An overview on the veracity of intraoral digital scanning system and utilization of iTero scanner for analyzing orthodontic study models both In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo

In the domain of orthodontics, plaster models are contemplated as one of the important tools for diagnosis and treatment planning. In Dentistry, technological advancement has developed in the section of diagnostic devices, for example, the utilization of a 3D intraoral scanner, which can convert plaster models into digital models. With in-office utilization of this system, orthodontists can more meticulously and precisely construct custom braces, clear aligners, and orthodontic appliances. The digital data can be stored as a stereolithography file; it eliminates the disadvantages encountered with the storage of plaster models like breakage, space required, and distortion of the plaster models. ITero®element is the intraoral laser scanner (ILS) which utilizes parallel confocal scanning technology which maximizes the accuracy of the scan. By utilizing the iTero scanner, the dental measurement can be performed in OrthoCADTM software which is highly accurate. The objective of the contemporary study is to review the literature of studies on in-vivo and ex-vivo scanning with the iTero system.

Uric Acid Variability and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study in Northern China

OBJECTIVES

Uric acid(UA) is related with cardiovascular disease, but the association of UA variability with all-cause mortality is rarely known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between UA variability and all-cause mortality in Kailuan cohort study in northern China.

DESIGN

Cohort study.

SETTING

Kailuan community hospitals in Tangshan, Hebei province, Northern China.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 55717 participants from Kailuan Study were enrolled, and our study followed up biennially from 2006 to 2010.

MEASUREMENTS

Clinical records of the participants enrolled were analyzed. UA variation independent of mean (UAVIM) values were calculated and all the participants were quartile grouped into four groups as: Q1(UAVIM<0.68), Q2(0.68≤UAVIM<1.10), Q3(1.10≤UAVIM<1.67) and Q4(UAVIM≥1.67). The endpoint event was all-cause death. Cox regression model was performed to evaluate the hazard ratios(HRs) of all-cause mortality based on UAVIM groups.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 6.83 years, 2926 deaths occurred. The accumulated mortality rates were 4.6%, 4.8%, 5.4% and 6.1% in group Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively. When adjusted potential confounders, the highest risk for all-cause mortality was in group Q4 and the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of group Q2-Q4 for all-cause death were 1.044(0.937, 1.164), 1.182(1.064, 1.314) and 1.353(1.220, 1.501) compared with group Q1, respectively. Further analysis showed that the risk for all-cause death increased as UAVIM value increased. Sensitive analysis still showed the similar results when excluding participants with hyperuricemia or severe chronic kidney diseases. Sub-group analysis by age, gender, BMI or hypertension history also indicated analogous results.

CONCLUSION

Elevated UAVIM was related with increased all-cause mortality and UAVIM was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in the community cohort study.

Validation of superior reference genes for qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses in marine Emiliania huxleyi-virus model system

AIMS

To search for a set of reference genes for reliable gene expression analysis in the globally important marine coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi-virus model system.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Fifteen housekeeping genes (CDKA, CYP15, EFG3, POLAI, RPL30, RPL13, SAMS, COX1, GPB1-2, HSP90, TUA, TUB, UBA1, CAM3 and GAPDH) were evaluated for their stability as potential reference genes for qRT-PCR using ΔCt, geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper and RefFinder software. CDKA, TUA and TUB genes were tested as loading controls for Western blot in the same sample panel. Additionally, target genes associated with cell apoptosis, that is metacaspase genes, were applied to validate the selection of reference genes. The analysis results demonstrated that putative housekeeping genes exhibited significant variations in both mRNA and protein content during virus infection. After a comprehensive analysis with all the algorithms, CDKA and GAPDH were recommended as the most stable reference genes for E huxleyi virus (EhV) infection treatments. For Western blot, significant variation was seen for TUA and TUB, whereas CDKA was stably expressed, consistent with the results of qRT-PCR.

CONCLUSIONS

CDKA and GAPDH are the best choice for gene and protein expression analysis than the other candidate reference genes under EhV infection conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The stable internal control genes identified in this work will help to improve the accuracy and reliability of gene expression analysis and gain insight into complex E. huxleyi-EhV interaction regulatory networks.

Correção de fratura Salter-Harris tipo I em porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) ˗ relato de caso

RESUMO Um filhote de porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) foi recebido para atendimento após histórico de ataque por cão. Na avaliação física, observou-se edema, dor e crepitação em membro pélvico direito, sugestivo de fratura. Na avaliação radiográfica, confirmou-se fratura Salter-Harris tipo I em epífise distal da tíbia. A resolução cirúrgica escolhida foi a associação de pino transarticular e coaptação externa com tala de Altman. O paciente teve acompanhamento radiográfico semanal e obteve alta médica no 35o dia de pós-cirúrgico, quando se observou consolidação com completo remodelamento ósseo.

Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Zoledronic Acid on Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma May Depend on the Ratio Between M1 and M2 Polarized Macrophages

We studied the effect of zoledronic acid encapsulated into liposomes (L-ZOL) on tumorassociated macrophages in the stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft. Liposomes were prepared from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-snglycero-3-phospho-sn-1-glycerol, and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] using thin film method and loaded with zoledronic acid. It was shown that L-ZOL promoted apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells, eliminate much more protumoral M2 macrophages than antitumoral M1 macrophages in the tumor xenograft, and did not significantly reduce the size of xenograft in 6 days. Thus, the effect of treatment depends on the ratio between antitumoral M1 and protumoral M2 polarized macrophages in the tumor.

How long-term excessive manure application affects soil phosphorous species and risk of phosphorous loss in fluvo-aquic soil

The excessive application of manure has caused a high load of phosphorus (P) in the North China Plain. Having an understanding of how manure application affects soil P changes and its transport between different soil layers is crucial to reasonably apply manure P and reduce the associated loss. Based on our 28-year field experiments, the compositions and changes of P species and the risk of P loss under excessive manure treatments were investigated, i.e., no fertilizer (CK), mineral fertilizer NPK (NPK), NPK plus 22.5 t ha^-1 yr^-1 swine manure (LMNPK), and NPK plus 33.75 t ha^-1 yr^-1 swine manure (HMNPK). Manure application increased the content of orthophosphate and myo-inositol hexaphosphate (myo-IHP), especially the orthophosphate content exceeded 95%. The amount of orthophosphate in manure and the conversion of organic P to inorganic P in soil were the main reasons for the increased soil orthophosphate. Compared with NPK treatment, soil microbial biomass phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in LMNPK and HMNPK treatments significantly increased. Compared with NPK treatment, a high manure application rate under HMNPK treatment could increase the abundance of organic P-mineralization gene phoD by 60.0% and decrease the abundance of inorganic P-solubilization gene pqqC by 45.9%. Due to the continuous additional manure application, soil P stocks significantly increased under LMNPK and HMNPK treatments. Furthermore, part of the P has been leached to the 60-80 cm soil layer. Segmented regression analysis indicated that CaCl₂-P increased sharply when Olsen-P was higher than 25.1 mg kg^-1, however the content of Olsen-P did not exceed this value until 10 years after consecutive excessive manure application. In order to improve soil P availability and decrease the risk of P loss, the manure application rate should vary over time based on soil physicochemical conditions, plants requirements, and P stocks from previous years.

