51
|
Gong C, Qi Y, Xu Y, Tang X, Liang F, Chen L. Parecoxib improves atherosclerotic plaque stability by suppressing inflammation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases production. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111423. [PMID: 33740522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population, coronary syndrome is one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is the pathophysiological basis of coronary syndrome, which is caused by plaque rupture and predisposed or aggravated by many perioperative complications. Parecoxib is one of the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory perioperative drugs. This study aims to evaluate the potential benefits of parecoxib on atherosclerosis progression. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apo E-/-) mice were intraperitoneally injected by parecoxib (par group) or saline (control group) and, meanwhile, were given a western diet for 12 weeks. The aorta and aortic root were examined by oil red O (ORO) staining for atherosclerotic lesions. The expression level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), was investigated using immunofluorescence and western blot. Macrophage inflammation was investigated by Q-PCR. Parecoxib treatment increased the number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and amount of collagen, while and decreased the number of macrophages in murine aortic walls. The expression of MMP1, 2, 9, and 13 as well as IL- 1β and IL-6 were also decreased in the par group. However, there was no statistical difference in lipid infiltration between the two groups. Parecoxib could improve plaque stability by suppressing inflammation and inhibiting MMPs production.
Collapse
|
52
|
Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Targeting MMP-Regulation of Inflammation to Increase Metabolic Tolerance to COVID-19 Pathologies: A Hypothesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030390. [PMID: 33800947 PMCID: PMC7998259 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop no or only mild symptoms, but some can go on onto develop a spectrum of pathologies including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan failure. Many pathogens, viral and non-viral, can elicit these pathologies, which justifies reconsidering whether the target of therapeutic approaches to fight pathogen infections should be (a) the pathogen itself, (b) the pathologies elicited by the pathogen interaction with the human host, or (c) a combination of both. While little is known about the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2, it is well-established that the above-mentioned pathologies are associated with hyper-inflammation, tissue damage, and the perturbation of target organ metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that these processes are regulated by endoproteinases (particularly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)). Here, we review what is known about the roles played by MMPs in the development of COVID-19 and postulate a mechanism by which MMPs could influence energy metabolism in target organs, such as the lung. Finally, we discuss the suitability of MMPs as therapeutic targets to increase the metabolic tolerance of the host to damage inflicted by the pathogen infection, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
|
53
|
Aranha ESP, Portilho AJDS, Bentes de Sousa L, da Silva EL, Mesquita FP, Rocha WC, Araújo da Silva FM, Lima ES, Alves APNN, Koolen HHF, Montenegro RC, Vasconcellos MCD. 22β-hydroxytingenone induces apoptosis and suppresses invasiveness of melanoma cells by inhibiting MMP-9 activity and MAPK signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113605. [PMID: 33232779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 22β-hydroxytingenone (22-HTG) is a quinonemethide triterpene isolated from Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A. C. Smith (family Celastraceae), which has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including dengue, renal infections, rheumatism and cancer. However, the anticancer effects of 22-HTG and the underlying molecular mechanisms in melanoma cells have not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study investigated apoptosis induction and antimetastatic potencial of 22-HTG in SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of 22-HTG in cultured cancer cells was evaluated. Then, cell viability was determined using the trypan blue assay in melanoma cells (SK-MEL-28), which was followed by cell cycle, annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide assays (Annexin/PI), as well as assays to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/BE) staining was also performed. RT-qPCR was carried out to evaluate the expression of BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS genes. The anti-invasiveness potential of 22-HTG was evaluated in a three-dimensional (3D) model of reconstructed human skin. RESULTS 22-HTG reduced viability of SK-MEL-28 cells and caused morphological changes, as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation. Furthermore, 22-HTG caused apoptosis, which was demonstrated by increased staining with AO/BE and Annexin/PI. The apoptosis may have been caused by mitochondrial instability without the involvement of ROS production. The expression of BRAF, NRAS, and KRAS, which are important biomarkers in melanoma development, was reduced by the 22-HTG treatment. In the reconstructed skin model, 22-HTG was able to decrease the invasion capacity of melanoma cells in the dermis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that 22-HTG has anti-tumorigenic properties against melanoma cells through the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of invasiveness potential, as observed in the 3D model. As such, the results provide new insights for future work on the utilization of 22-HTG in malignant melanoma treatment.
