101
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Ibraheem WA, Ibraheem AB, Tjani AM, Oladejo S, Adepoju S, Folohunso B. Tear Film Functions and Intraocular Pressure Changes in Pregnancy. Afr J Reprod Health 2015; 19:118-122. [PMID: 27337861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy related ocular changes are diverse with varied clinical outcome. In a cross-sectional, descriptive case control study, we evaluated tear film functions and intraocular pressure during pregnancy and compared the results with non-pregnant women. A total of 270 participants including 165 healthy pregnant women and 105 non-pregnant who were free from systemic and pre-pregnancy eye diseases were investigated. Snellen's chart, fluorescein dye, No 41 Whatman filter paper, Perkin's tonometer were employed to assess visual acuity, tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test (ST), intraocular pressure (IOP) on all subjects. The mean values for IOP (mmHg), TBUT (seconds) and Schirmer's reading (mm) were: 13.24 ± 2.18, 25.05 ± 9.30, 37.03 ± 17.06 and 14.24 ± 2.66, 22.10 ± 10.81, 50.13 ± 19.10 for cases and controls respectively. Schirmer's reading (SR) was significantly lower among pregnant women. Only age had a statistically significant association with the measured parameters. Our study revealed reduced SR during pregnancy. We suggest routine ocular assessment for pregnant women to forestall deleterious sequelae of dry eye.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify whether vitrectomy is associated with an increased risk of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and to report the incidence of open-angle glaucoma after vitrectomy. METHODS In this retrospective case series of 234 consecutive patients without a history of glaucoma or diabetes undergoing primary unilateral vitrectomy for an idiopathic epiretinal membrane or macular hole with a minimum of 2 years follow-up, mean IOP in operative and fellow eyes were compared at baseline and multiple postoperative times. Eyes were also assessed for the development of open-angle glaucoma. RESULTS The mean baseline IOP was 14.91 mmHg, and the mean final IOP was 14.6 (P = 0.278) in the operative eyes. Linear regression analysis of IOP in operative eyes from baseline to the final visit found an increase of 0.000047 mmHg per year compared with -0.00027 mmHg per year in the fellow eyes with no significant difference in the slope of the 2 regression lines (P = 0.27). Six vitrectomy eyes were diagnosed with new-onset open-angle glaucoma during a mean follow-up of 4.4 years; however, only one was not also diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension in the fellow unoperated eye. CONCLUSION Vitrectomy does not seem to be correlated with increased risk of IOP elevation or glaucoma development in comparison with fellow control eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy W Mi
- *Department of Ophthalmology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland; and †Retina Specialists, Towson, Maryland
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Oddone F, Rossetti L, Tanga L, Berardo F, Ferrazza M, Michelessi M, Roberti G, Manni G, Centofanti M. Effects of Topical Bimatoprost 0.01% and Timolol 0.5% on Circadian IOP, Blood Pressure and Perfusion Pressure in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Randomized, Double Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140601. [PMID: 26484767 PMCID: PMC4615626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the 24-hour (24h) effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and cardiovascular parameters of timolol 0.5% and bimatoprost 0.01% in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive subjects. Methods In this prospective, randomized, double masked, crossover, clinical trial, after washout from previous medications enrolled subjects underwent 24h IOP, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measurements and were randomized to either topical bimatoprost 0.01% at night plus placebo in the morning or to timolol 0.5% bid. After 8 weeks of treatment a second 24h assessment of IOP, BP and HR was performed and then subjects switched to the opposite treatment for additional 8 weeks when a third 24h assessment was performed. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the mean 24h IOP after each treatment. Secondary endpoints included the comparisons of IOP at each timepoint of the 24h curve and the comparison of BP, HR, ocular perfusion pressure and tolerability. Results Mean untreated 24h IOP was 20.3 mmHg (95%CI 19.0 to 21.6). Mean 24h IOP was significantly lower after 8 weeks of treatment with bimatoprost 0.01% than after 8 weeks of treatment with timolol 0.5% bid (15.7 vs 16.8 mmHg, p = 0.0003). Mean IOP during the day hours was significantly reduced from baseline by both drugs while mean IOP during the night hours was reduced by -2.3 mmHg (p = 0.0002) by bimatoprost 0.01% plus placebo and by -1.1 mmHg by timolol 0.5% bid (p = 0.06). Timolol 0.5% significantly reduced the mean 24h systolic BP from baseline, the diastolic BP during the day hours, the HR during the night hours, and the mean 24h systolic ocular perfusion pressure. Conclusion Both Bimatoprost 0.01% and Timolol 0.5% are effective in reducing the mean 24h IOP from an untreated baseline but Bimatoprost 0.01% is more effective than timolol 0.5% throughout the 24h. Timolol 0.5% effect on IOP is reduced during the night hours and is associated with reduced BP, HR and ocular perfusion pressure. Trial Registration EU Clinical Trial Register and EudraCT# 2010-024272-26
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Oddone
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luca Rossetti
- Clinica Oculistica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Via Antonio di Rudinì, 8 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tanga
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Berardo
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferrazza
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuele Michelessi
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Roberti
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Clinical Science and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Centofanti
- Clinical and Research Institute of Ophthalmology IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Science and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
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104
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Xu S, Jiao Q, Cheng Y, Sun J, Lu Q, Zhong Y. Short-Term Reproducibility of Twenty-Four-Hour Intraocular Pressure Curves in Untreated Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140206. [PMID: 26466325 PMCID: PMC4605594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the short-term day-to-day reproducibility of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) curves in various respects in untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) patients. Methods 47 subjects with POAG and 34 subjects with OHT underwent IOP measurements every 2 hours in both eyes for consecutive 48 hours by a non-contact tonometer (NCT). IOP values at each time point were recorded. Mean IOP, peak IOP, time difference of peak IOP between two days and IOP fluctuation were also calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate reproducibility. Results ICCs of the entire IOP values for a complete 24-hour curve were 0.577 and 0.561 in POAG and OHT patients, respectively. ICCs of IOP values at different time points ranged from 0.384 (10am) to 0.686 (4am) in POAG patients and from 0.347 (6am) to 0.760 (4am) in OHT patients. ICCs of mean IOP, peak IOP and IOP fluctuation were respectively 0.832, 0.704, 0.367 in POAG patients and 0.867, 0.816 0.633 in OHT patients. Only 37.23% and 35.29% of the peak IOP time points appeared within the time difference of 2 hours in POAG and OHT patients, respectively, while 53.19% and 48.53% appeared within 4 hours in POAG and OHT patients, respectively. Conclusion A 24-hour IOP curve in a single day is not highly reproducible in short-term and has limited use for evaluating individual IOP condition. Mean IOP and peak IOP for a 24-hour IOP curve are useful parameters in clinical follow-up, while IOP value at a certain time point, IOP fluctuation and peak IOP time point should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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105
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McMonnies C. An examination of the hypothesis that intraocular pressure elevation episodes can have prognostic significance in glaucoma suspects. J Optom 2015; 8:223-31. [PMID: 25199440 PMCID: PMC4591420 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of intraocular pressure reduction in retarding the progression of glaucoma has been demonstrated. This review examines the potential for prognostic advantage for glaucoma suspects in reducing their optic nerve head exposure to elevated intraocular pressure associated with activities which have been shown to elevate intraocular pressure. In this observational study, patients examined at the Centre for Eye Health (University of New South Wales) with a diagnosis of glaucoma suspect were surveyed to determine their histories for participation in activities which are known to elevate intraocular pressure. The evidence regarding the pathological significance of these sources of elevation in susceptible patients was examined. Apart from the universality of sleep-related intraocular pressure elevations, the histories from 183 confirmed glaucoma suspects indicate a wide range and variation in frequency of participation in other intraocular pressure elevating activities. A reduction in exposure to elevated intraocular pressure may improve the prognosis for glaucoma suspects. Additional patient specific assessment of the results of this screening could provide an indication of the degree (frequency, intensity level and duration) of exposure to elevated intraocular pressure. Such information may provide the basis for improving a patient's prognosis by helping them to identify opportunities to reduce such exposure to elevated intraocular pressure. Any benefit of reduction of such exposure appears likely to be greater if activities which elevate intraocular pressure are of long duration, occur frequently, occur over a long period of time, and/or involve high levels of intraocular pressure elevation.
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106
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Jawwad M, Khan B, Shah MA, Qayyum I, Aftab M. RAISED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND RECURRENCE OF RETINAL DETACHMENT AS COMPLICATIONS OF EXTERNAL RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27:798-800. [PMID: 27004326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment may develop raised intraocular pressure and recurrence of retinal detachment when they undergo external retinal detachment surgery. The present study was conducted to determine the postoperative rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) and recurrence of retinal detachment. METHODS The present descriptive study was conducted at Eye department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar on 25 patients of both genders from August 2012 to July 2014. RESULTS Of the 25 patients, 18 (72%) developed raised IOP in the immediate postoperative period; this figure decreased to 12 (48%) at one week. Following medical or surgical intervention in these 12 cases, there was only 1 (4%) case with mildly raised IOP at two weeks postoperative. Five (20%) cases developed recurrent retinal detachment which later resolved with treatment. There were no significant differences by age or gender. CONCLUSION External Retinal Detachment Surgery raised intraocular pressure postoperatively and caused recurrence of retinal detachment. These complications were treated medically and surgically with resolution within two weeks.
