801
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Abstract
Sera (n = 90) giving positive results in a screening test for antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs) were tested in a line immunoblot assay that measures antibody reactivity with individual ENAs in a single test field. Results were then compared to those obtained in monospecific ENA antibody enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Discordant results were resolved by immunodiffusion. Of 540 result pairs (90 sera tested for 6 ENAs [Sm/RNP, Sm, SSA, SSB, Scl-70, Jo-1]), 509 (94%) showed concordance. Immunodiffusion resolved 28 of 31 discordant result pairs in favor of the immunoblot result. After resolution of discordant data, the immunoblot assay exhibited 100% sensitivity for all ENA antibodies except those recognizing Scl-70, for which the sensitivity was 89%; specificity was over 96% for all 6 ENA antibodies. These findings show that a line immunoblot assay for the characterization of ENA antibodies yields results comparable to those obtained using monospecific ENA antibody EIAs. The immunoblot assay is easier and less expensive to perform due to its utilization of a single test field.
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802
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Bohinski RJ, Bejarano PA, Balko G, Warnick RE, Whitsett JA. Determination of lung as the primary site of cerebral metastatic adenocarcinomas using monoclonal antibody to thyroid transcription factor-1. J Neurooncol 1998; 40:227-31. [PMID: 10066094 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006102607697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Determining the primary site of a cerebral metastatic adenocarcinoma is complicated by the histologic similarity of most adenocarcinomas. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) is a highly specific marker of peripheral airway cell neoplasms. Formalin fixed tissue from 30 patients with brain metastasis whose primary sources were clinically and histologically known with certainty were analyzed for immunoreactivity to TTF-1. There were 18 cases of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Other metastases were from breast (6), colon (1), prostate (1), kidney (1), paranasal sinus (1), melanoma (1), and intestinal carcinoid (1). No patients with carcinoma of the thyroid were found. Positivity was regarded as intense nuclear reactivity. Twelve (67%) metastatic lung adenocarcinomas stained for TTF-1. None of the cerebral metastases from other body sites showed positivity. In addition, normal brain tissue and astrocytic tumors did not stain for TTF-1. These data show that TTF-1 is a highly specific and reasonably sensitive marker for peripheral airway cell metastasis to the brain.
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803
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Adeoya-Osiguwa SA, Dudley RK, Hosseini R, Fraser LR. FPP modulates mammalian sperm function via TCP-11 and the adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway. Mol Reprod Dev 1998; 51:468-76. [PMID: 9820206 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2795(199812)51:4<468::aid-mrd14>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization promoting peptide (FPP; pGlu-Glu-ProNH2), which is found in seminal plasma, promotes capacitation but inhibits spontaneous acrosome loss in mammalian spermatozoa in vitro. Adenosine, known to modulate the adenylyl cyclase (AC)/cAMP pathway, elicits these same responses whereas FPP + adenosine produces an enhanced response, leading to the hypothesis that FPP and adenosine modulate the same signal transduction pathway but act via different receptors. TCP-11, the product of a t-complex gene, is the putative receptor for FPP: Fab fragments of anti-TCP-11 antibodies have the same effect as FPP on mouse spermatozoa and Gln-FPP, a competitive inhibitor of FPP, also competitively inhibits responses to the Fab fragments. In the present study, specific binding of 3H-FPP to sperm membranes was significantly inhibited by 200 nM Gln-FPP and anti-TCP-11 Fab fragments (1/25 dilution), thus confirming that FPP, Gln-FPP, and Fab fragments compete for the same binding site. In addition, spermatozoa treated with A23187 to induce the acrosome reaction bound significantly less 3H-FPP than untreated cells, suggesting that a large proportion of the FPP binding sites are associated with the acrosomal cap region; TCP-11 is located in this region. In other experiments, 100 nM FPP significantly stimulated cAMP production in mouse sperm membranes, permeabilized cells and intact cells. Furthermore, Gln-FPP inhibited production of cAMP in response to FPP but not to adenosine (10 microM) or its analogue NECA (100 nM), supporting the involvement of two different receptors. Finally, anti-TCP-11 Fab fragments (1/25 dilution) significantly stimulated cAMP production, whereas low Fab (1/200; nonstimulatory when used alone) plus adenosine (10 microM) significantly enhanced the stimulation of capacitation by adenosine. These results support the hypotheses that TCP-11 is the receptor for FPP and that FPP<-->TCP-11 interactions modulate AC/cAMP.
