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Wood AT, Everett D, Kumar S, Mishra MK, Thomas V. Fiber length and concentration: Synergistic effect on mechanical and cellular response in wet-laid poly(lactic acid) fibrous scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:332-341. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Thomas V, Blooi M, Van Rooij P, Van Praet S, Verbrugghe E, Grasselli E, Lukac M, Smith S, Pasmans F, Martel A. Recommendations on diagnostic tools for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:e478-e488. [PMID: 29341499 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) poses a major threat to amphibian, and more specifically caudata, diversity. Bsal is currently spreading through Europe, and mitigation measures aimed at stopping its spread and preventing its introduction into naïve environments are urgently needed. Screening for presence of Bsal and diagnosis of Bsal-induced disease in amphibians are essential core components of effective mitigation plans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present an overview of all Bsal diagnostic tools together with their limitations and to suggest guidelines to allow uniform interpretation. Here, we investigate the use of different diagnostic tools in post-mortem detection of Bsal and whether competition between Bd and Bsal occurs in the species-specific Bd and Bsal duplex real-time PCR. We also investigate the diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and reproducibility of the Bsal real-time PCR and show the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of Bsal-induced chytridiomycosis in amphibian samples stored in formaldehyde. Additionally, we have drawn up guidelines for the use and interpretation of the different diagnostic tools for Bsal currently available, to facilitate standardization of execution and interpretation.
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Budhwani KI, Oliver PG, Buchsbaum DJ, Thomas V. Novel Biomimetic Microphysiological Systems for Tissue Regeneration and Disease Modeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1077:87-113. [PMID: 30357685 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials engineered to closely mimic morphology, architecture, and nanofeatures of naturally occurring in vivo extracellular matrices (ECM) have gained much interest in regenerative medicine and in vitro biomimetic platforms. Similarly, microphysiological systems (MPS), such as lab-chip, have drummed up momentum for recapitulating precise biomechanical conditions to model the in vivo microtissue environment. However, porosity of in vivo scaffolds regulating barrier and interface functions is generally absent in lab-chip systems, or otherwise introduces considerable cost, complexity, and an unrealistic uniformity in pore geometry. We address this by integrating electrospun nanofibrous porous scaffolds in MPS to develop the lab-on-a-brane (LOB) MPS for more effectively modeling transport, air-liquid interface, and tumor progression and for personalized medicine applications.
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Bloem C, Gomes D, Kendall S, Kaufman B, Thomas V, Aluisio A. 196EMF Evaluation of the Utilization and Impact of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Acute Obstetrical Care in the North East Region of Haiti. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim H, Mousa M, Schexnailder P, Hergenrother R, Bolding M, Ntsikoussalabongui B, Thomas V, Morgan DE. Portable perfusion phantom for quantitative DCE-MRI of the abdomen. Med Phys 2017; 44:5198-5209. [PMID: 28692137 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop a portable perfusion phantom and validate its utility in quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen. METHODS A portable perfusion phantom yielding a reproducible contrast enhancement curve (CEC) was developed. A phantom package including perfusion and static phantoms were imaged simultaneously with each of three healthy human volunteers in two different 3T MR scanners. Look-up tables correlating reference (known) contrast concentrations with measured ones were created using either the static or perfusion phantom. Contrast maps of image slices showing four organs (liver, spleen, pancreas, and paravertebral muscle) were generated before and after data correction using the look-up tables. The contrast concentrations at 4.5 min after dosing in each of the four organs were averaged for each volunteer. The mean contrast concentrations (4 organs × 3 volunteers = 12) were compared for the two scanners, and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Also, the ICC of the mean Ktrans values between the two scanners was calculated before and after data correction. RESULTS The repeatability coefficient of CECs of perfusion phantom was higher than 0.997 in all measurements. The ICC of the tissue contrast concentrations between the two scanners was 0.693 before correction, but increased to 0.974 after correction using the look-up tables (LUTs) of perfusion phantom. However, the ICC was not increased after correction using static phantom (ICC: 0.617). Similarly, the ICC of the Ktrans values was 0.899 before correction, but increased to 0.996 after correction using perfusion phantom LUTs. The ICC of the Ktrans values, however, was not increased when static phantom LUTs were used (ICC: 0.866). CONCLUSIONS The perfusion phantom reduced variability in quantitating contrast concentration and Ktrans values of human abdominal tissues across different MR units, but static phantom did not. The perfusion phantom has the potential to facilitate multi-institutional clinical trials employing quantitative DCE-MRI to evaluate various abdominal malignancies.