MicroRNA-489 promotes cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting SPIN1

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether microRNA-489 could promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis through targeting inhibition of SPIN1, thus participating in the development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MicroRNA-489 expression in H9c2 cells induced with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). With microRNA-489 overexpression in H/R H9c2 cells, activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were detected using relative commercial kits, respectively. The regulatory effect of microRNA-489 on the proliferation and apoptosis of H/R H9c2 cells was assessed through cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Through conducting a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, we evaluated the binding condition between microRNA-489 and SPIN1. Protein expressions of apoptotic genes in H/R H9c2 cells with microRNA-489 overexpression were determined by Western blot. Finally, the regulatory role of microRNA-489 in PI3K/AKT pathway was detected through Western blot.

RESULTS

QRT-PCR data showed that microRNA-489 was highly expressed in H/R H9c2 cells than those in normoxic control. Overexpression of microRNA-489 in H/R H9c2 cells increased the activities of LDH, MDA and GSH-PX, while decreased the activities of SOD. MicroRNA-489 overexpression markedly inhibited the proliferative rate but accelerated apoptosis of H/R H9c2 cells. Western blot results indicated that protein expressions of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and cytochrome C upregulated, whereas anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 downregulated after overexpression of microRNA-489 in H/R H9c2 cells. We confirmed that microRNA-489 could target to SPIN1 and inhibit its expression. After overexpression of microRNA-489 in H/R H9c2 cells, PI3K/AKT pathway was inhibited, which was further reversed by PI3K/AKT pathway agonist SC79. Besides, SC79 treatment also reversed the regulatory effect of overexpressed microRNA-489 on cellular behaviors of H/R H9c2 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

MicroRNA-489 inhibits the proliferation and accelerates apoptosis of cardiomyocytes after MIRI by targeting inhibition of SPIN1 via inactivating PI3K/AKT pathway. MicroRNA-489 may be a potential therapeutic target for MIRI.

Down-regulation of miR-155 promotes apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells by targeting PI3K/AKT-FOXO3a signaling

OBJECTIVE

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the common malignant tumors of the ear, nose, and throat in China. Cell apoptosis is expected to be closely related to prognosis. In recent years, with the development of non-coding RNA function research, it is proposed that miRNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155 in the apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Cell transfection was performed to knockdown or overexpress the level of miR-155 or knockdown of the level of FOXO3a. The expression of the related protein was detected by immunoblotting. The Real Time quantitative-PCR was used to detect miR-155 expression. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The changes of cell apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry using AV-PI staining and TUNEL staining.

RESULTS

The miR-155 inhibitor and mimics were successfully capable of knocking down or overexpressing miR-155 levels. After knocking down miR-155 level, cell proliferation was significantly attenuated, and apoptosis was significantly increased compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). After overexpression of miR-155, opposite results were observed. In addition, in the cells with the knockdown of miR-155 level, further knockdown of FOXO3a level significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of miR-155 on cell apoptosis compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

In nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cell line, miR-155 can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting PI3K/AKT-FOXO3a signaling. MiR-155 may be a novel target for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Modeling Commodity Flow in the Context of Invasive Species Spread: Study of Tuta absoluta in Nepal

Trade and transport of goods is widely accepted as a primary pathway for the introduction and dispersal of invasive species. However, understanding commodity flows remains a challenge owing to its complex nature, unavailability of quality data, and lack of systematic modeling methods. A robust network-based approach is proposed to model seasonal flow of agricultural produce and examine its role in pest spread. It is applied to study the spread of Tuta absoluta, a devastating pest of tomato in Nepal. Further, the long-term establishment potential of the pest and its economic impact on the country are assessed. Our analysis indicates that regional trade plays an important role in the spread of T. absoluta. The economic impact of this invasion could range from USD 17-25 million. The proposed approach is generic and particularly suited for data-poor scenarios.

[Application of Endo-GIA stapler in laparoscopic radicalcystectomy]

Objective: To explore the application of Endo-GIA stapler in laparoscopic radical cystectomy, especially in the treatment of lateral bladder ligament, and to evaluate its clinical feasibility and practicability. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data about 38 cases of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) treated in the Department of Urology, Chaoyang Hospital of Beijing and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from July 2017 to June 2019 were conducted. The patients were divided into Endo-GIA stopler group(18 cases) and non-Endo-GIA stopler group (20 cases) according to whether Endo-GIA stapler were used. The basic clinical data, operation time of bladder lateral ligament, operation time of bladder lateral wall, operation time of bladder resection, amount of bleeding during operation, pathological data after operation and related indicators of recovery after operation were compared between the two groups. Results: All 38 patients underwent radical cystectomy (RC) successfully under 3-D laparoscopy without conversion to open surgery. The operation time of bladder lateral ligament in Endo-GIA stapler group was significantly shorter than that in non-Endo-GIA stapler group [(3.25±0.75) min vs (9.20±2.95) min, P=0.042]; the operation time of bladder lateral wall in Endo-GIA stapler group was significantly shorter than that in non-Endo-GIA stapler group [(8.06±1.66) min vs (14.30±3.37) min, P=0.016]. The operation time of cystectomy in the Endo-GIA stapler group was significantly shorter than that in the non-Endo-GIA stapler group [(47.06±4.70) min vs (61.60±14.91) min,P=0.003]. The amount of bleeding in the Endo-GIA stapler group was significantly shorter than that in the non-Endo-GIA stapler group [(37.77±21.30) ml vs (114.50±39.80) ml, P=0.015]. The time of drainage tube removal in Endo-GIA group was significantly shorter than that in the non-Endo-GIA group [(5.83±1.54) d vs (7.30±3.00) d, P=0.002]. The length of post-hospitalization in Endo-GIA group was significantly shorter than that in the non-Endo-GIA group [(7.67±1.78) d vs (9.60±3.25) d,P=0.036]. However, there was no significant difference in other basic clinical data, post-operative pathology and post-operative recovery related indicators. Conclusions: Laparoscopic radical cystectomy using Endo-GIA stapler device is safe and feasible. It is easy to operate, shorten the operation time significantly, and reduce the amount of bleeding. To a certain extent, it is conducive to the recovery of patients after operation to some extent, and worthy of clinical application.

