G, Lisowski L, Kay MA, Kim SK, Lane AT, Wernig M, Oro AE. Human COL7A1-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:264ra163. [PMID: 25429056 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) lack functional type VII collagen owing to mutations in the gene COL7A1 and suffer severe blistering and chronic wounds that ultimately lead to infection and development of lethal squamous cell carcinoma. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the ability to edit the genome bring the possibility to provide definitive genetic therapy through corrected autologous tissues. We generated patient-derived COL7A1-corrected epithelial keratinocyte sheets for autologous grafting. We demonstrate the utility of sequential reprogramming and adenovirus-associated viral genome editing to generate corrected iPSC banks. iPSC-derived keratinocytes were produced with minimal heterogeneity, and these cells secreted wild-type type VII collagen, resulting in stratified epidermis in vitro in organotypic cultures and in vivo in mice. Sequencing of corrected cell lines before tissue formation revealed heterogeneity of cancer-predisposing mutations, allowing us to select COL7A1-corrected banks with minimal mutational burden for downstream epidermis production. Our results provide a clinical platform to use iPSCs in the treatment of debilitating genodermatoses, such as RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hanson Hui Zhen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Bahareh Haddad Derafshi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizaveta Bashkirova
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sandra P Melo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas L Leung
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zurab Siprashvili
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Tichy
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammed Ameen
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John Hawkins
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susie Lee
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lingjie Li
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Schwertschkow
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alfred T Lane
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anthony E Oro
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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105
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Chiou SH, Winters IP, Wang J, Naranjo S, Dudgeon C, Tamburini FB, Brady JJ, Yang D, Grüner BM, Chuang CH, Caswell DR, Zeng H, Chu P, Kim GE, Carpizo DR, Kim SK, Winslow MM. Pancreatic cancer modeling using retrograde viral vector delivery and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic genome editing. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1576-85. [PMID: 26178787 PMCID: PMC4526740 DOI: 10.1101/gad.264861.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a genomically diverse, prevalent, and almost invariably fatal malignancy. Although conventional genetically engineered mouse models of human PDAC have been instrumental in understanding pancreatic cancer development, these models are much too labor-intensive, expensive, and slow to perform the extensive molecular analyses needed to adequately understand this disease. Here we demonstrate that retrograde pancreatic ductal injection of either adenoviral-Cre or lentiviral-Cre vectors allows titratable initiation of pancreatic neoplasias that progress into invasive and metastatic PDAC. To enable in vivo CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene inactivation in the pancreas, we generated a Cre-regulated Cas9 allele and lentiviral vectors that express Cre and a single-guide RNA. CRISPR-mediated targeting of Lkb1 in combination with oncogenic Kras expression led to selection for inactivating genomic alterations, absence of Lkb1 protein, and rapid tumor growth that phenocopied Cre-mediated genetic deletion of Lkb1. This method will transform our ability to rapidly interrogate gene function during the development of this recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ian P Winters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Crissy Dudgeon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Fiona B Tamburini
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer J Brady
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hong Zeng
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Transgenic, Knockout, and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Pauline Chu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Grace E Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Darren R Carpizo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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106
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Jeon JS, Kim BH, Lee SH, Kwon HJ, Bae HJ, Kim SK, Park JA, Shim JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Shin HC. Simultaneous determination of arbutin and its decomposed product hydroquinone in whitening creams using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection: Effect of temperature and pH on decomposition. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:567-73. [PMID: 25857400 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arbutin is an effective agent for the treatment of melanin disorders. Arbutin may be converted to hydroquinone under conditions of high temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and dilute acid. The aim of the current study was to develop an analytical method to determine the levels of arbutin and hydroquinone in whitening cosmetic products using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD). In addition, we investigated the effects of high temperature and pH on the decomposition of arbutin. METHODS Samples extracted using two-step sonications were separated on a C18 column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of water and methanol. A 60-mm (40 μL) DAD cell was used to enhance the sensitivity of hydroquinone determination. Thermal decomposition of arbutin was evaluated at temperatures ranging from 60 to 120°C for 1-36 h. RESULTS The method showed good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9997), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 5%) and acceptable extraction recovery (90-102.6%). The limits of quantitation for arbutin and hydroquinone were 0.0085 and 0.0119 μg mL(-1) , respectively. One sample of 21 cosmetic products tested contained arbutin at a concentration 1.61 g 100 g(-1) cream and 0.12 g 100 g(-1) cream of hydroquinone. Arbutin (327.18 ppm) decomposed after 6 h at 120°C and produced 10.73 ppm of hydroquinone. CONCLUSION The developed method is simple to detect both arbutin and hydroquinone simultaneously in cosmetic products, at an adequate level of sensitivity. Notably, temperature and pH did not influence the decomposition of arbutin to hydroquinone in a 2% arbutin cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Nuengdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.,Public Health Research Division, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, 95, Pajang cheon-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi Province, 440-290, Korea
| | - B H Kim
- Public Health Research Division, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, 95, Pajang cheon-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi Province, 440-290, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Public Health Research Division, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, 95, Pajang cheon-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi Province, 440-290, Korea
| | - H J Kwon
- Public Health Research Division, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, 95, Pajang cheon-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi Province, 440-290, Korea
| | - H J Bae
- Public Health Research Division, Gyeonggi Province Institute of Health and Environment, 95, Pajang cheon-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi Province, 440-290, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Nuengdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - J A Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Nuengdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - J H Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Nuengdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - H C Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Nuengdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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107
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Choi CH, Kwon JG, Kim SK, Myung SJ, Park KS, Sohn CI, Rhee PL, Lee KJ, Lee OY, Jung HK, Jee SR, Jeen YT, Choi MG, Choi SC, Huh KC, Park H. Efficacy of combination therapy with probiotics and mosapride in patients with IBS without diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase II trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:705-16. [PMID: 25809913 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics can be beneficial in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Mosapride citrate, a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, stimulates gastrointestinal motility. We investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with probiotics and mosapride for non-diarrheal-type IBS. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-five IBS patients were randomly assigned to either a combination of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus faecium) and mosapride at one of four different doses or a placebo for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing adequate relief (AR) of global IBS symptoms at week 4. The secondary outcomes included subject's global assessment (SGA) of IBS symptom relief, individual symptoms, stool parameters, and IBS-quality of life. KEY RESULTS The proportion of AR at week 4 was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group (53.7% in group 1, 55.0% in group 2, 55.2% in group 3, 53.6% in group 4 [the highest dose], and 35.1% in placebo group, respectively, p < 0.05). The proportion of patients reporting 'completely or considerably relieved' in the SGA was higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo group. The abdominal pain/discomfort score in the treatment group 4 was more prominently improved compared with that of the placebo group. In patients with constipation-predominant IBS, the improvements in stool frequency and consistency were significantly higher in the treatment groups 4 and 1, respectively, than those in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Combination therapy with probiotics and mosapride is effective for relief of symptoms in patients with non-diarrheal-type IBS. The study has been registered in the US National Library of Medicine (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01505777).
