901
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Liberman UA, Hochberg MC, Geusens P, Shah A, Lin J, Chattopadhyay A, Ross PD. Hip and non-spine fracture risk reductions differ among antiresorptive agents: Evidence from randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60:1394-400. [PMID: 17026515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of antiresorptive agents reduce the risk of vertebral fractures, but few have shown consistent effects on hip and other non-spine fractures. Meta-analysis provides a more precise estimate than individual trials when results are consistent across pooled trials. Earlier meta-analyses summarised the results for vertebral and non-spine fractures. New data have emerged for hormone therapy (HT), alendronate (ALN), risedronate (RIS) and ibandronate (IBN). We surveyed recent reports of randomised, placebo-controlled trials with non-spine and/or hip fracture data, and used meta-analysis where appropriate to test for heterogeneity and derive pooled estimates. The magnitude of effect on hip fracture appears to be similar to that for non-spine fracture for each drug, but differs among drugs. Based on the current data, ALN reduces the risk of hip and non-spine fracture by 49-55%, HT by 25-36% and RIS by 26-27%. There is insufficient and/or inconsistent evidence of an effect on these fractures for IBN, calcitonin and raloxifene.
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902
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Kong X, Xiao T, Lin J, Wang Y, Chen HD. Relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1077-81. [PMID: 17002606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationships among genotypes, virulence and clinical forms of Sporothrix schenckii. Genomic DNA from isolates of S. schenckii, collected from different clinical forms of sporotrichosis, was amplified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Suspensions of different isolates of S. schenckii were inoculated into healthy BALB/c mice to compare their virulence, and the numbers and distribution of spores were determined by histological analysis. RAPD analysis indicated that the isolates from different clinical forms of sporotrichosis belonged to different genotypes. The mice inoculated with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis showed an earlier onset of illness and more severe lesions than those inoculated with isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, which, in turn, showed an earlier onset of illness and more severe lesions than those inoculated with isolates from fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. Healthy BALB/c mice injected with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis died within 10 days, whereas isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis failed to cause death. Histologically, mice inoculated with isolates from disseminated sporotrichosis had more spores than those inoculated with isolates from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis. Thus, different genotypes may be associated closely with the virulence of different clinical forms of S. schenckii infection.
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903
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Robinson M, Lin J. 559 POSTER AV-412, a potent EGFR/HER2 TK inhibitor causes tumor regression in novel genetically engineered EGFRL858R and EGFRL858R&T790M lung tumor models. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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904
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterised by sacroiliitis and spondylitis. Generally, treatment is limited to the alleviation of symptoms using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Recently, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been used for patients for whom NSAIDs do not work. Methotrexate (MTX), a widely used DMARD, is effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so might work for AS too. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of MTX for treating AS. SEARCH STRATEGY We conducted searches in any language in: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2005); MEDLINE (1966 to November 20, 2005); EMBASE (1980 to November 20, 2005); CINAHL (1982 to November 20, 2005), and the reference sections of retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials examining the efficacy of MTX versus placebo, other medication, or no medication, for AS. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed unblinded trial reports for inclusion, assessed methodological quality and entered trial data into RevMan 4.2 using the double-entry facility. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. In the absence of significant heterogeneity, results for continuous data were combined using weighted mean difference or standardised mean difference. Relative risk was used for dichotomous data. MAIN RESULTS Three trials, involving 116 patients, were included. One 12-month trial compared naproxen plus MTX with naproxen alone. Two 24-week trials compared different doses of MTX with placebo. No statistically significant differences were found for the primary outcome measures of physical function, pain, spinal mobility, peripheral joints/entheses pain, swelling and tenderness, changes in spine radiographs and patient and physician global assessment. Only the response rate in one trial showed a statistically significant benefit of 36% in the MTX group compared to the placebo group (RR 3.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 9.79). This response rate was a composite index that included assessments of morning stiffness, physical well-being, Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), health assessment questionnaire for spondyloarthropathies (HAQ-S), and physician and patient global assessment. However, no single outcome showed a statistically significant difference between the MTX and placebo groups when endpoint results were compared. Therefore, this benefit of MTX is questionable. No serious side effects were reported in these trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is not enough evidence to support any benefit of MTX in the treatment of AS. High-quality randomised controlled trials of longer durations and with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the effect(s) of MTX on AS.
