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Da H, Yang R, Liang J, Wang J, Yang W, Dunk MM, Qi X, Xu W. Association of a low-inflammatory diet with survival among adults: The role of cardiometabolic diseases and lifestyle. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:943-950. [PMID: 38422952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence on the association between dietary inflammation and longevity is limited. We aimed to examine the association of a low-inflammatory diet with mortality and longevity, and to explore whether cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and lifestyle factors may play a role in this association. METHODS Within the UK Biobank, 188,443 participants aged 39-72 years (mean 56.07) were followed for up to 16 years to detect survival status from the death registry. At baseline, dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h dietary record. An inflammatory diet index (IDI) was calculated as weighted sum of 31 food groups (including 14 anti-inflammatory and 17 pro-inflammatory) based on plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, and tertiled as low, moderate, and high IDI scores. Baseline lifestyle beyond diet was assessed by summing the number of healthy lifestyle factors (i.e., never smoking, regular physical activity, and normal BMI) and categorized as unfavorable (≤1) and favorable (≥2). Presence of CMDs was defined as having any one of type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke. Data were analyzed using Cox regression, Laplace regression, and generalized structural equation modelling. RESULTS During the follow-up (median 9.79 years, interquartile range: 9.68-10.57 years), 9178 (4.9%) participants died. In multi-adjusted Cox regression models, a low-inflammatory diet (i.e. low IDI score) was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78 to 0.86]. Laplace regression analysis showed that the multi-adjusted 10th percentile difference (10th PD, 95% CI) of death time was delayed by 0.80 (0.55, 1.06; P < 0.001) years for participants with a low IDI score compared to those with a high IDI score. In mediation analysis, 21.48% of the association between IDI and mortality was mediated by CMDs. In joint effect analysis, participants with a low IDI score and favorable lifestyle had a 42% lower risk of death (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.62) compared to those with a high IDI score and unfavorable lifestyle. There was a significant additive interaction between low IDI score and favorable lifestyle on decreased mortality. CONCLUSIONS A low-inflammatory diet is associated with a lower risk of death and could prolong survival time. CMDs may partially mediate the IDI-mortality association. A favorable lifestyle beyond diet may augment the positive effect of a low-inflammatory diet on longevity.
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Morgan AE, Mc Auley MT. Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102278. [PMID: 38513772 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. VaD is synonymous with ageing, and its symptoms place a significant burden on the health and wellbeing of older people. Despite the identification of a substantial number of risk factors for VaD, the pathological mechanisms underpinning this disease remain to be fully elucidated. Consequently, a biogerontological imperative exists to highlight the modifiable lifestyle factors which can mitigate against the risk of developing VaD. This review will critically examine some of the factors which have been revealed to modulate VaD risk. The survey commences by providing an overview of the putative mechanisms which are associated with the pathobiology of VaD. Next, the factors which influence the risk of developing VaD are examined. Finally, emerging treatment avenues including epigenetics, the gut microbiome, and pro-longevity pharmaceuticals are discussed. By drawing this key evidence together, it is our hope that it can be used to inform future experimental investigations in this field.
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Yu B, Jia P, Dou Q, Yang S. Toward a prognostic model for all-cause mortality among old people with disability in long-term care in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 119:105324. [PMID: 38266531 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current prognostic model of all-cause mortality may not be applicable for old people with disability in long-term care due to the absence of injury- and care-related predictors. We aimed to develop a prognostic model specifically tailored to this population, based on comprehensive predictors. METHOD We conducted a prospective study involving 41,004 participants aged ≥60 with disability in long-term care across 16 study sites in Southwest China from 2017 to 2021. Participants' demographics, clinical characteristics, disability status, and injury- and care-related information at baseline were used as candidate predictors. We employed a LASSO Cox regression model to develop the prognostic model using the training set (70 % of participants), and the predictive performance was validated in the validation set (30 % of participants). The prognostic index (PI) scores of the prognostic model were used to quantify mortality risk. RESULTS At the end of the 4-year follow-up, 17,797 deaths (43.4 %) were observed. The prognostic model revealed several powerful and robust predictors of mortality across the total sample and subgroups, including higher age, living with comorbidities, physical and perceptual disability, and living with pressure sores. Non-professional care was an additional predictor in older participants. The risk of death for participants in the highest quartile of PI scores was approximately four-fold higher compared to those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a prognostic model that can be practically utilized to identify individuals and populations at risk of death among old people with disability in long-term care.