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Staniszewska S, Brett J, Simera I, Seers K, Mockford C, Goodlad S, Altman DG, Moher D, Barber R, Denegri S, Entwistle A, Littlejohns P, Morris C, Suleman R, Thomas V, Tysall C. GRIPP2 reporting checklists: tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2017; 3:13. [PMID: 29062538 PMCID: PMC5611595 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-017-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the patient and public involvement (PPI) evidence base has expanded over the past decade, the quality of reporting within papers is often inconsistent, limiting our understanding of how it works, in what context, for whom, and why. OBJECTIVE To develop international consensus on the key items to report to enhance the quality, transparency, and consistency of the PPI evidence base. To collaboratively involve patients as research partners at all stages in the development of GRIPP2. METHODS The EQUATOR method for developing reporting guidelines was used. The original GRIPP (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public) checklist was revised, based on updated systematic review evidence. A three round Delphi survey was used to develop consensus on items to be included in the guideline. A subsequent face-to-face meeting produced agreement on items not reaching consensus during the Delphi process. RESULTS One hundred forty-three participants agreed to participate in round one, with an 86% (123/143) response for round two and a 78% (112/143) response for round three. The Delphi survey identified the need for long form (LF) and short form (SF) versions. GRIPP2-LF includes 34 items on aims, definitions, concepts and theory, methods, stages and nature of involvement, context, capture or measurement of impact, outcomes, economic assessment, and reflections and is suitable for studies where the main focus is PPI. GRIPP2-SF includes five items on aims, methods, results, outcomes, and critical perspective and is suitable for studies where PPI is a secondary focus. CONCLUSIONS GRIPP2-LF and GRIPP2-SF represent the first international evidence based, consensus informed guidance for reporting patient and public involvement in research. Both versions of GRIPP2 aim to improve the quality, transparency, and consistency of the international PPI evidence base, to ensure PPI practice is based on the best evidence. In order to encourage its wide dissemination this article is freely accessible on The BMJ and Research Involvement and Engagement journal websites.
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Staniszewska S, Brett J, Simera I, Seers K, Mockford C, Goodlad S, Altman DG, Moher D, Barber R, Denegri S, Entwistle A, Littlejohns P, Morris C, Suleman R, Thomas V, Tysall C. GRIPP2 reporting checklists: tools to improve reporting of patient and public involvement in research. BMJ 2017; 358:j3453. [PMID: 28768629 PMCID: PMC5539518 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background While the patient and public involvement (PPI) evidence base has expanded over the past decade, the quality of reporting within papers is often inconsistent, limiting our understanding of how it works, in what context, for whom, and why.Objective To develop international consensus on the key items to report to enhance the quality, transparency, and consistency of the PPI evidence base. To collaboratively involve patients as research partners at all stages in the development of GRIPP2.Methods The EQUATOR method for developing reporting guidelines was used. The original GRIPP (Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public) checklist was revised, based on updated systematic review evidence. A three round Delphi survey was used to develop consensus on items to be included in the guideline. A subsequent face-to-face meeting produced agreement on items not reaching consensus during the Delphi process.Results 143 participants agreed to participate in round one, with an 86% (123/143) response for round two and a 78% (112/143) response for round three. The Delphi survey identified the need for long form (LF) and short form (SF) versions. GRIPP2-LF includes 34 items on aims, definitions, concepts and theory, methods, stages and nature of involvement, context, capture or measurement of impact, outcomes, economic assessment, and reflections and is suitable for studies where the main focus is PPI. GRIPP2-SF includes five items on aims, methods, results, outcomes, and critical perspective and is suitable for studies where PPI is a secondary focus.Conclusions GRIPP2-LF and GRIPP2-SF represent the first international evidence based, consensus informed guidance for reporting patient and public involvement in research. Both versions of GRIPP2 aim to improve the quality, transparency, and consistency of the international PPI evidence base, to ensure PPI practice is based on the best evidence. In order to encourage its wide dissemination this article is freely accessible on The BMJ and Research Involvement and Engagement journal websites.