Nanographene oxides carrying antisense walR RNA regulates the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and its susceptibility to chlorhexidine

Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant pathogen for persistent periapical periodontitis. The chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as conversional irrigation agents during endodontic root canal therapy. It was reported that the antisense walR RNA (ASwalR) suppressed the biofilm organization. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of novel graphene oxide (GO)-polyethylenimine (PEI)-based antisense walR (ASwalR) on the inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to chlorhexidine. The recombinant ASwalR plasmids were modified with a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (ASwalR-eGFP) as a reporter gene so that the transformation efficiency could be evaluated by the fluorescence intensity. The GO-PEI-based ASwalR vector transformation strategy was developed to be transformed into E. faecalis and to over-produce ASwalR in biofilms. Colony forming units (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to investigate whether the antibacterial properties of antisense walR interference strategy sensitize E. faecalis biofilm to the CHX. The results indicated that overexpression of ASwalR by GO-PEI-based transformation strategy could inhibit biofilm formation, decrease the EPS synthesis and increase the susceptibility of E. faecalis biofilms to CHX. Our reports demonstrated that antisense walR RNA will be a supplementary strategy in treating E. faecalis with irrigation agents.

Direct-write 3D printing and characterization of a GelMA-based biomaterial for intracorporeal tissue

We develop and characterize a biomaterial formulation and robotic methods tailored for intracorporeal tissue engineering (TE) via direct-write (DW) 3D printing. Intracorporeal TE is defined as the biofabrication of 3D TE scaffolds inside of a living patient, in a minimally invasive manner. A biomaterial for intracorporeal TE requires to be 3D printable and crosslinkable via mechanisms that are safe to native tissues and feasible at physiological temperature (37 °C). The cell-laden biomaterial (bioink) preparation and bioprinting methods must support cell viability. Additionally, the biomaterial and bioprinting method must enable the spatially accurate intracorporeal 3D delivery of the biomaterial, and the biomaterial must adhere to or integrate into the native tissue. Current biomaterial formulations do not meet all the presumed intracorporeal DW TE requirements. We demonstrate that a specific formulation of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/Laponite^®/methylcellulose (GLM) biomaterial system can be 3D printed at physiological temperature and crosslinked using visible light to construct 3D TE scaffolds with clinically relevant dimensions and consistent structures. Cell viability of 71%-77% and consistent mechanical properties over 21 d are reported. Rheological modifiers, Laponite^® and methylcellulose, extend the degradation time of the scaffolds. The DW modality enables the piercing of the soft tissue and over-extrusion of the biomaterial into the tissue, creating a novel interlocking mechanism with soft, hydrated native tissue mimics and animal muscle with a 3.5-4 fold increase in the biomaterial/tissue adhesion strength compared to printing on top of the tissue. The developed GLM biomaterial and robotic interlocking mechanism pave the way towards intracorporeal TE.

Transcriptional profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in response to anti-biofilm and anti-infection agent exopolysaccharide EPS273

AIMS

Relatively, few anti-biofilm polysaccharides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were done to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Exopolysaccharide EPS273 can clearly reduce biofilm formation and infection of P. aeruginosa. This study aims to investigate its anti-biofilm and anti-infection mechanism on transcriptional level.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Herein, we used an RNA-Seq transcriptomic approach to investigate the underlying anti-biofilm and anti-infection mechanism of EPS273. The expression levels of a large number of genes were changed after P. aeruginosa PAO1 was treated with EPS273. Especially, the genes related to biofilm formation, such as gene involved in production of extracellular matrix and virulence factor, genes involved in flagella and cell motility and genes involved in iron acquisition. Notably, the expression levels of genes involved in regulatory and signal transduction were markedly downregulated, such as two-component system PhoP-PhoQ and quorum sensing (QS) system LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR. Furthermore, when genes phoP and phoQ were disrupted, respectively, the reduction of biofilm formation and cell motility in mutant △phoP or △phoQ was also detected.

CONCLUSION

EPS273 may exert its anti-biofilm and anti-infection function by downregulating gene expression of two-component system PhoP-PhoQ and QS systems LasI/LasR and RhlI/RhlR of P. aeruginosa, which further regulated expression of genes involved in biofilm formation.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

Our data will expand understanding of anti-biofilm mechanisms of polysaccharides on transcriptomic level.

Gender and age differences in the association between sleep characteristics and fasting glucose levels in Chinese adults

AIM

The present study examined the associations between night-time sleep duration, midday napping duration and bedtime, and fasting glucose levels, and whether or not such associations are dependent on gender and age.

METHODS

This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 172,901 adults aged≥40 years living in mainland China. Sleep duration was obtained by self-reports of bedtime at night, waking-up time the next morning and average napping duration at midday. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)≥7.0mmol/L was defined as hyperglycaemia. Independent associations between night-time sleep duration, midday naptime duration and bedtime with hyperglycaemia were evaluated using regression models.

RESULTS

Compared with night-time sleep durations of 6-7.9h, both short (<6h) and long (≥8h) night-time sleep durations were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia in women [odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.29 and OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.21, respectively], and revealed a U-shaped distribution of risk in women and no significant association in men. Long midday nap durations (≥1h) were significantly but weakly associated with hyperglycaemia (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09) compared with no napping without interactions from gender or age, whereas the association between bedtime and fasting glucose levels did vary according to gender and age.

CONCLUSION

Night-time sleep duration, midday napping duration and bedtime were all independently associated with the risk of hyperglycaemia, and some of the associations between these sleep characteristics and hyperglycaemia were gender- and age-dependent.

[Feasibility of the determination of plasma vardenafil level in rat by performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]

Objective: To develope and validate a reliable and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determination of vardenafil concentration in plasma of rat. Methods: Plasma samples of normal Sprague-Dawley rats were collected. A Phenomenex Synergi Polar-RP 80A column (2.0 mm×50 mm, 4 µm) was used. Column temperature was set at 30 ℃. Mobile phase A was 0.1% formic acid in water; mobile phase B was 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.4 ml/minutes. Quantitative determination was performed by electrospray ionization, operating in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Cisapride was used as the internal standard. The feasibility of the method was evaluated by examining its specificity, linearity and quantitative range, precision and accuracy, matrix effects, and stability. Results: Under the selected chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions, the monitoring ions of vardenafil and internal standard were mass-to-charge ratio（m/z) 489.3/151.2 and 466.4/234.2, the retention times of vardenafil and internal standard were 2.62 and 2.80 minutes, respectively, and the peak shape was satisfactory. The method has good linearity in the concentration range of 0.2-200 ng/ml. The intra-batch precision (%CV) and accuracy (%DEV) of vardenafil were 1.5%-9.7% and -6.8%-6.6%, respectively. The inter-batch precision and accuracy of vardenafil were 3.1% -8.4% and -3.7%-4.6%, respectively. In this sample processing method, the extraction recovery rate of vardenafil was obtained at range of 88.2%-104.6%, which met the requirements for the investigation of extraction recovery rate. In this sample processing method, the normalized matrix factor of each quality control concentration of vardenafil was 1.04, 0.85, and 1.04, and the coefficient of variation (%CV) was in the range of 1.7%-10.7%, which met the requirements for the investigation of matrix effects. Variations of short-term stability, long-term stability, and stability of 4 freeze-thaw cycles of vardenafil was within ±15%, and the coefficient of variation were within 5%. Conclusion: The high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method established in this study is feasible for the measurement of concentration of vardenafil in rat plasma and this method has good specificity and high accuracy, and can be used to detect the concentration of vardenafil in rat plasma.

