Microbiological hydroxylation of cinerone to cinerolone

Cinerone [2-(2'-cis-butenyl)-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one] is hydroxylated to cinerolone [2-(2'-cis-butenyl)-3-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one] by a number of streptomycetes, bacteria, and fungi. Aspergillus niger ATCC 9,142 and Streptomyces aureofaciens ATCC 10,762 were found to be the most effective hydroxylators. The optical activity of the product was found to range from [alpha](D) (25) 0 degrees to -8.6 degrees , depending on the organism and conditions of culture. Two additional hydroxylated products of cinerone have been isolated and identified as 2-n-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2-(2'-cis-butenyl-4'-hydroxy)-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, respectively.

Experimental allogeneic tooth transplantation in the rhesus monkey

Forty-eight tooth allografts were studied histologically and radiographically four days to 13 months after transplantation. The pulp and periodontal ligament degenerated and appeared to be replaced by host tissues. The relationship of attached fibers or uncalcified cells of hard tissues to allograft immunity and the similarity of tooth allografts to other tissue allografts were discussed.