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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108
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Kim SK, Yoon W, Heo TW, Park MS, Kang HK. Negative Susceptibility Vessel Sign and Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:1266-71. [PMID: 25814657 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of MR imaging in predicting underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis before endovascular stroke therapy has not been studied. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic value of the negative susceptibility vessel sign on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging for predicting underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in patients with acute MCA occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-one consecutive patients with acute stroke because of MCA occlusion underwent gradient-echo MR imaging and MRA before endovascular therapy. The negative susceptibility vessel sign was defined as an absence of a hypointense signal change within the occluded MCA on gradient-echo imaging. Underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis was determined by conventional angiography. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy of the negative susceptibility vessel sign for predicting the presence of underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis were assessed. RESULTS The negative susceptibility vessel sign was identified in 42 (46.1%) of 91 patients, and 18 (19.8%) patients had an underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis responsible for acute ischemic symptoms. The negative susceptibility vessel sign was more frequently observed in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis than in those without it (100% versus 32.9%, P < .001). In the prediction of an underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, the negative susceptibility vessel sign had 100% sensitivity, 67.1% specificity, 42.9% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and an accuracy of 73.6%. CONCLUSIONS The negative susceptibility vessel sign on gradient-echo MR imaging is a sensitive marker with a high negative predictive value for the presence of an underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke because of MCA occlusions. The susceptibility vessel sign can be used in decision-making when performing subsequent endovascular revascularization therapy in patients with acute MCA occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H., H.K.K.)
| | - W Yoon
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H., H.K.K.)
| | - T W Heo
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H., H.K.K.)
| | - M S Park
- Neurology (M.S.P.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.K.K., W.Y., T.W.H., H.K.K.)
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109
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Chao CS, McKnight KD, Cox KL, Chang AL, Kim SK, Feldman BJ. Novel GATA6 mutations in patients with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart malformations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118449. [PMID: 25706805 PMCID: PMC4338276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic agenesis are born without a pancreas, causing permanent neonatal diabetes and pancreatic enzyme insufficiency. These patients require insulin and enzyme replacement therapy to survive, grow, and maintain normal blood glucose levels. Pancreatic agenesis is an uncommon condition but high-throughput sequencing methods provide a rare opportunity to identify critical genes that are necessary for human pancreas development. Here we present the clinical history, evaluation, and the genetic and molecular analysis from two patients with pancreatic agenesis. Both patients were born with intrauterine growth restriction, minor heart defects and neonatal diabetes. In both cases, pancreatic agenesis was confirmed by imaging studies. The patients are clinically stable with pancreatic enzymes and insulin therapy. In order identify the etiology for their disease, we performed whole exome sequencing on both patients. For each proband we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in the GATA6 gene. GATA6 is a homeobox containing transcription factor involved in both early development of the pancreas and heart. In vitro functional analysis of one of the variants revealed that the mutation creates a premature stop codon in the coding sequence resulting in the production of a truncated protein with loss of activity. These results show how genetic mutations in GATA6 may lead to functional inactivity and pancreatic agenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kristen D. McKnight
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth L. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Anne L. Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJF); (SKK)
| | - Brian J. Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Program in Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BJF); (SKK)
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110
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Yoo KY, Kim SK, Kwon SS, Park SK, Yoon HJ, Lee KS, Hwang TJ, Choi YM, Lee SY. Life expectancy of Korean haemophiliacs, 1991-2012. Haemophilia 2015; 20:e356-8. [PMID: 24948408 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yoo
- Korea Hemophilia Foundation, Seoul, Korea
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Alfa RW, Park S, Skelly KR, Poffenberger G, Jain N, Gu X, Kockel L, Wang J, Liu Y, Powers AC, Kim SK. Suppression of insulin production and secretion by a decretin hormone. Cell Metab 2015; 21:323-334. [PMID: 25651184 PMCID: PMC4349554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Decretins, hormones induced by fasting that suppress insulin production and secretion, have been postulated from classical human metabolic studies. From genetic screens, we identified Drosophila Limostatin (Lst), a peptide hormone that suppresses insulin secretion. Lst is induced by nutrient restriction in gut-associated endocrine cells. limostatin deficiency led to hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, and excess adiposity. A conserved 15-residue polypeptide encoded by limostatin suppressed secretion by insulin-producing cells. Targeted knockdown of CG9918, a Drosophila ortholog of Neuromedin U receptors (NMURs), in insulin-producing cells phenocopied limostatin deficiency and attenuated insulin suppression by purified Lst, suggesting CG9918 encodes an Lst receptor. NMUR1 is expressed in islet β cells, and purified NMU suppresses insulin secretion from human islets. A human mutant NMU variant that co-segregates with familial early-onset obesity and hyperinsulinemia fails to suppress insulin secretion. We propose Lst as an index member of an ancient hormone class called decretins, which suppress insulin output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Alfa
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neuroscience Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sangbin Park
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathleen-Rose Skelly
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nimit Jain
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lutz Kockel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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An BK, Kim JY, Oh ST, Kang CW, Cho S, Kim SK. Effects of onion extracts on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood profiles of white mini broilers. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:247-51. [PMID: 25557821 PMCID: PMC4283170 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of onion extract on growth performance, meat quality and blood profiles of White mini broilers. Total of 600 one-d-old male White mini broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed control diets (non-medicated commercial diet or antibiotics medicated) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract) for 5 wks. The final body weight (BW) and weight gain of the group fed non-medicated control diet were lower than those of medicated control group (p<0.01). The chicks fed diet with 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract showed a similar BW to that of medicated control group. The relative weight of various organs, such as liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, abdominal fat, and the activities of serum enzymes were not affected by dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in meat color among groups. Whereas, groups fed diets containing onion extract had slightly lower cooking loss and higher shear force value, but not significantly. The concentrations of serum free cholesterol and triacylglycerol in groups fed diet containing onion extract were significantly decreased compared with those of controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the onion extracts exerted a growth-promoting effect when added in White mini broiler diets, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K An
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
| | - S T Oh
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
| | - C W Kang
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
| | - S Cho
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Dan Biotech Inc., Cheonan 330-834, Korea
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Abstract
During the maintenance of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), suspended cells are discarded normally. We noted the osteogenic potential of these cells to be like that of anchorage-dependent BMMSCs. Therefore, we characterized suspended BMMSCs from rabbit bone marrow by bioengineering and applied the suspended BMMSCs to double-canaled dental implants inserted into rabbits. After primary isolation of BMMSCs, we collected the suspended cells during primary culture on the third day. The cells were transferred and maintained on an extracellular-matrix-coated culture plate. The cells were characterized and compared with BMMSCs by colony-forming-unit fibroblast (CFU-f) and cell proliferation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), in vitro multipotency, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also analyzed the osteogenic potential of cells mixed with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) and transplanted into immunocompromised mice. We compared the viability and proliferation of the suspended BMMSCs and BMMSCs on the titanium implant surface and observed cell morphology. Then, the cells mixed with HA/TCP were applied to the double-canaled implants during installation into rabbit tibia. Four weeks later, we analyzed bone formation inside the canal by histomorphometry. The suspended cells showed higher CFU-f on the extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated culture plate and similar results of proliferation capacity compared with BMMSCs. The cells also showed osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic ability. The suspended cells showed levels of attachment survival and proliferation on the surfaces of titanium implant discs to be higher than or similar to those of BMMSCs. The suspended cells as well as BMMSCs showed stronger bone formation ability in both upper and lower canals of the implants compared with controls on double-canaled implants inserted into rabbit tibia. In this study, we showed that suspended cells after primary BMMSC isolation have bone regeneration capacity like that of BMMSCs, not only in vitro but also in vivo. ECM was valuable for propagation of MSCs for cell-based bone regeneration. Therefore, the suspended cells could also be useful tools for bone regeneration after implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y K Park
- Department of Dental Research Institute, Brain Korea 21, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J J Cho
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Y Koak
- Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee JH, Cho S, Paik HD, Choi CW, Nam KT, Hwang SG, Kim SK. Investigation on antibacterial and antioxidant activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some thai edible plants as an alternative for antibiotics. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1461-8. [PMID: 25178298 PMCID: PMC4150179 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the antibacterial and antioxidative properties of seven edible plants from Thailand to develop alternative antibiotics as feed additives. The plants include Citrus aurantifolia Swingle (Lime) fruits and its leaves, Sesbania grandiflora L. (Agati sesbania) leaves, Piper sarmentosum Roxb (Wild betal) leaves, Curcuma domestica Valeton (Turmeric) roots, Morinda citrifolia L. (Beach mulberry) leaves, Cassia siamea britt (Siamea cassia) leaves, and Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut) peels. The plants were extracted by methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by agar diffusion assay against Escherichia coli, Burkholderia sp., Haemopilus somnus, Haemopilus parasuis, and Clostridium perfringens that were considered pathogenic strains in livestock infection. Methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia Swingle fruits and leaves showed the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activities except for C. perfringens. Butanol extract of S. grandiflora L. leaves showed the strongest activity against Burkholderia sp. with MIC, 135 μg/mL. P. sarmentosum Roxb leaves showed antibacterial activities against E. coli, Burkholderia sp. and H. parasuis. Ethyl acetate and water extracts from C. domesitca Valeton roots showed MIC of 306 μg/mL and 183 μg/mL, respectively against only C. perfringens. Antioxidative activity was determined by 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl photometric assay. The methanol extracts of C. aurantifolia Swingle fruits and P. sarmentosum Roxb leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity among all the extracts with 3.46 mg/mL and 2.70 mg/mL effective concentration 50% (EC50) values, respectively. Total contents of phenolics and flavonoids were measured from the plant extracts. Methanol extracts of S. grandiflora L. and chloroform extracts of C. domestica Valeton were found to have the highest amount of total phenolics, 41.7 and 47.8 μg/mL, respectively. Flavonoid content of methanol extracts in S. grandiflora L. T was 22.5 μg/mL and the highest among plant extracts tested. These results indicated that C. aurantifolia Swingle, S. grandiflora L., P. sarmentosum Roxb, and C. domestica Valeton have antibacterial and antioxidant activities and can be used as alternative antibiotics or potential feed additives for the control of animal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - S Cho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - H D Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - C W Choi
- Department of Biology and Medicinal Science, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
| | - K T Nam
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - S G Hwang
- Division of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Hong JY, Kim SY, Chung KS, Kim EY, Jung JY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Kang YA. Association between vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis in a Korean population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:73-8. [PMID: 24365556 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several in vitro studies have been conducted regarding the immunomodulatory and mycobactericidal roles of vitamin D in tuberculous infection. However, discrepancies exist among epidemiological studies. We compared vitamin D deficiency between patients with tuberculosis (TB) and healthy control subjects and identified risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. METHOD This was an age- and sex-matched case-control analysis of 94 TB cohort and 282 Korean national survey participants. RESULTS The median baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level in the TB group (9.86 ng/ml, IQR 7.19-14.15) was lower than in controls (16.03 ng/ml, IQR 12.38-20.30, P < 0.001). The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was higher in patients with TB (51.1%) than in controls (8.2%, P = 0.001). The median 25(OH)D level increased from 11.40 ng/ml (IQR 7.85-15.73) to 13.18 ng/ml (IQR 10.60-19.71) after treatment completion (P = 0.037). On multivariate analysis, presence of TB and history of TB were independently associated with severe vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION Patients with TB had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than control subjects in a Korean population. The median 25(OH)D level increased after TB treatment. Further studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Hong
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y A Kang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Alfa RW, Topper SM, Kim GES, Kockel L, Kim SK. A genetic strategy to measure circulating Drosophila insulin reveals genes regulating insulin production and secretion. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004555. [PMID: 25101872 PMCID: PMC4125106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a major regulator of metabolism in metazoans, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) suggest a genetic basis for reductions of both insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, phenotypes commonly observed in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To identify molecular functions of genes linked to T2DM risk, we developed a genetic tool to measure insulin-like peptide 2 (Ilp2) levels in Drosophila, a model organism with superb experimental genetics. Our system permitted sensitive quantification of circulating Ilp2, including measures of Ilp2 dynamics during fasting and re-feeding, and demonstration of adaptive Ilp2 secretion in response to insulin receptor haploinsufficiency. Tissue specific dissection of this reduced insulin signaling phenotype revealed a critical role for insulin signaling in specific peripheral tissues. Knockdown of the Drosophila orthologues of human T2DM risk genes, including GLIS3 and BCL11A, revealed roles of these Drosophila genes in Ilp2 production or secretion. Discovery of Drosophila mechanisms and regulators controlling in vivo insulin dynamics should accelerate functional dissection of diabetes genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbin Park
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Alfa
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sydni M. Topper
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Grace E. S. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lutz Kockel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Seung K. Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Oncology Division) Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported the protective effects on skin elasticity of the edible marine seaweed Ecklonia cava, which acts through regulation of both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. AIM We evaluated the effect of E. cava and one of its components, dioxinodehydroeckol, on hair-shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and on hair growth in mice. METHODS The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to check cell viability of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and outer root sheath (ORS) cells after treatment with E. cava and its metabolite, dioxinodehydroeckol. Hair-shaft growth was measured using the in vitro hair-follicle organ-culture system, in the presence or absence of E. cava and dioxinodehydroeckol. Anagen induction activity was examined by topical application of E. cava to the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 expression was measured by reverse transcriptase PCR and ELISA. RESULTS The proliferation activity was found to be highest for the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of E. cava (EAFE) in DPCs and in ORS cells. Treatment with EAFE resulted in elongation of the hair shaft in cultured human hair follicles, and promoted transition of the hair cycle from the telogen to the anagen phase in the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice. In addition, EAFE induced an increase in IGF-1 expression in DPCs. Dioxinodehydroeckol, a component of E. cava, induced elongation of the hair shaft, an increase in proliferation of DPCs and ORS cells, and an increase in expression of IGF-1 in DPCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that E. cava containing dioxinodehydroeckol promotes hair growth through stimulation of DPCs and ORS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Bak
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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Abstract
Cell replacement therapy and gene transfer to the diseased or injured brain have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases including Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, spinal cord injury and brain cancer. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from neural stem cells, and extensive efforts by investigators to develop neural stem cell-based transplantation therapies have been carried out. We review here notable experimental and pre-clinical studies we have previously conducted involving human neural stem cell-based cell- and gene-therapies for Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, ALS, stroke and brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung U Kim
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon Medical University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea ; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hong J Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon Medical University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - In H Park
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Gachon Medical University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon T Lee
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae K Roh
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu C Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SK, Avila JJ, Massett MP. Genetic Background Limits the Endothelial Response to Exercise Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495741.25053.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou JX, Dhawan S, Fu H, Snyder E, Bottino R, Kundu S, Kim SK, Bhushan A. Combined modulation of polycomb and trithorax genes rejuvenates β cell replication. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4849-58. [PMID: 24216481 DOI: 10.1172/jci69468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate functional β cell mass underlies both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. β Cell growth and regeneration also decrease with age through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Age-dependent loss of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) prevents adult β cell replication through derepression of the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a (INK4a). We investigated whether replenishing EZH2 could reverse the age-dependent increase of Ink4a transcription. We generated an inducible pancreatic β cell-specific Ezh2 transgenic mouse model and showed that transgene expression of Ezh2 was sufficient to increase β cell replication and regeneration in young adult mice. In mice older than 8 months, induction of Ezh2 was unable to repress Ink4a. Older mice had an enrichment of a trithorax group (TrxG) protein complex at the Ink4a locus. Knockdown of TrxG complex components, in conjunction with expression of Ezh2, resulted in Ink4a repression and increased replication of β cells in aged mice. These results indicate that combined modulation of polycomb group proteins, such as EZH2, along with TrxG proteins to repress Ink4a can rejuvenate the replication capacity of aged β cells. This study provides potential therapeutic targets for expansion of adult β cell mass.