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Ohmine K, Morinaga Y, Kobayashi S, Matsubara A, Sadanaga K, Tohtani S, Saeki H, Horiuchi H, Fujikawa Y, Sumi K, Natsume M, Inoue H. Cacao Procyanidins-Induced Lifespan Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans in a Nervous System and CaMKII-Dependent Manner. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae050. [PMID: 38366688 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are gaining attention due to their potential health benefits. We found that cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) from Theobroma cacao seeds increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative model organism for aging studies. The genetic dependence of the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was consistent with that of blueberry procyanidin, which is dependent on unc-43, osr-1, sek-1, and mev-1, but not on daf-16, sir-2.1, or skn-1. The lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was inhibited by neuron-specific RNA interference (RNAi) targeting unc-43 and pmk-1, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in the odr-3, odr-1, or tax-4 genes, which are essential in sensory neurons, including AWC neurons. It was also inhibited in worms in which AWC neurons or AIB interneurons had been eliminated, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in eat-4 or glr-1, which are responsible for glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results suggest that the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr is dependent on the nervous system. In addition, it also requires unc-43 and pmk-1 expression in nonneuronal cells, as demonstrated by the experiments with RNAi in wild-type worms, the neuronal cells of which are not affected by systemic RNAi. The osr-1 gene is expressed in hypodermal and intestinal cells and regulates the response to osmotic stress along with unc-43/calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Consistent with this, CLPr improved osmotic stress tolerance in an unc-43- and pmk-1-dependent manner, and it was also dependent on AWC neurons. The lifespan-extending and osmotic-tolerance-improving activities were attributed to procyanidins with a tetrameric or higher-order oligomeric structure.
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Cristini C, Colautti L, Vedova AD, Antonietti A. Creativity and humor in the elderly: Shared mechanisms and common functions to promote well-being. Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137762. [PMID: 38574850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the paper the possible links between creative thinking and humor are sketched and their role in promoting well-being in the elderly is taken into account. The specific features of creative thinking in older people and its developmental trend in aging are outlined. The changes in humor which occur during aging are considered as well. The connections between creative thinking and humor are analysed, by highlighting the cognitive mechanisms which are shared and the alleged common neural underpinnings. The functions which creativity and humor can play to promote well-being in late adulthood are discussed. These functions refer to the way older people can interpret their own experience, interact and communicate with others, and face daily problems.
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Marino VR, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Aldwin CM, Spiro A, Lee LO. The Costs of Coping: Long-Term Mortality Risk in Aging Men. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae011. [PMID: 38501168 PMCID: PMC10948961 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prospective associations between coping and all-cause mortality risk are understudied, particularly among nonmedical samples. We assessed independent and joint associations of multiple components of the transactional stress and coping model with all-cause mortality in a cohort of community-dwelling men. We were particularly interested in how coping effort related to mortality. METHODS Participants included 743 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study who completed 1+ stress and coping assessment in 1993-2002 (baseline age: M = 68.4, standard deviation [SD] = 7.1) and had mortality follow-up through 2020. The Brief California Coping Inventory assessed coping with a past-month stressor. Cox regression evaluated associations of problem stressfulness, coping strategies, total coping effort, and coping efficiency with all-cause mortality risk. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 16.7 years (SD = 7.1), 473 (64%) men died. Problem stressfulness was not associated with mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.17), adjusted for demographics and health conditions. When examining coping via specific strategies, only social coping was associated with higher mortality risk (HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05-1.26) after Bonferroni correction. Total coping effort was associated with 14% greater risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI: 1.04-1.26), independent of problem stressfulness, demographics, and health conditions. Coping efficiency, a benefit-cost ratio of coping efficacy to total coping effort, was not associated with mortality risk in adjusted models. DISCUSSION Total coping effort may be an important indicator for longevity among aging men, above and beyond problem stressfulness and specific coping strategies, which have been the foci in prior research.
