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Martines de Souza B, Vertuan M, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. The Impact of the Demineralized Organic Matrix on the Effect of TiF4 Varnish on the Progression of Dentin Erosive Loss. Caries Res 2017; 51:264-270. [DOI: 10.1159/000475534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study compared the effect of TiF4 varnish with that of NaF varnish, applied on pre-eroded bovine dentin samples, with respect to the progression of erosive loss, in the presence or absence of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). One hundred and sixty bovine dentin samples were pre-eroded (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min). Half of the samples were subjected to the DOM removal (collagenase solution, 5 days). Samples with and without the DOM were treated according to the groups (n = 20 with DOM and 20 without DOM/group): TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), NaF varnish (2.45% F), placebo varnish (without fluoride) and control (no treatment). Thereafter, the treated samples were submitted to erosive challenges 4 × 90 s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) during 7 days. Between the challenges, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The dentin erosive loss was measured using contact profilometry (µm, n = 15). Five dentin samples per group were prepared for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Data were compared using 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). Both fluoride varnishes were effective in reducing the erosive loss progression regardless of the dentin condition when compared to placebo varnish and control groups. Despite the fact that the TiF4 varnish was more effective than the NaF varnish for both dentin conditions (p < 0.001), its effect was significantly reduced in the absence of DOM (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the TiF4 varnish is the best treatment in reducing the progression of dentin erosive loss (100%) in vitro, but its protective effect is more pronounced in the presence of DOM.
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152
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Melo CGDS, Perles JVCM, Zanoni JN, Souza SRGD, Santos EX, Leite ADL, Heubel AD, E Souza CO, Souza JGD, Buzalaf MAR. Enteric innervation combined with proteomics for the evaluation of the effects of chronic fluoride exposure on the duodenum of rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1070. [PMID: 28432311 PMCID: PMC5430799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingested fluoride (F) is absorbed mainly in the small intestine, which is controlled by the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Although important intestinal symptomatology has been described after excessive F exposure, there have been no studies reporting the effects of F on the ENS. In this study, the effects of chronic F exposure were evaluated on the duodenums of rats through proteomic and morphological analyses. Concentrations of 0, 10, or 50 ppm of F were applied to the drinking water for 30 days. Immunofluorescence techniques were performed in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum to detect HuC/D, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). The 50 ppm F group presented a significant decrease in the density of nNOS-IR neurons. Significant morphological alterations were also observed in HUC/D-IR and nNOS-IR neurons; VIP-IR, CGRP-IR, and SP-IR varicosities for both groups (10 and 50 ppm F). Proteomic analysis of the duodenum demonstrated alterations in the expression of several proteins, especially those related to important biological processes, such as protein polymerization, which helps to explain the downregulation of many proteins upon exposure to 50 ppm of F.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erika Xavier Santos
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Oliveira E Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gadelha de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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153
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Olympio KPK, Gonçalves CG, Salles FJ, Ferreira APSDS, Soares AS, Buzalaf MAR, Cardoso MRA, Bechara EJH. What are the blood lead levels of children living in Latin America and the Caribbean? Environ Int 2017; 101:46-58. [PMID: 28159393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Information on the prevalence of lead exposure is essential to formulate efficient public health policies. Developed countries have implemented successful public policies for the prevention and control of lead poisoning. In the United States, Canada, Japan and the European Union, for instance, periodically repeated prevalence studies show that blood lead levels (BLLs) in children have decreased overall. Although BLL of Latino children in the U.S. have also dropped in recent years, the geometric mean remains higher than that of white children. Little is known about lead exposure in children in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In this review, we responded to two questions: What is currently known about lead sources and levels in children in LAC? Are there public policies to prevent children's exposure to lead in LAC? METHOD We conducted a literature review covering the period from January 2000 to March 2014 in the PubMed and Lilacs databases to obtain English, Portuguese and Spanish language studies reporting the prevalence of BLLs in children aged 0-18years living in LAC countries. No specific analytical method was selected, and given the scarcity of data, the study was highly inclusive. RESULTS Fifty-six papers were selected from 16 different LAC countries. The children's BLLs found in this review are high (≥10μg/dL) compared to BLLs for the same age group in the U. S. However, most studies reported an association with some type of "lead hot spot", in which children can be exposed to lead levels similar to those of occupational settings. Only Peru and Mexico reported BLLs in children from population-based studies. CONCLUSIONS Most BLLs prevalence studies carried out in LAC were in areas with known emission sources. The percentage of children at risk of lead poisoning in LAC is unknown, and probably underestimated. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish public health policies to quantify and prevent lead poisoning, specifically by prioritizing the identification and control of "hot spots".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cláudia Gaudência Gonçalves
- Departamento de Controle Ambiental/Grupo Técnico Permanente de Áreas Contaminadas - Secretaria do Verde e Meio Ambiente de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Junqueira Salles