CN-China: Revised runoff curve number by using rainfall-runoff events data in China

The curve number (CN) method developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1954 is the most common adopted method to estimate surface runoff. For years, applicability of the CN method is a conundrum when implementing to other countries. Specifically, countries with more complex natural environment may require more dedicated adjustments. Therefore, the current CN look-up table provided by USDA might not be appropriate and could be questionable to be applied directly to regions elsewhere. Some studies have been conducted to modify CN values according to specified natural characteristics in scattered regions of mainland China. However, an integral and representative work is still not available to address potential concerns in general matters. In this study, a large set of rainfall-runoff monitoring data were collected to adjust CN values in 55 study sites across China. The results showed that the revised CN values are largely different from CN look-up table provided by USDA, which would lead to huge errors in runoff estimation. In this study, the revised CN (dubbed CN-China) provides better reference guidelines that are suitable for most natural conditions in China. In addition, scientists and engineers from other parts of the world can take advantage of the proposed work to enhance the quality of future programs related to surface runoff estimation.

The reactive nitrogen loss and GHG emissions from a maize system after a long-term livestock manure incorporation in the North China Plain

The use of livestock manure as a substitution for synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers is recommended to improve the sustainable use of manure nutrients and alleviate the adverse impacts of synthetic N fertilizers on the environment. A thorough understanding of how such substitutions affect reactive N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cereal production systems in the North China Plain (a main livestock production region in China), is needed to achieve an environmental friendly and sustainable production. Based on a long-term field experiment, different manure/chemical fertilizer treatments were designed, i.e., non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers alone (NPK), and manure substitution for chemical N fertilizers (with equivalent N rate; NPKP, 50% N from pig manure; NPKC, 50% N from chicken manure). Crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), soil fertility, N losses, and GHG emissions were chosen as prominent indicators to evaluate the consequences of manure substitutions for N-based fertilizers. The replacement of synthetic fertilizers by livestock manure decreased NO₃-N leaching and NH₃ volatilization by 46.2% and 5.61-22.2%, respectively, while sustained the crop yields and improved NUE. However, both NPKP and NPKC treatments did not have any impact on N₂O and CO₂ mitigation. Compared with NPK, NPKC and NPKP meaningfully increased SOC by 9.56% and 19.6%, respectively. More specifically, NPKC increased TN content by 14.7% (P < 0.05) compared to NPK treatment. The results showed that 50% substitution of manure for synthetic N fertilizers is a potential option in maize production systems to decrease N losses (including NH₃, N₂O emissions and N leaching) by approximately 45% (42.8-48.1%). However, only 1.81% of the total farmers surveyed (i.e., 16,595) have being applied livestock manure for maize cultivation in the North China Plain. Therefore, famers in this plain should be encouraged to use manure to improve ecological aspects of cereal cultivation and decrease the associated environmental pollutions.

AB0491 ELEVATED COMPLEMENT 3 INDICATES DISEASE ACTIVITY IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS

Background:

The disease activity evaluation of Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a critical issue for disease monitoring and treatment. But the previous markers such as Kerr score or ITAS 2010 are not convenient enough.

Objectives:

We aim to explore novel biomarkers to assess TA disease activity.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was based on the East China TA (ECTA) cohort. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory and imaging results were collected. Complements and their combination with other biomarkers in identifying active disease (Kerr >= 2) group were analyzed. Internal and external validation were employed to confirm the accuracy and stability of the results.

Results:

519 patients were enrolled, among which 406 cases (72.2%) were identified as active disease. Higher ESR, CRP, platelet, globulin, IgG, IL-6, complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4) and median haemolytic complement (CH50) levels were observed in the active disease group. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that C3 levels [odds ratio [OR] (95%CI): 10.710(1.825 – 62.835), P = 0.009] and CRP [OR (95%CI): 1.041(1.009 – 1.073), P = 0.011] were independently associated with active disease. The cut-off of C3 to identify active TA was 1.085 g/L, with 69.9% sensitivity, 66.7% specificity. Combining the CRP (cut-off, 10.65g/L; sensitivity, 50.7%; specificity, 82.4%) and C3, the sensitivity and specificity to identify the active disease were 85.1% and 55.0% (parallel test), and 35.4% and 94.1% (serial test), respectively. C3 could significantly improve the diagnostic ability of CRP [net reclassification index: OR (95%CI): 1.728 (1.556–1.990), P = 0.000; integrated discrimination index: OR (95%CI): 0.328 (0.224–0.431), P = 0.000]. The accuracy of the 10-fold cross validation of combining CRP with C3 was over 75%, and the accuracy of the external validation with 53 TA cases was 72.73%.

Conclusion:

C3 could reflect the disease activity of TA, and combining CRP with C3 could significantly improve the disease activity evaluation in TA.

References:

[1]Ma J, Luo X, Wu Q, Chen Z, Kou L, Wang H. Circulation levels of acute phase proteins in patients with Takayasu arteritis. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51(3):700-6.

Acknowledgments:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 81771730 and 81601398].

Disclosure of Interests: :

None declared

FRI0012 THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF CURCUMIN ON INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATION IN TAKAYASU’S ARTERITIS CAUSED BY HSP65-MEDIATED CCL2 OVEREXPRESSION

Background:

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized with macrophages infiltration. During active stage, aorta adventitial fibroblasts (AAFs) proliferate excessively and produce numerous pro-inflammatory factors in the adventitia, which is the main target of TA therapy. Monocyte chemokine CCL2 may contribute to the infiltration of macrophages in TA arteries[1]but whether with relationship with HSP65, an antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) which might involve in the pathogenesis of TA[2]and activate AAFs to produce inflammatory factors, has not been reported. The treatment of TA is full of difficulties and contradictions[3]. Curcumin is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory effect[4], whether it is effective on TA and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Objectives:

To explore the mechanism of TA inflammation triggered by M. TB associated antigen HSP65 activating AAFs, as well as the therapeutic value of curcumin in the initiation and development of TA.