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An JH, Jang YM, Song KH, Kim SK, Park SW, Jung HG, Kim DL. Outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122:50-4. [PMID: 24464598 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the clinical outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) which has not been fully established in diabetic patients with critical limb Ischaemia (CLI) compared with non-diabetics. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A total of 73 limbs of 52 patients (50 limbs of 34 diabetic patients and 23 limbs of 18 non-diabetics) who underwent PTA for CLI (Rutherford-Becker category 4, 5 or 6) were enrolled. Rates of amputation and restenosis, and ankle brachial index (ABI), were assessed before and after PTA during a 36-month follow-up period. RESULTS Diabetic patients had a higher rate of major amputations after PTA (10 vs. 0%, P<0.05); however, total amputation (12.0 vs. 8.7%, P=0.62) and restenosis rates (4.0 vs. 8.7%, P=0.38) were not significantly different compared with non-diabetic patients. ABI at 3 months after PTA was significantly improved in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients (0.70±0.20 vs. 0.93±0.19, P<0.01 in diabetic patients; 0.69±0.25 vs. 0.92±0.17, P<0.01 in non-diabetics). Improved ABI was maintained for 36 months in both groups and did not show a significant difference (0.88±0.21 vs. 0.89±0.20, P=0.89). CONCLUSION Our results, showing that the outcome of PTA in diabetic patients is not inferior to that in non-diabetics, suggest the potential benefit of primary PTA, instead of bypass surgery, for CLI in diabetic patients who are at high risk of perioperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-M Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Park
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-G Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-L Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Eun YG, Chung DH, Kim SW, Lee YC, Kim SK, Kwon KH. A Fas-associated via death domain promoter polymorphism (rs10898853, -16C/T) as a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer. Eur Surg Res 2014; 52:1-7. [PMID: 24434721 DOI: 10.1159/000355878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether a Fas-associated via death domain (FADD) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and clinicopathological features of PTC. METHODS To identify a possible association with PTC, 94 patients with PTC and 346 healthy controls were recruited. One promoter SNP (rs10898853, -16C/T) was analyzed by direct sequencing. Multiple logistic regression models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and log-additive models) were applied, and odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values were calculated. RESULTS The genotype of the promoter SNP (rs10898853) of FADD was found to be significantly associated with PTC in the co-dominant model 2 (T/T vs. C/C; p = 0.002, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.39-5.65), the recessive model (p = 0.003, OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.31-3.71), and the log-additive model (p = 0.002, OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.20-2.44). Allele frequency analysis showed that the C allele of rs10898853 was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTC (p = 0.002, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21-2.32). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the FADD promoter polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Baek JM, Yoon W, Kim SK, Jung MY, Park MS, Kim JT, Kang HK. Acute basilar artery occlusion: outcome of mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire stent within 8 hours of stroke onset. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:989-93. [PMID: 24335542 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mechanical thrombectomy with a stent retriever applied shortly after symptom onset could increase good functional outcomes and improve survival in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion, but this has not yet been studied. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy with a Solitaire stent within 8 hours of stroke onset in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 25 consecutive patients with acute basilar artery occlusion who were treated with mechanical thrombectomy by use of the Solitaire stent within 8 hours of stroke symptom onset. Successful recanalization was defined as TICI grade 2b or 3. Good outcome was defined as mRS score of 0-2 at 3 months. Clinical and radiologic data in patients with good outcomes were compared with those with poor outcomes. RESULTS Successful recanalization was achieved in 96% (24/25) of patients, and 48% (12/25) of patients had good outcomes. Eighty-eight percent (22/25) of patients survived to 3 months. The median NIHSS score on admission was significantly lower in patients with good outcomes than in those with poor outcomes (9.5 versus 14, P = .005). Procedure-related complications occurred in 2 patients (8%). No symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages occurred. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that mechanical thrombectomy by use of a Solitaire stent within 8 hours of stroke onset increases good outcomes and improves survival in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Baek
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.B., W.Y., S.K.K., M.Y.J., H.K.K.)
| | - W Yoon
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.B., W.Y., S.K.K., M.Y.J., H.K.K.)
| | - S K Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.B., W.Y., S.K.K., M.Y.J., H.K.K.)
| | - M Y Jung
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.B., W.Y., S.K.K., M.Y.J., H.K.K.)
| | - M S Park
- Neurology (M.S.P., J.T.K.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J T Kim
- Neurology (M.S.P., J.T.K.), Chonnam National University Medical School, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Kang
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.M.B., W.Y., S.K.K., M.Y.J., H.K.K.)
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Lee J, Sugiyama T, Liu Y, Wang J, Gu X, Lei J, Markmann JF, Miyazaki S, Miyazaki JI, Szot GL, Bottino R, Kim SK. Expansion and conversion of human pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting endocrine cells. eLife 2013; 2:e00940. [PMID: 24252877 PMCID: PMC3826580 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cell insufficiency underlies pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus; thus, functional β-cell replacement from renewable sources is the focus of intensive worldwide effort. However, in vitro production of progeny that secrete insulin in response to physiological cues from primary human cells has proven elusive. Here we describe fractionation, expansion and conversion of primary adult human pancreatic ductal cells into progeny resembling native β-cells. FACS-sorted adult human ductal cells clonally expanded as spheres in culture, while retaining ductal characteristics. Expression of the cardinal islet developmental regulators Neurog3, MafA, Pdx1 and Pax6 converted exocrine duct cells into endocrine progeny with hallmark β-cell properties, including the ability to synthesize, process and store insulin, and secrete it in response to glucose or other depolarizing stimuli. These studies provide evidence that genetic reprogramming of expandable human pancreatic cells with defined factors may serve as a general strategy for islet replacement in diabetes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00940.001 Diabetes mellitus is a disease that can lead to dangerously high blood sugar levels, causing numerous complications such as heart disease, glaucoma, skin disorders, kidney disease, and nerve damage. In healthy individuals, beta cells in the pancreas produce a hormone called insulin, which stimulates cells in the liver, muscles and fat to take up glucose from the blood. However, this process is disrupted in people with diabetes, who either have too few pancreatic beta cells (type 1 diabetes) or do not respond appropriately to insulin (type 2 diabetes). All patients with type 1 diabetes, and some with type 2, must inject themselves regularly with insulin, but this does not always fully control the disease. Some type 1 patients have been successfully treated with beta cells transplanted from deceased donors, but there are not enough donor organs available for this to become routine. Thus, intensive efforts worldwide are focused on generating insulin-producing cells in the lab from human stem cells. However, the cells produced in this way can give rise to tumors. Now, Lee et al. have shown that duct cells, which make up about 30% of the human pancreas, can be converted into cells capable of producing and secreting insulin. Ductal cells obtained from donor pancreases were first separated from the remaining tissue and grown in cell culture. Viruses were then used to introduce genes that reprogrammed the ductal cells so that they acquired the ability to make, process and store insulin, and to release it in response to glucose—hallmark features of functional beta cells. As well as providing a potential source of cells for use in transplant or cell conversion therapies for diabetes, the ability to grow and maintain human pancreatic ductal cells in culture may make it easier to study other diseases that affect the pancreas, including pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and adenocarcinoma. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00940.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyeob Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Leung TH, Zhang LF, Wang J, Ning S, Knox SJ, Kim SK. Topical hypochlorite ameliorates NF-κB-mediated skin diseases in mice. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5361-70. [PMID: 24231355 DOI: 10.1172/jci70895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates cellular responses to inflammation and aging, and alterations in NF-κB signaling underlie the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. Effective clinical therapeutics targeting this pathway remain unavailable. In primary human keratinocytes, we found that hypochlorite (HOCl) reversibly inhibited the expression of CCL2 and SOD2, two NF-κB-dependent genes. In cultured cells, HOCl inhibited the activity of inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK), a key regulator of NF-κB activation, by oxidizing cysteine residues Cys114 and Cys115. In NF-κB reporter mice, topical HOCl reduced LPS-induced NF-κB signaling in skin. We further evaluated topical HOCl use in two mouse models of NF-κB-driven epidermal disease. For mice with acute radiation dermatitis, topical HOCl inhibited the expression of NF-κB-dependent genes, decreased disease severity, and prevented skin ulceration. In aged mice, topical HOCl attenuated age-dependent production of p16INK4a and expression of the DNA repair gene Rad50. Additionally, skin of aged HOCl-treated mice acquired enhanced epidermal thickness and proliferation, comparable to skin in juvenile animals. These data suggest that topical HOCl reduces NF-κB-mediated epidermal pathology in radiation dermatitis and skin aging through IKK modulation and motivate the exploration of HOCl use for clinical aims.