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Agnes Silva Soares
- Sustainable Development and Health Equity, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Alves Cardoso
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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154
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Boteon AP, Prakki A, Rabelo Buzalaf MA, Rios D, Honorio HM. Effect of different concentrations and application times of proanthocyanidin gels on dentin erosion. Am J Dent 2017; 30:96-100. [PMID: 29178771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effect of different concentrations and application times of proanthocyanidin gels on dentin before an erosive challenge in order to evaluate if there is a dose-response or application time-response relationship in the use of these gels for erosion prevention. METHODS 80 bovine root dentin blocks were randomly and equally divided into 10 groups and treated according to the two factors under study (purified grape seed proanthocyanidin gel concentration and time of application): 0.05P1: 0.05% proanthocyanidin gel during 1 minute; 0.05P5: 0.05% proanthocyanidin gel during 5 minutes; 1P1: 1% proanthocyanidin gel during 1 minute; 1P5: 1% proanthocyanidin gel during 5 minutes; 5P1: 5% proanthocyanidin gel during 1 minute; 5P5: 5% proantho-cyanidin gel during 5 minutes; 10P1: 10% proanthocyanidin gel during 1 minute; 10P5: 10% proanthocyanidin gel during 5 minutes; Control 1: placebo gel during 1 minute; and Control 5: placebo gel during 5 minutes. The gels were applied over dentin blocks once before the first erosive challenge. After that, the blocks were subjected to three erosive cycles per day, during 5 days. Profilometry was used to quantify the dentin loss (µm). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (P< 0.05). RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the application times. The different concentrations of proanthocianidin gels presented similar results (P> 0.05). All tested gels resulted in significantly less wear when compared to the placebo gel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Grape seed proanthocyanidin gels could be considered as a promising therapy to diminish erosive dentin wear because it may interact with the exposed collagen, enhancing the demineralized organic matrix stabilization, which acts as a barrier against the diffusion of the acids from erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Boteon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Restorative), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Marques Honorio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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155
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Ferreira MCDF, Zucki F, Duarte JL, Iano FG, Ximenes VF, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira RCD. Influence of iron on modulation of the antioxidant system in rat brains exposed to lead. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:813-822. [PMID: 27170105 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate markers of oxidative stress in the brains of rats exposed to lead acetate (Pb(C2 H3 O2 )2 ), either associated or not associated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 ). A total of 36 weaning rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 6 groups of six animals and exposed to lead acetate for six weeks. In the control group (control), the animals received deionized water. The Pb260 and Pb260 + Fe received 260 µM lead acetate, and the Pb1050 and Pb1050 + Fe received 1050 µM lead acetate. The Pb260 + Fe and Pb1050 + Fe were supplemented with 20 mg of ferrous sulfate/Kg body weight every 2 days. Group Fe received deionized water and ferrous sulfate. The rat brains were collected to analyze the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and total antioxidant substance (TAS) (DPPH• technique). The activity of SOD and GPx in the experimental groups decreased compared to the control, together with the concentration of GSH (p < 0.05). For CAT analysis, SOD tended to increase in concentration in the experimental groups without a concomitant exposure to FeSO4 , whereas GPx showed a slight tendency to increase in activity compared to the control. For TAS-DPPH• , there was a decrease in the experimental groups (p < 0.05). According to the results, SOD, GPx, and GSH were affected by lead acetate and exposure to ferrous sulfate changed this dynamic. However, further studies are needed to verify whether ferrous sulfate acts as a protectant against the toxic effects of lead. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 813-822, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília de Freitas Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zucki
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Josilene Luciene Duarte
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Flávia Godoy Iano
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 1401 Bauru-SP 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences/Biochemistry, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo. Alameda Dr. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Bauru-SP, 17012-901, Brazil
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156
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Oliveira FAD, Matos AA, Matsuda SS, Buzalaf MAR, Bagnato VS, Machado MADAM, Damante CA, Oliveira RCD, Peres-Buzalaf C. Low level laser therapy modulates viability, alkaline phosphatase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activities of osteoblasts. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 169:35-40. [PMID: 28264787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to stimulate bone cell metabolism but their impact on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity is little explored. This study evaluated the influence of LLLT at two different wavelengths, red and infrared, on MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MMP-2 and -9 activities. To accomplish this, MC3T3-E1 cells were irradiated with a punctual application of either red (660nm; InGaAIP active medium) or infrared (780nm; GaAlAs active medium) lasers both at a potency of 20mW, energy dose of 0.08 or 0.16J, and energy density of 1.9J/cm2 or 3.8J/cm2, respectively. The control group received no irradiation. Cellular viability, ALP and MMP-2 and -9 activities were assessed by MTT assay, enzymatic activity and zymography, respectively, at 24, 48 and 72h. The treatment of cells with both red and infrared lasers significantly increased the cellular viability compared to the non-irradiated control group at 24 and 48h. The ALP activity was also up modulated in infrared groups at 24 and 72h, depending on the energy densities. In addition, the irradiation with red laser at the energy density of 1.9J/cm2 promoted an enhancement of MMP-2 activity at 48 and 72h. However, no differences were observed for the MMP-9 activity. In conclusion, when used at these specific parameters, LLL modulates both preosteoblast viability and differentiation highlighted by the increased ALP and MMP-2 activities induced by irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Arruda Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Satiko Matsuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderley Salvador Bagnato