Collapse
|
54
|
Dang Y, Gao N, Niu H, Guan Y, Fan Z, Guan J. Targeted Delivery of a Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 Specific Inhibitor Using Multifunctional Nanogels to Attenuate Ischemic Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Promote Revascularization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5907-5918. [PMID: 33506676 PMCID: PMC8007230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe form of peripheral artery disease (PAD). It is featured by degenerated skeletal muscle and poor vascularization. During the development of CLI, the upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) degrades muscle extracellular matrix to initiate the degeneration. Meanwhile, MMP-2 is necessary for blood vessel formation. It is thus hypothesized that appropriate MMP-2 bioactivity in ischemic limbs will not only attenuate muscle degeneration but also promote blood vessel formation. Herein, we developed ischemia-targeting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels to specifically deliver an MMP-2 inhibitor CTTHWGFTLC (CTT) into ischemic limbs to tailor MMP-2 bioactivity. Besides acting as an MMP-2 inhibitor, CTT promoted endothelial cell migration under conditions mimicking the ischemic limbs. The nanogels were sensitive to the pH of ischemic tissues, allowing them to largely aggregate in the injured area. To help reduce nanogel uptake by macrophages and increase circulation time, the nanogels were cloaked with a platelet membrane. An ischemia-targeting peptide CSTSMLKA (CST) was further conjugated on the platelet membrane for targeted delivery of nanogels into the ischemic area. CTT gradually released from the nanogels for 4 weeks. The nanogels mostly accumulated in the ischemic area for 28 days. The released CTT preserved collagen in the muscle and promoted its regeneration. In addition, CTT stimulated angiogenesis. Four weeks after CLI, the blood flow and vessel density of the ischemic limbs treated with the nanogels were remarkably higher than the control groups without CTT release. These results demonstrate that the developed nanogel-based CTT release system has the potential to stimulate ischemic limb regeneration.
Collapse
|
55
|
Hu Q, Ecker M. Overview of MMP-13 as a Promising Target for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041742. [PMID: 33572320 PMCID: PMC7916132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage and chronic inflammation of surrounding tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is the primary MMP involved in cartilage degradation through its particular ability to cleave type II collagen. Hence, it is an attractive target for the treatment of OA. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain elusive, and, currently, there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage. This review fully illustrates the involvement of MMP-13 in the initiation and progression of OA through the regulation of MMP-13 activity at the molecular and epigenetic levels, as well as the strategies that have been employed against MMP-13. The aim of this review is to identify MMP-13 as an attractive target for inhibitor development in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
|
56
|
Zagórska-Dziok M, Bujak T, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z. Positive Effect of Cannabis sativa L. Herb Extracts on Skin Cells and Assessment of Cannabinoid-Based Hydrogels Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:802. [PMID: 33557174 PMCID: PMC7913911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ that is constantly exposed to many external factors that can affect its structure and function. Due to the presence of different cannabinoid receptors on many types of skin cells, cannabinoids can interact directly with them. Therefore, as part of this work, the impact of two types of Cannabis sativa L. herb extracts on keratinocytes and fibroblasts was assessed. The content of biologically active compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls and cannabinoids was evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of prepared extracts using the DPPH radical, H2DCFDA probe and measurement of superoxide dismutase activity was also assessed. The cytotoxicity of hemp extracts was determined using the Alamar Blue, Neutral Red and LDH assays. The ability of the extracts to inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase and elastase, was assessed. Preparations of model hydrogels were also prepared and their effect on transepidermal water loss and skin hydration was measured. The obtained results indicate that hemp extracts can be a valuable source of biologically active substances that reduce oxidative stress, inhibit skin aging processes and positively affect the viability of skin cells. The analysis also showed that hydrogels based on cannabis extracts have a positive effect on skin hydration.
Collapse
|
57
|
Nagai K, Sato T, Kojima C. Design of a dendrimer with a matrix metalloproteinase-responsive fluorescence probe and a tumor-homing peptide for metastatic tumor cell imaging in the lymph node. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 33:127726. [PMID: 33316406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is a noninvasive technique for cancer diagnosis. Dendrimers are regularly branched macromolecules with highly controllable size and structure that are a potent multifunctional nanoparticle. Anionic-terminal polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were previously found to be accumulated in the lymph node, which is one of the main routes of tumor metastasis. In this study, we designed and synthesized a dendrimeric imaging probe for lymph node-resident tumor cell imaging. A matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-responsive fluorescence peptide probe and a tumor-homing peptide were conjugated to the carboxy-terminal dendrimer. The dendrimeric imaging probe treatment showed fluorescence signals inside some tumor cells (e.g., human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and breast cancer 4T1 cells), depending on the MMP activity, but not in macrophage-like RAW264 cells.