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Abstract
Kaatsu training is an exercise method involving the application of pressure to the target muscle, and is being increasingly used in rehabilitation programs for heart disease patients in some hospitals. This method restricts blood flow to the muscles during exercise, and the resultant hypoxia effectively causes muscle hypertrophy and strengthening. However, no medical guidelines or risk factors for its use have been established.We report a case involving a 45-year-old man who suffered from 2 episodes of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), both occurring on the day following a Kaatsu training session.As a characteristic of the CRVO and its subsequent complications, the affected eye lost vision despite treatment. The patient had a history of hypertension and diabetes, and thus was at an increased risk of CRVO. Kaatsu training, which changes the heart rate and serum growth hormone levels, may have triggered the onset of CRVO.This case highlights that underlying medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and the consequent inflammation, could be risk factors for vascular side effects resulting from Kaatsu training. Further studies are required before the medical and recreational use of Kaatsu training become widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ozawa
- From the Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology (YO); Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku (YO, TK, HS, KT), and Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo Japan (TK)
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108
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Denisenko AI. [PECULIARITIES OF PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS IN ENDOVIDEOSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS. Part II. GAS EXCHANGE, MECHANICS OF THE LUNGS, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, FUNCTION OF THE LIVER, KIDNEYS, SELECTION OF ANESTHETICS, INTENSIVE THERAPY, CONTRAINDICATIONS]. Klin Khir 2015:62-67. [PMID: 26591869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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109
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Peace JH, Ahlberg P, Wagner M, Lim JM, Wirta D, Branch JD. Polyquaternium-1-Preserved Travoprost 0.003% or Benzalkonium Chloride-Preserved Travoprost 0.004% for Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:266-274.e1. [PMID: 25935098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate equivalence of polyquaternium-1-preserved travoprost 0.003% with benzalkonium chloride-preserved travoprost 0.004% in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. DESIGN Double-masked, randomized, 2-treatment, equivalence clinical trial. METHODS setting: Multicenter clinical trial conducted in 60 centers in the United States and Europe. PATIENT POPULATION Adult patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. One eye per patient was analyzed. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive polyquaternium-1-preserved travoprost 0.003% (n = 442) or benzalkonium chloride-preserved travoprost 0.004% (n = 422) once daily for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed at 8 AM, 10 AM, and 4 PM at week 2, week 6, and month 3. Supportive outcomes were mean and percent IOP change, percentage of patients achieving IOP <18 mm Hg or ≥30% IOP reduction, and adverse events. RESULTS Mean IOP was similar between groups at all study visits (travoprost 0.003% range, 17.5-18.9 mm Hg; travoprost 0.004% range, 17.4-19.0 mm Hg). Mean change (least squares mean differences, -0.1 to 0.3 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, -0.5 to 0.7 mm Hg) and percentage change (travoprost 0.003%, 28.4%-30.7%; travoprost 0.004%, 28.5%-31.0%) from baseline were comparable. The percentages of patients with IOP <18 mm Hg and ≥30% reduction of IOP were also similar. Hyperemia was the most frequent treatment-related adverse event with both formulations (travoprost 0.003%, 11.8%; travoprost 0.004%, 14.5%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, polyquaternium-1-preserved travoprost 0.003% solution provided equivalent IOP-lowering efficacy to that of benzalkonium chloride-preserved travoprost 0.004%.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Peace
- United Medical Research Institute, Inglewood, California.
| | - Peter Ahlberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden
| | | | | | - David Wirta
- Eye Research Foundation, Newport Beach, California
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Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies, characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells related to the level of intraocular pressure and other factors. The exact pathogenesis of glaucoma is not known, and current therapeutic options are not sufficient to prevent or recover vision loss in glaucoma patients. Functional, repeatable, and easy-to-use animal models are therefore needed. Because of their inherent advantages, rodent animals, including mice and rats, have been widely developed as models to study various aspects of glaucoma and to evaluate possible novel therapies. However, no single model has been shown to emulate all aspects of glaucoma. In this review, we discuss currently available rodent animal models of glaucoma, their strengths and weaknesses, and the possible implications for current glaucoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chen
- From the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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111
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Li H, Wu Z. [Research advances on relationship between ocular perfusion pressure fluctuations and glaucoma]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51:477-480. [PMID: 26310124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the main risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. The major treatment is to reduce the intraocular pressure. However, the damage of optic nerve may continue to progress despite lowering patients' IOP to the target levels. High ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) fluctuations could have detrimental effects in eyes with glaucoma which confirmed that vascular factor is one of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This review article discussed the research progress of relationship between ocular perfusion pressure and glaucoma including its definition, calculation, epidemiological studies, fluctuation and autoregulation. We also discussed whether it was secondary to changes in intraocular pressure, blood pressure or both. We expect ocular perfusion pressure fluctuations could provide evidence for evaluating glaucoma progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Armed Police General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China;
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112
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Valiente-Soriano FJ, Salinas-Navarro M, Jiménez-López M, Alarcón-Martínez L, Ortín-Martínez A, Bernal-Garro JM, Avilés-Trigueros M, Agudo-Barriuso M, Villegas-Pérez MP, Vidal-Sanz M. Effects of ocular hypertension in the visual system of pigmented mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121134. [PMID: 25811653 PMCID: PMC4374934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of ocular hypertension (OHT) on the visual system of C57BL/6 pigmented mice, the limbal and episcleral veins of the left eye were laser photocoagulated (LP). LP increased the intraocular pressure during the first five days (d), reaching basal values at 7d. To investigate the effect of OHT on the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) retrograde axonal transport, hydroxistilbamidine methanesulfonate (OHSt) was applied to both superior colliculi (SCi) and the retinas were dissected 2 or 4 weeks after LP. To determine RGC survival, these same retinas were immunoreacted against Brn3a (general RGC population) and melanopsin (intrinsically photosensitive RGCs, m+RGCs). To study whether OHT affected non-RGC neurons in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), RGCs were immunodetected with Brn3a and all GCL nuclei counterstained with DAPI in a group of animals examined 4 weeks post-LP. Innervation of the SCi was examined at 10 days, 8 or 14 weeks after LP with the orthogradely transported cholera toxin subunit-B. OHT resulted in diffuse and sectorial loss of OHSt+RGCs (50% at 2 weeks and 62% at 4 weeks) and in a comparable loss of Brn3a+RGCs at the same time intervals. m+RGCs decreased to 59% at 2 weeks and to 46% at 4 weeks, such loss was diffuse, did not parallel the sectorial loss of the general RGC population and was more severe in the superior-temporal retina. In the GCL, cell loss is selective for RGCs and does not affect other non-RGC neurons. The retinotectal innervation appeared significantly reduced at 10 days (55.7%) and did not progress further up to 14 weeks (46.6%). Thus, LP-induced OHT results in retrograde degeneration of RGCs and m+RGCs, as well as in the loss of CTB-labelled retinotectal terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Valiente-Soriano
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Salinas-Navarro
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Alarcón-Martínez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arturo Ortín-Martínez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José M. Bernal-Garro
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María P. Villegas-Pérez
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia. 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIB-Arrixaca) 30.100 Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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113
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Zhang C. Influence of local application of glaucoma medications-travoprost eye drops on patients' tear film function. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:781-784. [PMID: 25796154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study discussed about the influence of local application of glaucoma medications -- travoprost eye drops to patients' tear film function. We selected 24 patients, 45 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma or intraocular hypertension. All of the patients topically used the travoprost eye drops for one time every night. After and before the pharmacy, we proceeded 1, 2, 3 mo lines symptom score and Schirmer's test (St), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), breakup time of tear film (BUT). Average value of symptom score and FL of all the patients before pharmacy were 1.32 ± 1. 55, 0.42 ± 0.68, and 1, 2, 3mo after pharmacy were respectively 2.68 ± 1.59, 0.96 ± 0.81; 4.97 ± 1.62, 1.46 ± 0.62; 6.21 ± 1.33, 1.88 ± 0.44. Symptom score and FL of 1, 2, 3 mo patients after pharmacy were all prominent higher than it before pharmacy (P=0.00), and it gradually increased. The average value of patients symptom BUT and St before pharmacy were (7.71 ± 0.87s), (8.32 ± 2.63mm /5min) and 1, 2, 3 mo after pharmacy were respectively (6.93 ± 1.17s), (7.69 ± 3. 33mm /5min); (5.48 ± 1.29s), (6.79 ± 2.94mm /5min); (4.33 ± 1.83s), (5.98 ± 3.11mm/5min). BUT and St value after pharmacy were prominent all lower than the level before pharmacy (P=0.00). And it gradually reduced. Short-term use of travoprost eye drops would aggravate the corneal irritation of patients, and decrease the tear film stability and tear secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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114
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Liu W, Xing X, Ji J. [Posture change and intraocular pressure fluctuation]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2015; 51:146-150. [PMID: 25908006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of glaucoma is complicated and multifactorial, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the most important known risk factor. The higher the IOP and the larger the IOP fluctuation, the more damage to the optic nerve. IOP fluctuation can be affected by many factors, such as emotion, exercise and circadian rhythm, etc. Recently, the effects of postural change on IOP fluctuation are receiving more and more attention. This article reviews the effects of different body positions on IOP fluctuation, the effects of surgery, medications and aging on posture-induced IOP fluctuation and the effects of postural change on IOP fluctuation of certain special groups. The possible mechanisms of posture-induced IOP fluctuation are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, TMU, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaoli Xing