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804
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Brankin B, Skaar TC, Brotzman M, Trock B, Clarke R. Autoantibodies to the nuclear phosphoprotein nucleophosmin in breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:1109-15. [PMID: 9865429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is an estrogen-regulated nucleolar phosphoprotein; a substrate for phosphorylation by p34cdc2 kinase, protein kinase C, and casein kinase II; and a repressor of the transcriptional regulating activities of the YY1 and IFN regulatory factor-1 transcription factors. We have completed a pilot study to determine whether autoantibodies to NPM are present in breast cancer patients and explored the ability of these autoantibodies to predict recurrence in breast cancer patients. One hundred breast cancer patients were studied: 50 who recurred, and 50 matched for age and length of follow-up but who did not recur. Patients' sera were collected at the times of diagnosis (T1), six months before recurrence (T2), and at recurrence (T3). Recurrent and nonrecurrent patients did not differ in autoantibody levels at the times of diagnosis or recurrence. However, antiNPM autoantibody levels increase significantly between diagnosis and six months before recurrence in recurrent patients, whereas no change occurs over the comparable time period in nonrecurrent patients (repeated measures ANOVA; P = 0.041). At recurrence, the levels return to those seen at diagnosis. The greater the change in levels between T1 and T2, the greater the risk of recurrence within the next 6 months (conditional logistic regression: increase in risk for highest versus lowest tertile of change from T1 to T2; odds ratio, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-10.18; P = 0.043). Consistent with the estrogenic/antiestrogenic regulation of the antigen in breast cancer cells, the levels of antiNPM autoantibodies are decreased 6 months before recurrence in patients treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen (P = 0.012). The association between antiNPM levels and recurrence remained after adjustment for confounding factors. Further study of antiNPM autoantibody levels as a new and simple, intermediate serum biomarker for predicting both the timing of recurrence and monitoring response to endocrine manipulations in breast cancer patients is warranted.
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805
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Ichinohasama R, Miura I, Kobayashi N, Saitoh Y, DeCoteau JF, Saiki Y, Mori S, Kadin ME, Ooya K. Herpes virus type 8-negative primary effusion lymphoma associated with PAX-5 gene rearrangement and hepatitis C virus: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22:1528-37. [PMID: 9850179 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199812000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is no case report of HHV8- primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) with t(9;14)(p13;q32) involving both PAX-5 and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, which is a rare translocation in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, in an HIV- patient. We examined an HIV-seronegative 63-year-old Japanese man with hepatitis C virus-associated liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma manifesting peritoneal lymphomatous effusion without tumor mass at any body site. The lymphoma cells were examined twice by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, three-color flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular analyses. The nuclear morphology of lymphoma cells was similar to that of large noncleaved cells, although the lymphoma cell size was a little smaller that of the usual large-cell lymphoma. Immunophenotyping of lymphoma cells in the ascitic fluid revealed a mature peripheral B-cell phenotype (CD5- CD10- CD19+ CD20+ CD22+ Ig G+ lambda+). Cytogenetics showed a clonal population: 45,X,-Y, der(2) t(2;6)(q31;p21.3), t(4;8)(q21;q11.2), der(6) t(2;6)(q31;p21.3) add(6)(q15), t(9;14)(p13;q32.3) [10]/47, idem, +der(6) t(2;6), +16[10]. Southern blot analysis revealed rearranged fragments with a probe for immunoglobulin heavy chain, some of which were a size similar to those with a PAX-5 gene probe. Polymorphism, not rearrangement, of the c-MYC gene, was also found. HHV8 and the Epstein-Barr virus were not detected by polymerase chain reaction. This case is the first report of an HHV8- PEL with t(9;14) involving a PAX-5 gene rearrangement in an HIV-seronegative patient. This primary effusion lymphoma manifested spontaneous regression without any therapy. These findings suggest that there may be an additional subcategory of primary effusion lymphoma that is not associated with HHV8 nor c-MYC(R) but is pathogenetically associated with the PAX-5 gene or hepatitis C virus.