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Lin TF, Zhao ZY, Yuan CZ, Huang YH, Liu D, Li FX, Jiang YW, Li BL, Wei C, Sha F, Yang ZR, Ran MS, Tang JL. Life satisfaction components and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A large prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:916-925. [PMID: 38244788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Which life satisfaction components could be a target of positive psychological interventions for longevity is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate association of the composite measure of life satisfaction and its individual components with mortality. METHODS This cohort study included UK Biobank participants who responded to questions concerning five components of life satisfaction at baseline. We generated a composite score representing overall life satisfaction, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 5 (highest). The outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of interest. RESULTS Among 165,842 eligible participants, 12,261 all-cause deaths were observed over a median of 12.9-year follow-up. Overall life satisfaction was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.94 [95% CI: 0.93-0.95] per 1 score increment). Health satisfaction showed the strongest association with all-cause mortality, with a fully adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.49-0.55) for high/extreme satisfaction and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.59-0.66) for moderate satisfaction, compared with unsatisfaction (P-trend<0.001), independent of other satisfaction components, regardless of physical health and sociodemographics. The association for family, friendship, work and financial satisfaction was attenuated when adjusted for other life satisfaction components. Similar findings were observed for cause-specific mortality. LIMITATIONS Observational study with single baseline measurement of life satisfaction precludes the ability to establish causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Higher overall life satisfaction was associated with lower mortality. As the major contributor to lower mortality regardless of physical health and sociodemographics, health satisfaction could be an important target of positive psychological interventions for longevity.
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Costa DL. Grandchildren's Longevity and Their Grandfathers' POW Trauma in the U.S. Civil War. Demography 2024; 61:337-361. [PMID: 38393987 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11191183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
I document the transmission of a grandfather's net nutritional deprivation and psychosocial stress in young adulthood across multiple generations using the grandfather's ex-prisoner of war (ex-POW) status in the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865). Using a newly created dataset, I uncover an association between a grandfather's ex-POW status and the longevity after age 45 of his sons and male-line grandsons but not of his daughters, granddaughters, female-line grandsons, children-in-law, or grandchildren-in-law. Male-line grandsons lost roughly a year of life at age 45 (4% of remaining life expectancy) if descended from ex-POWs who suffered severe captivity conditions than if descended from non-POWs. If their grandfathers faced a less harsh captivity, male-line grandsons lost less than a year of life compared with those descended from non-POWs. I find that the grandfather's age at exposure and the grandson's education, as well as the son's and the grandson's poor late gestational conditions (proxied by season of birth), mediate this relationship. I rule out socioeconomic status, marriage and mortality selection, and cultural or psychological transmission from grandfathers to grandsons as explanations. I cannot rule out an epigenetic explanation.
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Murata S, Ebeling M, Meyer AC, Schmidt-Mende K, Hammar N, Modig K. Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non-centenarians in a 35-year follow-up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort. GeroScience 2024; 46:1693-1702. [PMID: 37726432 PMCID: PMC10828184 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing biomarker profiles measured at similar ages, but earlier in life, among exceptionally long-lived individuals and their shorter-lived peers can improve our understanding of aging processes. This study aimed to (i) describe and compare biomarker profiles at similar ages between 64 and 99 among individuals eventually becoming centenarians and their shorter-lived peers, (ii) investigate the association between specific biomarker values and the chance of reaching age 100, and (iii) examine to what extent centenarians have homogenous biomarker profiles earlier in life. Participants in the population-based AMORIS cohort with information on blood-based biomarkers measured during 1985-1996 were followed in Swedish register data for up to 35 years. We examined biomarkers of metabolism, inflammation, liver, renal, anemia, and nutritional status using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and cluster analysis. In total, 1224 participants (84.6% females) lived to their 100th birthday. Higher levels of total cholesterol and iron and lower levels of glucose, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and total iron-binding capacity were associated with reaching 100 years. Centenarians overall displayed rather homogenous biomarker profiles. Already from age 65 and onwards, centenarians displayed more favorable biomarker values in commonly available biomarkers than individuals dying before age 100. The differences in biomarker values between centenarians and non-centenarians more than one decade prior death suggest that genetic and/or possibly modifiable lifestyle factors reflected in these biomarker levels may play an important role for exceptional longevity.