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, TMU, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, TMU, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Emre E, Yüksel N, Duruksu G, Pirhan D, Subaşi C, Erman G, Karaöz E. Neuroprotective effects of intravitreally transplanted adipose tissue and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in an experimental ocular hypertension model. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:543-59. [PMID: 25618560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of bone marrow bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that were intravitreally transplanted in an experimental ocular hypertension (OHT) model. METHODS An OHT rat model was generated by means of intracameral injection of hyaluronic acid into the anterior chamber. MSCs labeled with green fluorescence protein were transplanted intravitreally 1 week after OHT induction. At the end of the second and fourth weeks, retinal ganglion cells were visualized with the use of a flat-mount retina method and were evaluated by means of immunofluorescence staining against green fluorescence protein, vimentin, CD105, and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1Ra, prostaglandin E2 receptor, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α). RESULTS The retinal ganglion cell numbers per area were significantly improved in stem cell-treated OHT groups compared with that in the non-treated OHT group (P < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemical analyses indicated that a limited number of stem cells had integrated into the ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer. The number of cells expressing proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α) decreased in the MSC-transferred group compared with that in the OHT group after 4 weeks (P < 0.01). On the other hand, IL-1Ra and prostaglandin E2 receptor expressions were increased in the rat bone marrow-derived MSC group but were more significant in the rat adipose tissue-derived MSC group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS After intravitreal transplantation, MSCs showed a neuroprotective effect in the rat OHT model. Therefore, MSCs promise an alternative therapy approach for functional recovery in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Emre
- Department of Ophthalmology, Çerkezköy State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Nurşen Yüksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Dilara Pirhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cansu Subaşi
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (Liv MedCell) Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Erman
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research & Manufacturing (Liv MedCell) Istanbul, Turkey
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116
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Shin J, Lee JW, Kim EA, Caprioli J. The effect of corneal biomechanical properties on rebound tonometer in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:144-54. [PMID: 25308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with the ICare, and to compare IOP readings obtained with ICare, Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and normal subjects. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study. METHODS IOP was measured with ICare, ORA, and GAT. All subjects had corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF), which were measured with ORA; and central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length, spherical equivalent, and keratometry. RESULTS This study enrolled 97 eyes of 97 NTG patients and 89 eyes of 89 normal subjects. CCT, CH, and CRF in NTG patients were significantly lower than those in normal subjects (P = .033, P = .006, and P = .003). The difference in IOP between techniques was highly significant in NTG patients (P < .001), while there was no significant difference in IOP values between techniques in normal controls (P = .931). ICare readings were significantly lower than corneal-compensated IOP in NTG patients (P = .014). CH and CRF were significantly associated with IOP measurements with ICare in NTG and normal subjects (P < .001). The greater difference between IOPcc and ICare in NTG patients was significantly influenced by the lower CH (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Since ICare is a convenient way to measure IOP, ICare is a reasonable option as an alternative tonometer in NTG patients. However, the clinician must consider that the corneal biomechanical characteristics in NTG can cause ICare to underestimate IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Caprioli
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Bogomolov VV, Kuzmin MP, Danilichev SN. [ON THE INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION IN ASTRONAUTS DURING LONG-TERM MICROGRAVITY]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med 2015; 49:54-58. [PMID: 26554136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Danias J, Serle J. Can Visual Field Progression be Predicted by Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopic Imaging of the Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma? (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2015; 113:T4. [PMID: 26549913 PMCID: PMC4622448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopic imaging (Heidelberg retinal tomography [HRT]) can predict visual field change in glaucoma. METHODS The study included 561 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension whose clinical course was followed at the Mount Sinai Faculty practice. Humphrey visual fields (HVFs) and HRT images were collected on one randomly selected eye per patient. Glaucoma progression was determined by the presence of two sequential statistically significant negative slopes in mean deviation (MD) or visual field index (VFI) at any point during the study period. Trend-based analysis on HRT parameters was used to determine progressive changes and whether these occurred before or after HVF change. Sensitivity and specificity of HRT to predict HVF change were calculated. HVF rate of change was correlated to the rate of change detected by HRT imaging. RESULTS Approximately 17% of patients progressed by either MD or VFI criteria. MD and VFI correlated highly and identified overlapping sets of patients as progressing. HRT global parameters had poor sensitivity (∼42%) and moderate specificity (∼67%) to predict HVF progression. Regional stereometric parameters were more sensitive (69%-78%) but significantly less specific (24%-27%). Sensitivity of global stereometric parameters in detecting HVF change was not significantly affected by the level of visual field damage (P=.3, Fisher exact test). HVF rate of change did not correlate with rate of change of HRT parameters. CONCLUSIONS Trend-based analysis of HRT parameters has poor sensitivity and specificity in predicting HVF change. This may be related specifically to HRT imaging or may reflect the fact that in some patients with glaucoma, functional changes precede structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Danias
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, and the SUNY Eye Institute
| | - Janet Serle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Natt NK, Gupta A, Singh G, Singh T. A pharmacoeconomic analysis to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of bimatoprost 0.03% eye drops and brimonidine 0.2% eye drops in patients of primary open-angle glaucoma/ocular hypertension. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:1136-40. [PMID: 25579357 PMCID: PMC4313493 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim was to compare efficacy and cost-effectiveness of bimatoprost 0.03% and brimonidine 0.2% in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)/ocular hypertension (OHT). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Open, randomized, cross-over, comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients of POAG or OHT with intraocular pressure (IOP) <30 mm Hg were included in the study after a written informed consent. The patients were divided randomly into two groups of 20 patients each. Patients of group A were administered bimatoprost 0.03% eye drops once daily, and those of group B brimonidine 0.2% eye drops twice daily for a period of 4 weeks. After a washout period of 4 weeks, the patients were crossed over that is, group A was administered brimonidine 0.2% and group B bimatoprost 0.03%. Fall in IOP at 4 weeks was recorded. The daily cost of each drug was calculated by maximum retail price and the average number of drops per bottle. The cost-effectiveness was then calculated as the cost of drug/mm Hg fall in IOP. STATISTICS Independent samples t-test was used to compare the efficacy of both drugs. RESULTS IOP lowering with bimatoprost (8.9 ± 1.598 mm Hg) was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than brimonidine (6.55 ± 1.26 mm Hg). The number of drops/ml were 33.43 ± 0.52 and 25.49 ± 0.26, respectively, for bimatoprost and brimonidine. Treatment with bimatoprost was costlier than brimonidine with daily costs/eye Rs. 4.02 ± 0.06 and 3.14 ± 0.03, yearly costs/eye Rs. 1467.46 ± 20.74 and 1147.75 ± 11.15, respectively. Bimatoprost was more cost-effective than brimonidine with the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) respectively Rs. 13.10 ± 2.61/mm Hg and Rs. 13.96 ± 2.86/mm Hg. Incremental CER Rs. 10.43/mm Hg implies lower costs/mm Hg extra IOP lowering by bimatoprost than Rs. 13.96 for brimonidine. CONCLUSION In spite of being costlier, bimatoprost is more efficacious and cost-effective than brimonidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navreet Kaur Natt
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, CHC Manawala, SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - G Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - T Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, India
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Khan AK, Tse DY, van der Heijden ME, Shah P, Nusbaum DM, Yang Z, Wu SM, Frankfort BJ. Prolonged elevation of intraocular pressure results in retinal ganglion cell loss and abnormal retinal function in mice. Exp Eye Res 2014; 130:29-37. [PMID: 25450059 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of prolonged intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation on retinal anatomy and function in a mouse model of experimental glaucoma. IOP was elevated by anterior chamber injection of a fixed combination of polystyrene beads and sodium hyaluronate, and maintained via re-injection after 24 weeks. IOP was measured weekly with a rebound tonometer for 48 weeks. Histology was assessed with a combination of retrograde labeling and antibody staining. Retinal physiology and function was assessed with dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs). Comparisons between bead-injected animals and various controls were conducted at both 24 and 48 weeks after bead injection. IOP was elevated throughout the study. IOP elevation resulted in a reduction of retinal ganglion cell (RGCs) and an increase in axial length at both 24 and 48 weeks after bead injection. The b-wave amplitude of the ERG was increased to the same degree in bead-injected eyes at both time points, similar to previous studies. The positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitude, a measure of RGC electrical function, was diminished at both 24 and 48 weeks when normalized to the increased b-wave amplitude. At 48 weeks, the pSTR amplitude was reduced even without normalization, suggesting more profound RGC dysfunction. We conclude that injection of polystyrene beads and sodium hyaluronate causes chronic IOP elevation which results in phenotypes of stable b-wave amplitude increase and progressive pSTR amplitude reduction, as well as RGC loss and axial length elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kareem Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Y Tse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Meike E van der Heijden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priya Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Derek M Nusbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel M Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Liehneová I, Karlovská S. [The glaucoma pharmacological treatment and biomechanical properties of the cornea]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2014; 70:167-176. [PMID: 25640039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the impact of long-term use of intraocular pressure lowering medication on the biomechanical properties of the cornea. MATERIAL AND METHODS Group of 305 eyes of 154 patients newly diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG, n = 68) or ocular hypertension (OH, n = 6) was enrolled in prospective cohort study. The control group was established of 80 untreated eyes of 40 patients with ocular hypertension and 80 eyes of 40 patients with no ocular pathology. Following parameters were evaluated: intraocular pressure (IOPg,IOPcc), hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF) and central corneal thickness (CCT). The parameters were evaluated at baseline (untreated) and in follow up periods of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The same schedule was used for eyes in the control group. Eyes with POAG or OH were sorted into two groups depending on the type of applied medication: prostaglandin analogues, carboanhydrase inhibitors alone or combined with betablockers. RESULTS We did not prove any statistically significant difference in hysteresis in patients with newly diagnosed POAG (yet untreated) in comparison with normal eyes in control group (p = 0.238). We proved significantly higher values of CRF (p = 0.032) and CCT (p = 0.013) in the control group of untreated patients with ocular hypertension. This result confirms higher number of patients with stiffer and thicker corneas. Statistically significant difference of CH and CRF was proved (p < 0.0001) in eyes treated by prostaglandin analogues during follow up period. In these eyes we also demonstrated reduction of CCT (p < 0.001). We did not record any other statistically significant change in remaining followed parameters. CONCLUSION Increase of CH and CRF can show change of biomechanical properties of the cornea after long-term use of prostaglandin analogues. The biomechanical properties of the cornea were not impacted by carboanhydrase inhibitors. Further studies are required to establish the effect of long-term use prostaglandin analogues on accuracy of IOP measurements.