Collapse
|
58
|
Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj S, Singh S, Buhas C, Judea-Pusta C, Uivarosan D, Munteanu MA, Bungau S. Multifaceted Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031413. [PMID: 33573368 PMCID: PMC7866808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the pathological condition, in which the nervous system or neuron loses its structure, function, or both, leading to progressive degeneration or the death of neurons, and well-defined associations of tissue system, resulting in clinical manifestations. Neuroinflammation has been shown to precede neurodegeneration in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). No drug is yet known to delay or treat neurodegeneration. Although the etiology and potential causes of NDs remain widely indefinable, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) evidently have a crucial role in the progression of NDs. MMPs, a protein family of zinc (Zn2+)-containing endopeptidases, are pivotal agents that are involved in various biological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The current review delineates the several emerging evidence demonstrating the effects of MMPs in the progression of NDs, wherein they regulate several processes, such as (neuro)inflammation, microglial activation, amyloid peptide degradation, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, dopaminergic apoptosis, and α-synuclein modulation, leading to neurotoxicity and neuron death. Published papers to date were searched via PubMed, MEDLINE, etc., while using selective keywords highlighted in our manuscript. We also aim to shed a light on pathophysiological effect of MMPs in the CNS and focus our attention on its detrimental and beneficial effects in NDs, with a special focus on Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Huntington's disease (HD), and discussed various therapeutic strategies targeting MMPs, which could serve as potential modulators in NDs. Over time, several agents have been developed in order to overcome challenges and open up the possibilities for making selective modulators of MMPs to decipher the multifaceted functions of MMPs in NDs. There is still a greater need to explore them in clinics.
Collapse
|
59
|
Zhao B, Li X, Li X, Quan D, Zhang F, Hu B. Ilomastat contributes to the survival of mouse after irradiation via promoting the recovery of hematopoietic system. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0238209. [PMID: 33513143 PMCID: PMC7845947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilomastat, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has drawn attentions for its function in alleviating radiation damage. However, the detailed mechanisms of Ilomastat’s protection from animal model remain not fully clear. In this study, the C57BL/6 mice were pre-administrated with Ilomastat or vihicle for 2 h, and then total body of mice were exposed to 6 Gy of γ-rays. The protective effect of Ilomastat on the hematopoietic system in the irradiated mice were investigated. We found that pretreatment with Ilomastat significantly reduced the level of TGF-β1 and TNF-α, and elevated the number of bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells in the irradiated mice. Ilomastat pretreatment also increased the fraction of BM hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at day 30 after irradiation, and protected the spleen of mouse from irradiation. These results suggest that Ilomastat promotes the recovery of hematopoietic injury in the irradiated mice, and thus contributes to the survival of mouse after irradiation.
Collapse
|
60
|
Ali O, Tolaymat M, Hu S, Xie G, Raufman JP. Overcoming Obstacles to Targeting Muscarinic Receptor Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020716. [PMID: 33450835 PMCID: PMC7828259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of colorectal cancer and the genetic and environmental factors that mitigate its onset and progression, a paucity of effective treatments persists. The five-year survival for advanced, stage IV disease remains substantially less than 20%. This review examines a relatively untapped reservoir of potential therapies to target muscarinic receptor expression, activation, and signaling in colorectal cancer. Most colorectal cancers overexpress M3 muscarinic receptors (M3R), and both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that activating these receptors stimulates cellular programs that result in colon cancer growth, survival, and spread. In vivo studies using mouse models of intestinal neoplasia have shown that using either genetic or pharmacological approaches to block M3R expression and activation, respectively, attenuates the development and progression of colon cancer. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that blocking the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are induced selectively by M3R activation, i.e., MMP1 and MMP7, also impedes colon cancer growth and progression. Nonetheless, the widespread expression of muscarinic receptors and MMPs and their importance for many cellular functions raises important concerns about off-target effects and the safety of employing similar strategies in humans. As we highlight in this review, highly selective approaches can overcome these obstacles and permit clinicians to exploit the reliance of colon cancer cells on muscarinic receptors and their downstream signal transduction pathways for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