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905
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Ye B, Ya C, Zhao J, Ge H, Lin J. P-864. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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906
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Yuan J, Lin J, Xu A, Li H, Hu B, Chen J, Yao J, Dong H, Jiang M. Antepartum immunoprophylaxis of three doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin is not effective: a single-centre randomized study. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13:597-604. [PMID: 16907846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the efficacy of antepartum administration of three doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg), currently being used in China, 250 pregnant women who were seropositive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were randomly divided into study (117 cases) and control groups (133 cases). Subjects in the study group received HBIg 400 IU intramuscularly once a month at the third, second and first month before delivery; subjects in the control group received no antepartum treatment. All neonates received passive-active immunization after birth. The maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titres and HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels were measured at week 28 of gestation (before the antepartum treatment) and at labour; the neonatal serum HBV markers were detected at birth and at 12 months after birth. No side-effects were found in any of the women or their neonates. No statistical differences were seen between the maternal HBsAg and HBV DNA levels of the study and control groups at labour nor the protective efficacy rates of postnatal immunoprophylaxis at 12 months after birth (P > 0.05, respectively). To conclude, antepartum administration of three doses of HBIg for the HBeAg-positive women is inefficacious.
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907
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Fu ZH, Lin J, Lu LJ, Xu JG. 814 IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF FU'S SUBCUTANEOUS NEEDLING FOR SHOULDER PAIN. Eur J Pain 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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908
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BeLue R, Taylor-Richardson KD, Lin J, Rivera AT, Grandison D. African Americans and participation in clinical trials: differences in beliefs and attitudes by gender. Contemp Clin Trials 2006; 27:498-505. [PMID: 16962382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore gender differences in perceptions of 1) barriers and motivators to participation in clinical trials and perceived need of clinical trials and 2) perceptions of risks and benefits of participation in clinical trials in African American men and women. METHODS Focus groups were conducted among African American participants by gender. A total of 67 African American participated in the focus groups. All focus groups were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed by combining the key elements of grounded theory and content analysis with the assistance of the qualitative software ATLAS.ti 5.0. RESULTS Different themes emerged for men versus women. The business and economic of research were important to male participants. The researcher-participant relationship emerged as one of the strongest themes related to potential female participation in research. DISCUSSION Focus group results indicate that African American men and women present different preferences, beliefs and barriers to participation. Men expressed the desire to know information on funding issues, financial benefit and impact of the research. Women expressed the desire to be treated respectfully and as an individual as opposed to just a study subject. Integrating gender preferences into researcher-participant interactions, advertisement, informed consent delivery and advertisement of research studies may lead to increased participation rates. Discussing and presenting relevant information on clinical research funding mechanisms, and the business of clinical research with potential participants may be helpful in building trust with the researcher and the research team. Creating a process for information exchange and methods to minimize the power imbalance between the researcher and participant may also build trust and help participants feel more comfortable to participate in research.
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909
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Wu Y, Zhong W, Li L, Zhang L, Zhou C, Liu W, Lin J, Zhou Q, Xu C, Zhang G, Mok T. EGFR mutations and the correlation with gefitinib therapy in Chinese NSCLC—A systematic review based on individual patient data from 5 medical centers in China. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7187 Background: EGFR mutations were found to have a significant association with response to gefitinib. To date, information on status of EGFR mutation in Chinese remains scanty. Comprehensive review of existing information on EGFR mutations is essential for treatment selection in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: We published 4 abstracts on EGFR mutation in Chinese patients at the 41st ASCO. We performed an IPD-meta-analysis on the data from the above investigators plus another one. The original individual EGFR mutations (exon 18,19,21) data was collected. Gefitinib was given with 250 mg/d until disease progression. Results: Total 407 cases were into the IPD review. The patient characteristic was male: female = 258:149; adenocarcinoma: other = 259:148; smoker: nonsmoker =178:153. The EGFR mutation rate was 3.05% (124/407). For adeno subgroup the EGFR mutation rate was 42.5% (110/259), non- adeno was 9.5% (14/148). In female the EGFR mutation rate was 41.6% (62/149), male was 24.0% (62/258). Non-smoker was 39.2% (60/153), smoker was 18.5% (33/178). In univariate analysis adeno, smoking, gender was significant predictive factors for EGFR mutation but in logistic regression only adeno is independent correlation factor (p = 0.000, 95% CI 2.078—9.001). Conclusions: The EGFR mutation is more common in no-smoking female adeno patients with NSCLC. The EGFR mutation group has a tendency of response rate to gefitinib compare to the EGFR wild group in NSCLC patients. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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910