- Departamento de Física e Ciência dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- Department of Prosthodontics/Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Peres-Buzalaf
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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157
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Mendonça FL, Jordão MC, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Honório HM, Wang L, Rios D. In situ effect of enamel salivary exposure time and type of intraoral appliance before an erosive challenge. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2465-2471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-2043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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158
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Herrera PK, Zambolin AP, Fernandes MDS, Cestari TM, Iano FG, Zambuzzi WF, Buzalaf MAR, Oliveira RCD. Fluoride affects bone repair differently in mice models with distinct bone densities. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:129-134. [PMID: 27908404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We grouped mice [strains: C57BL/6J (n=32) and C3H/HeJ (n=32)] to address the influence of bone density on fluoride's (F's) biological effects. These animals received low-fluoride food and water containing 0 (control group) or 50ppm of F for up to 28days. The upper left central incisor was extracted, and the left maxilla was collected at 7, 14, 21, and 28days for histological and histomorphometric analysis to estimate bone neoformation. Our results showed bone neoformation in all of the evaluated groups, with the presence of bone islets invading the center of the alveoli when replacing the existing connective tissue. Curiously, this biological phenomenon was more evident in the C57BL/6J strain. The histomorphometric analysis confirmed the histological findings in relation to the amount of new bone tissue and showed a decrease in C3H/HeJ mice (control group). Altogether, our results showed differential effects of fluoride bone metabolism, confirming a genetic component in susceptibility to the effects of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kennerly Herrera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pelissari Zambolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileni da Silva Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis, km 235, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Godoy Iano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Laboratory for Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bioscience Institute, São Paulo State University, Rubião Junior S/N, 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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159
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Khan ZN, Leite ADL, Charone S, Sabino IT, Martini T, Pereira HABDS, Oliveira RC, Buzalaf MAR. Liver proteome of mice with different genetic susceptibilities to the effects of fluoride. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:250-7. [PMID: 27383706 PMCID: PMC5022220 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the differential pattern of protein expression in the liver of these mice to provide insights on why they have different responses to F. MATERIAL AND METHODS Weanling male A/J and 129P3/J mice (n=10 from each strain) were pared and housed in metabolic cages with ad libitum access to low-F food and deionized water for 42 days. Liver proteome profiles were examined using nLC-MS/MS. Protein function was classified by GO biological process (Cluego v2.0.7 + Clupedia v1.0.8) and protein-protein interaction network was constructed (PSICQUIC, Cytoscape). RESULTS Most proteins with fold change were increased in A/J mice. The functional category with the highest percentage of altered genes was oxidation-reduction process (20%). Subnetwork analysis revealed that proteins with fold change interacted with Disks large homolog 4 and Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1. A/J mice had an increase in proteins related to energy flux and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION This could be a possible explanation for the high susceptibility of these mice to the effects of F, since the exposure also induces oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Nisar Khan
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil.,- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Senda Charone
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Isabela Tomazini Sabino
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Martini
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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160
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Salomão PMA, Dos Santos DMS, Da Silva CPE, Buzalaf MAR, Wiegand A, Magalhães AC. Erosive softening and erosive loss of enamel: Hardness and profilometry analysis. BDS 2016. [DOI: 10.14295/bds.2016.v19i4.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective – This study aimed to determine and differentiate erosive softening and enamel erosive loss induced by citric and hydrochloric acids. Material and Methods – Forty enamel specimens were divided into 2 groups: 1) 0.05 M citric acid (pH 2.5) simulating extrinsic erosion and 2) 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (pH 2.2) simulating intrinsic erosion. The enamel specimens were submitted to erosive challenges. Surface microhardness (softening) or contact profilometry (loss) was done after 30 s, after each 60 s up to 10 min, after each 5 min up to 30 min and after 60, 90 and 120 min. Results – Erosive softening (enamel hardness loss) was measurable up to 1 and 2 min for hydrochloric and citric acids, respectively. Erosive loss was significantly increased over time for both types of acids. After 8 min, citric acid was more aggressive than hydrochloric acid (p < 0.001). Conclusion – The progression of enamel erosion from erosive softening to erosive loss is highly dependent on the type of acid, being citric acid more aggressive in later stages. Therefore, this finding should be considered when choosing the method of analysis for laboratory studies. Keywords: Enamel; Erosive wear; Microhardness; Profilometry; Tooth erosion.