61
|
Chan BYH, Roczkowsky A, Cho WJ, Poirier M, Sergi C, Keschrumrus V, Churko JM, Granzier H, Schulz R. MMP inhibitors attenuate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by preventing intracellular and extracellular matrix remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:188-200. [PMID: 31995179 PMCID: PMC7797218 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure is a major complication in cancer treatment due to the cardiotoxic effects of anticancer drugs, especially from the anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (DXR). DXR enhances oxidative stress and stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in cardiomyocytes. We investigated whether MMP inhibitors protect against DXR cardiotoxicity given the role of MMP-2 in proteolyzing sarcomeric proteins in the heart and remodelling the extracellular matrix. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with DXR weekly with or without MMP inhibitors doxycycline or ONO-4817 by daily oral gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was used to determine cardiac function and left ventricular remodelling before and after treatment. MMP inhibitors ameliorated DXR-induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction by reducing the loss in left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and E'/A'. MMP inhibitors attenuated adverse left ventricular remodelling, reduced cardiomyocyte dropout, and prevented myocardial fibrosis. DXR increased myocardial MMP-2 activity in part also by upregulating N-terminal truncated MMP-2. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy showed that DXR elevated MMP-2 levels within the sarcomere and mitochondria which were associated with myofilament lysis, mitochondrial degeneration, and T-tubule distention. DXR-induced myofilament lysis was associated with increased titin proteolysis in the heart which was prevented by ONO-4817. DXR also increased the level and activity of MMP-2 in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, which was reduced by ONO-4817. CONCLUSIONS MMP-2 activation is an early event in DXR cardiotoxicity and contributes to myofilament lysis by proteolyzing cardiac titin. Two orally available MMP inhibitors ameliorated DXR cardiotoxicity by attenuating intracellular and extracellular matrix remodelling, suggesting their use may be a potential prophylactic strategy to prevent heart injury during chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
62
|
Shi Y, Ma X, Fang G, Tian X, Ge C. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) as attractive therapeutic targets: Recent progress and current challenges. NANOIMPACT 2021; 21:100293. [PMID: 35559782 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) plays an essential role in many physiological and pathological processes. An increase in MMP activity contributes to excessive degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been correlated with invasion and metastasis of tumors. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) has been developed as an attractive therapeutic target for decades, suggesting inspiring therapeutic effects in preclinical studies. However, achieving specificity remains an important challenge in the development of MMPIs, limiting their clinical application and bringing about the risk of biosafety. Nanomaterials can be used as alternative candidates for MMPI design, providing a new strategy for this problem. This report reviewed the research about MMPIs, summarized their MMPs activity regulation mechanisms, and discussed their failures in clinical trials. Furthermore, we outlined several schemes of MMPIs screening and design. Finally, we reviewed the therapeutic application prospects of MMPIs and discussed the remaining challenges and solutions, which may offer new insights for the development of MMPIs studies.
Collapse
|
63
|
Yano H, Nishimiya D, Kawaguchi Y, Tamura M, Hashimoto R. Discovery of potent and specific inhibitors targeting the active site of MMP-9 from the engineered SPINK2 library. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244656. [PMID: 33373399 PMCID: PMC7771667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to many physiological and pathological phenomena via the proteolysis of extracellular matrix components. Specific blocking of the active site of each MMP sheds light on its particular role. However, it remains difficult to acquire an active-site inhibitor with high specificity for only the target MMP due to the highly conserved structure around the active site of MMPs. Recently, we reported that potent and specific inhibitors of serine proteases were obtained from our proprietary engineered serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 2 (SPINK2) library. In this research, using this library, we succeeded in obtaining potent and specific MMP-9 inhibitors. The obtained inhibitors bound to the active site of MMP-9 and inhibited MMP-9 with low nanomolar Ki values. The inhibitors did not cross-react with other MMPs that we tested. Further analysis using MMP-9 mutants demonstrated that the inhibitors recognize not only the residues around the conserved active site of MMP-9 but also different and unique residues in exosites that are distant from each other. This unique recognition manner, which can be achieved by the large interface provided by engineered SPINK2, may contribute to the generation of specific active-site inhibitors of MMPs.