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How-Kit A, Sahbatou M, Hardy LM, Tessier NP, Schiavon V, Le Buanec H, Sebaoun JM, Blanché H, Zagury JF, Deleuze JF. The CEPH aging cohort and biobank: a valuable collection of biological samples from exceptionally long-lived French individuals and their offspring for longevity studies. GeroScience 2024; 46:2681-2695. [PMID: 38141157 PMCID: PMC10828222 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing aging of the human population is currently and for the coming decades a major public health issue in many countries, requiring the implementation of global public health policies promoting healthy and successful aging. Individuals are not equal in the face of aging and some can present exceptional healthspan and/or lifespan, which are notably influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research and studies on human aging, healthy aging and longevity should rely in particular on cohorts of long-lived individuals, also including biological samples allowing studies on the biology of aging and longevity. In this manuscript, we provide for the first time a complete description of the CEPH (Centre d'Etude du Polymophisme Humain) Aging cohort, an exceptional cohort recruited during the 90s to 2000s, including more than 1700 French long-lived individuals (≥ 90 years old) born between 1875 and 1916 as well as for some of them their siblings and offspring. Among the participants, 1265 were centenarians, including 255 semi-supercentenarians ([105-110] years old) and 25 supercentenarians (≥ 110 years old). The available anthropometric, epidemiologic and clinical data for the cohort participants are described and especially the collection of blood-derived biological samples associated with the cohort which includes DNA, cryopreserved cells and cell lines, plasma, and serum. This biological collection from the first cohort of centenarians in the world is an inestimable resource for ongoing and future molecular, cellular, and functional studies aimed at deciphering the mechanisms of human (successful) aging and longevity.
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Han JX, Bai Z, Wang RW. Unraveling power-law scaling through exponential cell division dynamics. Biosystems 2024; 238:105190. [PMID: 38492628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
A primary objective of biology is the development of universal laws that define how organic form develops and how it evolves as a function of size, both ontogenetically and across evolutionary time. Scaling theory has been essential in reaching this goal by giving a complete perspective point, particularly in illuminating the fundamental biological features produced within scaling exponents defining families of equations. Nonetheless, the theoretical basis of the allometric equation within scaling theory are inadequately explained, particularly when it comes to establishing links between micro-level processes at the cellular level and macro-level phenomena. We proposed an unlimited cell bipartition, resulting in an exponential growth in cell numbers during an individual's lifespan, to bridge this conceptual gap between cellular processes and allometric scaling. The power-law scaling between body mass and organ weight was produced by the synchronous exponential increments and the allometric exponent is rate of logarithmic cell proliferation rate. Substituting organ weight for erythrocyte weight aided in the development of a power-law scaling relationship between body mass and metabolic rate. Furthermore, it is critical to understand how cell size affects the exponent in power-law scaling. We find that a bigger exponent will result from an increase in the average weight of organ cells or a decrease in the average weight of all cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation dynamics showed a complex exponential scaling between body mass and longevity, defying the previously reported power-law scaling. We discovered a quadratic link between longevity and logarithmic body mass. Notably, all of the parameters included in these relationships are explained by indices linked to cell division and embryonic development. This research adds to our understanding of the complex interaction between cellular processes and overarching scaling phenomena in biology.
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Ulku SG, Unlu N. Factors influencing the longevity of posterior composite restorations: A dental university clinic study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27735. [PMID: 38509902 PMCID: PMC10950679 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This retrospective study aimed to assess the performance of posterior composite resin restorations (PCRRs) and evaluate the influence of patient-specific factors on restoration outcomes. Methods A total of 189 PCRRs were examined in 54 patients, with evaluations based on Modified USPHS criteria. Patient-specific factors were analyzed. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, and ANOVA tests, were conducted. Results Patients aged over 50 exhibited higher DMFT averages and a higher rate of unsuccessful restorations. Despite higher DMFT scores in females, gender doesn't significantly impact restoration outcomes. Secondary caries correlated with.plaque scores, significantly affecting restoration survival. Marginal adaptation, retention deficiencies, and secondary caries were primary causes of failure. Multi-surface restorations faced higher failure risk due to elevated plaque scores. Class-V restorations showed a higher failure rate, challenging the number of surfaces and longevity correlation. Conclusions This study identified key factors influencing posterior composite resin restorations-(PCRRs) in patients over 50, including higher DMFT averages and more unsuccessful restorations. No significant difference was found between brushing; frequency and DMFT rates, possibly due to the absence of non-brushers. Secondary caries; correlated with elevated plaque scores, impacting restoration survival. Primary causes of; failure included marginal adaptation issues, retention deficiencies, and secondary caries, with multi-surface restorations facing a higher risk. However, tooth vitality, beverage and acidic food consumption, and oral hygiene habits did not significantly affect PCRR outcomes. Clinical significance Patient-specific factors significantly impact PCRRs' long-term performance. Dentists must tailor strategies, emphasizing regular monitoring and preventive measures for extended survival.