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122
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Yun H, Lathrop KL, Yang E, Sun M, Kagemann L, Fu V, Stolz DB, Schuman JS, Du Y. A laser-induced mouse model with long-term intraocular pressure elevation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107446. [PMID: 25216052 PMCID: PMC4162591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop and characterize a mouse model with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after laser photocoagulation on the trabecular meshwork (TM), which may serve as a model to investigate the potential of stem cell-based therapies for glaucoma. Methods IOP was measured in 281 adult C57BL/6 mice to determine normal IOP range. IOP elevation was induced unilaterally in 50 adult mice, by targeting the TM through the limbus with a 532-nm diode laser. IOP was measured up to 24 weeks post-treatment. The optic nerve damage was detected by electroretinography and assessed by semiautomatic counting of optic nerve axons. Effects of laser treatment on the TM were evaluated by histology, immunofluorescence staining, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The average IOP of C57BL/6 mice was 14.5±2.6 mmHg (Mean ±SD). After laser treatment, IOP averaged above 20 mmHg throughout the follow-up period of 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, 57% of treated eyes had elevated IOP with the mean IOP of 22.5±2.5 mmHg (Mean ±SED). The difference of average axon count (59.0%) between laser treated and untreated eyes was statistically significant. Photopic negative response (PhNR) by electroretinography was significantly decreased. CD45+ inflammatory cells invaded the TM within 1 week. The expression of SPARC was increased in the TM from 1 to 12 weeks. Histology showed the anterior chamber angle open after laser treatment. OCT indicated that most of the eyes with laser treatment had no synechia in the anterior chamber angles. TEM demonstrated disorganized and compacted extracellular matrix in the TM. Conclusions An experimental murine ocular hypertension model with an open angle and optic nerve axon loss was produced with laser photocoagulation, which could be used to investigate stem cell-based therapies for restoration of the outflow pathway integrity for ocular hypertension or glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kira L. Lathrop
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Enzhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Larry Kagemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Valeria Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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123
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Belousova NI. [Current therapeutic possibilities for uveal ocular hypertension]. Vestn Oftalmol 2014; 130:74-77. [PMID: 25711067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with three antiglaucoma agents (dorzolamide + brimonidine/timolol) for uveal ocular hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 20 patients with anterior uveitis complicated by intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Besides standard anti-inflammatory agents, the treatment included IOP-lowering instillations, namely dorzolamide 2% 3 times daily and timolol 0.5% 2 times daily. Those patients whose IOP remained uncompensated were then switched to a three-drug regimen: dorzolamide 2% 3 times daily and a fixed combination of brimonidine 0.2%, an aLPHA2-receptor agonist, and timolol 0.5%, a 3-blocker, 2 times daily (Combigan, Allergan). IOP was measured with Maklakov tonometer three times during the day before the treatment and then three times daily while performing the two- or three-drug combination therapy. RESULTS The mean initial IOP was 34.57 +/- 0.09 mmHg with daily fluctuations of 5.2 +/- 0.08 mmHg. After starting the unfixed combination therapy (dorzolamide + timolol) the mean IOP decreased by 7.86 +/- 0.07 mmHg. Switching to the three-drug therapy (dorzolamide+ brimonidine/timolol) enabled an additional decrease in IOP by 5.43 +/- 0.06 mmHg. Thus, with the new regimen the total decrease in IOP averaged 13.29 +/- 0.09 mmHg with daily fluctuations of 2.5?0.06 mmHg, which ensured that the target IOP was achieved in all patients. All the drugs were well-tolerated. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with three antiglaucoma agents in the form of two medications--dorzolamide 2% and brimonidine/timolol fixed combination (Combigan)--is shown to be effective in uveal ocular hypertension patients.
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Kang JH, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Relation between time spent outdoors and exfoliation glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma suspect. Am J Ophthalmol 2014; 158:605-14.e1. [PMID: 24857689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relation between time spent outdoors at various life periods and risk of exfoliation glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma suspect. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study in the United States. METHODS Participants (49 033 women in the Nurses Health Study and 20 066 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study) were 60+ years old, were free of glaucoma and cataract, reported eye examinations, and completed questions about time spent outdoors in direct sunlight at midday at 3 life periods: high school to age 24 years, age 25-35 years, and age 36-59 years (asked in 2006 in women and 2008 in men). Participants were followed biennially with mailed questionnaires from 1980 women/1986 men to 2010. Incident cases (223 women and 38 men) were confirmed with medical records. Cohort-specific multivariable-adjusted rate ratios from Cox proportional hazards models were estimated and pooled with meta-analysis. RESULTS Although no association was observed with greater time spent outdoors in the ages of 25-35 or ages 36-59 years, the pooled multivariable-adjusted rate ratios for ≥11 hours per week spent outdoors in high school to age 24 years compared with ≤5 hours per week was 2.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.30, 3.08; P for linear trend = .001). In women, this association was stronger in those who resided in the southern geographic tier in young adulthood (P for interaction = .07). CONCLUSIONS Greater time spent outdoors in young adulthood was associated with risk of exfoliation glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma suspect, supporting an etiologic role of early exposures to climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Kang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Louis R Pasquale
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
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125
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Lv B, Wang R, Gao X, Dong X, Ji X. Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on retinal ganglion cells of rats with chronic intraocular hypertension. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5717-5724. [PMID: 25337213 PMCID: PMC4203184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in retina and the protective effect of VEGF on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats with chronic elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) and it's potential mechanism. METHODS 30 females Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: EIOP + VEGF group (A), EIOP + vehicle group (B) and sham operated + VEGF group (C). The EIOP was introduced by obstructing episcleral veins in Group A and Group B. In the Group C, only the bulber conjunctiva was opened without obstructing episcleral veins. Immediately after surgery, rats in the Group A and Group C were intravitreously injected with 2 μL of VEGF. In the Group B, rats were intravitreously treated with 2 μL of normal saline. At 3 and 14 days after injection, animals were sacrificed and the eyes were collected for preparation of frozen sections. RESULTS After surgery, the IOP increased significantly in the Group A and Group B. There was no significant difference in the IOP at day 3 and day 14 after operation. The PEDF expression in the Group A and Group B was higher than that in the Group C. TUNEL staining showed the apoptotic RGCs markedly reduced after VEGF treatment when compared with rats without treatment. CONCLUSION Intravitreal treatment with VEGF may reduce the apoptosis of RGCs in rats with chronic intraocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Lv
- 474 Hospital of PLA Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Ruifu Wang
- 474 Hospital of PLA Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- 474 Hospital of PLA Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Xiaoyun Dong
- 474 Hospital of PLA Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830013, China
| | - Xiuxiang Ji
- 474 Hospital of PLA Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830013, China
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Jonas JB, Wang N, Wang YX, You QS, Yang D, Xu L. Ocular hypertension: general characteristics and estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The Beijing Eye Study 2011. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100533. [PMID: 24988292 PMCID: PMC4079553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine characteristics of ocular hypertensive subjects and potential associations with estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (estCSFP). Methods The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6±9.8 years. Ocular hypertension was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg, normal optic nerve head appearance and normal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. IOP was corrected for its dependence on central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal curvature radius. Estimated CSFP was calculated as CSFP [mmHg] = 0.44×Body Mass Index [kg/m2]+0.16×Diastolic Blood Pressure [mmHg]−0.18×Age [Years]−1.91. Estimated trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (estTLCPD) was IOP–estCSFP. Results EstCSFP (10.5±3.6 mmHg versus 9.0±3.7 mmHg; P = 0.003) and estTLCPD (12.0±4.4 mmHg versus 5.4±3.8 mmHg; P<0.001) were higher in the ocular hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. In binary regression analysis, ocular hypertension was associated with increased estCSFP (P = 0.03; odds ratio (OR): 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.17) after adjusting for prevalence of arterial hypertension (P = 0.07; OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 0.96, 3.34), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P = 0.03; OR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.997) and blood glucose concentration (P = 0.006; OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.30). Conclusions Ocular hypertensive subjects (with IOP correction for CCT and corneal curvature) as compared to ocular normotensive subjects had a significantly higher estCSFP in univariate analysis and in multivariate analysis. Despite of a higher estCSFP, estTLCPD was still markedly higher in ocular hypertensive eyes than in ocular normotensive eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sheng You