Collapse
|
64
|
Fini ME, Jeong S, Wilson MR. Therapeutic Potential of the Molecular Chaperone and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Clusterin for Dry Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E116. [PMID: 33374364 PMCID: PMC7794831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is presented herein supporting the potential of the natural homeostatic glycoprotein CLU (clusterin) as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of dry eye. This idea began with the demonstration that matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 is required for damage to the ocular surface in mouse dry eye. Damage was characterized by degradation of OCLN (occludin), a known substrate of MMP9 and a key component of the paracellular barrier. Following up on this finding, a yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted using MMP9 as the bait to identify other proteins involved. CLU emerged as a strong interacting protein that inhibits the enzymatic activity of MMP9. Previously characterized as a molecular chaperone, CLU is expressed prominently by epithelia at fluid-tissue interfaces and secreted into bodily fluids, where it protects cells and tissues against damaging stress. It was demonstrated that CLU also protects the ocular surface in mouse dry eye when applied topically to replace the natural protein depleted from the dysfunctional tears. CLU is similarly depleted from tears in human dry eye. The most novel and interesting finding was that CLU binds selectively to the damaged ocular surface. In this position, CLU protects against epithelial cell death and barrier proteolysis, and dampens the autoimmune response, while the apical epithelial cell layer is renewed. When present at high enough concentration, CLU also blocks staining by vital dyes used clinically to diagnose dry eye. None of the current therapeutics have this combination of properties to "protect, seal, and heal". Future work will be directed towards human clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic promise of CLU.
Collapse
|
65
|
Krasselt K, Frommelt C, Brunner R, Rauscher FG, Francke M, Körber N. Various cross-linking methods inhibit the collagenase I degradation of rabbit scleral tissue. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:488. [PMID: 33317477 PMCID: PMC7734860 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen cross-linking of the sclera is a promising approach to strengthen scleral rigidity and thus to inhibit eye growth in progressive myopia. Additionally, cross-linking might inhibit degrading processes in idiopathic melting or in ocular inflammatory diseases of the sclera. Different cross-linking treatments were tested to increase resistance to enzymatic degradation of the rabbit sclera. METHODS Scleral patches from rabbit eyes were cross-linked using paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or riboflavin combined with UV-A-light or with blue light. The patches were incubated with collagenase I (MMP1) for various durations up to 24 h to elucidate differences in scleral resistance to enzymatic degradation. Degraded protein components in the supernatant were detected and quantified using measurements of Fluoraldehyde o-Phthaldialdehyde (OPA) fluorescence. RESULTS All cross-linking methods reduced the enzymatic degradation of rabbit scleral tissue by MMP1. Incubation with glutaraldehyde (1%) and paraformaldehyde (4%) caused nearly a complete inhibition of enzymatic degradation (down to 7% ± 2.8 of digested protein compared to control). Cross-linking with riboflavin/UV-A-light reduced the degradation by MMP1 to 62% ± 12.7 after 24 h. Cross-linking with riboflavin/blue light reduced the degradation by MMP1 to 77% ± 13.5 after 24 h. No significant differences could be detected comparing different light intensities, light exposure times or riboflavin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The application of all cross-linking methods increased the resistance of rabbit scleral tissue to MMP1-degradation. Especially, gentle cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A or blue light might be a clinical approach in future.
Collapse
|
66
|
Taherkhani A, Moradkhani S, Orangi A, Jalalvand A, Khamverdi Z. Molecular docking study of flavonoid compounds for possible matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibition. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1105-1119. [PMID: 34898135 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been reported to be involved in different biological processes such as degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, activating or degrading some significant regulatory proteins, wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization, ossification, cell migration, and tumor cell invasion. Further, MMP-13 participates in many oral diseases such as tooth decay, gingivitis, and degradation of enamel and tissue around the implant. In addition, inhibition of MMP-13 has shown therapeutic properties for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed molecular docking to assess the binding affinity of 29 flavonoid compounds with the MMP-13. Additionally, pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of the top-ranked flavonoids were studied. The current study also intended to identify the most important amino acids involved in the inhibition of MMP-13 based on topological feature (degree) in the ligand-amino acid network for MMP-13. METHODS Molecular docking and network analysis were studied using AutoDock and Cytoscape software, respectively. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of compounds were predicted using bioinformatics web tools. RESULTS The results revealed that nine of the studied flavonoids had considerable estimated free energy of binding and inhibition constant: Rutin, nicotiflorin, orientin, vitexin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin-3-rhamnoside, and vicenin-2. Proline-242 was found to be the most important amino acid inhibiting the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study may be helpful in the prevention and therapeutic procedures of many disorders such as cancer, tooth caries, and AD. Nevertheless, validation tests are required in the future.