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Kim SH, Wang SJ, Park M, Kim SK. An initial measurement of a fast neutral spectrum for ion cyclotron range of frequency heated plasma using two-channel compact neutral particle analyzers in KSTAR. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:113504. [PMID: 24289396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4829696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of fast neutral particles from high energy ion tails is very important since it is a measure of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) or neutral beam (NB) ion heating. In KSTAR, fast neutral measurements have been carried out using a compact neutral particle analyzer based on the silicon photo diode since 2010. As a result, the fast neutral spectrum was observed consistent with the ion temperature, diamagnetic energy, and neutron flux in 2011. However, there was fast neutral count beyond the injected neutral beam energy in NB-only heating. Since it is difficult to expect the count unless the temperature is high enough to diffuse the fast ions beyond the beam energy it was required to identify what it is. During the 2012 campaign, the two-channel diode detectors with and without a particle stopper were used to distinguish fast neutral counts and other counts by a hard X-ray or neutrons. As a result, it was confirmed that the high energy component beyond the beam energy originated from a hard X-ray or neutrons. Finally, it was observed that faster neutrals are generated by ICRF heating and enhanced by electron cyclotron heating compared to NB-only heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Nuclear Fusion Engineering and Technology Development Center, KAERI, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
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Park SC, Kim EY, Kang YA, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Jung JY. Validation of a scoring tool to predict drug-resistant pathogens in hospitalised pneumonia patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:704-9. [PMID: 23575340 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) affects a heterogeneous group of patients in frequent contact with health care systems. However, HCAP criteria poorly predict infection with drug-resistant (DR) pathogens. OBJECTIVE To validate our previously reported risk-scoring model (predictive of DR pathogen infection) in patients admitted to hospital with pneumonia. DESIGN We evaluated 580 patients admitted with culture-positive bacterial pneumonia. We identified risk factors, evaluated the risk-scoring model's capacity to predict infection by DR pathogens and compared the model's diagnostic accuracy with that of current HCAP criteria. RESULTS DR pathogens were observed in 227/580 patients (39.1%). Of 269 HCAP patients, 153 (56.9%) were infected with DR pathogens. Overtreatment was more common in HCAP than in community-acquired pneumonia (58.7% vs. 41.2%, P < 0.001). Recent hospitalisation, admission from a long-term care facility, recent antibiotic treatment and tube feeding were independently associated with DR pathogens. For pathogen prediction, the risk-scoring model showed better diagnostic accuracy than HCAP criteria (area under receiver operating-characteristic curve = 0.723 vs. 0.673, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to current HCAP criteria, half of the HCAP patients were treated unnecessarily with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Risk scoring by stratifying risk factors could improve the identification of patients likely to be infected with DR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND IL22RA1 (Interleukin 22 receptor-alpha 1), a member of the class II cytokine receptor family, mediates diverse biologic activities and appears to be important in pathogen defense, wound healing, and tissue reorganization. Polymorphisms in genes encoding inflammatory cytokines are associated with increased cancer risk. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL22 and IL22RA1 and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and to assess the relationship between the SNP in the IL22 and IL22RA1 and the clinical parameters of PTC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study enrolled experimental group of 94 PTC patients and 213 controls. PTC patients were grouped and compared for clinical PTC parameters. One promoter SNP of IL22, -429C/T (rs2227485), and one SNP of IL22RA1, Arg518Gly (rs3795299) were analyzed using direct sequencing. Genetic data were analyzed using Helixtree, SNPAnalyzer Pro, SNPStats, and Haploview. RESULTS A SNP in IL22 (rs2227485) was significantly associated with PTC (codominant2 model [C/C vs T/T], odds ratio (OR) 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-4.71, p=0.012; dominant model, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.08-3.31, p=0.022). The allele T frequency of rs2227485 in IL22 was also associated with PTC (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.25, p=0.009). According to clinical parameters, rs2227485 of IL22 was associated with number of cancers (dominant model, OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.02-9.01, p=0.035). By haplotype analysis, TG was associated with PTC (codominant model, OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.16, p=0.019; dominant model, OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.13- 3.24, p=0.015). Genotype and allele analysis of rs3795299 in IL22RA1 showed no significant differences between PTC patients and controls. CONCLUSION The rs2227485 SNP in IL22 might be associated with the risk and the multifocality of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kandong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University School of Medicine, 445 Gil-Dong, Kangdong-Gu, Seoul 134-701, South Korea
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Kim SK, Lee SM, Yoo SS, Hahm JR, Jung JH, Kim HS, Kim S, Chung SI, Jung TS. Transient thyrotoxicosis from thyroiditis induced by sibutramine overdose. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:890-2. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112468907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sibutramine is an antiobesity drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenalin in the hypothalamus. A 37-year-old Korean man presented to the emergency room for the oral intake of 280 mg of sibutramine. The patient was in thyrotoxic state. The 99mTechnetium-pertechnetate thyroid scan showed irregular uptake of radioisotope and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody and thyroperoxidase antibody were negative. Thyroid function normalized after that. The patient had transient thyrotoxicosis with thyroiditis. We report a case of thyrotoxicosis accompanied by thyroiditis resulting from the intentional overdose of sibutramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - SM Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - SS Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - JR Hahm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - JH Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - HS Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - SI Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - TS Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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Abstract
Elucidation of cellular and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) governing organ development will accelerate progress toward tissue replacement. Here, we have compiled reference GRNs underlying pancreas development from data mining that integrates multiple approaches, including mutant analysis, lineage tracing, cell purification, gene expression and enhancer analysis, and biochemical studies of gene regulation. Using established computational tools, we integrated and represented these networks in frameworks that should enhance understanding of the surging output of genomic-scale genetic and epigenetic studies of pancreas development and diseases such as diabetes and pancreatic cancer. We envision similar approaches would be useful for understanding the development of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Efsun Arda
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA
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Kang WG, Choi JH, Jeon EJ, Lee JI, Kim HJ, Kim SK, Kim YD, Lee JH, Ma KJ, Myung SS, So JH. Ultra-low gamma-ray measurement system for neutrinoless double beta decay. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 81:290-3. [PMID: 23726518 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An experiment for the detection of 0νβ(+)/EC and 0νEC/EC in 92Mo nuclei has been carried out with a scintillating crystal, CaMoO4, in coincidence with the HPGe detector. We study the background events inside the event selection window for 0ν β(+)/EC decays of CaMoO4 detector. For 51.2 days of data taking period, we didn't observe any event in the neutrinoless EC/EC decay event window. The (92)Mo 0νβ(+)/EC decay half-life limit was set to 0.61×10(20) years with a 90% confidence by method of Feldman and Cousins. This ultra-low gamma ray measurement utilizing coincidence technique can be used for the resonant EC/EC decay process of some nuclei which is potentially important for neutrinoless double beta decay process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Kang