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Odoh CK, Madrigal-Perez LA, Kamal R. Glucosylglycerol and proline reverse the effects of glucose on Rhodosporidium toruloides lifespan. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:195. [PMID: 38546876 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Rhodosporidium toruloides is a novel cell factory used to synthesis carotenoids, biosurfactants, and biofuel feedstocks. However, research on R. toruloides has generally centred on the manufacture of biochemicals, while analyses of its longevity have received scant attention. Understanding of R. toruloides longevity under different nutrient conditions could help to improve its biotechnological significance and metabolite production. Glucosylglycerol (GG) and proline are osmoprotectants that could revert the harmful effects of environmental stress. This study examined how GG and proline affect R. toruloides strain longevity under glucose nutrimental stress. Herein, we provide evidence that GG and proline enhance cell performance and viability. These compatible solutes neutralises the pro-ageing effects of high glucose (10% glucose) on the yeast cell and reverse its cellular stress. GG exhibits the greatest impact on lifespan extension at 100 mM, whereas proline exerts effect at 2 mM. Our data reveal that these compounds significantly affect the culture medium osmolarity. Moreso, GG and proline decreased ROS production and mitohormetic lifespan regulation, respectively. The data indicates that these solutes (proline and GG) support the longevity of R. toruloides at a pro-ageing high glucose culture condition.
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Campbell D, Zuryn S. The mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial dynamics in C. elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:266-275. [PMID: 37919144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
If mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, then mitochondrial dynamics are the power grid that regulates how that energy output is directed and maintained in response to unique physiological demands. Fission and fusion dynamics are highly regulated processes that fine-tune the mitochondrial networks of cells to enable appropriate responses to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, thereby maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis. These dynamics shape many aspects of an organism's healthspan including development, longevity, stress resistance, immunity, and response to disease. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial dynamics by focussing on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole live-animal studies in C. elegans have enabled a true organismal-level understanding of the impact that mitochondrial dynamics play in homeostasis over a lifetime.
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Choi MJ, Hyun H, Heo JY, Seo YB, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Kim HJ, Choi JY, Lee YJ, Chung EJ, Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim B, Song JY. Longitudinal immune kinetics of COVID-19 booster versus primary series vaccination: Insight into the annual vaccination strategy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27211. [PMID: 38468934 PMCID: PMC10926122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data on the durability of booster dose immunity of COVID-19 vaccines are relatively limited. Methods Immunogenicity was evaluated for up to 9-12 months after the third dose of vaccination in 94 healthy adults. Results Following the third dose, the anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response against the wild-type was boosted markedly, which decreased gradually over time. However, even 9-12 months after the booster dose, both the median and geometric mean of anti-spike IgG antibody levels were higher than those measured 4 weeks after the second dose. Breakthrough infection during the Omicron-dominant period boosted neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron sublineages (BA.1 and BA.5) and the ancestral strain. T-cell immune response was efficiently induced and maintained during the study period. Conclusions mRNA vaccine booster dose elicited durable humoral immunity for up to 1 year after the third dose and T-cell immunity was sustained during the study period, supporting an annual COVID-19 vaccination strategy.
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Xiao Y, Feng Y, Zhao J, Chen W, Lu W. Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00092-4. [PMID: 38462039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases and prolonging healthy life expectancies are of particular importance. Gut microbiota has emerged as a novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes of gut microbiota during aging, in particular gut microbiota characteristics of centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving healthy aging or intervene pathological aging through gut microbiota-directed strategies. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the characteristics of the gut microbiota associated with aging, explore potential biomarkers of aging and address microbiota-associated mechanisms of host aging focusing on intestinal barrier and immune status. By summarizing the existing effective dietary strategies in aging interventions, the probability of developing a diet targeting the gut microbiota in future is provided. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three key notions: Firstly, gut microbiota has become a new target for regulating health status and lifespan, and its changes are closely related to age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated gut microbiota features at the levels of key genus/species and important metabolites through comparing the microbiota differences among centenarians, elderly people and younger people. Secondly, exploring microbiota biomarkers related to aging and discussing future possibility using dietary regime/components targeted to aging-related microbiota biomarkers promote human healthy lifespan. Thirdly, dietary intervention can effectively improve the imbalance of gut microbiota related to aging, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, but their effects vary among.