Collapse
|
67
|
Zofia NŁ, Aleksandra Z, Tomasz B, Martyna ZD, Magdalena Z, Zofia HB, Tomasz W. Effect of Fermentation Time on Antioxidant and Anti-Ageing Properties of Green Coffee Kombucha Ferments. Molecules 2020; 25:E5394. [PMID: 33218080 PMCID: PMC7698870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha, also known as the Manchurian mushroom, is a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, the so-called SCOBY. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the ferments obtained from green coffee beans after different fermentation times with kombucha. Results for the ferments were compared to the green coffee extract that was not fermented. In this study, the antioxidant potential of obtained ferments was analyzed by assessing the scavenging of external and intracellular free radicals and the assessment of superoxide dismutase activity. Cytotoxicity of ferments on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines was assessed as well as anti-aging properties by determining their ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase enzymes. In addition, the composition of the obtained ferments and the extract was determined, as well as their influence on skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after application of samples on the skin. It has been shown that the fermentation time has a positive effect on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties. The highest values were recorded for the tested samples after 28 days of fermentation. After 14 days of the fermentation process, it was observed that the analyzed ferments were characterized by low cytotoxicity to keratinocytes and fibroblasts. On the other hand, the short fermentation time of 7 days had a negative effect on the properties of the analyzed ferments. The obtained results indicate that both green coffee extracts and ferments can be an innovative ingredient of cosmetic products.
Collapse
|
68
|
Uzun M, Guvenalp Z, Kazaz C, Demirezer LO. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor and sunscreen effective compounds from Rumex crispus L.: isolation, identification, bioactivity and molecular docking study. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:818-834. [PMID: 32488908 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rumex (Polygonaceae) species are widely grown worldwide and their main compounds are anthranoids, tannins, naphthalenes and flavonoids. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes that cause the breakdown of the extracellular matrix and harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays are two important causes of skin ageing. Although there have been many studies on anthraquinones, there are not many studies on their anti-ageing effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the anti-ageing effects of pure compounds isolated from Rumex crispus L. by measuring their MMP inhibitory and sunscreen activities. METHODOLOGY Molecular docking studies on anthranoid, flavonoid, tannin and naphthalene skeletons with MMP enzymes were applied for the first time. Various chromatographic methods were used for isolation studies. The structure elucidation was performed by spectroscopic [UV, infrared (IR), electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] methods. To determine the anti-ageing capacity of compounds, MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13 enzyme inhibitory effects and sun protection factors (SPFs) were investigated for the first time. RESULTS Molecular docking results showed that skeletons had low binding energy to the target and were likely to inhibit MMP enzymes. Then, eight anthraquinones and a naphthalene glycoside were isolated from the underground parts of Rumex crispus L. According to the results, MMP inhibitory effects of compounds were found to be high. In vitro and molecular docking study results confirmed each other. All anthraquinones showed high sun protection and emodin showed highest UV capability with SPF of 30.59. CONCLUSION This study shows that anthraquinones may be evaluated as new potential MMP inhibitors, sun protective and anti-ageing agents.
Collapse
|
69
|
Kim MH, Choi LY, Ahn KS, Um JY, Lee SG, Hahm DH, Yang WM. Gumiganghwal-tang ameliorates cartilage destruction via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113074. [PMID: 32534115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyung-Bang Gumiganghwal-tang tablet (GMGHT) is a standardized Korean Medicine that could treat a cold, headache, arthralgia and fever. Although GMGHT has been used for arthritis-related diseases including a sprain, arthralgia, unspecified arthritis and knee arthritis, there is no pre-clinical evidence to treat osteoarthritis (OA). This study determined the drug dosage and the mechanisms of GMGHT for OA. METHODS OA was induced by intra-articular monoiodoacetic acid (MIA) injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. As calculated from the human equivalent dose formula, GMGHT was orally administered at the doses of 9.86, 98.6 and 986 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The arthritis score was performed by a blind test, and histological changes in articular cartilage were indicated by hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O and toluidine blue staining. SW1353 chondrocytes were stimulated by interleukin (IL)-1β recombinant to analyze the expressions of Type II collagen, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS Rough and punctate surfaces of the femoral condyle induced by MIA, were recovered by the GMGHT treatment. The arthritis score was significantly improved in the 968 mg/kg of GMGHT-treated cartilage. Loss of chondrocytes and proteoglycan were ameliorated at the deep zone of the subchondral bone plate by the GMGHT administration in OA rats. The expression of Type II collagen was increased, while MMP-1, -3 and -13 levels were decreased in the GMGHT-treated SW1353 chondrocytes. In addition, the GMGHT treatment regulated NF-κB activation along with IL-6, transforming growth factor-β and IL-12 production. CONCLUSIONS GMGHT promoted the recovery of articular cartilage damage by inhibiting MMPs, accompanied with its anti-inflammatory effects in OA. GMGHT might be an alternative therapeutic treatment for OA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/enzymology
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Collagen Type II/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Iodoacetic Acid
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/enzymology
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 1/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 3/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/antagonists & inhibitors