Methods:

We first verified high HSP65 expression in aortic adventitia of TA patients by IHC. mRNA-seq was used to profile DEGs between AAFs stimulated by HSP65 with or without pretreated with curcumin, and AAFs without any treatment. Then the key chemokine CCL2 screened by mRNA-seq was detected in the adventitia of TA aorta, and its correlation with HSP65 expression was analyzed by double-labelled IF. Subsequently, we explored how HSP65 affected the production of inflammatory factors by AAFs at cellular level and its related signal pathway. Simultaneously, we explored whether curcumin could hinder this process. and verified the effect of curcumin on serum CCL2 level in patients with TA. Finally, serum CCL2 and other inflammation indicators of TA patients at baseline and after 3 months treatment by curcumin were determined.

Results:

HSP65 was highly expressed in the adventitia of TA arteries. DEGs analysis showed a key role of CCL2. The expression of CCL2 in adventitia of TA arteries was significantly higher than healthy subjects, and was correlated with HSP65. HSP65 facilitated the production of CCL2, IL-6 and IL-1β by AAFs via activating TLR4-JAK2/AKT/STAT3 pathway, among which the change of CCL2 was the most remarkable. Curcumin reversed the upregulation of CCL2 induced by HSP65 in vitro, which was more obvious than that of MTX and tofacitinib. Finally, curcumin significantly downregulated the level of serum CCL2 of TA patients.

Conclusion:

HSP65 initiates and promotes inflammation of TA by upregulated CCL2 in AAFs through JAK/AKT/STAT3 pathway, while curcumin can reverse this process and slow down the initiation and development of TA.

References:

[1]L, A., J, H., A, M., G, G. & Z, A. Pathogenesis of Takayasu’s arteritis: a 2011 update.Autoimmunity reviews11, 61-67 (2011).

[2]Y, S., et al.Perforin-secreting killer cell infiltration and expression of a 65-kD heat-shock protein in aortic tissue of patients with Takayasu’s arteritis.The Journal of clinical investigation93, 750-758 (1994).

[3]L, B., G, Y. & C, P. Non-glucocorticoid drugs for the treatment of Takayasu’s arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity reviews 17, 683-693 (2018).

[4]T, E., et al.Curcumin--from molecule to biological function.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. In English)51, 5308-5332 (2012).

Figure A.

High expression of HSP65 and CCL2 in aortic adventitia of TA patients (n=8) than that of healthy controls (n=6).

Figure B.

HSP65 increased production of CCL2 in AAFs through TLR4/JAK2-STAT3 pathway.

Figure C.

Curcumin reversed inflammatory response initiated by HSP65 via inhibiting JAK2/AKT/STAT3 signal pathway in AAFs and significantly reduced serum CCL2 concentration of TA patients.

Acknowledgments:

We thank Ningli Li for her technical support in this study

Disclosure of Interests:

None declared

Plastic pollution in croplands threatens long-term food security

Plastic pollution is a global concern given its prevalence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have been conducted on the distribution and impact of plastic pollution in marine ecosystems, but little is known on terrestrial ecosystems. Plastic mulch has been widely used to increase crop yields worldwide, yet the impact of plastic residues in cropland soils to soil health and crop production in the long term remained unclear. In this paper, using a global meta-analysis, we found that the use of plastic mulch can indeed increase crop yields on average by 25%-42% in the immediate season due to the increase of soil temperature (+8%) and moisture (+17%). However, the unabated accumulation of film residues in the field negatively impacts its physicochemical properties linked to healthy soil and threatens food production in the long term. It has multiple negative impacts on plant growth including crop yield (at the mean rate of -3% for every additional 100 kg/ha of film residue), plant height (-2%) and root weight (-5%), and soil properties including soil water evaporation capacity (-2%), soil water infiltration rate (-8%), soil organic matter (-0.8%) and soil available phosphorus (-5%) based on meta-regression. Using a nationwide field survey of China, the largest user of plastic mulch worldwide, we found that plastic residue accumulation in cropland soils has reached 550,800 tonnes, with an estimated 6%-10% reduction in cotton yield in some polluted sites based on current level of plastic residue content. Immediate actions should be taken to ensure the recovery of plastic film mulch and limit further increase in film residue loading to maintain the sustainability of these croplands.

0797 Restless Legs Syndrome and Perceived Olfactory and Taste Dysfunction: A Community-Based Study

Introduction

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), an under-recognized sensorimotor condition worldwide, is thought to be a prodromal symptom of Parkinson’s disease as suggested by previous evidences. However, its association with prodromal chemosensory impairments, including olfactory or taste dysfunction, has remained largely unknown. Few studies of small sample sizes were conducted in predominantly Caucasian populations and results were inconsistent.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis including 90,337 Chinese adults free of neurodegenerative diseases in the Kailuan study in 2016. Presence of RLS was defined using revised RLS diagnostic criteria and further verified by Cambridge-Hopkins questionnaire for RLS. Perceived olfactory and taste dysfunction was collected via a questionnaire. The association between RLS and perceived olfactory and taste dysfunction was assessed using logistic regression model, adjusting for potential cofounders such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption sleep conditions and medical history.

Results

RLS was associated with high odds of having perceived olfactory and/or taste dysfunction (adjusted odds ratio =5.92; 95% confidence interval, 3.11, 11.3). The significant association persisted when using Cambridge-Hopkins questionnaire for RLS (adjusted odds ratio =5.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.37-13.0) or when excluding participants with major chronic diseases.

Conclusion

RLS was associated with increased odds of perceived olfactory and taste dysfunction.

Support

This research was supported by start-up grant from the College of Health and Human Development and the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, the Institute for CyberScience Seed Grant Program, Pennsylvania State University, and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (H2018209318).

0214 The Relationship Between Work Stress and Sleep Quality in Shift Working Nurses: The Intermediate Effect of Circadian Rhythm Amplitude and Stability

Introduction

Research suggests that work stress may be an important factor in poor sleep in shift working nurses. However, evidence is limited about the underlying mechanism. Circadian rhythm might be effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between work stress and sleep quality in shift working nurses and the mediation effect of circadian rhythm amplitude and stability respectively.

Methods

A total of 529 nurses working in shifts from seven hospitals were selected by convenient sampling in Shanghai, China. Participants were assessed with the Circadian Type Inventory (CTI), Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale (CNSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Amos24.0 software was applied to construct structural equation models with circadian rhythm amplitude (LV) and circadian rhythm stability (FR) as intermediate variables respectively.

Results

About 73.3% (388/529) of the nurses’ PSQI scores were above 5, indicating poor sleep quality. The correlations between work stress, circadian rhythm amplitude, circadian rhythm amplitude and sleep quality were all significant (all P&lt;0.01).Sleep quality total score was positively correlated with work stress(γ=0.348) and circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=0.330). Work stress was positively correlated with circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=0.297,P&lt;0.01). Sleep quality total score was negatively correlated circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=-0.204,P&lt;0.01);Work stress was negatively correlated with circadian rhythm amplitude (γ= -0.284,P&lt;0.01).Work stress showed significant indirect effects on sleep quality through the mediating effect of circadian rhythm amplitude (β=0.188,P&lt;0.01) and circadian rhythm amplitude (β= 0.082,P&lt;0.05).