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Katsube M, Ishimoto T, Fukushima Y, Kagami A, Shuto T, Kato Y. Ergothioneine promotes longevity and healthy aging in male mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01111-5. [PMID: 38446314 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging has emerged as a crucial issue with the increase in the geriatric population worldwide. Food-derived sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potential dietary supplement, which exhibits various beneficial effects in experimental animals although the preventive effects of ERGO on aging and/or age-related impairments such as frailty and cognitive impairment are unclear. We investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of ERGO dissolved in drinking water on lifespan, frailty, and cognitive impairment in male mice from 7 weeks of age to the end of their lives. Ingestion of 4 ~ 5 mg/kg/day of ERGO remarkably extended the lifespan of male mice. The longevity effect of ERGO was further supported by increase in life and non-frailty spans of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of ERGO. Compared with the control group, the ERGO group showed significantly lower age-related declines in weight, fat mass, and average and maximum movement velocities at 88 weeks of age. This was compatible with dramatical suppression by ERGO of the age-related increments in plasma biomarkers (BMs) such as the chemokine ligand 9, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, urea, asymmetric dimethylarginine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine. The oral intake of ERGO also rescued age-related impairments in learning and memory ability, which might be associated with suppression of the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and TDP43 protein aggregation and promotion of microglial shift to the M2 phenotype by ERGO ingestion. Ingestion of ERGO may promote longevity and healthy aging in male mice, possibly through multiple biological mechanisms.
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Ullah I, Uddin S, Zhao L, Wang X, Li H. Autophagy and UPS pathway contribute to nicotine-induced protection effect in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9. [PMID: 38430248 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The gradual nature of age-related neurodegeneration causes Parkinson's disease (PD) and impairs movement, memory, intellectual ability, and social interaction. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) among the elderly is PD. PD affects both motor and cognitive functions. Degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and buildup of the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are two major causes of this disorder. Both UPS and ALS systems serve to eliminate α-Syn. Autophagy and UPS deficits, shortened life duration, and lipofuscin buildup accelerate PD. This sickness has no cure. Innovative therapies are halting PD progression. Bioactive phytochemicals may provide older individuals with a natural substitute to help delay the onset of neurodegenerative illnesses. This study examines whether nicotine helps transgenic C. elegans PD models. According to numerous studies, nicotine enhances synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic neuronal survival. Upgrades UPS pathways, increases autophagy, and decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. At 100, 150, and 200 µM nicotine levels, worms showed reduced α-Syn aggregation, repaired DA neurotoxicity after 6-OHDA intoxication, increased lifetime, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, nicotine triggered autophagy and UPS. We revealed nicotine's potential as a UPS and autophagy activator to prevent PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dilmetz BA, Desire CT, Meneses J, Klingler-Hoffmann M, Young C, Hoffmann P. Impact of propagation time on yeast physiology during bottle conditioning of beer on an industrial scale. Food Chem 2024; 435:137655. [PMID: 37806202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Bottle conditioning occurs when yeast and a fermentable extract are added to beer prior to packaging. Aside from ethanol and carbon dioxide production, this process can minimize the production of off-flavors and increase the shelf-life of beer. The advantages of bottle conditioning rely on the yeast being able to quickly referment the beer and maintain viability during storage. In this study, a commercial ale yeast was propagated in wort on a large scale (30 hL) for 24 h or 72 h and seeded into pale ale beer for bottle conditioning. We found that yeast propagated until the post-diauxic shift (72 h) provided better longevity in the bottle and improved foam stability compared to the 24 h propagated yeast. At the time of seeding, yeast propagated for 72 h showed an upregulation of proteins involved in cellular respiration and general stress pathways that may indicate responses toward mitigating cellular stress levels.
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Pereira B, Correia FP, Alves IA, Costa M, Gameiro M, Martins AP, Saraiva JA. Epigenetic reprogramming as a key to reverse ageing and increase longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102204. [PMID: 38272265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit for the fountain of youth has long been a fascination amongst scientists and humanity. Ageing is broadly characterized by a cellular decline with increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, being intimately associated with epigenetic modifications. Recently, reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies have begun to greatly alter longevity research not only to tackle age-related defects but also to possibly reverse the cellular ageing process. Hence, in this review, we highlight the major epigenetic changes during ageing and the state-of-art of the current emerging epigenetic reprogramming strategies leveraging on transcription factors. Notably, partial reprogramming enables the resetting of the ageing clock without erasing cellular identity. Promising chemical-based rejuvenation strategies harnessing small molecules, including DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors are also discussed. Moreover, in parallel to longevity interventions, the foundations of epigenetic clocks for accurate ageing assessment and evaluation of reprogramming approaches are briefly presented. Going further, with such scientific breakthroughs, we are witnessing a rise in the longevity biotech industry aiming to extend the health span and ideally achieve human rejuvenation one day. In this context, we overview the main scenarios proposed for the future of the socio-economic and ethical challenges associated with such an emerging field. Ultimately, this review aims to inspire future research on interventions that promote healthy ageing for all.