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MESH Headings
- Ascitic Fluid/genetics
- Ascitic Fluid/immunology
- Ascitic Fluid/pathology
- Ascitic Fluid/virology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Southern
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Fatal Outcome
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/immunology
- Genes, myc/genetics
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis C/complications
- Hepatitis C/pathology
- Herpesvirus 8, Human
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- PAX5 Transcription Factor
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Transcription Factors
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806
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Kyono WT, de Jong R, Park RK, Liu Y, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J, Durden DL. Differential interaction of Crkl with Cbl or C3G, Hef-1, and gamma subunit immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif in signaling of myeloid high affinity Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI). JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1998; 161:5555-63. [PMID: 9820532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cbl-Crkl and Crkl-C3G interactions have been implicated in T cell and B cell receptor signaling and in the regulation of the small GTPase, Rap1. Recent evidence suggests that Rap1 plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling. To gain insight into the role of Crkl in myeloid ITAM signaling, we investigated Cbl-Crkl and Crkl-C3G interactions following Fc gamma RI aggregation in U937IF cells. Fc gamma RI cross-linking of U937IF cells results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl, Crkl, and Hef-1, an increase in the association of Crkl with Cbl via direct SH2 domain interaction and increased Crkl-Hef-1 binding. Crkl constitutively binds to the guanine nucleotide-releasing protein, C3G, via direct SH3 domain binding. Our data show that distinct Cbl-Crkl and Crkl-C3G complexes exist in myeloid cells, suggesting that these complexes may modulate distinct signaling events. Anti-Crkl immunoprecipitations demonstrate that the ITAM-containing gamma subunit of Fc gamma RI is induced to form a complex with the Crkl protein, and Crkl binds to the cytoskeletal protein, Hef-1. The induced association of Crkl with Cbl, Hef-1, and Fc gamma RI gamma after Fc gamma RI activation and the constitutive association between C3G and Crkl provide the first evidence that a Fc gamma RI gamma-Crkl-C3G complex may link ITAM receptors to the activation of Rap1 in myeloid cells.
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807
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Li Q, Frestedt JL, Kersey JH. AF4 encodes a ubiquitous protein that in both native and MLL-AF4 fusion types localizes to subnuclear compartments. Blood 1998; 92:3841-7. [PMID: 9808577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemia with t(4;11)(q21,q23) translocation results from the in-frame fusion of the MLL to the AF4/FEL gene. In previous studies, we and others demonstrated that AF4 transcripts are present in a variety of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human cells. To further study the wild-type and leukemia fusion AF4, we used glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion proteins as immunogens to produce rabbit polyclonal antibodies that were specific for normal and chimeric AF4 proteins. Using Western blotting analysis, we demonstrated that the AF4 gene encodes proteins with apparent molecular weight of 125 and 145 kD. A 45-kD protein coprecipitated with AF4 protein in immunoprecipitation. Also, the anticipated MLL-AF4-encoded 240-kD protein was detected in all cell lines with t(4;11) translocations; fusion proteins were present in lesser quantity than the wild-type AF4. The proteins recognized by the antibodies are of the predicted sizes of the AF4 and MLL-AF4-encoded proteins based on previous DNA sequencing analysis. The MLL-AF4 fusion protein had a similar subcellular distribution as AF4. Both t(4;11) and non-t(4;11) leukemic cells showed a similar pattern of punctate nuclear staining in all cell lines tested using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. AF4 antibodies should be useful for further elucidation of the function of AF4 in normal cellular physiology, as well as the function of MLL-AF4 in leukemogenesis. The antibodies should also be helpful for the diagnosis of the MLL-AF4 fusion proteins in t(4;11) leukemias.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/ultrastructure
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Transcriptional Elongation Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
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808
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Marin MC, Jost CA, Irwin MS, DeCaprio JA, Caput D, Kaelin WG. Viral oncoproteins discriminate between p53 and the p53 homolog p73. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:6316-24. [PMID: 9774648 PMCID: PMC109218 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.11.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 is a recently identified member of the p53 family. Previously it was shown that p73 can, when overproduced in p53-defective tumor cells, activate p53-responsive promoters and induce apoptosis. In this report we describe the generation of anti-p73 monoclonal antibodies and confirm that two previously described p73 isoforms are produced in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we show that these two isoforms can bind to canonical p53 DNA-binding sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Despite the high degree of similarity between p53 and p73, we found that adenovirus E1B 55K, simian virus 40 T, and human papillomavirus E6 do not physically interact with p73. The observation that viral oncoproteins discriminate between p53 and p73 suggests that the functions of these two proteins may differ under physiological conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that inactivation of p73 may not be required for transformation.