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Chenicheri S, R U, Ramachandran R, Thomas V, Wood A. Insight into Oral Biofilm: Primary, Secondary and Residual Caries and Phyto-Challenged Solutions. Open Dent J 2017; 11:312-333. [PMID: 28839480 PMCID: PMC5543615 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is known to be one of the most widespread, chronic infections affecting all ages and populations worldwide. The plethora of oral microbial population paves way for various endogenous infections and plays a crucial role in polymicrobial interactions contributing to biofilm-mediated diseases like caries and periodontal diseases. METHODS Extensive literature survey was conducted using the scientific databases like PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, etc. using the key words like dental caries, orodental infections, dental microbes, dental biofilm, secondary caries, phytotherapy, etc. The literature was analyzed thoroughly and critical review was performed. RESULTS The risk of development of secondary caries and residual caries further results in treatment failure. Drug resistance developed by oral microbes and further side effects pose serious hurdles in the current therapeutic strategies. The hyperactivities of various MMPs and the resulting massive ECM degradation are the challenging part in the design of effective therapeutic approaches. Anticariogenic phytotherapy is well appreciated owing to lesser side effects and versatility of their action. But appreciable outcomes regarding the phytochemical bioavailability and bioretention are still challenging. Site-specific delivery of phytoagents at the infected site may enhance the efficiency of these drugs. Accordingly emerging phytodentistry can be promising for the management of secondary and residual caries. CONCLUSION This article presents major cariogens and their mechanisms in initiating and aggravating dental caries. Effectiveness of phytotherapy and different mode of action of phytochemicals against cariogens are outlined. The article also raises major concerns and possibilities of phytochemical based therapeutics to be applied in the clinical arena of caries management.
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Kumar S, Stokes JA, Dean D, Rogers C, Nyairo E, Thomas V, Mishra MK. Biphasic organo-bioceramic fibrous composite as a biomimetic extracellular matrix for bone tissue regeneration. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2017; 9:192-203. [PMID: 28199184 DOI: 10.2741/e795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the organo-ceramic composite, electrospun polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) scaffold has the potential to support cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and homeostasis. Here, we report the effect of PCL/HA scaffold in tissue regeneration using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We characterized the scaffold by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and assessed its biocompatibility. PCL/HA composite is superior as a scaffold compared to PCL alone. Furthermore, increasing HA content (5-10%) was more efficacious in supporting cell-scaffold attachment, expression of ECM molecules and proliferation. These results suggest that PCL/HA is useful as a scaffold for tissue regeneration.
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Thomas V, Sofin RGS, Allen M, Thomas H, Biju PR, Jose G, Unnikrishnan NV. Optical analysis of samarium doped sodium bismuth silicate glass. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:144-148. [PMID: 27504818 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Samarium doped sodium bismuth silicate glass was synthesized using the melt quenching method. Detailed optical spectroscopic studies of the glassy material were carried out in the UV-Vis-NIR spectral range. Using the optical absorption spectra Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters are derived. The calculated values of the JO parameters are utilized in evaluating the various radiative parameters such as electric dipole line strengths (Sed), radiative transition probabilities (Arad), radiative lifetimes (τrad), fluorescence branching ratios (β) and the integrated absorption cross- sections (σa) for stimulated emission from various excited states of Sm3+‡ ion. The principal fluorescence transitions are identified by recording the fluorescence spectrum. Our analysis revealed that the novel glassy system has the optimum values for the key parameters viz. spectroscopic quality factor, optical gain, stimulated emission cross section and quantum efficiency, which are required for a high performance optical amplifier. Calculated chromaticity co-ordinates (0.61, 0.38) also confirm its application potential in display devices.
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Tabner A, Johnson G, Jones M, Patel R, Husk K, Parish R, Rees J, Henstridge V, Clark I, Thomas V, Hearnshaw C. PAEDIATRICIANS: ARE THEY JUST LITTLE ADULTS? Arch Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-206402.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rejeena I, Thomas V, Mathew S, Lillibai B, Nampoori VPN, Radhakrishnan P. Spectral and Lensing Characteristics of Gel-Derived Strontium Tartrate Single Crystals Using Dual-Beam Thermal Lens Technique. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1549-54. [PMID: 27465706 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dual Beam mode-matched thermal lens spectrometry is a sensible technique for direct measurements of the thermal properties of tartrate crystalline materials. Here we report the measurement of thermal diffusivity of Strontium Tartrate single crystals incorporated with Rhodamine 6G using the thermal lens experiment. The respective crystals were prepared by solution-gel method at room temperature. The absorption characteristics of three different Strontium Tartrate crystals viz. pure, electric field applied and magnetic field applied were also carried out.