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Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang G, Lin J, Zhou Q, Xu C, Guo A. K-ras and EGFR mutations in 24 Chinese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
17109 Background: It was previously reported that K-ras mutations could behave as a resistance marker for response to gefitinib while EGFR mutations make NSCLC more responsive to this medication. And it is known that Asians and Westerners have different responses to gefitinib. Therefore, we are to identify the mutational status of K-ras and EGFR in the group of Chinese patients with NSCLC especially adenocarcinoma treated with gefitinib to find some helpful information. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor specimens, including liquid nitrogen frozen tumor, paraffin blocks and fine needle biopsies from 24 patients with advanced NSCLC, who failed at least one platinum-based regimen, treated with gefitinib. Nested polymerase chain reaction products of codons 12, 13, 59, and 61 of K-ras and exon 18 through 21 of EGFR were directly sequenced at least twice. Results: Patients’ age ranges from 24 to 71 years (54.8 ± 10.2). Male/female was 14/10. Thirteen patients were smokers and 11 were non-smokers. Eighteen were adenocarcinomas, 2 were bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, 2 were squamous cell carcinomas and 2 were large cell carcinomas. The disease control (CR+PR+SD) rate was 79.2% (19/24) and the objective response (CR+PR) rate was 50.0% (12/24). No K-ras gene mutation was found in all patients. Fifteen patients (62.5%, 15/24) harbored EGFR mutations, which were delE746-A750 (8), delE746-A751 (1), delE746-A751insA (1), L861Q (1), L858R (5) and A871G (1). Two patients had double mutations (delE746-A750 and L858R). The disease control rate for wild type and mutant EGFR were 66.7% (6/9) and 86.7% (13/15), and the objective response rate were 33.3% (3/9) and 60.0% (9/15). Median time to progress (TTP) for wild type and mutant EGFR were 439 days (SE 249.8) and 367 days (SE 108.8). However, no statistically significant differences were found between these two groups regarding the response rates and TTP. Conclusions: K-ras mutation may occur at a low frequency in Chinese NSCLC groups despite the pathology, status of smoking, gender and EGFR mutations. And the relationship between the response to gefitinib and K-ras mutation might still remain to be determined at least in Chinese NSCLC. And the role of EGFR mutations in prediction of response to gefitinib should be further studied. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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911
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Yao N, Kao W, Chao T, Hsieh R, Lin J, Su C, Lo S. A phase II study of gemcitabine and liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) as first line chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10688 Background: To determine the overall objective response rate (ORR) of Lipo-Dox plus Gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods: We are conducting an open-label, non-comparative phase II clinical trial in Simon’s 2-stage optimal design to assess the efficacy and the safety of the treatment with Gemcitabine (Gems) plus Liposomal Doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. All eligible subjects received Lipo-Dox 25 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 1 hr and follow by gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) over 30 minutes on day 1, and receive gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 intravenously (iv) over 30 minutes only on day 8 in a 21-day cycle. Results: Between July 2004 and December 2005, a total of 21 patients were enrolled in the study and total of 136 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered with a median of six per patients (range 1–16). 17 patients (80.8%) who had at least one post-treatment evaluation and exposed to at least two cycles of treatment were included in this report. Characteristics of the 17 patients: All females; median age 52 years (range 36 - 68); 16 pts had a performance status (PS) of 0 or 1 and 1 had a PS of 2 (ECOG scale); Histology: All metastatic breast cancer. The response assessment of the 17 patients: Complete response was observed in 2, partial response in 5, stable disease in 8, and progressive disease in 2 patients. Overall response rate was 41.17%. Major grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were neutropenia in 9 pts, thrombocytopenia in 2 pt and leukopenia in 5 pts. Peripheral neuropathy was noted in 1 patient (grade 2). Other toxicities occurred during the treatment cycles were all manageable or tolerable. Patient recruitment, treatment and follow-up are still ongoing. Conclusion: Liposomal Doxorubicin used in the regimen reduces the incidence of alopecia (hair loss) to grade 1 compare to the conventional doxorubicin. This study, with an overall response rate of 41.1% (CR+PR) and a rate of stable disease of 47.05%, has shown a good activity with mild and acceptable toxicities of Gemcitabine (Gems) plus Liposomal Doxorubicin (Lipo-Dox) regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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912
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Jia P, Liu X, Yu M, Luo Y, Fang J, Lin J. Luminescence properties of sol–gel derived spherical SiO2@Gd2(WO4)3:Eu3+ particles with core–shell structure. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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913
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Lin J, Yuan XC, Tao SH, Burge RE. Variable-radius focused optical vortex with suppressed sidelobes. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1600-2. [PMID: 16688233 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a design for a phase mask for generating an optical vortex with suppressed sidelobes in the focal plane where the radius of the intensity ring is variable. A radial modulation added to conventional phase mask exp(iltheta) projects the light diffracted from different annular zones into a single intensity ring in the focal plane.