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809
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Whitehead CM, Fritzler MJ, Rattner JB. The relationship of ASE-1 and NOR-90 in autoimmune sera. J Rheumatol 1998; 25:2126-30. [PMID: 9818653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nucleolar proteins ASE-1 and NOR-90 can become confused because they have similar cytological and Western blot features. We investigated the frequency and relationship between these 2 proteins and identified clinical features of patients with ASE-1 antibodies. METHODS The characteristics of ASE-1 and NOR-90 are shown by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and Western blot data. The sera are characterized by their ability to immunoprecipitate the in vitro transcription and translation (TnT) product of either the ASE-1 or NOR-90 cDNA. Clinical features were obtained by retrospective chart review. RESULTS Of the 15 sera identified as potentially NOR-90 positive by IIF and Western blot 8/15 (53%) were able to immunoprecipitate a NOR-90 TnT product. Of the remaining 7 sera, 4 (57%) were only able to immunoprecipitate an ASE-1 TnT product. Four (57%) of the remaining 7 sera were able to immunoprecipitate an ASE-1 TnT product. In a second cohort of confirmed NOR-90 positive sera, 2/8 (25%) were able to immunoprecipitate an ASE-1 TnT product. In total, ASE-1 autoantibodies were found in 6/16 (37.5%) of confirmed NOR-90 sera from both cohorts. There were no common clinical features found in seven ASE-1 positive patients; however, 3 (43%) had a malignancy and 3 (43%) had slowly progressive systemic sclerosis. CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to ASE-1 and NOR-90 can occur alone or together in autoimmune sera. Due to their similar IIF and Western blot profile the only way to correctly characterize these sera is by immunoprecipitation of the appropriate TnT product.
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810
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Galeazzi M, Bellisai F, Sebastiani GD, Morozzi G, Marcolongo R, Houssiau F, Cervera R, Levy Y, George J, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Association of 16/6 and SA1 anti-DNA idiotypes with anticardiolipin antibodies and clinical manifestations in a large cohort of SLE patients. European Concerted Action on the Immunogenetics of SLE. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998; 16:717-20. [PMID: 9844765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SA1 and 16/6 idiotypes can be found in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of these idiotypes in a large cohort of SLE patients, and to determine whether their presence is correlated with the anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti-dsDNA antibodies or with the clinical manifestations of SLE. METHODS 492 SLE patients were evaluated for clinical manifestations of SLE and were assigned a disease severity score. ds-DNA autoantibodies, aCL autoantibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA isotypes, and SA1 and 16/6 idiotypes were also determined in these patients. RESULTS The prevalence of the SA1 and 16/6 idiotypes in the 492 SLE patients was found to be 11% and 5.1%, respectively, and these idiotypes were significantly more prevalent in the patients who had aCL antibodies of either the IgG, IgM or IgA isotypes. Moreover, while the 16/6 idiotype was not associated with the clinical manifestation of either SLE or APS, the SA1 idiotype was found significantly more frequently in patients who had vascular events Raynaud's phenomenon or hemolytic anemia (p = 0.016, 0.01, 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION SLE patients with the SA1 idiotype may run a higher risk of developing vascular events, Raynaud's phenomenon or hemolytic anemia. These clinical manifestations can be attributed to both SLE and secondary APS when aCL autoantibodies are also found. These results indicate that the possible pathogenicity of certain idiotypes in SLE cannot be excluded.
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811
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Millard I, Degrave E, Philippe M, Gala JL. Detection of intracellular antigens by flow cytometry: comparison of two chemical methods and microwave heating. Clin Chem 1998; 44:2320-30. [PMID: 9799760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Detection of intracellular antigens by flow cytometry requires effective fixation and permeabilization of the cell membrane. This study compares three fixation/permeabilization techniques: two commercial chemical reagents, the ORTHOPermeaFix (OPF) and the FIX&PERM Cell Permeabilization Kit (F&P), and a novel method based on microwave heating (MWH). They have been applied to the detection of two nuclear (p53 and rb/p105) and two cytoplasmic (bcl-2 and mdr-1/gp-170) antigens, using positive- and negative-control cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Western blotting was performed as a control of protein expression. For the four antigens assessed, cellular morphology, discrimination between intact cells and debris, percentage of positive cells, and mean fluorescence intensity were examined. For this last parameter, the assessment of the MWH technique was performed using SD and a graphical approach inspired by the concepts described by Bland and Altman (Lancet 1986;346: 1085-7) as well as Petersen et al. (Clin Chem 1997;43: 2039-46). The statistical analysis shows that MWH is comparable to the commercial methods and that its reproducibility is also equivalent to OPF and F&P. As assessed for some of the most clinically relevant intracytoplasmic and intranuclear antigens, the MWH method appears to be a valuable and inexpensive alternative. It is worth noting that, unlike commercial reagents, MWH altered surface antigens. Interestingly, this feature, which would prevent cell selection on the basis of combined membrane and intracellular epitopes, is associated with a decrease of nonspecific background fluorescence.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/analysis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/radiation effects