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161
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Hannas AR, Kato MT, Cardoso CDAB, Magalhães AC, Pereira JC, Tjäderhane L, Buzalaf MAR. Preventive effect of toothpastes with MMP inhibitors on human dentine erosion and abrasion in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:61-6. [PMID: 27008258 PMCID: PMC4775011 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gels and mouthrinses with MMP inhibitors (chlorhexidine, and green tea extract) was shown to prevent erosive wear. The aim of this study was to analyze the protective effect of toothpastes containing MMP inhibitors on dentine loss induced by erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Reis Hannas
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Melissa Thiemi Kato
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - José Carlos Pereira
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brasil
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de Cássia Alves Nunes R, Chiba FY, Pereira AG, Pereira RF, de Lima Coutinho Mattera MS, Ervolino E, Louzada MJQ, Buzalaf MAR, Silva CA, Sumida DH. Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Bone Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Parameters and on Insulin Signaling and Insulin Sensitivity in Ovariectomized Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:144-53. [PMID: 26876375 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by bone degradation and decreased bone mass that promotes increased bone fragility and eventual fracture risk. Studies have investigated the use of sodium fluoride (NaF) for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, fluoride can alter glucose homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of NaF intake (50 mg/L) from water on the following parameters of ovariectomized (OVX) rats: (1) tyrosine phosphorylation status of insulin receptor substrate (pp185 (IRS-1/IRS-2)) in white adipose tissue; (2) insulin sensitivity; (3) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, TNF-α, IL-6, osteocalcin, calcium, and fluoride; (4) bone density and biomechanical properties in the tibia; and (5) tibia histomorphometric analysis. Fifty-two Wistar rats (2 months old) were ovariectomized and distributed into two groups: control group (OVX-C) and NaF group (OVX-F), which was subjected to treatment with NaF (50 mg/L) administered in drinking water for 42 days. The chronic treatment with NaF promoted (1) a decrease in pp185 (IRS-1/IRS-2) tyrosine phosphorylation status after insulin infusion in white adipose tissue and in insulin sensitivity; (2) an increase in the plasma concentration of insulin, fluoride, osteocalcin, calcium, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, TNF-α, and IL-6; (3) a reduction in the trabecular width, bone area, stiffness, maximum strength, and tenacity; (4) no changes in body weight, food and water intake, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density. It was concluded that chronic treatment with NaF (50 mg/L) in OVX rats causes a decrease in insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling transduction, and biochemical, biomechanical, and histomorphometric bone parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Alves Nunes
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Fernando Yamamoto Chiba
- Department of Child and Social Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193., Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gomes Pereira
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Renato Felipe Pereira
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Maria Sara de Lima Coutinho Mattera
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada
- Department of Support, Animal Production and Health, Araçatuba School of Veterinary Medicine, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Clóvis Pestana, 793., Araçatuba, CEP 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali Silva
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Doris Hissako Sumida
- Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, CEP 16015-050, Brazil.