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914
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915
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Pol VG, Pol SV, Gedanken A, Lim SH, Zhong Z, Lin J. Thermal Decomposition of Commercial Silicone Oil to Produce High Yield High Surface Area SiC Nanorods. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:11237-40. [PMID: 16771390 DOI: 10.1021/jp061407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the synthesis of high surface area (563m2/g) beta-SiC nanorods by thermal decomposition of commercial silicone oil at a relatively low reaction temperature (800 degrees C) in a closed Swagelok cell. High yield (75%) of SiC nanorods are obtained in this one-stage, solvent-, catalyst-, and template-free synthesis technique that runs at a relative low temperature and employs cheap single-precursor. The morphological (TEM, HR-SEM), compositional (CHNS, EDX, SAEDX]), structural (XRD, HR-TEM, and ED), thermal (TGA) characterizations and surface area analysis are carried out for the obtained SiC nanorods. The possibility of hydrogen storage in this high surface area nano-SiC rods are also tested and reported for the first time.
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916
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Lin J, Nishiguchi KM, Nakamura M, Dryja TP, Berson EL, Miyake Y. Recessive mutations in the CYP4V2 gene in East Asian and Middle Eastern patients with Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy. J Med Genet 2006; 42:e38. [PMID: 15937078 PMCID: PMC1736086 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.029066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterised by tiny yellowish glittering retinal crystals, choroidal sclerosis, and crystals in the peripheral cornea, associated with progressive night blindness. CYP4V2, encoding a member of cytochrome p450 (CYP450) protein family, was recently identified as the causative gene. METHODS We recruited 11 unrelated patients with BCD and characteristic clinical features; eight of Japanese, two of Middle Eastern, and one of Chinese ancestry. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, and all 11 exons and the flanking intron splice sites of the CYP4V2 gene were amplified and sequenced. A complete ophthalmological examination was performed. RESULTS We found recessive mutations in the CYP4V2 gene in all of the 11 patients. Two novel mutations, L173W and Q450X, were identified in a Japanese patient and two unrelated patients from Middle Eastern countries, respectively. Each patient was a homozygote. A previously reported mutation IVS6-8_810delinsGC was identified in seven unrelated Japanese patients and the Chinese patient with BCD. All patients with BCD shared a characteristic fundus appearance with numerous intraretinal crystal deposits and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. However, the clinical findings, including elecroretinograph recordings, indicated that there was considerable variation in the degree of visual dysfunction even among patients of similar ages carrying the same mutation. CONCLUSIONS Defects in CYP4V2 are the main cause of BCD. The IVS6-8_810delinsGC mutant allele may be especially prevalent among patients with BCD in East Asian countries, resulting from a single founder. Variation of disease severity suggests that environmental or additional genetic factors influence the course of the retinal disease.