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Mol B, Joy LK, Thomas H, Thomas V, Joseph C, Narayanan TN, Al-Harthi S, Unnikrishnan NV, Anantharaman MR. Evidence for enhanced optical properties through plasmon resonance energy transfer in silver silica nanocomposites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:085701. [PMID: 26808999 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/8/085701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were dispersed in the pores of monolithic mesoporous silica prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Structural and microstructural analyses were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to determine the chemical states of silver in the silica matrix. Optical absorption studies show the evolution absorption band around 300 nm for silver (Ag) in a silica matrix and it was found to be redshifted to 422 nm on annealing. Photoluminescence studies indicate the presence of various luminescent emitting centers corresponding to silver ions and silver dimers in the SiO2 matrix. The enhancement of absorption and photoluminescence properties is attributed to plasmon resonance energy transfer from Ag nanoparticles to luminescent species in the matrix.
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Yadav S, Ladkany R, Fulbright J, Dreyfuss H, Reeves A, Campian S, Thomas V, Zakalik D. Abstract P2-09-06: Multi-gene panel testing for hereditary cancer risk. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-09-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Multi-gene panels are widely available for assessing hereditary cancer risk in high risk individuals. Due to the use of these panels, many genetic mutations other than BRCA 1 or 2 can be detected which can potentially affect management. This study presents the results of multi-gene panel testing performed at Beaumont Health System.
Methods:All patients who underwent multi-gene panel testing at Beaumont Health System between November 1, 2012 and January 15, 2015 were included in this study. This cohort consisted of patients who met criteria for genetic testing due to personal or family history. All patients received comprehensive pre and post-test genetic counseling. The panels ranged from 5 to 43 genes associated with risk for breast and other cancers.
Results: 653 multi-gene panel tests were performed. The majority of these consisted of either a 5 gene high risk breast panel (25%), an 18 gene moderate to high risk breast panel (21%), or a 9 gene high risk breast and gynecologic panel (17%). 184 variants of undetermined significance (VUS) were identified with a pooled VUS rate of 28%. Among the commonly used panels, there was a positive correlation between VUS rate and the number of genes included in the panel (r = 0.86, p = 0.01, Range 6% to 70%). A pathogenic mutation was identified in one or more genes in 65 (10%) panels for a total of 67 mutations. Of these, 17 mutations were in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Fifty non-BRCA deleterious mutations were identified with the following frequencies: CHEK2(12), MUTYH(7 monoallelic, 1 biallelic), TP53(4), PTEN(4), ATM(4), MSH6(3), PALB2(3), MSH2(2), CDH1(2), APC(2), NF1(2), BARD1(2), MLH1(1) and PMS2(1). Of these non-BRCA mutations, 41(82%) had a significant impact on management.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that multi-gene panel testing identifies several genes that can impact management and would likely not have been discovered by pedigree analysis alone. However, this added detection is associated with a higher VUS rate, especially using larger panels. Further research is needed to better define the role of multi-gene panel testing in high risk patients, with a focus on choosing appropriate genes, understanding the magnitude of cancer risk and delineating impact on management.
Citation Format: Yadav S, Ladkany R, Fulbright J, Dreyfuss H, Reeves A, Campian S, Thomas V, Zakalik D. Multi-gene panel testing for hereditary cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-06.
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Smith P, Endris R, Kronvall G, Thomas V, Verner-Jeffreys D, Wilhelm C, Dalsgaard I. Epidemiological cut-off values for Flavobacterium psychrophilum MIC data generated by a standard test protocol. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:143-154. [PMID: 25546427 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological cut-off values were developed for application to antibiotic susceptibility data for Flavobacterium psychrophilum generated by standard CLSI test protocols. The MIC values for ten antibiotic agents against Flavobacterium psychrophilum were determined in two laboratories. For five antibiotics, the data sets were of sufficient quality and quantity to allow the setting of valid epidemiological cut-off values. For these agents, the cut-off values, calculated by the application of the statistically based normalized resistance interpretation method, were ≤16 mg L(-1) for erythromycin, ≤2 mg L(-1) for florfenicol, ≤0.025 mg L(-1) for oxolinic acid (OXO), ≤0.125 mg L(-1) for oxytetracycline and ≤20 (1/19) mg L(-1) for trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. For ampicillin and amoxicillin, the majority of putative wild-type observations were 'off scale', and therefore, statistically valid cut-off values could not be calculated. For ormetoprim/sulphadimethoxine, the data were excessively diverse and a valid cut-off could not be determined. For flumequine, the putative wild-type data were extremely skewed, and for enrofloxacin, there was inadequate separation in the MIC values for putative wild-type and non-wild-type strains. It is argued that the adoption of OXO as a class representative for the quinolone group would be a valid method of determining susceptibilities to these agents.