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Diya Yang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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De Moraes CG, Demirel S, Gardiner SK, Liebmann JM, Cioffi GA, Ritch R, Gordon MO, Kass MA. Rate of visual field progression in eyes with optic disc hemorrhages in the ocular hypertension treatment study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 130:1541-6. [PMID: 23229692 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare rates of visual field (VF) change in ocular hypertensive eyes with and without optic dischemorrhage (DH). METHODS Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study subjects(minimum 10 reliable VF tests, followed up 5 years) were included. Trend analyses of VF sequences over time of DH and non-DH eyes were assessed by regression of mean deviation (MDR) and pointwise linear regression (PLR). The main outcome measures were rates of VF change in DH and non-DH eyes. RESULTS Two thousand six hundred seven eyes (1378 participants) were included. The mean (SD) number of VF tests per eye was 23.7 (4.9) spanning a mean (SD) of 12.2 (2.0) years. At least 1 DH was detected in 187 eyes(7.2%), of which 52 eyes had recurrent DH. Mean deviation rate of change was significantly worse in DH compared with non-DH eyes (mean [SD], −0.17 [0.27] vs−0.07 [0.19] dB/y; P<.01). Significant PLR progression occurred more frequently in eyes with DH (odds ratio,3.6; P<.01), which increased when 2 or more DHs were present (odds ratio, 4.2; P=.01). Eyes initially randomized to treatment were less likely to have a DH during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Eyes with DH had more rapid VF deterioration when assessed by global (MDR) or local (PLR)trend analysis than eyes without DH. Eyes with recurrent DH had similar rates of global VF change (MDR)when compared with eyes with a single DH but reached criteria for rapid PLR change more often. Intraocular pressure reduction in ocular hypertension reduces the risk of developing a DH. Ocular hypertensive eyes with DH should be monitored closely and may need more aggressive therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000125
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Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Injury of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) accounts for visual impairment of glaucoma. Here, we report rapamycin protects RGCs from death in experimental glaucoma model and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that treatment with rapamycin dramatically promote RGCs survival in a rat chronic ocular hypertension model. This protective action appears to be attributable to inhibition of neurotoxic mediators release and/or direct suppression of RGC apoptosis. In support of this mechanism, in vitro, rapamycin significantly inhibits the production of NO, TNF-α in BV2 microglials by modulating NF-κB signaling. In experimental animals, treatment with rapamycin also dramatically inhibited the activation of microglials. In primary RGCs, rapamycin was capable of direct suppression the apoptosis of primary RGCs induced by glutamate. Mechanistically, rapamycin-mediated suppression of RGCs apoptosis is by sparing phosphorylation of Akt at a site critical for maintenance of its survival-promoting activity in cell and animal model. These results demonstrate that rapamycin is neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma, possibly via decreasing neurotoxic releasing and suppressing directly apoptosis of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Guidoboni G, Harris A, Carichino L, Arieli Y, Siesky BA. Effect of intraocular pressure on the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery: a mathematical model. Math Biosci Eng 2014; 11:523-546. [PMID: 24506550 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal hemodynamics plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases. There are clear evidences that the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery (CRA) is strongly affected by the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), which is the pressure inside the eye globe. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs are still elusive. The main goal of this paper is to develop a mathematical model that combines the mechanical action of IOP and the blood flow in the CRA to elucidate the mechanisms through which IOP elevation affects the CRA hemodynamics. Our model suggests that the development of radial compressive regions in the lamina cribrosa (a collagen structure in the optic nerve pierced by the CRA approximately in its center) might be responsible for the clinically-observed blood velocity reduction in the CRA following IOP elevation. The predictions of the mathematical model are in very good agreement with experimental and clinical data. Our model also identifies radius and thickness of the lamina cribrosa as major factors affecting the IOP-CRA relationship, suggesting that anatomical differences among individuals might lead to different hemodynamic responses to IOP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Guidoboni
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Sigal IA, Grimm JL, Schuman JS, Kagemann L, Ishikawa H, Wollstein G. A method to estimate biomechanics and mechanical properties of optic nerve head tissues from parameters measurable using optical coherence tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2014; 33:1381-1389. [PMID: 24691117 PMCID: PMC5544498 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2014.2312133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optic nerve head (ONH) tissue properties and biomechanics remain mostly unmeasurable in the experiment. We hypothesized that these can be estimated numerically from ocular parameters measurable in vivo with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Using parametric models representing human ONHs we simulated acute intraocular pressure (IOP) increases (10 mmHg). Statistical models were fit to predict, from OCT-measurable parameters, 15 outputs, including ONH tissue properties, stresses, and deformations. The calculations were repeated adding parameters that have recently been proposed as potentially measurable with OCT. We evaluated the sensitivity of the predictions to variations in the experimental parameters. Excellent fits were obtained to predict all outputs from the experimental parameters, with cross-validated R2s between 0.957 and 0.998. Incorporating the potentially measurable parameters improved fits significantly. Predictions of tissue stiffness were accurate to within 0.66 MPa for the sclera and 0.24 MPa for the lamina cribrosa. Predictions of strains and stresses were accurate to within 0.62% and 4.9 kPa, respectively. Estimates of ONH biomechanics and tissue properties can be obtained quickly from OCT measurements using an applet that we make freely available. These estimates may improve understanding of the eye sensitivity to IOP and assessment of patient risk for development or progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. L. Grimm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - J. S. Schuman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA, and also with the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Science, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA, and also with the Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - L. Kagemann
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - H. Ishikawa
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - G. Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA, and also with the Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Lim JKH, Nguyen CTO, He Z, Vingrys AJ, Bui BV. The effect of ageing on ocular blood flow, oxygen tension and retinal function during and after intraocular pressure elevation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98393. [PMID: 24866182 PMCID: PMC4035318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of ageing on the recovery of ocular blood flow, intravitreal oxygen tension and retinal function during and after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. METHODS Long Evans rats (3- and 14-month-old) underwent acute stepwise IOP elevation from 10 to 120 mmHg (5 mmHg steps each 3 minutes). IOP was then returned to baseline and recovery was monitored for 2 hours. Photopic electroretinograms (ERG) were recorded at each IOP step during stress and at each minute during recovery. Ocular blood flow and vitreal oxygen tension (pO2) were assayed continuously and simultaneously using a combined laser Doppler flow meter (LDF) and an oxygen sensitive fibre-optic probe, respectively. The combined sensor was placed in the vitreous chamber, proximal to the retina. Data were binned into 3 minute intervals during stress and 1 min intervals during recovery. Recovery data was described using a bi-logistic function. RESULTS Rats of both ages showed similar susceptibility to IOP elevation, with pO2 showing a closer relationship to ERG than LDF. During recovery, both ages showed a distinctive two-phased recovery for all three measures with the exception of the LDF in 3-month-old rats, which showed only 1 phase. In all animals, LDF recovered fastest (<1 minute), followed by pO2 (<10 minute) and ERG (>1 hour). 14-month-old rats showed surprisingly faster and greater LDF recovery compared to the younger group, with similar levels of pO2 recovery. However, the ERG in these middle-aged animals did not fully recover after two hours, despite showing no difference in susceptibility to IOP during stress compared to the young group. CONCLUSIONS Young and middle-aged eyes showed similar susceptibility to IOP elevation in terms of pO2, LDF and ERG. Despite this lack of difference during stress, older eyes did not completely recover function, suggesting a more subtle age-related susceptibility to IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K. H. Lim
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine T. O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Algis J. Vingrys
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Choi JA, Han K, Kwon HS. Association between urinary albumin excretion and intraocular pressure in type 2 diabetic patients without renal impairment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96335. [PMID: 24788677 PMCID: PMC4008590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and intraocular pressure (IOP) in type 2 diabetes patients without renal impairment. Methods We explored the effects of albuminuria on high IOP in 402 non-glaucomatous type 2 diabetes without renal impairment who participated in the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between log-transformed albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) tertiles and an IOP of ≥18 mmHg after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, body mass index, triglycerides, area of residence, and education level. Results Subjects with a high IOP ≥18 mmHg were more likely to be current smokers (P = 0.038), heavy drinkers (P = 0.006), and to have high systolic blood pressure (P = 0.016), triglycerides (P = 0.008), and a higher log-transformed ACR (P = 0.022).In multivariate regression analysis, ACR tertile was associated with the prevalence of high IOP significantly (P = 0.022). The associations between ACR tertiles and high IOP were significant in overweight patients and those with abdominal obesity (P = 0.003 and 0.003, respectively). In contrast, there were no associations in the subgroup of patients who were not overweight and those without abdominal obesity (P = 0.291 and 0.561, respectively). Conclusions Urinary albumin excretion is associated with high IOP in the type 2 diabetes population without renal insufficiency. The effect of the albuminuria on IOP was evident in a subgroup of patients with components of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A. Choi