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917
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Lin J, Bierhaus A, Bugert P, Dietrich N, Feng Y, Vom Hagen F, Nawroth P, Brownlee M, Hammes HP. Effect of R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1089-96. [PMID: 16520919 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hyperglycaemia-induced mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is central to the pathogenesis of endothelial damage in diabetes. R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid has advantages over classic antioxidants, as it distributes to the mitochondria, is regenerated by glycolytic flux, and has a low redox potential. METHODS To assess the effect of R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid on experimental diabetic retinopathy, three groups of male Wistar rats were studied: non-diabetic controls, untreated diabetic controls, and diabetic rats treated with 60 mg/kg bodyweight R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid i.p. for 30 weeks. Quantitative retinal morphometry included acellular occluded capillaries and pericyte numbers. The effects of R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid on parameters of oxidative and nitrative stress, AGE and its receptor and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) were assessed by immunoblotting, and NFkappaB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factors were also determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS After 30 weeks of diabetes, the number of acellular capillaries was significantly elevated in diabetic rats (57.1+/-10.6 acellular capillary segments [ac]/mm(2) of retinal area) compared with non-diabetic (19.8+/-5.1 ac/mm(2); p<0.001). Treatment with 60 mg/kg R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid reduced the numbers by 88% (p<0.001 vs diabetic). Pericyte loss was also significantly inhibited in diabetic rats treated with R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid (non-diabetic: 1,940+/-137 pericytes/mm(2)capillary area; untreated diabetic: 1,294+/-94 pericytes/mm(2)capillary area vs treated diabetic: 1,656+/-134 pericytes/mm(2); p<0.01). R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced oxidative stress, normalised NFkappaB activation and angiopoietin-2 expression, and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor in the diabetic retina by 43% (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION R-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid prevents microvascular damage through normalised pathways downstream of mitochondrial overproduction of ROS, and preserves pericyte coverage of retinal capillaries, which may provide additional endothelial protection.
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918
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Li GZ, Yu M, Wang ZL, Lin J, Wang RS, Fang J. Sol-gel fabrication and photoluminescence properties of SiO2 @ Gd2O3:Eu3+ core-shell particles. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 6:1416-22. [PMID: 16792374 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A uniform nanolayer of europium-doped Gd2O3 was coated on the surface of preformed submicron silica spheres by a Pechini sol-gel process. The resulted SiO2 @ Gd2O3:Eu3+ core-shell structured phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as kinetic decays. The XRD results show that the Gd2O3:Eu3+ layers start to crystallize on the SiO2 spheres after annealing at 400 degrees C and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. The core-shell phosphors possess perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size: 640 nm) and non-agglomeration. The thickness of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ shells on the SiO2 cores can be adjusted by changing the deposition cycles (70 nm for three deposition cycles). Under short UV excitation, the obtained SiO2@Gd2O3:Eu3+ particles show a strong red emission with 5D0-7F2 (610 nm) of Eu3+ as the most prominent group. The PL intensity of Eu3+ increases with increasing the annealing temperature and the number of coating cycles.
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919
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Andersen G, Wegner L, Yanagisawa K, Rose CS, Lin J, Glümer C, Drivsholm T, Borch-Johnsen K, Jørgensen T, Hansen T, Spiegelman BM, Pedersen O. Evidence of an association between genetic variation of the coactivator PGC-1beta and obesity. J Med Genet 2006; 42:402-7. [PMID: 15863669 PMCID: PMC1736055 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.026278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1beta (PGC-1beta) is a recently identified homologue of the tissue specific coactivator PGC-1alpha, a coactivator of transcription factors such as the peroxisome proliferators activated receptors and nuclear respiratory factors. PGC-1alpha is involved in adipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid beta oxidation, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. METHODS We studied variation in the coding region of human PPARGC1B in Danish whites and related these variations to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in population based samples. RESULTS Twenty nucleotide variants were identified. In a study of 525 glucose tolerant subjects, the Ala203Pro and Val279Ile variants were in almost complete linkage disequilibrium (R2 = 0.958). In a case-control study of obesity involving a total of 7790 subjects, the 203Pro allele was significantly less frequent among obese participants (p = 0.004; minor allele frequencies: normal weight subjects 8.1% (95% confidence interval: 7.5 to 8.8), overweight subjects 7.6% (7.0 to 8.3), obese subjects 6.5% (5.6 to 7.3)). In a case-control study involving 1433 patients with type 2 diabetes and 4935 glucose tolerant control subjects, none of the examined variants were associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Variation of PGC-1beta may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, with a widespread Ala203 allele being a risk factor for the development of this common disorder.