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Chrystyn H, Dekhuijzen R, Rand C, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Roche N, Lavorini F, Thomas V, Steele J, Raju P, Freeman D, Small I, Canvin J, Price D. P154 Evaluation of Inhaler Technique Mastery for Budesonide Formoterol Spiromax® Compared with Symbicort Turbohaler® in Adult Patients with Asthma: Primary Results From the Easy Low Instruction Over Time [ELIOT] Study: Abstract P154 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Skinner D, Lipworth B, Devereux G, Thomas V, Ling J, Martin J, Carter V, Price D. P24 Underuse of beta-blockers in patients with heart failure and COPD. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jones R, Martin J, Thomas V, Skinner D, Marshall J, Price D. P130 Effectiveness and safety of initiating treatment with fluticasone/salmeterol via MDI versus DPI in COPD: Abstract P130 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bottino MC, Thomas V. Membranes for Periodontal Regeneration--A Materials Perspective. FRONTIERS OF ORAL BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26201279 DOI: 10.1159/000381699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting nearly 50% of adults in the United States. If left untreated, it can lead to the destruction of both soft and mineralized tissues that constitute the periodontium. Clinical management, including but not limited to flap debridement and/or curettage, as well as regenerative-based strategies with periodontal membranes associated or not with grafting materials, has been used with distinct levels of success. Unquestionably, no single implantable biomaterial can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of multiple tissue types, especially in very large periodontal defects. With the global aging population, it is extremely important to find novel biomaterials, particularly bioactive membranes and/or scaffolds, for guided tissue (GTR) and bone regeneration (GBR) to aid in the reestablishment of the health and function of distinct periodontal tissues. This chapter offers an update on the evolution of biomaterials (i.e. membranes and bioactive scaffolds) as well as material-based strategies applied in periodontal regeneration. The authors start by providing a brief summary of the histological characteristics and functions of the periodontium and its main pathological condition, namely periodontitis. Next, a review of commercially available GTR/GBR membranes is given, followed by a critical appraisal of the most recent advances in the development of bioactive materials that enhance the chance for clinical success of periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Thomas V, Nozik D, Patel H, Singh RK, Vohra YK. Biohybrid Fibro-Porous Vascular Scaffolds: Effect of Crosslinking on Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1718. [PMID: 26082566 DOI: 10.1557/opl.2015.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tubular grafts were fabricated from blends of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(glycolide -co-caprolactone) (PGC) polymers and coated with an extracellular matrix containing collagens, laminin, and proteoglycans, but not growth factors (HuBiogel™). Multifunctional scaffolds from polymer blends and membrane proteins provide the necessary biomechanics and biological functions for tissue regeneration. Two crosslinking agents, a natural crosslinker namely genipin (Gp) and a carbodiimide reagent namely 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), were used for further stabilizing the protein matrix and the effect of crosslinking was evaluated for structural, morphological, mechanical properties using SEM, DSC and DMA. SEM images and fiber diameter distribution showed fiber-size between 0.2 µm to 1 µm with the majority of fiber diameters being under 500 nm, indicating upper range of protein fiber-sizes (for example, collagen fibers in extracellular matrix are in 50 to 500 nm diameter range). HB coating did not affect the mechanical properties, but increased its hydrophilicity of the graft. Overall data showed that PCL/PGC blends with 3:1 mass ratio exhibited mechanical properties comparable to those of human native arteries (tensile strength of 1-2 MPa and Young's modulus of <10 MPa). Additionally, the effect of crosslinking on coating stability was investigated to assure the retention of proteins on scaffold for effective cell-matrix interactions.
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Rowe MJ, Kamocki K, Pankajakshan D, Li D, Bruzzaniti A, Thomas V, Blanchard SB, Bottino MC. Dimensionally stable and bioactive membrane for guided bone regeneration: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:594-605. [PMID: 25953329 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Composite fibrous electrospun membranes based on poly(dl-lactide) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were engineered to include borate bioactive glass (BBG) for the potential purposes of guided bone regeneration (GBR). The fibers were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, which respectively confirmed the submicron fibrous arrangement of the membranes and the successful incorporation of BBG particles. Selected mechanical properties of the membranes were evaluated using the suture pullout test. The addition of BBG at 10 wt % led to similar stiffness, but more importantly, it led to a significantly stronger (2.37 ± 0.51 N mm) membrane when compared with the commercially available Epiguide® (1.06 ± 0.24 N mm) under hydrated conditions. Stability (shrinkage) was determined after incubation in a phosphate buffer solution from 24 h up to 9 days. The dimensional stability of the PLA:PCL-based membranes with or without BBG incorporation (10.07-16.08%) was similar to that of Epiguide (14.28%). Cell proliferation assays demonstrated a higher rate of preosteoblasts proliferation on BBG-containing membranes (6.4-fold) over BBG-free membranes (4- to 5.8-fold) and EpiGuide (4.5-fold), following 7 days of in vitro culture. Collectively, our results demonstrated the ability to synthesize, via electrospinning, stable, polymer-based submicron fibrous BBG-containing membranes capable of sustaining osteoblastic attachment and proliferation-a promising attribute in GBR.