- St. Vincent Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- St. Vincent Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sakamoto M, Kanamori A, Fujihara M, Yamada Y, Nakamura M, Negi A. Assessment of IcareONE rebound tonometer for self-measuring intraocular pressure. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:243-8. [PMID: 23586927 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the precision of the IcareONE rebound tonometer, which was developed for self-measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) and to compare IcareONE measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). METHODS Twenty-four healthy eyes and 81 glaucomatous eyes were enrolled. IOP measurements (three times per session) with IcareONE were made in a random order by an ophthalmologist (Icare(O)) and by the subject (Icare(S)). Intraclass correlation coefficients (CCs), kappa values and mean values of IOP were compared among the two types of Icare recordings and GAT. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between methods. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the subject factors that influenced the discordant measurements between IcareONE and GAT. RESULTS The mean value of Icare(O) and Icare(S) measurements was 13.5±5.2 and 13.5±5.4 mmHg, respectively, neither of which was significantly different from GAT (13.8±4.4). The intrarater CC of Icare(O) and Icare(S) was 0.968 and 0.885, respectively. The intermethod CC and weighted kappa between Icare(O) and Icare(S) were 0.907 and 0.684, respectively. All pairwise correlations between the two types of IOP measurement showed coefficients of determination >0.8. Bland-Altman analysis did not show any proportional biases. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the differences between GAT and Icare(O) or Icare(S) were positively correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) and negatively correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Intraocular pressure measurements with IcareONE by a physician and by the subject showed excellent agreement with GAT measurements; IcareONE measurements between a physician and the subject had high intrarater reliability, and good agreement thicker CCT led IcareONE measurement to overestimate IOP, while higher age caused it to underestimate IOP compared with GAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sakamoto
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Kim SY, Shim MS, Kim KY, Weinreb RN, Wheeler LA, Ju WK. Inhibition of cyclophilin D by cyclosporin A promotes retinal ganglion cell survival by preventing mitochondrial alteration in ischemic injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1105. [PMID: 24603333 PMCID: PMC3973219 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) by interacting with cyclophilin D (CypD) and ameliorates neuronal cell death in the central nervous system against ischemic injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CypD/MPTP opening-mediated cell death in ischemic retinal injury induced by acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation remain unknown. We observed the first direct evidence that acute IOP elevation significantly upregulated CypD protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA prevented the upregulation of CypD protein expression and promoted retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival against ischemic injury. Moreover, CsA blocked apoptotic cell death by decreasing cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in ischemic retina. Of interest, although the expression level of Bcl-xL protein did not show a significant change in ischemic retina treated with vehicle or CsA at 12 h, ischemic damage induced the reduction of Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs. More importantly, CsA preserved Bcl-xL immunoreactivity in RGCs of ischemic retina. In parallel, acute IOP elevation significantly increased phosphorylated Bad (pBad) at Ser112 protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved pBad protein expression in ischemic retina. Finally, acute IOP elevation significantly increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) protein expression in ischemic retina at 12 h. However, CsA significantly preserved Tfam protein expression in ischemic retina. Studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in ischemic retina showed that there were no statistically significant differences in mtDNA content among control and ischemic groups treated with vehicle or CsA. Therefore, these results provide evidence that the activation of CypD-mediated MPTP opening is associated with the apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial alteration in RGC death of ischemic retinal injury. On the basis of these observations, our findings suggest that CsA-mediated CypD inhibition may provide a promising therapeutic potential for protecting RGCs against ischemic injury-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M S Shim
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K-Y Kim
- Center for Research on Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research and Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R N Weinreb
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L A Wheeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - W-K Ju
- Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Wang K, Xu L, Yuan Z, Yao K, Zhao J, Xu L, Fang A, Zhang M, Wu L, Ji J, Hou J, Liu Q, Sun X. Intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of bimatoprost 0.03% therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients in China. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:21. [PMID: 24568617 PMCID: PMC3943806 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To report the clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension treated with bimatoprost 0.03% therapy. METHODS Two hundred sixty-three Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension who needed initial or additional intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering were recruited in this prospective, open-label, multicenter clinical study and were treated with bimatoprost 0.03%. Patients received bimatoprost 0.03% as initial, replacement or adjunctive IOP-lowering therapy, and follow-up visits were performed at week 1, and month 1 and 3 of the bimatoprost treatment. The efficacy outcome measure was the post-treatment IOP level. The safety outcome measures included the rate of medication-related symptoms, physical signs, reported adverse events, and the level of conjunctival hyperemia. RESULTS Among 240 patients who could be categorized by pre-existing therapies and the bimatoprost therapy regimen in the study, IOP values observed in all medication conditions showed significant IOP reduction at all study visits compared with baseline. At 3 months, 8.0 ± 3.7 mmHg (32.0%) reduction in IOP was observed in treatment-naive patients after bimatoprost monotherapy; in the patients previously on various therapy regimens, 1.9 ± 2.8 mmHg (9.5%) to 6.4 ± 6.1 mmHg (24.8%) additional IOP lowering was achieved after switching to bimatoprost monotherapy or bimatoprost combination therapy. The most common adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia, mainly of trace and mild intensity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that bimatoprost 0.03% was effective in lowering IOP with favorable safety in Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Wang
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Fenyang Road 83, Shanghai, Xuhui District 200031, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhilan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People’s Hospital of Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwu Fang
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Eye Centre of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiamin Hou
- Eye Institute and Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Allergan Information Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Fenyang Road 83, Shanghai, Xuhui District 200031, China
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He M, Wang W, Huang W. Efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combinations latanoprost/timolol versus dorzolamide/timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83606. [PMID: 24349536 PMCID: PMC3859645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the fixed combination of Latanoprost/Timolol versus Dorzolamide/Timolol in the treatment of patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods A comprehensive literature meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify randomized clinical trials comparing latanoprost/timolol FC (FCLT) with dorzolamide/timolol (FCDT) in patients with elevated IOP. The efficacy estimates were measured by the weight mean difference (WMD) for the IOP reduction (IOPR) from baseline to end point, including the diurnal mean IOPR, 8 AM IOPR, 12 PM IOPR, and 4 PM IOPR. The tolerability estimates were measured by RR for adverse events. All outcomes were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The data were synthesized by Stata 12.0 SE for Windows. Results Eight studies involving 841 patients (841 eyes) were included in the meta-analysis. With a WMD of IOPR in the diurnal mean of 0.16 mmHg (95% CI, -0.31 to 0.63), the FCLT was as effective as FCDT in lowering IOP in patients with elevated IOP (P = 0.51). The WMDs of IOPR were 0.58 mmHg (95% CI: -0.002 to 1.17) at 8 AM, -0.07 mmHg (95% CI: -0.50 to 0.36) at 12 PM, and 0.41 mmHg (95% CI: -0.18 to 1.00) at 4 PM, and there were no significant difference between FCLT and FCDT. FCLT was associated with a significantly lower incidence of eye pain, bitter taste, and irritation/stinging than FCDT, with pooled RRs of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.82), 0.06 (95% CI:0.008 to 0.42), and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.85), respectively. Conclusion FCLT was associated with equivalent efficacy in IOP lowering comparing with FCDT. However, FCLT was better tolerated than FCDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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de Hoz R, Gallego BI, Ramírez AI, Rojas B, Salazar JJ, Valiente-Soriano FJ, Avilés-Trigueros M, Villegas-Perez MP, Vidal-Sanz M, Triviño A, Ramírez JM. Rod-like microglia are restricted to eyes with laser-induced ocular hypertension but absent from the microglial changes in the contralateral untreated eye. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83733. [PMID: 24367610 PMCID: PMC3867486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse model of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) the microglia in both the treated and the normotensive untreated contralateral eye have morphological signs of activation and up-regulation of MHC-II expression in comparison with naïve. In the brain, rod-like microglia align to less-injured neurons in an effort to limit damage. We investigate whether: i) microglial activation is secondary to laser injury or to a higher IOP and; ii) the presence of rod-like microglia is related to OHT. Three groups of mice were used: age-matched control (naïve, n=15); and two lasered: limbal (OHT, n=15); and non-draining portion of the sclera (scleral, n=3). In the lasered animals, treated eyes as well as contralateral eyes were analysed. Retinal whole-mounts were immunostained with antibodies against, Iba-1, NF-200, MHC-II, CD86, CD68 and Ym1. In the scleral group (normal ocular pressure) no microglial signs of activation were found. Similarly to naïve eyes, OHT-eyes and their contralateral eyes had ramified microglia in the nerve-fibre layer related to the blood vessel. However, only eyes with OHT had rod-like microglia that aligned end-to-end, coupling to form trains of multiple cells running parallel to axons in the retinal surface. Rod-like microglia were CD68+ and were related to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) showing signs of degeneration (NF-200+RGCs). Although MHC-II expression was up-regulated in the microglia of the NFL both in OHT-eyes and their contralateral eyes, no expression of CD86 and Ym1 was detected in ramified or in rod-like microglia. After 15 days of unilateral lasering of the limbal and the non-draining portion of the sclera, activated microglia was restricted to OHT-eyes and their contralateral eyes. However, rod-like microglia were restricted to eyes with OHT and degenerated NF-200+RGCs and were absent from their contralateral eyes. Thus, rod-like microglia seem be related to the neurodegeneration associated with HTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz I. Gallego