- Physics Department, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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Oh SA, Kim SK, Kang MK, Yea JW. SU-E-T-357: Dosimetric Verification of the Enhanced Dynamic Wedges Using a 2D Ion Chamber Array. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kim BH, Olsen SL, Adachi I, Aihara H, Asner DM, Aulchenko V, Bay A, Belous K, Bhuyan B, Bonvicini G, Bozek A, Bračko M, Browder TE, Chekelian V, Chen A, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Chistov R, Cho IS, Cho K, Chobanova V, Choi SK, Choi Y, Cinabro D, Dalseno J, Doležal Z, Eidelman S, Epifanov D, Esen S, Farhat H, Fast JE, Gaur V, Ganguly S, Gillard R, Goh YM, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hsiung YB, Hyun HJ, Inami K, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki Y, Julius T, Kah DH, Kang JH, Kapusta P, Kato E, Kichimi H, Kim HJ, Kim HO, Kim JH, Kim KT, Kim MJ, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Kinoshita K, Klucar J, Ko BR, Kodyš P, Korpar S, Kouzes RT, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kumita T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Lee SH, Li J, Li X, Li Y, Libby J, Liventsev D, Matvienko D, Miyabayashi K, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moll A, Muramatsu N, Mussa R, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nedelkovska E, Ng C, Nisar NK, Nishida S, Nishimura K, Ohshima T, Okuno S, Pakhlov P, Pakhlova G, Park H, Park HK, Peters M, Petrič M, Piilonen LE, Ritter M, Ryu S, Sahoo H, Sakai Y, Sandilya S, Sanuki T, Savinov V, Schneider O, Schnell G, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Semmler D, Senyo K, Seon O, Sevior ME, Shapkin M, Shebalin V, Shen CP, Shibata TA, Shiu JG, Shwartz B, Simon F, Smerkol P, Sohn YS, Sokolov A, Solovieva E, Stanič S, Starič M, Sumihama M, Sumiyoshi T, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Tatishvili G, Teramoto Y, Trabelsi K, Uchida M, Uehara S, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Usov Y, Van Hulse C, Varner G, Vorobyev V, Wagner MN, Wang CH, Wang P, Watanabe Y, Williams KM, Won E, Yamashita Y, Zhilich V, Zupanc A. Search for an H-dibaryon with a mass near 2mΛ in Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:222002. [PMID: 23767713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.222002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a high-statistics search for H dibaryon production in inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays. No indication of an H dibaryon with a mass near the M(H)=2m(Λ) threshold is seen in either the H→Λpπ(-) or ΛΛ decay channels and 90% confidence level branching-fraction upper limits are set that are between one and two orders of magnitude below the measured branching fractions for inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) decays to antideuterons. Since Υ(1S,2S) decays produce flavor-SU(3)-symmetric final states, these results put stringent constraints on H dibaryon properties. The results are based on analyses of 102 million Υ(1S) and 158 million Υ(2S) events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Kim
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742
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Jang HJ, Lee MO, Kim S, Kim TH, Kim SK, Song G, Womack JE, Han JY. Biallelic expression of the L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase gene with different methylation status between male and female primordial germ cells in chickens. Poult Sci 2013; 92:760-9. [PMID: 23436527 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic functions of DNA methylation include in gene silencing by methylation of specific gene promoters, defense of the host genome from retrovirus, and transcriptional suppression of transgenes. In addition, genomic imprinting, by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, has been observed in a wide range of plants and animals and has been associated with differential methylation. However, imprinting phenomena of DNA methylation effects have not been revealed in chickens. To analyze whether genomic imprinting occurs in chickens, methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation array analysis was applied across the entire genome of germ cells in early chick embryos. A differentially methylated region (DMR) was detected in the eighth intron of the l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (GATM) gene. When the DMR in GATM was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing, the methylation in male primordial germ cells (PGC) of 6-d-old embryos was higher than that in female PGC (57.5 vs. 35.0%). At 8 d, the DMR methylation of GATM in male PGC was 3.7-fold higher than that in female PGC (65.0 vs. 17.5%). Subsequently, to investigate mono- or biallelic expression of the GATM gene during embryo development, we found 2 indel sequences (GTTTAATGC and CAAAAA) within the GATM 3'-untranslated region in Korean Oge (KO) and White Leghorn (WL) chickens. When individual WL and KO chickens were genotyped for indel sequences, 3 allele combinations (homozygous insertion, homozygous deletion, and heterozygotes) were detected in both breeds using a gel shift assay and high-resolution melt assay. The deletion allele was predominant in KO, whereas the insertion allele was predominant in WL. Heterozygous animals were evenly distributed in both breeds (P < 0.01). Despite the different methylation status between male and female PGC, the GATM gene conclusively displayed biallelic expression in PGC as well as somatic embryonic, extraembryonic, and adult chicken tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SK, Park JY, Hann SK, Kim YC, Lee ES, Kang HY. Hypopigmented keratosis: is it a hyperkeratotic variant of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis? Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:526-9. [PMID: 23600406 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have occasionally seen patients with acquired well-demarcated, scattered hypopigmented papules. In this study, we investigated the clinical and histopathological characteristics of such lesions. Biopsies were taken from the lesional and perilesional normal skin from 10 of 13 patients, which were compared with 10 idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) samples. The lesions were scattered, well-circumscribed, flat-topped, hypopigmented papules. There was no age or gender predilection. Marked hyperkeratosis was present, with clear-cut margins distinguishable from the adjacent normal epidermis. The melanin content was decreased in the lesional epidermis, which was associated with a decrease in expression of melanogenesis-associated markers such as tyrosinase and NKI/beteb (marker of gp100) and reduction in the number of melanocytes. These histological findings were similar to those of IGH except for the additional finding of a thicker stratum corneum in this case seem to represent a 'hyperkeratotic' variant of IGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim SY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Lee HJ, Cho SN, Kang YA. The responses of multiple cytokines following incubation of whole blood from TB patients, latently infected individuals and controls with the TB antigens ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7. Scand J Immunol 2013; 76:580-6. [PMID: 22946827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of clinically relevant biomarkers is important for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB) and predicting their prognoses. This study examined whether the responses of multiple cytokines can be used as a biomarker to distinguish the TB infection status and mycobacterial load. We analysed the responses of multiple cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 and TNF-α) in the supernatant from the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay following stimulation of whole blood from the TB group (n = 32), LTBI group (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 30) with TB antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10 and TB7.7). The median responses of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 were higher in the LTBI and active TB groups than in the non-TB control group (IFN-γ, P < 0.001; IL-2, P < 0.001; IL-10, P = 0.012; IL-13, P < 0.001). The median IL-2/IFN-γ ratio of the LTBI group was higher than that of the active TB group (P = 0.014) and differed significantly between patients with LTBI, patients with smear-negative TB and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.027). This difference was especially evident between the patients with LTBI and patients with smear-positive TB (P = 0.047). In conclusion, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-13 can serve as biomarkers for distinguishing TB infection. In addition, the IL-2/IFN-γ ratio appears to be a biomarker for diagnosing LTBI and may be useful as a prognostic factor and for evaluating treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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137
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Folkman CM, Highland MJ, Perret E, Kim SK, Fister TT, Zhou H, Baldo PM, Seifert S, Eastman JA, Fuoss PH, Fong DD. Modular instrument mounting system for variable environment in operando X-ray experiments. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:025111. [PMID: 23464255 DOI: 10.1063/1.4791799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the growing field of in operando and in situ X-ray experiments, there exists a large disparity in the types of environments and equipment to control them. This situation makes it challenging to conduct multiple experiments with a single mechanical interface to the diffractometer. Here, we describe the design and implementation of a modular instrument mounting system that can be installed on a standard six-circle diffractometer (e.g., 5021 Huber GmbH). This new system allows for the rapid changeover of different chambers and sample heaters and permits accurate sample positioning (x, y, z, and azimuthal rotation) without rigid coupling to the chamber body. Isolation of the sample motion from the chamber enclosure is accomplished through a combination of custom rotary seals and bellows. Control of the pressure and temperature has been demonstrated in the ranges of 10(-6)-10(3) Torr and 25°C-900°C, respectively. We have utilized the system with several different modular instruments. As an example, we provide in situ sputtering results, where the growth dynamics of epitaxial LaGaO3 thin films on (001) SrTiO3 substrates were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Folkman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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138
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Lee KH, Kim EY, Lee JH, Kim SK. The clincal characteristics of abdominal migraine and risk factors for developing migraine later in childhood. J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620364 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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139
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Kim SK, Kim YW, Youn HJ, Jung SH. Abstract P1-10-01: Curcumin suppresses MMP-9 expression via inhibition of PKCα/MAPKs and NF-κB/AP-1 activation in MCF-7 cells. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p1-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the plant turmeric (Curcuma longa), which is commonly used as a spice. It was recently reported for its anticancer effect on several types of cancer cells in vitro, however the molecular mechanisms of this anticancer effect are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) expression and cell invasion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: The effect of curcumin on MCF-7 cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The cells invasion was demonstrated by the Matrigel-coated transwell assay. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the effect of curcumin on the expression of MMP-9. MMP-9 mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time PCR. NF-κB and AP-1 DNA binding was analyzed by EMSA.