Conclusion

It suggests that nurses working in shifts have poor sleep quality. Work stress and the amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm could affect sleep quality, and circadian rhythm amplitude and stability could mediate the relationship between work stress and sleep quality.

Support

The work was supported by Xinglin Young Talent Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(to Caiqin Wu) and The 12th Innovative activities of college students of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019SHUTCM094).

Using IL-2R/lymphocytes for predicting the clinical progression of patients with COVID-19

Effective laboratory markers for the estimation of disease severity and predicting the clinical progression of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is urgently needed. Laboratory tests, including blood routine, cytokine profiles and infection markers, were collected from 389 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The included patients were classified into mild (n = 168), severe (n = 169) and critical groups (n = 52). The leukocytes, neutrophils, infection biomarkers [such as C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and ferritin] and the concentrations of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] were significantly increased, while lymphocytes were significantly decreased with increased severity of illness. The amount of IL-2R was positively correlated with the other cytokines and negatively correlated with lymphocyte number. The ratio of IL-2R to lymphocytes was found to be remarkably increased in severe and critical patients. IL-2R/lymphocytes were superior compared with other markers for the identification of COVID-19 with critical illness, not only from mild but also from severe illness. Moreover, the cytokine profiles and IL-2R/lymphocytes were significantly decreased in recovered patients, but further increased in disease-deteriorated patients, which might be correlated with the outcome of COVID-19. Lymphopenia and increased levels of cytokines were closely associated with disease severity. The IL-2R/lymphocyte was a prominent biomarker for early identification of severe COVID-19 and predicting the clinical progression of the disease.

[Clinical experience of minimal invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting: a series of 244 cases]

Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG). Methods: From the first case in November 2015 to November 2019, a total of 244 cases of MICS-CABG were performed in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. There were 197 males and 47 females, aging (62.3±8.7)years (range: 36 to 88 years). The operations were performed via the 5(th) intercostal space of left thoracic lateral incision (length: 4 to 5 cm extended for 8 to 10 cm), and were performed under off-pump, with the help of the chest wall suspension device and cardiac fixator. The proximal anastomosis on ascending aorta and the distal anastomosis of left anterior descending branch, circumflex branch and right coronary system were completed according to procedure. In all 244 cases, the proportion of 2 grafts was 53.7% (131 cases), 3 grafts was 36.1% (88 cases), 4 grafts was 9.8% (24 cases) and 5 grafts was 0.4% (1 case). The average of grafts was 2.6±0.7 (range: 2 to 5). The proportion of hybrid was 14.3% (35 cases), sequential bypass procedure was 43.0% (105 cases) and multiple artery grafts was 25.4% (62 cases). The perioperative complications of the patients were collected, the patency rate of the grafts was evaluated by coronary angiography or CT within 7 days after the operation, and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were followed up. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the 1-year MACCE rate was calculated by survival analysis. Results: All cases had no transition to thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass procedure, and no cases needed intra aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the operation.There were 2 cases of poor incision healing, and reoperation was performed in 10 cases (6 cases of postoperative bleeding, 2 cases of incision debridement, and 2 cases of grafts problems). The rate of MACCE in 30 days was 2.6% (10 cases), which contained 3 cases of death (2 cases of grafts occlusion, 1 case of serious hemorrhage after thoracic puncture drainage), 3 cases of stroke and 5 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction. By the re-examination of angiography in 7 days after operation, the overall patency of the grafts was 96.1%, and the patency of the left anterior descending was 98.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for 235 patients (96.3%) with 1 to 36 months follow-up results, and the 1-year MACCE rate was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2% to 7.0%) . There was no significant difference among the incidences of MACCE at each stage of learning curve. Surgeon could reduce the operation time and complete more anastomosis with the accumulation of experience after the early 30 cases. Conclusions: MICS-CABG can safely achieve completed revascularization, which has good operative effects in short and medium-long term. There is no significant risk in the early cases of learning curve.

The dietary combination of essential oils and organic acids reduces Salmonella enteritidis in challenged chicks

This study was conducted to determine the effects of essential oils and organic acids (EOA) on Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) challenged chickens. One-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks (250) were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 50 birds in each group. The treatment groups were as follows: 1) basal diet, negative control group (NC); 2) basal diet + S. Enteritidis, positive control group (PC); 3) PC + 4,000 g/t of enrofloxacin (5%), antibiotic group (ENR); 4) PC + 800 g/t of EOA1, thymol-benzoic acid group (TBA); and 5) PC + 800 g/t of EOA2, cinnamylaldehyde-caproic acid group (CCA). At 7 D of age, each bird, except those in NC, was orally gavaged with 0.4 mL of a suspension of 4.4 × 10⁹ cfu S. Enteritidis/mL. Results revealed that ENR reduced bacterial counts in the liver and spleen on days 3, 5, and 7 post-challenge more (P < 0.05) than any other treatments. However, bacterial counts in cecal contents among ENR, TBA, and CCA were similar at 5 and 7 D post-challenge but lower than those of PC. Additionally, the bacterial counts in liver, spleen, and cecum contents in TBA were lower (P < 0.05) than in PC at 3, 5, and 7 D post-challenge; the bacterial counts in spleen contents in TBA were lower (P < 0.05) than in CCA at 7 D post-challenge. Tumor necrosis factor-α contents in TBA and CCA were lower (P < 0.05) than those in PC. Also, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum of CCA was higher (P < 0.05) than that of PC and ENR; however, there was no difference in the secretory IgA content of the jejunum among the groups. In conclusion, EOA had a bacteriostatic effect on S. Enteritidis, and the effect of the thymol-benzoic acid complex surpassed that of the cinnamaldehyde-caproic acid complex. Therefore, EOA may act as an effective antibiotic substitute for animals in the prevention and treatment of Salmonella.

Impact of human activities on phosphorus flows on an early eutrophic plateau: A case study in Southwest China

The net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) model has been used extensively to assess changes in phosphorus (P) inputs and cycling in the environment. However, temporary populations have generally been unconsidered in these assessments. In this study, the NAPI model was used to estimate P loads from the 16 towns and villages in the Erhai Lake Basin (ELB), Southwest China and to evaluate the potential impact from temporary residents (tourism). The results showed that the average value P inputs in the basin (estimated at 2384 kg P km^-2 year^-1) were 5 times the national average level, and that temporary residents contributed 1%. Agriculture accounted for most of the net P, with chemical fertilizers (55% of the inputs) as the main source, followed by food and animal feed. Only 9.54% of the P inputs to the basin were exported. River water quality and NAPI were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). Tourism industry contributes significantly to regional economic growth and prosperity, but its beneficial effects on the economy does not equate with the adverse impact on environment. This study illustrates what is happening in Southwest China and provides scientific evidence that shows we need to find novel ways to reduce nutrients.