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Triviño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Hoffmann EM, Miglior S, Zeyen T, Torri V, Rulli E, Aliyeva S, Floriani I, Cunha-Vaz J, Pfeiffer N. The Heidelberg retina tomograph ancillary study to the European glaucoma prevention study: study design and baseline factors. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e612-9. [PMID: 23710686 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the study design and baseline factors of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph ancillary study within the EGPS. Furthermore, to examine the relationship between HRT optic disc topographic measurements and baseline demographic and ocular factors. METHODS Four hundred and eighty-nine ocular hypertensive participants were included. Each participant completed HRT imaging at least annually. The associations between HRT measurements and IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), baseline photographic estimates of vertical CDR ratio (CDR), asymmetry between the two eyes in CDR ratio and baseline visual field indices were assessed using regression analysis. RESULTS Associations between HRT measurements and vertical CDR by photographs were found for almost all stereometric optic disc parameters in both univariate and multivariate analysis. The strongest association was found between vertical CDR measurements and disc, cup and rim area; cup and rim volume, CDR area, linear CDR, mean and maximum cup depth and cup shape measure (all p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, pattern standard deviation (PSD) and HRT disc area had significant associations with several HRT optic disc measurements. Furthermore, CCT was significantly associated with reference height and the glaucoma probability score (GPS, outside normal limits). CONCLUSIONS The EGPS is the first multicentre, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial to use HRT for monitoring optic disc changes in participants with ocular hypertension. We found strong associations between stereophotographic vertical CDR estimates, HRT disc area, PSD and several HRT parameters. We found, furthermore, that the parameters reference height and GPS were significantly related to central corneal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Milan, Monza, ItalyLeuven University Hospitals, Leuven, BelgiumInstitute Mario Negri, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
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139
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Qian CX, Tang W, Yuan ZL. [The effect of AQP4 knock out on retinal electrophysiology in laser-induced ocular hypertension mice]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2013; 49:981-986. [PMID: 24512998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) knock out (KO) on the dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) mice. METHODS Experimental study. AQP4 KO mice (n = 18, 36 eyes) and wide type (WT) mice (n = 18, 36 eyes) were used. Unilateral OHT was induced by laser photocoagulation in KO and WT mice after anesthesia. A simultaneous recording of PERG was performed by homemade electrodes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with an IcareLAB rebound tonometer every day at noon before and after surgery. The data was analysed by ANOVA and t test. RESULTS In AQP4 KO mice, the mean P50 and P95 amplitudes were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced compared with WT mice [P50: KO: (5.53 ± 1.31) vs WT: (8.14 ± 1.24) µv t = 5.70 and P95: KO: (7.71 ± 1.89) vs WT: (11.30 ± 2.61) µv, t = 3.83, respectively]. The latencies of AQP4 KO mice in both P50 and N95 were shorter than those of WT (t = 5.70 and t = 3.83 respectively, P < 0.01). The mean IOP was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after photocoagulation in AQP4 KO and WT mice compared with pre-photocoagulation [KO post: (14.78 ± 1.80) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) vs KO pre-photocoagulation: (6.61 ± 0.90) mm Hg and WT post: (16.44 ± 1.46) mm Hg vs WT pre-photocoagulation: (7.31 ± 0.98) mm Hg, respectively] with animals under general anesthesia. IOP was lowered mildly but significantly in KO mice when compare with WT mice (t = 3.09, P < 0.05) lasting seven days. IOP was gradually decreased to baseline values at day eight in both of KO and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AQP4 null may damage retinal function that can be detected by the measurement of PEGR, a sensitive parameter to reflect the function of RGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-xu Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Hospital of Changzhou People, Changzhou 213001, China
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You YX, Chen CX, Ma K, Jonas JB. Ocular hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e587-9. [PMID: 23718680 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu X You
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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141
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Hornová J, Baxant A. [Contemporary possibilities of intraocular pressure measurement]. Cesk Slov Oftalmol 2013; 69:175-180. [PMID: 24437996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Authors introduced current possibilities of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP). A list of available methods of monitoring IOP is published; contact measurement method IOP directly on the cornea, but also over upper lid, methodology of minimal contact and non-contact measurement. Following contact methods are described; former measurements of IOP by impression Schiotz tonometer and the current methodology applanation. So far as the gold standard measurement Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) is considered, another methodology with applanation measurements are compared: Pascal dynamic contoured tonometer (DCT ), BioResonator - resonant applanation tonometer (ART ), digital applanation tonometer Tonopen and last hit: continuous measurement of IOP by Sensimed Triggerfish. Orientation and rapid assessment is palpation pressure control over the lid and measuring by tonometer Diaton. Rebound tonometer (RBT) iCare belongs to measurements with minimal contact, no need anesthetic drops and fluorescein, therefore a self - home version of IOP measurements (Icare ONE) is developed. Non-contact measurement of IOP by different pneumotonometers is popular for screening assessment of IOP. Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) is a non-contact applanation IOP measurement and reveals additional properties of the cornea. In the discussion of a range methodology is evaluated, the experience of other authors and their own experience is compared. For monitoring of patients is necessary to select the most suitable methodology, measure repeatedly and accurately to allow long-term monitoring of intraocular pressure.
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Asaoka R. Measuring visual field progression in the central 10 degrees using additional information from central 24 degrees visual fields and 'lasso regression'. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72199. [PMID: 23951295 PMCID: PMC3741185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To measure progression of the visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) index in longitudinal 10-2 VFs more accurately, by adding information from 24-2 VFs using Lasso regression. Methods A training dataset consisted of 138 eyes from 97 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension and a testing dataset consisted of 40 eyes from 34 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The Lasso method was used to predict total deviation (TD) values in training patients’ 10-2 VFs based on information from their 24-2 VFs (52 TD values, foveal sensitivity and mean deviation MD). Then, the MD of each patient’s 10-2 VF was estimated as the average of these Lasso-predicted TD values (10-2 VF ‘Lasso MD’; LMD). Finally, linear regression was applied to each testing patient’s series of longitudinal 10-2 VF MDs with and without additional Lasso-derived LMDs in order to predict future MDs not included in the regression analysis. Absolute prediction errors were compared when only actual 10-2 MDs were regressed against when a combination of actual 10-2 MDs and LMDs were regressed. Results The average absolute prediction error was significantly smaller for the novel method incorporating LMDs (range: 1.6 to 1.8 dB) compared with the standard approach (range: 1.7 to 3.4 dB) (p<0.05, ANOVA test). Conclusions Deriving 10-2 VF MD values from 24-2 VFs improves the prediction accuracy of progression. This approach will help clinicians to predict patients’ visual function in the parafoveal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Häntzschel J, Terai N, Sorgenfrei F, Haustein M, Pillunat K, Pillunat LE. Morphological and functional differences between normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e386-91. [PMID: 23387808 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare visual field (VF) and nerve fibre loss in patients with normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG) at an equal level of glaucomatous structural damage of the optic nerve head (ONH). METHODS In a retrospective, pair-matched, comparative study, 126 eyes with NTG and 126 eyes with HTG were matched according to the same glaucomatous ONH damage based on rim volume, rim area and disc size measured by the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT III). Visual field by Humphrey perimetry and nerve fibre layer thickness measured by scanning laser polarimetry (GdxVCC) were compared between both groups. RESULTS Based on the HRT, NTG and HTG displayed comparable structural damage of the ONH without a statistically significant difference between both groups (mean, NTG/HTG: disc area 2.32/2.32 mm², p =0.342; rim area 1.03/1.00 mm², p = 0.279; rim volume 0.2/0.19 mm³; p = 0.274). Eyes with NTG had significantly less VF damage than eyes with HTG (mean, NTG/HTG: mean deviation (MD) -3.69/-9.77 dB, p = 0.0001; pattern standard deviation (PSD) 4.80/7.17 dB, p = 0.0001). The nerve fibre layer of NTG patients was thicker than that of HTG patients (mean, NTG/HTG: GDx total: 46.9/44.0 μm, p = 0.073; GDx superior: 57.2/49.9 μm, p = 0.0001; GDx inferior: 54.9/49.7 μm, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS At an equal level of glaucomatous structural damage of the ONH indicated by cupping, rim area and rim volume, NTG patients seem to have a less affected visual field and a better preserved nerve fibre layer than HTG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Häntzschel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany.