Results: Our results showed that curcumin inhibits TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion through suppressing NF-κB and AP-1 activation. Curcumin strongly repressed the TPA-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and also inhibited TPA-induced translocation of PKCa from the cytosol to the membrane, but did not affect the translocation of PKCδ.
Conclusion: It is concluded that curcumin inhibits the TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion through the suppression of the PKCα/MAPK/NF-kB/AP-1 pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Accordingly, curcumin may have the therapeutic potential in restricting breast cancer metastasis.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Kim
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - YW Kim
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - HJ Youn
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Jung
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, Republic of Korea
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Park HJ, Yun DH, Kim SK, Chung JH, Lee JS, Park HK, Chon J, Kim DH, Yoo SD, Kim HS. Association of CXCL1 promoter polymorphism with ischaemic stroke in Korean population. Int J Immunogenet 2012. [PMID: 23198952 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a pilot study analysing association of chemokine gene polymorphisms (CXCL1, rs3117604; CXCL2, rs3806792; CCL2, rs2857656 and rs3760396; CCL5, rs2107538) in Korean patients with ischemic stroke (IS) (n = 120) and age-matched controls (n = 267). The CXCL1 gene and particularly T allele of rs3117604 was associated with IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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141
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Kim SY, Park MS, Kim YS, Kim SK, Chang J, Kang YA. Conversion rates of an interferon-γ release assay and the tuberculin skin test in the serial monitoring of healthcare workers. Infection 2012; 41:511-6. [PMID: 23104257 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-012-0356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular monitoring of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in healthcare workers (HCWs) is recommended, but the view about the effective method and performance of serial monitoring is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine differences in conversion rates according to TB exposure risk using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), and to evaluate the reproducibility and within-subject variability of the QFT-GIT in South Korea. METHODS Fifty-three HCWs were grouped according to their risk for TB exposure: group 1, high risk (n = 21); group 2, low risk (n = 32). Baseline and follow-up TSTs and QFT-GITs were performed from June 2009 to July 2011. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were repeated for the second QFT-GIT and a third QFT-GIT was performed after 8 weeks when discordant results of the second TST and QFT-GIT or a conversion or reversion were observed. RESULTS No difference in the QFT-GIT conversion rate was evident between the two groups (15.4 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.57), and no TST conversion was observed. The rate of QFT-GIT positivity was higher in the high-risk group (first QFT-GIT: 38.1 vs. 3.1 %, p = 0.002; second QFT-GIT: 33.3 vs. 9.4 %, p = 0.039). The re-test reproducibility of QFT-GIT results was high (100 %), and the within-subject results of repetitive QFT-GITs were variable. CONCLUSIONS Stricter prevention strategies remain necessary in HCWs at high risk of TB exposure, and serial interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) should be interpreted with caution in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
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142
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Goodyer WR, Gu X, Liu Y, Bottino R, Crabtree GR, Kim SK. Neonatal β cell development in mice and humans is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT. Dev Cell 2012; 23:21-34. [PMID: 22814600 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms governing neonatal growth and maturation of organs. Here we demonstrate that calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (Cn/NFAT) signaling regulates neonatal pancreatic development in mouse and human islets. Inactivation of calcineurin b1 (Cnb1) in mouse islets impaired dense core granule biogenesis, decreased insulin secretion, and reduced cell proliferation and mass, culminating in lethal diabetes. Pancreatic β cells lacking Cnb1 failed to express genes revealed to be direct NFAT targets required for replication, insulin storage, and secretion. In contrast, glucokinase activation stimulated Cn-dependent expression of these genes. Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, used for human immunosuppression, induce diabetes. Tacrolimus exposure reduced Cn/NFAT-dependent expression of factors essential for insulin dense core granule formation and secretion and neonatal β cell proliferation, consistent with our genetic studies. Discovery of conserved pathways regulating β cell maturation and proliferation suggests new strategies for controlling β cell growth or replacement in human islet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Goodyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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143
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Sim SY, Jeon HS, Chung GS, Kim SK, Kwon SJ, Lee WK, Park KS. Fall detection algorithm for the elderly using acceleration sensors on the shoes. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:4935-8. [PMID: 22255445 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The rate of increase in the number of aging population in Korea is very rapid among OECD-member countries. And fall accident is one of the most common factors that threaten the health of the elderly. Therefore, it is needed to develop a fall detection system for the elderly. Most fall detection systems use accelerometers attached on the torso. And in various studies, it was verified that these systems have high sensitivity and high specificity. However, the elderly would feel uncomfortable when banding a sensor on the chest every day. Therefore, in this study, we attached an accelerometer on the shoes to detect fall in the elderly. This prototype system would be improved as a smaller, low-power system in the next study. Also, applying energy harvesting device to this shoe system is being developed to reduce the weight of battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Sim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul national university, Republic of Korea.