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Zhang Q, Tian Y, Fu Z, Wu S, Lan H, Zhou X, Shen W, Lou Y. The role of serum-glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 in reproductive viability: implications from prenatal programming and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:376. [PMID: 38427115 PMCID: PMC10907440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organisms and cellular viability are of paramount importance to living creatures. Disruption of the balance between cell survival and apoptosis results in compromised viability and even carcinogenesis. One molecule involved in keeping this homeostasis is serum-glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) 1. Emerging evidence points to a significant role of SGK1 in cell growth and survival, cell metabolism, reproduction, and life span, particularly in prenatal programming and reproductive senescence by the same token. Whether the hormone inducible SGK1 kinase is a major driver in the pathophysiological processes of prenatal programming and reproductive senescence? METHOD The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase/Ovid, and Elsevier Science Direct literature databases were searched for articles in English focusing on SGK1 published up to July 2023 RESULT: Emerging evidence is accumulating pointing to a pathophysiological role of the ubiquitously expressed SGK1 in the cellular and organismal viability. Under the regulation of specific hormones, extracellular stimuli, and various signals, SGK1 is involved in several biological processes relevant to viability, including cell proliferation and survival, cell migration and differentiation. In line, SGK1 contributes to the development of germ cells, embryos, and fetuses, whereas SGK1 inhibition leads to abnormal gametogenesis, embryo loss, and truncated reproductive lifespan. CONCLUTION SGK1 integrates a broad spectrum of effects to maintain the homeostasis of cell survival and apoptosis, conferring viability to multiple cell types as well as both simple and complex organisms, and thus ensuring appropriate prenatal development and reproductive lifespan.
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Zhou HH, Jin B, Liao Y, Hu Y, Li P, YangLha T, Liu Y, Xu J, Wang B, Zhu M, Xiao J, Liu J, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Hao X, Chen J, Peng Z, Yang W. Associations of Various Physical Activities with Mortality and Life Expectancy are Mediated by Telomere Length. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:431-438.e15. [PMID: 37660722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity (PA) and telomeres both contribute to healthy aging and longevity. To investigate the optimal dosage of various PA for longevity and the role of telomere length in PA and mortality. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 333,865 adults (mean age of 56 years) from the UK Biobank were analyzed. METHODS Walking, moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA) were self-reported via questionnaire, and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to predict all-cause mortality risk. A flexible parametric Royston-Parmar survival model was used to estimate life expectancy. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 13.8 years, 19,789 deaths were recorded. Compared with the no-walking group, 90 to 720 minutes/week of walking was similarly associated with 27% to 31% of lower mortality and about 6 years of additional life expectancy. We observed nearly major benefits for mortality and life expectancy among those meeting the PA guidelines [151-300 minutes/wk for MPA: hazard ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.85, 3.40-3.42 additional life years; 76-150 minutes/wk for VPA: HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.82, 2.61 years (2.33-2.89)] vs the no-PA group. Similar benefits were also observed at 76-150 and 301-375 minutes/wk of MPA (18%-19% lower mortality, 3.20-3.42 gained years) or 151-300 minutes/wk of VPA (20%-26% lower mortality, 2.41-2.61 gained years). The associations between MPA, VPA, and mortality risk were slightly mediated by LTL (≈1% mediation proportion, both P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study suggests a more flexible range of PA than the current PA guidelines, which could gain similar benefits and is easier to achieve: 90 to 720 minutes/wk of walking, 75 to 375 minutes/wk of MPA, and 75 to 300 minutes/wk of VPA. Telomeres might be a potential mechanism by which PA promotes longevity.