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Bui BV, Batcha AH, Fletcher E, Wong VHY, Fortune B. Relationship between the magnitude of intraocular pressure during an episode of acute elevation and retinal damage four weeks later in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70513. [PMID: 23922999 PMCID: PMC3726657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine relationship between the magnitude of intraocular pressure (IOP) during a fixed-duration episode of acute elevation and the loss of retinal function and structure 4 weeks later in rats. Methods Unilateral elevation of IOP (105 minutes) was achieved manometrically in adult Brown Norway rats (9 groups; n = 4 to 8 each, 10–100 mm Hg and sham control). Full-field ERGs were recorded simultaneously from treated and control eyes 4 weeks after IOP elevation. Scotopic ERG stimuli were white flashes (−6.04 to 2.72 log cd.s.m−2). Photopic ERGs were recorded (1.22 to 2.72 log cd.s.m−2) after 15 min of light adaptation (150 cd/m2). Relative amplitude (treated/control, %) of ERG components versus IOP was described with a cummulative normal function. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer density was determined post mortem by histology. Results All ERG components failed to recover completely normal amplitudes by 4 weeks after the insult if IOP was 70 mmHg or greater during the episode. There was no ERG recovery at all if IOP was 100 mmHg. Outer retinal (photoreceptor) function demonstrated the least sensitivity to prior acute IOP elevation. ERG components reflecting inner retinal function were correlated with post mortem RGC layer density. Conclusions Retinal function recovers after IOP normalization, such that it requires a level of acute IOP elevation approximately 10 mmHg higher to cause a pattern of permanent dysfunction similar to that observed during the acute event. There is a ‘threshold’ for permanent retinal functional loss in the rat at an IOP between 60 and 70 mmHg if sustained for 105 minutes or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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145
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Lin H, Chen W, Luo L, Zhang X, Chen J, Lin Z, Qu B, Zhan J, Zheng D, Zhong X, Tian Z, Liu Y. Ocular hypertension after pediatric cataract surgery: baseline characteristics and first-year report. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69867. [PMID: 23922832 PMCID: PMC3726742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential for pediatric cataract treatment but always difficult due to lack of cooperation in young children. We present the baseline characteristics and the first-year results of a long-term prospective cohort study, which are aimed to determine the relationship of the incidence of ocular hypertension (OH) in children after cataract surgery during the first-year period and the risk of developing late-onset glaucoma. Children were included with the following criteria: they were≤10 years old and scheduled to undergo cataract surgery with/without intraocular lens implantation; they were compliant with our follow-up protocol, which included monitoring IOP using a Tono-Pen under sedation or anesthesia. Incidence of OH, peak OH value, OH onset time and OH duration within a 12-month period following surgery were measured. In brief, 206 patients (379 eyes) were included and OH developed in 66 of 379 (17.4%) eyes. The mean follow-up period was 14.0±3.2 months (median, 12 months; range, 10–16 months). Moreover, 33 of 196 (16.8%) aphakic eyes and 33 of 183 (18.0%) IOL eyes were diagnosed with OH. The peak OH onset times were at 1-week (34/66, 51.5%) and 1-month (14/66, 21.2%) appointments postsurgery. The peak IOP value in the OH eyes was 29.9±7.5 mmHg (median, 29 mmHg; range, 21–48 mmHg). The duration of OH was 30.9±31.2 days (median, 30 days; range, 3–150 days). OH recurred in 13 eyes with a history of OH diagnosed within 1 month postsurgery (13/54, 24.1%), which needed temporary or long term use of antiglaucoma medications. In conclusion, the incidence of OH in children after cataract surgery was 17.4% during the first-year period. Children who have suffered elevated IOP in the first year after cataract surgery should be followed closely to determine if there is an increased risk of developing late-onset glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This study aimed to modify a chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) rat model to screen for potential compounds to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from responding to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). A total of 266 rats were prepared and randomly grouped according to different time-points, namely, weeks 3, 8, 16, and 24. Rats were sedated and eye examination was performed to score as the corneal damage on a scale of 1 to 4. The OHT rat model was created via the injection of a hypertonic saline solution into the episcleral veins once weekly for two weeks. OHT was identified when the IOP at week 0 was [Symbol: see text] 6 mmHg than that at week -2 for the same eye. Viable RGCs were labeled by injecting 4% FluoroGold. Rats were sacrificed, and the eyes were enucleated and fixed. The fixed retinas were dissected to prepare flat whole-mounts. The viable RGCs were visualized and imaged. The IOP (mean ± SD) was calculated, and data were analyzed by the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. The OHT model was created in 234 of 266 rats (87.97%), whereas 32 rats (12.03%) were removed from the study because of the absence of IOP elevation (11.28%) and/or corneal damage scores over 4 (0.75%). IOP was elevated by as much as 81.35% for 24 weeks. The average IOP was (16.68 ± 0.98) mmHg in non-OHT eyes (n = 234), but was (27.95 ± 0.97) mmHg in OHTeyes (n = 234). Viable RGCs in the OHT eyes were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner by 29.41%, 38.24%, 55.32%, and 59.30% at weeks 3, 8, 16, and 24, respectively, as compared to viable RGCs in the non-OHT eyes (P < 0.05). The OHT model was successfully created in 88% of the rats. The IOP in the OHT eyes was elevated by approximately 81% for 24 weeks. The number of viable RGCs was decreased by 59% of the rats in a time-dependent manner. The modified OHT model may provide an effective and reliable method for screening drugs to protect RGCs from glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Zhong
- Ocular Science Department, Toxikon Corporation, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
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147
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Hong Y, Peng RM, Wang M, Qu HQ, Hong J. Suture pull-through insertion techniques for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in Chinese phakic eyes: outcomes and complications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61929. [PMID: 23626753 PMCID: PMC3633985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the outcomes and complications of suture pull-through insertion techniques for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in Chinese phakic eyes. Patients and Methods Retrospective case series. Included in the study were all Chinese patients with phakic eyes who underwent DSAEK at Peking University Third Hospital from August 2008 to August 2011. All ocular diseases of the patients were recorded. Distance visual acuity (DVA), near visual acuity (NVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) were compared prior to and 12 months after DSAEK. The DSAEK success rate, endothelial cell loss (ECL), complications, and prognosis were analyzed. All patients had at least 12 months of follow up. Results Twenty-one eyes of 16 patients were included (11 males and 5 females). Ages ranged from 2 to 47 years with an average age of 29.8 years. The average follow up was 15.4 months (ranging from 12 to 36 months). Diagnoses included 7 eyes (4 patients) with corneal endothelial dystrophy and 14 eyes (12 patients) with bullous keratopathy. Presurgical DVA and NVA (LogMAR) were 1.7±0.7 and 1.2±0.4; postsurgical DVA and NVA were 0.8±0.6 and 0.7±0.5; Z = −3.517, −2.764; P<0.001 and P = 0.006 respectively. Presurgical IOP was 15.8±3.7 mm Hg; postsurgical IOP was 15.2±2.6 mm Hg; Z = −0.505, P = 0.614. Presurgical ACD was 3.00±0.74 mm; postsurgical ACD was 2.72±0.59 mm; Z = −0.524, P = 0.600. Donor ECD was 2992±163 cells/mm2, ECD was 1836±412 cells/mm2 with a 12-month postsurgical ECL of 39%. Success rate was 86%. Surgery complications included pupillary block-induced hypertension in 5 eyes (24%), graft detachment in 3 eyes (14%), and graft dislocation in 1 eye (5%). Conclusions DSAEK on Chinese phakic eyes can significantly improve DVA and NVA by preserving the patient’s own crystalline lens. DSAEK is an optional surgery for patients who need to preserve accommodative function. More attention should be given to postsurgical pupillary block-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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148
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Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively monitor progressive changes of retinal ganglion cell function in early glaucoma using the pattern electroretinogram (PERG). METHODS Fifty-nine patients enrolled as glaucoma suspects were observed untreated over an average of 5.7±1.4 years, during which they were tested with PERG (PERGLA paradigm) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) 2 times per year. PERG amplitude and phase were normalized for physiological age-related changes, and linear regressions fitted to the data to calculate progression slopes (signal), slope SE (noise), and corresponding signal-to-noise ratios (SNR=slope÷SE). Linear regressions were also used to fit SAP global indices mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD). RESULTS On average, progression slopes of PERG amplitude/phase were skewed toward negative values, their mean being significantly (P<0.01) different from zero. In contrast, mean slopes of SAP-MD and PSD were not significantly different from zero. SNRs were higher for PERG than SAP (P<0.01). A substantial number of eyes displayed significant (P<0.05) progression of PERG amplitude (15% to 20%) or PERG phase (16% to 25%). Fewer eyes displayed significant progression of SAP-MD (0% to 2%) or SAP-PSD (4% to 8%). CONCLUSIONS The PERG displayed clear longitudinal loss of signal (diminished amplitude, phase delay, or both) in a substantial number of eyes of patients, indicating progressive deterioration of retinal ganglion cell function. Progression of SAP global indices MD and PSD was found in a relatively smaller number of eyes. It remains to be established whether PERG progression has predictive value for developing visual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori M Ventura
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Hoehn R, Mirshahi A, Hoffmann EM, Kottler UB, Wild PS, Laubert-Reh D, Pfeiffer N. Distribution of intraocular pressure and its association with ocular features and cardiovascular risk factors: the Gutenberg Health Study. Ophthalmology 2013; 120:961-8. [PMID: 23399374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with ocular features and cardiovascular risk factors in an adult European cohort. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS This analysis was based on a Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) cohort that included 4335 eligible enrollees from among 5000 subjects who participated in the survey from 2007 through 2008. The age range was 35 to 74 years at enrollment. METHODS Participants underwent a standardized protocol with a comprehensive questionnaire; ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, noncontact tonometry, fundus photography, central corneal thickness measurement, and visual field testing; and a thorough general examination focused on cardiovascular parameters, psychological evaluation, and laboratory tests, including genetic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean and reference interval of IOP stratified by age, gender, and eye. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation (SD) IOP was 14.0 ± 2.6 mmHg in both eyes, 13.9 ± 2.7 mmHg in right eyes, and 14.0 ± 2.7 mmHg in left eyes. Mean ± SD IOP in men (n = 2216) and in women (n = 2119) was 14.1 ± 2.7 mmHg and 13.9 ± 2.5 mmHg with an intersex difference (P = 0.009). Positive univariate associations with higher IOP were detected for brown iris color, central corneal thickness, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, body mass index, weight, hip size (women only), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. Multivariate testing revealed male gender, central corneal thickness, brown iris color, hypertension, smoking, and waist-to-hip ratio to be correlated with higher IOP. In women, age correlated negatively with IOP in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Intraocular pressure distribution in this cohort yielded a lower mean IOP than in similar white study populations. Increasing age in women correlated with lower IOP. Association analyses with several systemic characteristics revealed that cardiovascular risk factors correlated with higher IOP. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Hoehn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Rüfer F, Kohlmann A, Kandzia C, Klettner A, Roider J. Influence of atmospheric pressure on postoperative decompensation of intraocular pressure in perfluorethane-filled eyes after vitrectomy. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e80-1. [PMID: 22632583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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