- Antigens/analysis
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens/radiation effects
- Cell Line
- Cytoplasm/immunology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/radiation effects
- Epitopes/analysis
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Epitopes/radiation effects
- Flow Cytometry/methods
- Genes, MDR/immunology
- Genes, MDR/radiation effects
- Humans
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/radiation effects
- Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
- Microwaves
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/radiation effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/radiation effects
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
- Reproducibility of Results
- Retinoblastoma Protein/analysis
- Retinoblastoma Protein/immunology
- Retinoblastoma Protein/radiation effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/immunology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/radiation effects
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812
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Aréchiga H, Rodríguez-Sosa L. Circadian clock function in isolated eyestalk tissue of crayfish. Proc Biol Sci 1998; 265:1819-23. [PMID: 9802237 PMCID: PMC1689369 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical mass response of crayfish photoreceptors (electroretinogram) was recorded continuously for up to seven days in isolated preparations that consisted of the retina and lamina ganglionaris. Electroretinogram amplitude varied in a circadian manner with a nocturnal acrophase and a period of 22-23 h in preparations kept in darkness. Acclimatization of animals to reversed light/dark cycles resulted in a phase reversal of the rhythm in vitro. The per (period) gene of Drosophila has been implicated in the genesis of rhythms in insects and in vertebrates. Immunocytochemical staining with an antibody against the PER gene product revealed immunoreactivity in the retinal photoreceptors, as well as in cell bodies in the lamina ganglionaris. Labelled axons run distally towards the photoreceptors and proximally to other areas of the lamina.
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813
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Yu E, Song K, Moon H, Maul GG, Lee I. Characteristic immunolocalization of Ku protein as nuclear matrix. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1998; 17:413-20. [PMID: 9873986 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1998.17.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two hybridoma clones, NMB1 and NML90, were established using nuclear matrix proteins from normal human thymi or malignant lymphoma as immunogens. They reacted with human Ku70 and Ku80, respectively, by immunoblotting. When HeLa cell nuclear proteins were fractionated and applied to immunoblotting, both Ku70 and Ku80 were detected in the nuclear matrix as well as the soluble nuclear protein fractions. By confocal scanning microscopy, the immunoreactivity of Ku70 and Ku80 was localized to distinct nucleoplasmic fibrillar network and fine granules in the interphase cell nuclei. When HeLa cells were fractionated in situ using DNase I and buffers containing 0.25 M (NH4)2SO4 and 2 M NaCl, the nucleoplasmic reticular structure was largely preserved, but granules disappeared. The nucleoplasmic distribution of Ku in the tissue and in cultured cells was distinct from each other. In the adult tissue, it consisted mostly of either distinct curvilinear lines along the nuclear periphery or of tangled, beaded lines throughout the nuclei. When xenotransplants of HeLa cell in Scid mice were examined, the "tissue type" immunolocalization pattern was reproduced consistently. In most fetal tissues, "tissue type" and "cell type" patterns were admixed. Monoclonal antibodies described here are useful tools for studying the structure and function of the nuclear matrix.
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814
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Marsh KL, Dixon J, Dixon MJ. Mutations in the Treacher Collins syndrome gene lead to mislocalization of the nucleolar protein treacle. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:1795-800. [PMID: 9736782 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.11.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial development, the features of which include conductive hearing loss and cleft palate. The TCS gene ( TCOF1 ), which is localized to chromosome 5q32-q33.1, recently has been identified by positional cloning. Analysis of TCOF1 revealed that the majority of TCS mutations result in the creation of a premature termination codon. The function of the predicted protein, treacle, is unknown, although indirect evidence from database analyses suggests that it may function as a shuttling nucleolar phosphoprotein. In the current study, we provide the first direct evidence that treacle is a nucleolar protein. An antibody generated against treacle shows that it localizes to the nucleolus. Fusion proteins tagged to a green fluorescent protein reporter were shown to localize to different compartments of the cell when putative nuclear localization signals were deleted. Parallel experiments using conserved regions of the murine homologue of TCOF1 confirmed these results. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to recreate mutations observed in individuals with TCS. The resulting truncated proteins are mislocalized within the cell, which further supports the hypothesis that an integral part of treacle's function involves shuttling between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm. TCS is, therefore, the first Mendelian disorder resulting from mutations which lead to aberrant expression of a nucleolar protein.