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions through optimized irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in intensively managed wheat-maize production

In the wheat-maize rotation cultivation system in northern China, excessive irrigation and over-fertilization have depleted groundwater and increased nitrogen (N) losses. These problems can be addressed by optimized N fertilization and water-saving irrigation. We evaluated the effects of these practices on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), net profit, and soil carbon (C) sequestration. We conducted a field experiment with flood irrigation (FN0, 0 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1, FN600, 600 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) and drip fertigation treatments (DN0, 0 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1; DN420, 420 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1; DN600, 600 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) in 2015-2017. Compared with FN600, DN600 decreased direct GHGs (N₂O + CH₄) emissions by 21%, and increased the net GHG balance, GHG intensity, irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE), and soil organic C content (ΔSOC) by 13%, 12%, 88%, and 89.8%, respectively. Higher costs in DN600 (for electricity, labour, polyethylene) led to a 33.8% lower net profit than in FN600. Compared with FN600, DN420 reduced N and irrigation water by 30% and 46%, respectively, which increased partial factor productivity and IWUE (by 49% and 94%, respectively), but DN420 did not affect GHG mitigation or net profit. Because lower profit is the key factor limiting the technical extension of fertigation, financial subsidies should be made available for farmers to install fertigation technology.

Supplementing glycine, serine, and threonine in low protein diets for meat type chickens

Reducing dietary protein has been of interest to the global poultry industry to improve bird health, welfare, and industry sustainability. Low protein (LP) diets are typically glycine (Gly) deficient and produce poor performance. Supplementing the diet with Gly or precursors of Gly can overcome this deficiency. A feeding experiment was conducted with 330 Ross 308 off-sex males across 5 treatments in a randomized design using 11 birds per pen replicated 6 times. Grower and finisher treatments were fed from day 7 to 21 and day 21 to 35, respectively. The objective was to test the efficacy of supplementation with Gly and Gly equivalents (Glyequiv), serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr), in plant-based LP diets on bird performance against a standard protein (SP) diet containing meat and bone meal. Glycine, Ser, or Thr were supplemented on Glyequiv basis to an approximately 3% lower CP diet to achieve the same digestible Gly and Ser level as the SP diet. Nitrogen efficiency, serum uric acid, blood plasma amino acids (AA) and AA digestibility were also investigated to monitor potential metabolic effects. Birds fed the LP diet were only 3.3% lower in final body weight than the SP treatment (2,556 vs. 2,641 g) while the supplementation of Gly or Ser had no effect. Supplementation of Thr reduced final body weight by 9.5% (P < 0.05). Reducing CP increased N efficiency by 9.6% (P < 0.05) and decreased blood serum uric acid by 26.9% (P < 0.001) in the finisher treatments. Glycine and Ser supplementation in LP diets had no effect on these parameters. The LP diet reduced AA digestibility and blood plasma AA while the supplementation with either Gly, Ser, or Thr increased overall AA digestibility (P < 0.05) but had no overall effect on blood plasma AA. Further research is required into Gly metabolism; however, Thr supplementation depressed growth and therefore is not feasible to cover Gly deficiency in LP diets on a Glyequiv basis.

Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis

CD28H and B7-H5 have been identified as receptor-ligand pairs in the B7/CD28 family, and have co-stimulatory activity in immune cells. Here, we have systematically reviewed the research reports concerning the CD28H/B7-H5 pathway. It was found that CD28H is mainly expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells with naive and poorly differentiated properties, and repeated antigen stimulation leads to permanent loss of CD28H. In tumors, CD28H is mainly expressed in tissue-resident memory (T_RM ) lymphocyte T cells, which is associated with improved tumor prognosis. B7-H5 is a ligand for CD28H and is widely expressed in tumor cells. B7-H5 expression is closely related to the prognosis of the tumor. Studies have shown that high expression of B7-H5 in tumor is related to a worse prognosis for lung cancer, osteosarcoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), breast carcinoma, human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), but is associated with a better prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and glioma. Controversial views exist in studies on gastric cancer prognosis.

[Application of Chen's pancreaticojejunostomy technique in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (116 cases report)]

Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of longitudinal transpancreatic U-sutures invaginated pancreatojejunostomy (Chen's pancreaticojejunostomy technique) in laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). Methods: Clinical data of 116 consecutive patients who underwent LPD using Chen's pancreaticojejunostomy technique in Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from May 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 66 were males and 50 were females. The median age was 58 years old (32-84 yeas old). All 116 patients underwent pure laparoscopic whipple procedure with Child reconstruction method, using Chen's pancreaticojejunostomy technique. The intraoperative and postoperative data of patients were analyzed. Results: All 116 patients underwent LPD successfully. The mean operative time was (260.3±33.5) minutes (200-620 minutes). The mean time of pancreaticojejunostomy was (18.2±7.6) minutes (14-35 minutes). The mean time of hepaticojejunostomy was (14.6±6.3) minutes (10-25 minutes). The mean time of gastrojejunostomy was (12.0±5.5) minutes (8-20 minutes). The mean estimated blood loss was (106.0±87.6) ml (20-800 ml). Postoperative complications were: 11.2%(13/116) of cases had postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), including 10.3% (12/116) of biochemical fistula and 0.9%(1/116) of grade B POPF, no grade C POPF occurred; 10.3%(12/116) had gastrojejunal anastomotic bleeding; 3.4%(4/116) had hepaticojejunal anastomotic fistula; 3.4%(4/116) had delayed gastric emptying; 4.3% (5/116) had localized abdominal infection; 12.1%(14/116) had pulmonary infection; postoperative mortality were 0(0/116) and 1.7%(2/116) within 30 days and 90 days, respectively. One patient died of massive abdominal bleeding secondary to Gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm rupture, the other patient died of extensive tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Conclusions: Chen's pancreaticojejunostomy technique is safe and feasible for LPD.It is an option especially for surgeons who have not completed the learning curve of LPD.