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920
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Wong XW, Singh-Levett I, Hollingsworth LJ, Shaw GM, Hann CE, Lotz T, Lin J, Wong OSW, Chase JG. A novel, model-based insulin and nutrition delivery controller for glycemic regulation in critically ill patients. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:174-90. [PMID: 16734548 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients are often hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, as well as highly dynamic. Tight glucose control has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in critical care. A physiological model of the glucose-insulin regulatory system is improved and used to develop an adaptive control protocol utilizing both nutritional and insulin inputs to control hyperglycemia. The approach is clinically verified in a critical care patient cohort. METHODS A simple two-compartment model for glucose rate of appearance in plasma due to stepwise enteral glucose fluxes is developed and incorporated into a previously validated system model. A control protocol modulating intravenous insulin infusion and bolus, with an enteral feed rate, is developed, enabling tight and predictive glycemic regulation to preset targets. The control protocol is adaptive to patient time-variant effective insulin resistance. The model and protocol are verified in seven 10-h and one 24-h proof-of-concept clinical trials. Ethics approval was granted by the Canterbury Ethics Committee. RESULTS Insulin requirements varied widely following acute changes in patient physiology. The algorithm developed successfully adapted to patient metabolic status and insulin sensitivity, achieving an average target acquisition error of 9.3% with 90.7% of all targets achieved within +/-20%. Prediction errors may not be distinguishable from sensor measurement errors. Large errors (>20%) are attributable to highly dynamic and unpredictable changes in patient condition. CONCLUSIONS Tight, targeted stepwise regulation was exhibited in all trials. Overall, tight glycemic regulation is achieved in a broad critical care cohort with optimized insulin and nutrition delivery, effectively managing glycemia even with high effective insulin resistance.
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Wang H, Yu M, Lin CK, Lin J. Core-shell structured SiO2@YVO4:Dy3+/Sm3+ phosphor particles: sol-gel preparation and characterization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 300:176-82. [PMID: 16631187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spherical SiO(2) particles have been coated with YVO(4):Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) phosphor layers by a Pechini sol-gel process, leading to the formation of core-shell structured SiO(2)@YVO(4):Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) particles. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting SiO(2)@YVO(4):Dy(3+)/Sm(3+) core-shell phosphors. The obtained core-shell phosphors have perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size ca. 300 nm), smooth surface and non-agglomeration. The thickness of shells could be easily controlled by changing the number of deposition cycles (20 nm for one deposition cycle). The core-shell particles show strong characteristic emission from Dy(3+) for SiO(2)@YVO(4):Dy(3+) and from Sm(3+) for SiO(2)@YVO(4):Sm(3+) due to an efficient energy transfer from YVO(4) host to them. The PL intensity of Dy(3+) and Sm(3+) increases with raising the annealing temperature and the number of coating cycles.
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922
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Badger J, Sauder JM, Adams JM, Antonysamy S, Bain K, Bergseid MG, Buchanan SG, Buchanan MD, Batiyenko Y, Christopher JA, Emtage S, Eroshkina A, Feil I, Furlong EB, Gajiwala KS, Gao X, He D, Hendle J, Huber A, Hoda K, Kearins P, Kissinger C, Laubert B, Lewis HA, Lin J, Loomis K, Lorimer D, Louie G, Maletic M, Marsh CD, Miller I, Molinari J, Muller-Dieckmann HJ, Newman JM, Noland BW, Pagarigan B, Park F, Peat TS, Post KW, Radojicic S, Ramos A, Romero R, Rutter ME, Sanderson WE, Schwinn KD, Tresser J, Winhoven J, Wright TA, Wu L, Xu J, Harris TJR. Structural analysis of a set of proteins resulting from a bacterial genomics project. Proteins 2006; 60:787-96. [PMID: 16021622 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The targets of the Structural GenomiX (SGX) bacterial genomics project were proteins conserved in multiple prokaryotic organisms with no obvious sequence homolog in the Protein Data Bank of known structures. The outcome of this work was 80 structures, covering 60 unique sequences and 49 different genes. Experimental phase determination from proteins incorporating Se-Met was carried out for 45 structures with most of the remainder solved by molecular replacement using members of the experimentally phased set as search models. An automated tool was developed to deposit these structures in the Protein Data Bank, along with the associated X-ray diffraction data (including refined experimental phases) and experimentally confirmed sequences. BLAST comparisons of the SGX structures with structures that had appeared in the Protein Data Bank over the intervening 3.5 years since the SGX target list had been compiled identified homologs for 49 of the 60 unique sequences represented by the SGX structures. This result indicates that, for bacterial structures that are relatively easy to express, purify, and crystallize, the structural coverage of gene space is proceeding rapidly. More distant sequence-structure relationships between the SGX and PDB structures were investigated using PDB-BLAST and Combinatorial Extension (CE). Only one structure, SufD, has a truly unique topology compared to all folds in the PDB.