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815
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Magnaghi P, Roberts C, Lorain S, Lipinski M, Scambler PJ. HIRA, a mammalian homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional co-repressors, interacts with Pax3. Nat Genet 1998; 20:74-7. [PMID: 9731536 DOI: 10.1038/1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIRA maps to the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome critical region (DGCR) at 22q11 (refs 1,2) and encodes a WD40 repeat protein similar to yeast Hir1p and Hir2p. These transcriptional co-repressors regulate cell cycle-dependent histone gene transcription, possibly by remodelling local chromatin structure. We report an interaction between HIRA and the transcription factor Pax3. Pax3 haploinsufficiency results in the mouse splotch and human Waardenburg syndrome (WSI and WSIII) phenotypes. Mice homozygous for Pax3 mutations die in utero with a phenocopy of DGS, or neonatally with neural tube defects. HIRA was also found to interact with core histones. Thus, altered stoichiometry of complexes containing HIRA may be important for the development of structures affected in WS and DGS.
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816
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Gao SJ, Alsina M, Deng JH, Harrison CR, Montalvo EA, Leach CT, Roodman GD, Jenson HB. Antibodies to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in patients with multiple myeloma. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:846-9. [PMID: 9728556 DOI: 10.1086/515340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) serologic assays were used to detect specific antibodies to KSHV lytic and latent antigens in 27 patients with multiple myeloma, 27 control patients with other cancers, and 50 random blood donors. Antibodies to KSHV recombinant minor capsid antigen orf65 were found in 81% of patients with multiple myeloma, 22% of control patients with other cancers, and 6% of the blood donors. Antibodies to KSHV latent nuclear antigens were found in 52% of patients with multiple myeloma, 26% of control patients with other cancers, and 2% of the blood donors. All of the 11 patients with progressive multiple myeloma were KSHV-seropositive. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 were present in 89% of patients with multiple myeloma, 93% of control patients with other cancers, and 88% of the blood donors. These data support the possible association of KSHV infection with multiple myeloma, particularly with progressive disease.
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817
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Benson DL, Tanaka H. N-cadherin redistribution during synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 1998; 18:6892-904. [PMID: 9712659 PMCID: PMC6792987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic adhesion molecules that, together with their intracellular binding partners the catenins, mediate adhesion and signaling at a variety of intercellular junctions. This study shows that neural (N)-cadherin and beta-catenin, an intracellular binding partner for the classic cadherins, are present in axons and dendrites before synapse formation and then cluster at developing synapses between hippocampal neurons. N-cadherin is expressed initially at all synaptic sites but rapidly becomes restricted to a subpopulation of excitatory synaptic sites. Sites of GABAergic, inhibitory synapses in mature cultures therefore lack N-cadherin but are associated with clusters of beta-catenin, implying that they contain a different classic cadherin. These findings indicate that N-cadherin adhesion may stabilize early synapses that can then be remodeled to express a different cadherin and that cadherins systematically differentiate between functionally (excitatory and inhibitory) and spatially distinct synaptic sites on single neurons. These results suggest that differential cadherin expression may orchestrate the point-to-point specificity displayed by developing synapses.
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818
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Almeida F, Saffrich R, Ansorge W, Carmo-Fonseca M. Microinjection of anti-coilin antibodies affects the structure of coiled bodies. J Cell Biol 1998; 142:899-912. [PMID: 9722604 PMCID: PMC2132868 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.142.4.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coiled body is a distinct subnuclear domain enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) involved in processing of pre-mRNA. Although the function of the coiled body is still unknown, current models propose that it may have a role in snRNP biogenesis, transport, or recycling. Here we describe that anti-coilin antibodies promote a specific disappearance of the coiled body in living human cells, thus providing a novel tool for the functional analysis of this structure. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against recombinant human coilin, the major structural protein of the coiled body. Four mAbs are shown to induce a progressive disappearance of coiled bodies within approximately 6 h after microinjection into the nucleus of HeLa cells. After their disappearance, coiled bodies are not seen to re-form, although injected cells remain viable for at least 3 d. Epitope mapping reveals that the mAbs recognize distinct amino acid motifs scattered along the complete coilin sequence. By 24 and 48 h after injection of antibodies that promote coiled body disappearance, splicing snRNPs are normally distributed in the nucleoplasm, the nucleolus remains unaffected, and the cell cycle progresses normally. Furthermore, cells devoid of coiled bodies for approximately 24 h maintain the ability to splice both adenoviral pre-mRNAs and transiently overexpressed human beta-globin transcripts. In conclusion, within the time range of this study, no major nuclear abnormalities are detected after coiled body disappearance.