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Patel HN, Thai KN, Chowdhury S, Singh R, Vohra YK, Thomas V. In vitro degradation and cell attachment studies of a new electrospun polymeric tubular graft. Prog Biomater 2015; 4:67-76. [PMID: 26566465 PMCID: PMC4636519 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning technique was utilized to engineer a small-diameter (id = 4 mm) tubular graft. The tubular graft was made from biocompatible and biodegradable polymers polycaprolactone (PCL) and poliglecaprone with 3:1 (PCL:PGC) ratio. Enzymatic degradation effect on the mechanical properties and fiber morphology in the presence of lipase enzyme were observed. Significant changes in tensile strength (1.86-1.49 MPa) and strain (245-205 %) were noticed after 1 month in vitro degradation. The fiber breakage was clearly evident through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 4 weeks in vitro degradation. Then, the graft was coated with a collagenous protein matrix to impart bioactivity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and aortic artery smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) attachment on the coated graft were observed in static condition. Further, HUVECs were seeded on the lumen surface of the grafts and exposed to laminar shear stress for 12 h to understand the cell attachment. The coated graft was aged in PBS solution (pH 7.3) at 37 °C for 1 month to understand the coating stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested the erosion of the protein matrix from the coated graft under in vitro condition.
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Ferguson A, Ibrahim FA, Thomas V, Weinman J, Simpson C, Cope AP, Scott DL, Lempp H. Improving medication adherence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a pilot study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2015; 20:781-9. [PMID: 25774559 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2015.1009917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this exploratory pilot study was to adapt a psychological intervention to improve adherence to medication for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The approach draws on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) techniques, including motivational interviewing . The current study aimed to (i) adapt the intervention for patients with RA, (ii) assess its effectiveness in improving adherence to medication and (iii) evaluate patients' experience of the intervention. Participants were randomly allocated to either the 'intervention group' (N = 10), receiving up to six weekly sessions of 'Compliance Therapy', or to the 'wait-list control' group (N = 8), who received standard care. Data was collected pre intervention (baseline), post intervention and at six weeks post intervention (follow-up). Eighteen female participants with a mean age of 48.78 years (SD 15.12) took part in the study. Comparisons across the two time points for each group found that only those in the 'intervention' group demonstrated significant improvement in mean scores on adherence measures. Between-group comparisons were not significant. The pilot study suggests that an intervention based on CBT may improve adherence in patients with RA, but further research is required.
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Thomas J, George AV, Mathew TJ, Thomas V. Fluorescence Studies of Dy3+ Ions in Silica Sol Gel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2015.17421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Patel HN, Garcia R, Schindler C, Dean D, Pogwizd SM, Singh R, Vohra YK, Thomas V. Fibro-porous poliglecaprone/polycaprolactone conduits: synergistic effect of composition and in vitro degradation on mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2014; 64:547-555. [PMID: 25914444 DOI: 10.1002/pi.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blends of poliglecaprone (PGC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) of varying compositions were electrospun into tubular conduits and their mechanical, morphological, thermal and in vitro degradation properties were evaluated under simulated physiological conditions. Generally, mechanical strength, modulus and hydrophilic nature were enhanced by the addition of PGC to PCL. An in vitro degradation study in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.3) was carried out for up to 1 month to understand the hydrolytic degradation effect on the mechanical properties in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions. Pure PCL and 4:1 PCL/PGC blend scaffolds exhibited considerable elastic stiffening after a 1 month in vitro degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and DSC techniques were used to understand the degradation behavior and the changes in structure and crystallinity of the polymeric blends. A 3:1 PCL/PGC blend was concluded to be a judicious blend composition for tubular grafts based on overall results on the mechanical properties and performance after a 1 month in vitro degradation study.
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