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923
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Lin ZL, Yu HM, Lin J, Chen SQ, Liang ZQ, Zhang ZY. Mild hypothermia via selective head cooling as neuroprotective therapy in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia: an experience from a single neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol 2006; 26:180-4. [PMID: 16407967 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of mild hypothermia via selective head cooling as a neuroprotective therapy in term infants with perinatal asphyxia. STUDY DESIGN Full-term newborns who had 5 min Apgar scores <6, first arterial blood gas pH<7.10 or BD>15 mEq/l, and with the clinical signs of encephalopathy were enrolled within 6 h after birth. Patients were randomized to receive mild hypothermia treatment via selective head cooling for a total of 72 h or receive routine treatment as a control. Brain hypoxic-ischemic injury was quantified based on the head computed tomographic scan (CT scan) at postnatal age 5-7 days and a Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) score at 7-10 days of life. RESULTS A total of 58 patients (30 hypothermia, 28 control) completed the study. Hypothermia was well tolerated in this study and attenuated the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury due to perinatal asphyxia. Head CT scan demonstrated moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic changes in only 4/30 cases from the hypothermic group. In contrast, 18/28 cases in the control group showed moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic changes (chi (2)=15.97, P<0.01). Brain hypothermia also significantly improved the NBNA score (32+/-2 in the hypothermic group vs 28+/-3 in the control group, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that selective head cooling may be used as a neuroprotective therapy in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia. A long-term follow-up study is needed to further validate the results of this study.
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Song HS, Elssfah EM, Zhang J, Lin J, Luo JJ, Liu SJ, Huang Y, Ding XX, Gao JM, Qi SR, Tang C. High-Aspect-Ratio Aluminum Borate Nanowire Bundles Supported by Sucrose. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5966-9. [PMID: 16553404 DOI: 10.1021/jp056655+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-aspect-ratio and single-crystal aluminum borate (Al(18)B(4)O(33)) nanowire bundles with an ordered orientation were synthesized by using an innovative sucrose-assisted growth process. The process involves the dehydration and polycondensation of aluminum borate-sucrose solution to form a highly viscous precursor. The sucrose plays a crucial role in the growth of the nanowire bundles by supporting as a polymeric substrate and a type of adhesive template. Electron microscopy was used to characterize the high-aspect-ratio nanowire bundles. A possible growth mechanism for the nanowire bundles is proposed.
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925
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Lin J, Hu FB, Rimm EB, Rifai N, Curhan GC. The association of serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers with renal function in men with type II diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int 2006; 69:336-42. [PMID: 16408124 PMCID: PMC1630638 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and inflammation may promote renal disease via mechanisms of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Sparse data, however, are available on the relation of lipids and inflammatory biomarkers and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in type II DM. We performed a cross-sectional study of 732 men with type II DM enrolled in the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Plasma creatinine was used to estimate GFR by the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. In men with a GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apoprotein B, fibrinogen, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) were significantly higher when compared to the referent group (GFR> or =90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). In multivariable logistic regression, those in the highest quartiles of the following biomarkers had increased odds of having a GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) when compared to those in the lowest quartiles: triglycerides (odds ratio (OR) 3.11; 95% CI, 1.52-6.36), fibrinogen (OR 5.40; 95% CI 2.14-13.65), sTNFR-2 (OR 8.34; 95% CI 3.50-19.88) and VCAM (OR 4.50; 95% CI 1.98-10.23). An inverse association was observed for HDL (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.24-0.98). We found no association between C-reactive protein and GFR. The results were similar when creatinine clearance by Cockcroft-Gault was used to estimate kidney function. We conclude that several potentially modifiable lipid and inflammatory biomarkers are elevated in the setting of moderately decreased GFR in men with type II DM and may be the link between renal insufficiency and increased risk for cardiovascular events in this population.
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