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/chemically induced
- Osteoarthritis/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis/prevention & control
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Collapse
|
70
|
Nam DH, Lee KB, Kruchowy E, Pham H, Ge X. Protease Inhibition Mechanism of Camelid-like Synthetic Human Antibodies. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3802-3812. [PMID: 32997500 PMCID: PMC7572768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular protease inhibitors and camelid single-domain antibodies achieve their enzymic inhibition functions often through protruded structures that directly interact with catalytic centers of targeted proteases. Inspired by this phenomenon, we constructed synthetic human antibody libraries encoding long CDR-H3s, from which highly selective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit multiple proteases were discovered. To elucidate their molecular mechanisms, we performed in-depth biochemical characterizations on a panel of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 inhibitory mAbs. Assays included affinity and potency measurements, enzymatic kinetics, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, proteolytic stability, and epitope mapping followed by quantitative analysis of binding energy changes. The results collectively indicated that these mAbs of convex paratopes were competitive inhibitors recognizing the vicinity of the active cleft, with their significant epitopes scattered across the north and south rims of the cleft. Remarkably, identified epitopes were the surface loops that were highly diverse among MMPs and predominately located at the prime side of the proteolytic site, shedding light on the mechanisms of target selectivity and proteolytic resistance. Substrate sequence profiling and paratope mutagenesis further suggested that mAb 3A2 bound to the active-site cleft in a canonical (substrate-like) manner, by direct interactions between 100hNLVATP100m of its CDR-H3 and subsites S1-S5' of MMP-14. Overall, synthetic mAbs carrying convex paratopes can achieve efficient inhibition and thus hold great therapeutic promise for effectively and safely targeting biomedically important proteases.
Collapse
|
71
|
Ye Y, Kuang X, Xie Z, Liang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Ma F, Gao Q, Chang R, Lee HH, Zhao S, Su J, Li H, Peng J, Chen H, Yin M, Peng C, Yang N, Wang J, Liu J, Liu H, Han L, Chen X. Small-molecule MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor SB-3CT modulates tumor immune surveillance by regulating PD-L1. Genome Med 2020; 12:83. [PMID: 32988398 PMCID: PMC7523356 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated considerable clinical benefit in several malignancies, but has shown favorable response in only a small proportion of cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highly associated with the microenvironment of tumors and immune cells. However, it is unknown whether MMPs are involved in immunotherapy. METHODS Here, we used integrative analysis to explore the expression landscape of the MMP family and its association with immune features across multiple cancer types. We used T cell cytotoxicity-mediated tumor killing assay to determine the co-cultured T cell activity of SB-3CT, an MMP2/9 inhibitor. We then used in vitro assays to examine the regulating roles of SB-3CT on PD-L1. We further characterized the efficacy of SB-3CT, in combination with anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA4 treatment in mouse models with melanoma and lung cancer. RESULTS Our computational analysis demonstrated a strong association between MMP2/9 and immune features. We demonstrated that inhibition of MMP2/9 by SB-3CT significantly reduced the tumor burden and improved survival time by promoting anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, we showed that SB-3CT treatment significantly diminished both mRNA and protein levels of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Pre-clinically, SB-3CT treatment enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade in the treatment of both primary and metastatic tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our study unraveled novel molecular mechanisms regarding the regulation of tumor PD-L1 and provided a novel combination therapeutic strategy of SB-3CT and ICB therapy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
72
|
Gömöri K, Szabados T, Kenyeres É, Pipis J, Földesi I, Siska A, Dormán G, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A, Bencsik P. Cardioprotective Effect of Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196990. [PMID: 32977437 PMCID: PMC7582346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently developed novel matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor small molecules for cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury and validated their efficacy in ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiac myocytes. The aim of the present study was to test our lead compounds for cardioprotection in vivo in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the presence or absence of hypercholesterolemia, one of the major comorbidities affecting cardioprotection. Methods: Normocholesterolemic adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion to induce AMI. MMP inhibitors (MMPI)-1154 and -1260 at 0.3, 1, and 3 µmol/kg, MMPI-1248 at 1, 3, and 10 µmol/kg were administered at the 25th min of ischemia intravenously. In separate groups, hypercholesterolemia was induced by a 12-week diet (2% cholesterol, 0.25% cholic acid), then the rats were subjected to the same AMI protocol and single doses of the MMPIs that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were tested in the hypercholesterolemic animals. Infarct size/area at risk was assessed at the end of reperfusion in all groups by standard Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and myocardial microvascular obstruction (MVO) was determined by thioflavine-S staining. Results: MMPI-1154 at 1 µmol/kg, MMPI-1260 at 3 µmol/kg and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) as the positive control reduced infarct size significantly; however, this effect was not seen in hypercholesterolemic animals. MVO in hypercholesterolemic animals decreased by IPC only. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that MMPI-1154 and MMPI-1260 showed a dose-dependent infarct size reduction in an in vivo rat AMI model; however, single doses that showed the most efficacy in normocholesterolemic animals were abolished by hypercholesterolemia. The further development of these promising cardioprotective MMPIs should be continued with different dose ranges in the study of hypercholesterolemia and other comorbidities.