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144
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Abstract
The relentless nature and increasing prevalence of human pancreatic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus and adenocarcinoma, has motivated further understanding of pancreas organogenesis. The pancreas is a multifunctional organ whose epithelial cells govern a diversity of physiologically vital endocrine and exocrine functions. The mechanisms governing the birth, differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, maturation, and maintenance of the endocrine and exocrine components in the pancreas have been discovered recently with increasing tempo. This includes recent studies unveiling mechanisms permitting unexpected flexibility in the developmental potential of immature and mature pancreatic cell subsets, including the ability to interconvert fates. In this article, we describe how classical cell biology, genetic analysis, lineage tracing, and embryological investigations are being complemented by powerful modern methods including epigenetic analysis, time-lapse imaging, and flow cytometry-based cell purification to dissect fundamental processes of pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecil M Benitez
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5329, USA
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145
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Kim SC, Bhang H, Choi JH, Kang WG, Kim BH, Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kim SK, Kim YD, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee JK, Lee MJ, Lee SJ, Li J, Li J, Li XR, Li YJ, Myung SS, Olsen SL, Ryu S, Seong IS, So JH, Yue Q. New limits on interactions between weakly interacting massive particles and nucleons obtained with CsI(Tl) crystal detectors. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:181301. [PMID: 22681055 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.181301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New limits are presented on the cross section for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering in the KIMS CsI(Tℓ) detector array at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The exposure used for these results is 24 524.3 kg·days. Nuclei recoiling from WIMP interactions are identified by a pulse shape discrimination method. A low energy background due to alpha emitters on the crystal surfaces is identified and taken into account in the analysis. The detected numbers of nuclear recoils are consistent with zero and 90% confidence level upper limits on the WIMP interaction rates are set for electron equivalent energies from 3 to 11 keV. The 90% upper limit of the nuclear recoil event rate for 3.6-5.8 keV corresponding to 2-4 keV in NaI(Tℓ) is 0.0098 counts/kg/keV/day, which is below the annual modulation amplitude reported by DAMA. This is incompatible with interpretations that enhance the modulation amplitude such as inelastic dark matter models. We establish the most stringent cross section limits on spin-dependent WIMP-proton elastic scattering for the WIMP masses greater than 20 GeV/c2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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146
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Lee H, Park SH, Kim SK, Choe JY, Park JS. Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne syndrome (PAPA syndrome) with E250K mutation in CD2BP1 gene treated with the tumor necrosis factor inhibitor adalimumab. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30:452. [PMID: 22513199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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147
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Kim JH, Jin SM, Oh SH, Lee S, Oh BJ, Kim SK, Suh S, Lee JH, Jung HS, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim KW. Counting small hypointense spots confounds the quantification of functional islet mass based on islet MRI. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1303-12. [PMID: 22299723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron-containing fragmented islets or free iron released from dying cells could confound the interpretation of MRI of iron nanoparticle-labeled islets. Exclusion of small hypointense spots could be a useful strategy to avoid such artifact. We investigated whether this strategy could improve the estimation of functioning islet mass after islet transplantation. Using a rat syngeneic intraportal islet transplantation model, we quantitatively assessed the relationships between total area, number of hypointense spots on MRI that belong to each size quartile and glycemic control of the recipients. The total area of hypointense spots on MRI was greater in the recipients that achieved diabetes reversal (p = 0.002), whereas the total number of hypointense spots was not different (p = 0.757). Exclusion of small hypointense spots improved the association between the number of hypointense spots and the blood glucose level of the recipients (p < 0.001). Ex-vivo imaging and histologic study confirmed that some small hypointense spots represent the phagocytosed free iron. Exclusion of small hypointense spots improved the quantification of the functional islet mass based on islet MRI. This would be a useful principle in the development of an algorithm to estimate functioning islet mass based on islet MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sato Y, Yamamoto H, Aihara H, Asner DM, Aulchenko V, Aushev T, Aziz T, Bakich AM, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Bischofberger M, Bondar A, Bozek A, Bračko M, Browder TE, Chang P, Chen P, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Chistov R, Cho IS, Cho K, Choi SK, Choi Y, Dalseno J, Doležal Z, Drásal Z, Eidelman S, Epifanov D, Fast JE, Gaur V, Gabyshev N, Goh YM, Golob B, Haba J, Hara T, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Horii Y, Hoshi Y, Hou WS, Hyun HJ, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwabuchi M, Iwasaki Y, Iwashita T, Julius T, Kapusta P, Kawasaki T, Kichimi H, Kiesling C, Kim HJ, Kim HO, Kim JB, Kim JH, Kim KT, Kim MJ, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Kinoshita K, Ko BR, Kobayashi N, Kodyš P, Korpar S, Križan P, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kumar R, Kumita T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lange JS, Lee SH, Li J, Li Y, Liu C, Liu ZQ, Louvot R, McOnie S, Miyabayashi K, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moll A, Muramatsu N, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nakazawa H, Natkaniec Z, Nishida S, Nishimura K, Nitoh O, Ogawa S, Ohshima T, Okuno S, Olsen SL, Onuki Y, Ostrowicz W, Pakhlov P, Pakhlova G, Park CW, Park H, Park HK, Pedlar TK, Petrič M, Piilonen LE, Poluektov A, Röhrken M, Ryu S, Sahoo H, Sakai Y, Sanuki T, Schneider O, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Seidl R, Senyo K, Seon O, Sevior ME, Shapkin M, Shen CP, Shibata TA, Shiu JG, Shwartz B, Sibidanov A, Simon F, Smerkol P, Sohn YS, Sokolov A, Solovieva E, Stanič S, Starič M, Stypula J, Sumihama M, Sumiyoshi T, Tanaka S, Tatishvili G, Teramoto Y, Trabelsi K, Uchida M, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Urquijo P, Varner G, Varvell KE, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang P, Wang XL, Watanabe M, Watanabe Y, Wicht J, Won E, Yabsley BD, Yamashita Y, Yusa Y, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhulanov V, Zupanc A. Measurement of the CP-violation parameter sin2φ1 with a new tagging method at the Υ(5S) resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:171801. [PMID: 22680851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.171801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the CP-violation parameter sin2φ1 at the Υ(5S) resonance using a new tagging method, called "B-π tagging." In Υ(5S) decays containing a neutral B meson, a charged B, and a charged pion, the neutral B is reconstructed in the J/ψK(S)(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel. The initial flavor of the neutral B meson at the moment of the Υ(5S) decay is opposite to that of the charged B and may thus be inferred from the charge of the pion without reconstructing the charged B. From the asymmetry between B-π(+) and B-π(-) tagged J/ψK(S)(0) yields, we determine sin2φ1=0.57±0.58(stat)±0.06(syst). The results are based on 121 fb(-1) of data recorded by the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) collider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sato
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kim SK. Gut insulin from Foxo1 loss. Nat Genet 2012; 44:363-4. [PMID: 22456735 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine cells, including those in the gut, have a vast array of functions. A new study shows that conditional inactivation of the gene encoding Foxo1 in mouse intestinal endocrine cells converts them into cells synthesizing and secreting insulin. Ectopic gut insulin production was sufficient to ameliorate glucose control in mice with conditional pancreatic β-cell loss and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung K Kim
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Oncology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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150
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Park BH, Park MS, Chang J, Kim SK, Kang YA, Jung JY, Kim YS, Kim C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome: a nationwide survey in Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012; 16:694-700. [PMID: 22410468 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Systemic inflammation has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and metabolic syndrome. However, the association between these two conditions is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between COPD and metabolic syndrome. DESIGN Among subjects aged ≥40 years from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1215 subjects with two or more acceptable spirometry measurements and complete anthropometric/laboratory examinations were analysed. RESULTS A total of 133 subjects (11%, 100 men and 33 women) were newly diagnosed with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ≤ 70%). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, was significantly higher in COPD subjects compared with non-COPD subjects in both sexes (33.0% vs. 22.2% in men and 48.5% vs. 29.6% in women). In men, the risk of COPD was higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in those without (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.08-3.80), after adjusting for potential confounders. There was a borderline significant association between COPD and abdominal obesity among the individual component of metabolic syndrome (OR 1.95, 95%CI 0.93-4.11). CONCLUSION In the Republic of Korea, metabolic syndrome was associated with COPD in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Park
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
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