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819
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Tenenhaus C, Schubert C, Seydoux G. Genetic requirements for PIE-1 localization and inhibition of gene expression in the embryonic germ lineage of Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol 1998; 200:212-24. [PMID: 9705228 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1998.8940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, production of new mRNAs is inhibited in the germ lineage. This inhibition requires the germline factor PIE-1, and correlates with the absence in germline blastomeres of a phosphoepitope on RNA polymerase II (RNAPII-H5). We show that PIE-1 is uniformly distributed in oocytes and newly fertilized eggs, and becomes localized asymmetrically in the late one-cell stage. To begin to dissect the mechanisms required for PIE-1 localization and inhibition of RNAPII-H5 expression, we have examined the distribution of PIE-1 and RNAPII-H5 in maternal-effect mutants that disrupt embryonic development. We find that mutants that disrupt the asymmetric divisions of germline blastomeres mislocalize PIE-1, and activate RNAPII-H5 expression in the germ lineage. In contrast, mutants that alter somatic cell identities do not affect PIE-1 localization or RNAPII-H5 expression. Our observations suggest that PIE-1 represses mRNA transcription in each germline blastomere in a concentration-dependent manner. We also show that in wild-type, and in mutants where PIE-1 is mislocalized, the cellular and subcellular distribution of PIE-1 remarkably parallels that of the P granules, suggesting that the localizations of these two germline components are coordinately regulated.
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820
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821
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Wakiguchi H, Hisakawa H, Kubota H, Kurashige T. Serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1998; 40:328-32. [PMID: 9745774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA)-immunoglobin M (IgM) is the most reliable serological marker of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, it could only be detected in limited cases of infectious mononucleosis in children. We analyzed anti-EBV antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a sensitive method for detecting IgM antibody and compared these results with those obtained by a conventional indirect immunofluorescence (IF) method. METHODS Anti-Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EA)-IgM and nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)-IgG were examined by an ELISA assay in 180 sera from 70 infants and children with infectious mononucleosis, diagnosed serologically by standard IF methods. RESULTS Although by IF, VCA-IgM was detected in only 37 of 70 (52.9%) of the sera from the acute phase of the disease, by ELISA, EA-IgM was detected in 65/70 (92.9%) of these sera. Among infants less than 12 months of age. EA-IgM was positive in 11/13 cases (84.6%) while VCA-IgM was detected in only 3/13 cases (23.1%). Anti-Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-IgG was not detected by ELISA in the sera from the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis. Anti-EBNA was not detected by IF in about one-third of the sera during 6-8 months after onset of the disease, whereas by ELISA, EBNA1-IgG was detected in 93.0%. Sera that were positive or negative for both EA-IgM and EBNA1-IgG by ELISA were observed in several cases after the patients recovered from the disease. CONCLUSIONS Although serodiagnosis by the combination of ELISA for EA-IgM and EBNAI-IgG was more sensitive than IF methods, especially in the case of infants and young children, several patients during convalescence and recovery might be judged as seronegative or as being in highly reactivated states.
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822
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Schett G, Steiner G, Smolen JS. Nuclear antigen histone H1 is primarily involved in lupus erythematosus cell formation. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:1446-55. [PMID: 9704644 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1446::aid-art15>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the nature of the antigen reactive with the "lupus erythematosus (LE) cell factor," the autoantibody involved in the LE cell phenomenon. METHODS Serum samples from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who were positive for the LE cell phenomenon (LEc+) and SLE patients who were negative for the LE cell phenomenon (LEc-) were used to characterize the nuclear antigen bound by the LE cell factor, by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation techniques. RESULTS All LEc+ sera, but none of the LEc- sera, uniformly reacted with a double band of MW approximately 30 kd in nuclear extracts. Depletion of nuclear protein extracts of antigens bound by pooled LEc- serum allowed precipitation of a low molecular weight protein by pooled LEc+ serum. This protein was able to block LE cell formation by LEc+ serum. Based on its reactivity with antihistone antibody and an electrophoretic mobility identical with that of precipitated and purified histone H1, this protein was identified as histone H1. Moreover, all LEc+ sera, but none of the LEc- sera, reacted with purified histone H1 by immunoblotting, whereas other histones were reactive with both types of sera. In addition, purified histone H1, but none of the other histones, strongly inhibited the induction of LE cells by LEc+ serum. CONCLUSION Histone H1 represents the major antigenic component recognized by the LE cell factor. Thus, the LE cell phenomenon appears to be due primarily to anti-histone H1 reactivity.