Collapse
|
73
|
Lee ES, Lee EY, Yoon J, Hong A, Nam SJ, Ko J. Sarmentosamide, an Anti-Aging Compound from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. APmarine042. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090463. [PMID: 32927886 PMCID: PMC7551700 DOI: 10.3390/md18090463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive materials have been isolated from marine microorganisms, including alkaloids, peptides, lipids, mycosporine-like amino acids, glycosides, and isoprenoids. Some of these compounds have great potential in the cosmetic industry due to their photo-protective, anti-aging, and anti-oxidant activities. In this study, sarmentosamide (1) was isolated from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. APmarine042, after which its capacity to decrease skin aging was examined in-vitro. Sarmentosamide (1) was found to significantly reduce UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, which are regulatory pathways upstream of MMP-1 transcription. Additionally, we confirmed that sarmentosamide (1) decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), induced MMP-1 secretion in NHDFs, and exhibited free-radical scavenging activity, as demonstrated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Therefore, our study suggests that sarmentosamide (1) could be a promising anti-aging agent that acts via the downregulation of MMP-1 expression.
Collapse
|
74
|
Zofia NŁ, Martyna ZD, Aleksandra Z, Tomasz B. Comparison of the Antiaging and Protective Properties of Plants from the Apiaceae Family. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5307614. [PMID: 32963698 PMCID: PMC7501569 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5307614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant materials play a very significant role as components of products being used both for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Due to the high content of active substances, they can play an important role as extracts with antioxidant, regenerative, and antiaging properties. The skin aging process depends on various pathological and physiological processes, among which the degradation of extracellular matrix biomolecules such as collagen and elastin, which significantly affect the maintenance of good skin condition, is very important. The secondary metabolites and plant extracts may have collagenase and elastase inhibitory activity. This activity is mainly due to the high content of a wide range of various biologically active compounds, such as polyphenols, which include, among others, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols, and tannins. The work involved a comprehensive assessment of the plant from Apiaceae family such as Meum athamanticum L., Centella asiatica L., and Aegopodium podagraria L. extract as a multifunctional raw material. During study antioxidant properties, phenolic compounds and flavonoids content, effect on collagenase and elastase enzyme activity (antiaging effect), cytotoxic properties on skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts), and cell migration capacity were analyzed. It has been shown that the highest antioxidant capacity can be observed for the extract of herb of Aegopodium podagraria L. When the concentration reached 5% all tested extracts had a positive effect on the cell proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. It turned out that the most promising inhibitor of collagenase and elastase enzymes was the extract from Aegopodium podagraria, which inhibits the activity of both enzymes by over 70% in the concentration of 5% positively affecting the condition of skin cells.
Collapse
|
75
|
Idowu TO, Etzrodt V, Seeliger B, Bolanos-Palmieri P, Thamm K, Haller H, David S. Identification of specific Tie2 cleavage sites and therapeutic modulation in experimental sepsis. eLife 2020; 9:e59520. [PMID: 32838837 PMCID: PMC7447424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial Tie2 signaling plays a pivotal role in vascular barrier maintenance at baseline and after injury. We previously demonstrated that a sharp drop in Tie2 expression observed across various murine models of critical illnesses is associated with increased vascular permeability and mortality. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain shedding has recently been recognized as a possible mechanism for Tie2 downregulation in sepsis. Here, we identified the exact MMP14-mediated Tie2 ectodomain cleavage sites and could show that pharmacological MMP14 blockade in experimental murine sepsis exerts barrier protective and anti-inflammatory effects predominantly through the attenuation of Tie2 cleavage to improve survival both in a pre-treatment and rescue approach. Overall, we show that protecting Tie2 shedding might offer a new therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of septic vascular leakage.
Collapse
|