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Zhu M, Li H, Zheng Y, Yang J. Targeting TOP2B as a vulnerability in aging and aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167044. [PMID: 38296114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing trend of rapid aging of the global population has unavoidably resulted in an increase in aging-related diseases. There is an immense amount of interest in the scientific community for the identification of molecular targets that may effectively mitigate the process of aging and aging-related diseases. The enzyme Topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) plays a crucial role in resolving the topological challenges that occur during DNA-related processes. It is believed that the disruption of TOP2B function contributes to the aging of cells and tissues, as well as the development of age-related diseases. Consequently, targeting TOP2B appears to be a promising approach for interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of aging. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the role of TOP2B in the processing of aging and aging-related disorders, thus providing a novel avenue for the development of anti-aging strategies.
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Duan J, Wang M, Sam NB, Tian Q, Zheng T, Chen Y, Deng X, Liu Y. The development and validation of a nomogram-based risk prediction model for mortality among older adults. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101605. [PMID: 38292049 PMCID: PMC10825771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to construct and authenticate a comprehensive predictive model for all-cause mortality, based on a multifaceted array of risk factors. Methods The derivation cohort for this study was the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), while the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used as validation cohorts. Risk factors were filtered using lasso regression, and predictive factors were determined using net reclassification improvement. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to establish the mortality risk prediction equations, and the model's fit was evaluated using a discrimination concordance index (C-index). To evaluate the internal consistency of discrimination and calibration, a 10x10 cross-validation technique was employed. Calibration plots were generated to compare predicted probabilities with observed probabilities. The prediction ability of the equations was demonstrated using nomogram. Results The CLHLS (mean age 88.08, n = 37074) recorded 28158 deaths (179683 person-years) throughout the course of an 8-20 year follow-up period. Additionally, there were 1384 deaths in the HABCS (mean age 86.74, n = 2552), and 1221 deaths in the CHARLS (mean age 72.48, n = 4794). The final all-cause mortality model incorporated demographic characteristics like age, sex, and current marital status, as well as functional status indicators including cognitive function and activities of daily living. Additionally, lifestyle factors like past smoking condition and leisure activities including housework, television viewing or radio listening, and gardening work were included. The C-index for the derivation cohort was 0.728 (95% CI: 0.724-0.732), while the external validation results for the CHARS and HABCS cohorts were 0.761 (95% CI: 0.749-0.773) and 0.713 (95% CI: 0.697-0.729), respectively. Conclusion This study introduces a reliable, validated, and acceptable mortality risk predictor for older adults in China. These predictive factors have potential applications in public health policy and clinical practice.
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Ayoob A, Janakiram C. Prevalence of physical and oral frailty in geriatric patients in Kerala, India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:158-163. [PMID: 38347898 PMCID: PMC10859288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical frailty is a condition where a person has decreased physical reserve and resilience to stressors. Oral frailty, on the other hand, refers to a decline in oral function in conjunction with reductions in cognitive and physical functioning. Poor oral health, encompassing factors such as functional, physiological, psychosocial, and therapeutic aspects, can lead to physical frailty. Objectives Assess the prevalence of physical and oral frailty in geriatric patients attending health centres in Kerala, India. Methodology . Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (Kochi), Amrita Kripa Charitable Hospital (Wayanad) and Amrita Urban Health Centre in (Kaloor). Participants 250 geriatric participants above 60 years. Measurements The participants' physical frailty was evaluated using Fried's Frailty Phenotype, the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale, and sarcopenia screening. The assessment of oral frailty was based on several factors such as current dental status, chewing ability, tongue pressure, the Repetitive Saliva-Swallowing Test, Oral Diadokinetic rates, Xerostomia, and the Oral and Maxillofacial Index. The evaluation was using a questionnaire and clinical examination. Bivariate analysis was performed for additional variables, and multivariate analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between oral and physical frailty. Results 56 % of study participants were males, and the mean age was 68 ± 6.02 years. 34.4 % were physically frail, and the remaining were pre-frail using Fried Frailty Phenotype. 67 % showed oral frailty using the Oral and Maxillofacial Frailty Index (OMFI). Using six domains of the oral frailty status (Tanaka) showed that 74 % of individuals had an increased risk of new onset of physical frailty. In the adjusted model, individuals with mild oral frailty had lesser chances of being frail (OR = 0.509, 95 % CI = 0.274-1.946, p-value = 0.033). Conclusion The prevalence of physical frailty was 34.4 %, and oral frailty status was 74 %. The findings implied a need to include oral frailty assessments in the comprehensive general health screening for geriatric patients.
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