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823
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Laine RO, Phaneuf KL, Cunningham CC, Kwiatkowski D, Azuma T, Southwick FS. Gelsolin, a protein that caps the barbed ends and severs actin filaments, enhances the actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes in host cells. Infect Immun 1998; 66:3775-82. [PMID: 9673261 PMCID: PMC108414 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.8.3775-3782.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin-based motility of Listeria monocytogenes requires the addition of actin monomers to the barbed or plus ends of actin filaments. Immunofluorescence micrographs have demonstrated that gelsolin, a protein that both caps barbed ends and severs actin filaments, is concentrated directly behind motile bacteria at the junction between the actin filament rocket tail and the bacterium. In contrast, CapG, a protein that strictly caps actin filaments, fails to localize near intracellular Listeria. To explore the effect of increasing concentrations of gelsolin on bacterial motility, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transfected with gelsolin cDNA were infected with Listeria. The C5 cell line containing 2.25 times control levels of gelsolin supported significantly higher velocities of bacterial movement than did control fibroblasts (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 0.09 +/- 0.003 micro(m)/s [n = 176] versus 0.05 +/- 0.003 micro(m)/s [n = 65]). The rate of disassembly of the Listeria-induced actin filament rocket tail was found to be independent of gelsolin content. Therefore, if increases in gelsolin content result in increases in Listeria-induced rocket tail assembly rates, a positive correlation between gelsolin content and tail length would be expected. BODIPY-phalloidin staining of four different stably transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines confirmed this expectation (r = 0.92). Rocket tails were significantly longer in cells with a high gelsolin content. Microinjection of gelsolin 1/2 (consisting of the amino-terminal half of native gelsolin) also increased bacterial velocity by more than 2.2 times. Microinjection of CapG had no effect on bacterial movement. Cultured skin fibroblasts derived from gelsolin-null mice were capable of supporting intracellular Listeria motility at velocities comparable to those supported by wild-type skin fibroblasts. These experiments demonstrated that the surface of Listeria contains a polymerization zone that can block the barbed-end-capping activity of both gelsolin and CapG. The ability of Listeria to uncap actin filaments combined with the severing activity of gelsolin can accelerate actin-based motility. However, gelsolin is not absolutely required for the actin-based intracellular movement of Listeria because its function can be replaced by other actin regulatory proteins in gelsolin-null cells, demonstrating the functional redundancy of the actin system.
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824
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Abadía-Molina F, Torreblanca J, García-Herdugo G, Moreno FJ. Inhibition of nucleolar protein nucleolin by electroporation with anti-nucleolin antibodies results in an increase of the nucleolar size. Biol Cell 1998; 90:355-61. [PMID: 9800353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation of exponentially growing human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cells (HEp-2) with a serum against nucleolin, one of the most abundant non-histone nuclear proteins, has shown, 24 h after electroporation, a significant increase in the size of the nucleolus of these cells compared with normal HEp-2 cells (non-electroporated) and electroporated HEp-2 cells in the absence of anti-nucleolin serum (P < 0.01). Image analysis evaluation of the different nucleolar components proved a major contribution of the dense fibrillar component to the total nucleolar size in cells electroporated with anti-nucleolin antibodies, more than that corresponding to the dense fibrillar component in cells from any of the control groups (P < 0.01), indicating that the reported increase in nucleolar size was due to a marked enlargement of the dense fibrillar regions. These results, in agreement with previous biochemical and molecular biology studies, suggest a pivotal role for nucleolin in pre-rRNA processing and constitute morphological evidence supporting this role. Following nucleolin inhibition, impaired pre-rRNA processing might result in an accumulation of this molecular species in the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus, where pre-rRNA is first present.
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825
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Matthews DA, Russell WC. Adenovirus core protein V interacts with p32--a protein which is associated with both the mitochondria and the nucleus. J Gen Virol 1998; 79 ( Pt 7):1677-85. [PMID: 9680131 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-79-7-1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus protein V is associated with the DNA-containing virus core and functions as a bridge between the capsid and the core. A yeast two-hybrid analysis performed with a human cDNA library using protein V as 'bait' selected a cellular protein, p32 --described previously as associated with the splicing factor ASF/SF2. By expression and purification of p32 and preparation of an antibody we confirmed the binding of p32 to V by a variety of methods including immune precipitation. We demonstrated that p32 was primarily located in the cytoplasm in association with mitochondria but could also be detected in the nucleus as distinct granules and tubules. By examining infected cells using confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence we were able to follow the intracellular locations of protein V and p32 and it is postulated that p32 is part of a system which imports proteins to the nucleus and that adenovirus hijacks this process to deliver its genome to the nucleus.
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