Carbohydrate Metabolism Regulated by Antisense vicR RNA in Cariogenicity

Streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic pathogen that resides in multispecies oral microbial biofilms. The VicRK 2-component system is crucial for bacterial adaptation, virulence, and biofilm organization and contains a global and vital response regulator, VicR. Notably, we identified an antisense vicR RNA (AS vicR) associated with an adjacent RNase III–encoding ( rnc) gene that was relevant to microRNA-size small RNAs (msRNAs). Here, we report that ASvicR overexpression significantly impeded bacterial growth, biofilm exopolysaccharide synthesis, and cariogenicity in vivo. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the AS vicR RNA mainly regulated carbohydrate metabolism. In particular, overproducing AS vicR demonstrated a reduction in galactose and glucose metabolism by monosaccharide composition analysis. The results of high-performance gel permeation chromatography revealed that the water-insoluble glucans isolated from AS vicR presented much lower molecular weights. Furthermore, direct evidence showed that total RNAs were disrupted by rnc-encoded RNase III. With the coexpression of T4 RNA ligase, putative msRNA1657, which is an rnc-related messenger RNA, was verified to bind to the 5′-UTR regions of the vicR gene. Furthermore, AS vicR regulation revealed a sponge regulatory-mediated network for msRNA associated with adjacent RNase III–encoding genes. There was an increase in AS vicR transcript levels in clinical S. mutans strains from caries-free children, while the expression of AS vicR was decreased in early childhood caries patients; this outcome may be explored as a potential strategy contributing to the management of dental caries. Taken together, our findings suggest an important role of AS vicR-mediated sponge regulation in S. mutans, indicating the characterization of lactose metabolism by a vital response regulator in cariogenicity. These findings have a number of implications and have reshaped our understanding of bacterial gene regulation from its transcriptional conception to the key roles of regulatory RNAs.

Weyl-like points from band inversions of spin-polarised surface states in NbGeSb

Band inversions are key to stabilising a variety of novel electronic states in solids, from topological surface states to the formation of symmetry-protected three-dimensional Dirac and Weyl points and nodal-line semimetals. Here, we create a band inversion not of bulk states, but rather between manifolds of surface states. We realise this by aliovalent substitution of Nb for Zr and Sb for S in the ZrSiS family of nonsymmorphic semimetals. Using angle-resolved photoemission and density-functional theory, we show how two pairs of surface states, known from ZrSiS, are driven to intersect each other near the Fermi level in NbGeSb, and to develop pronounced spin splittings. We demonstrate how mirror symmetry leads to protected crossing points in the resulting spin-orbital entangled surface band structure, thereby stabilising surface state analogues of three-dimensional Weyl points. More generally, our observations suggest new opportunities for engineering topologically and symmetry-protected states via band inversions of surface states.

Prospective study of perceived dietary salt intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND

A high sodium intake is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, little is known regarding whether greater salt intake is a potential risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We thus prospectively investigated whether individuals with higher perceived dietary salt intake had a higher risk of developing NAFLD.

METHODS

The present study included 35 023 participants (22 629 men and 12 394 women) from the Kailuan study who were free of NAFLD at baseline (2006) and who did not drink alcohol at baseline and during follow-up (2006-2014; follow-rate 95.2%). NAFLD was defined as a participant who had been diagnosed with fatty liver at least twice by ultrasound tests conducted every 2 years during follow-up. Dietary salt intake was determined by a self-report question and was classified into three categories: low (<6 g day^-1 ), medium (6-9 g day^-1 ) or high (≥10 g day^-1 ). Cox proportional models were used to estimate the risk of NAFLD, adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking, income, occupation, marriage, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure, as well as serum concentrations of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride.

RESULTS

During 8 years of follow-up, we identified 5102 incident NAFLD cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio (95% conference interval) for NAFLD was 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) for medium salt intake and 1.19 (1.02,1.39) for high salt consumption (P trend = 0.03) relative to the low salt consumption group.

CONCLUSIONS

A perceived high salt intake was associated with a higher future risk of NAFLD.

Dietary hydrolysed yeast cell wall extract is comparable to antibiotics in the control of subclinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

1. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance and physiological responses of broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge.2. Six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (non-challenged or challenged plus no supplement, YCW or antibiotics (AB)) was used. Each treatment was replicated eight times with 12 birds per replicate. The treatments included: (1) Positive control (PC; no additive, not challenged); (2) Negative control (NC; no additive, with challenge); (3) YCWN = yeast cell wall (2.0 g/kg diet, not challenged; (4) YCWC = yeast cell wall (2.0 g/kg diet, challenged); (5) ABN = zinc bacitracin 50 ppm + Salinomycin 60 ppm, not challenged); (6) ABC = zinc bacitracin 50 ppm + Salinomycin 60 ppm, challenged).3. Eimeria challenge at 9 d of age did not affect feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), FCR or liveability at 10 d. The BWG and FCR at 10 d were greater (P < 0.05) in birds fed YCW or AB (AB) diets relative to the PC or NC groups. On 24 and 35 d, FI, BWG, FCR and flock uniformity (28 d) were greater (P < 0.05) in the challenged groups fed YCW or AB diets compared to NC group.4. Supplementation with YCW ameliorated the negative effects of NE on liver, spleen and bursa weight of birds.5. Necrotic enteritis challenge decreased (P < 0.05) caecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. counts, and increased ileum lesion score and caecal Clostridium perfirngens counts. This was reversed by the addition of either YCW or AB.6. Supplementation with YCW and AB resulted to a greater (P < 0.05) dressing percentage and meat yield (35 d).7. The results indicated that YCW plays a vital role in improving the physiological response and performance of broiler chickens under subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge.

Metabolic syndrome and renal cell cancer risk in Chinese males: a population-based prospective study

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now a common public health problem. Few researches have reported the relationship between MetS and the risk of renal cell cancer (RCC). To investigate the association of metabolic syndrome and its components with the risk of RCC in Chinese males, the study was performed in the Kailuan male cohort, a large prospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 104,333 eligible males enrolled in the every 2-year health checkup were involved in the Kailuan male cohort study (2006-2015). Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, medical history and laboratory tests at baseline entry was obtained. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between MetS and the RCC risk.

Results

During a median follow-up of 8.9 years, 131 RCC cases were verified over a total of 824,211.96 person-years. Among the 5 single MetS components, hypertension (Systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥130/85 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug treatment of previously hypertension) (HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.48-3.72) and elevated triglyceride (TG) (≥1.7mmol/L) (HR = 1.78, 95%CI:1.23-2.56) showed significant risk for RCC. Multivariate analysis showed that compared to those who did not meet MetS diagnostic criteria (number of abnormal MetS components&lt;3), HR of RCC risk for participants with MetS was 1.95 (95% CI 1.35-2.83). The number of abnormal MetS components was linearly associated with an increased risk of RCC (P trend&lt;0.001), and the HRs of RCC risk for males with 1, 2 and ≥3 MetS components were 1.27 (0.56-2.90), 2.42 (1.12-5.20) and 3.32 (1.56-7.07), respectively, compared with subjects without MetS components.

Conclusions

MetS was inversely associated with of RCC risk in males.

Key messages

MetS might be one of the scientific and important predictors of RCC. Controlling metabolic syndrome may potentially have key scientific and clinical significance for RCC prevention.