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Magalhães AC, dos Santos MG, Comar LP, Buzalaf MAR, Ganss C, Schlueter N. Effect of a Single Application of TiF4 Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF4/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro. Caries Res 2016; 50:462-470. [DOI: 10.1159/000448146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the isolated and combined effect of a single application of TiF4 or NaF varnish versus daily use of a solution containing a low concentration of TiF4/NaF against tooth erosion in vitro. A total of 90 bovine enamel and 108 root dentin samples were treated as follows: control (no treatment), solution containing TiF4/NaF (500 ppm F-, pH 4.4), NaF varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 5.0), TiF4 varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 1.0), TiF4 varnish + solution, and NaF varnish + solution. The erosive challenges were performed 4 × 90s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) and, between them, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The tooth loss was measured using contact profilometry (after 7 days for dentin and after 7, 10, and 14 days for enamel). All treatments were effective in reducing tooth loss, except NaF varnish for enamel on day 7 (p < 0.0001). TiF4/NaF solution and TiF4 varnish did not differ with respect to enamel loss for 10 days; thereafter, TiF4 varnish lost its protective effect compared to TiF4/NaF solution. The combination of vehicles was more effective in reducing enamel loss than both varnishes on their own but not compared to the solution. For dentin, TiF4 varnish was more effective than NaF varnish, while TiF4/NaF solution and NaF varnish were similar. The combination of vehicles improved the protective effect only when compared to NaF varnish on its own (p < 0.0001). Both types of TiF4 applications, isolated or combined, were effective against tooth erosion, but some differences in their performance were seen between enamel and dentin.
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Wang L, Magalhães AC, Francisconi-dos-Rios LF, Calabria MP, Araújo DFG, Buzalaf MAR, Lauris JRP, Pereira JC. Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity Using Nano-Hydroxyapatite Pastes: A Randomized Three-Month Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2016; 41:E93-E101. [DOI: 10.2341/15-145-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objectives: This randomized clinical trial tested the three-month desensitizing effect of two protocols using nano-hydroxyapatite formulations compared with Pro-Argin and fluoride varnish.
Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with 137 teeth presenting dentin exposure with a minimal hypersensitivity of four on the visual analog scale (VAS) took part of this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: Desensibilize Nano-P paste (20% hydroxyapatite [HAP], potassium nitrate, and sodium fluoride [NaF]; 9000 ppm fluoride [F]); Desensibilize Nano-P associated with experimental home-care pastes (10% HA, potassium nitrate, and NaF; 900 ppm F); Pro-Relief professional paste (8% arginine with Pro-Argin technology) associated with home-care toothpaste (8% arginine, sodium monofluorophosphate, 1450 ppm F); and Duraphat professional varnish (NaF varnish, 22,600 ppm F). The professional treatments were performed in weekly appointments over three weeks. The home-care products were used continuously for three months. A VAS was used to assess the tooth sensitivity response after standardized evaporative stimulus at baseline and after one month and three months. The baseline score was deducted from the final score, and the means were analyzed using nested analysis of variance, while the comparison between times was performed by a general linear model (p<0.05).
Results: At the first month all treatments were effective, but there were no significant differences among them (p=0.94). At the third month, despite the fact that NaF varnish had the lowest effect in reducing hypersensitivity, no significant difference was found among the treatments (p=0.09). Only Pro-Relief increased its effect over time (p=0.049).
Conclusions: Nano-hydroxyapatite formulations (with or without home->care product association) were as effective as the other treatments in reducing dentin hypersensitivity over three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Linda Wang, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - AC Magalhães
- Ana Carolina Magalhães, DDS, MSc, PhD, associate professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - LF Francisconi-dos-Rios
- Luciana Fávaro Francisconi-dos-Rios, DDS, MSc, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - MP Calabria
- Marcela Pagani Calabria, DDS, MSc, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Sagrado Coração, Bauru, Brazil
| | - DFG Araújo
- Diana Ferreira Gadelha de Araújo, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - MAR Buzalaf
- Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, DDS, MSc, PhD, full professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - JRP Lauris
- José Roberto Pereira Lauris, DDS, MSc, PhD, full professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - JC Pereira
- José Roberto Pereira Lauris, DDS, MSc, PhD, full professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Pereira HABS, Dionizio AS, Fernandes MS, Araujo TT, Cestari TM, Buzalaf CP, Iano FG, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride Intensifies Hypercaloric Diet-Induced ER Oxidative Stress and Alters Lipid Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158121. [PMID: 27336443 PMCID: PMC4919043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we evaluated the relationship of diet and F-induced oxidative stress to lipid metabolism in the liver of rats eating normocaloric or hypercaloric diets for two time periods (20 or 60 days). METHODS Seventy-two 21-day-old Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 36) based on the type of diet they were eating; each of these groups was then further divided into another two groups (n = 18) based on the time periods of either 20 or 60 days, for a total of four groups. Each of these was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 6 animals/subgroup), dependent on the dose of F administered in the drinking water (0 mg/L(control), 15 mg/L or 50 mg/L). After the experimental period, blood samples and the liver were collected. Plasma samples were analyzed for HDL, cholesterol and triglycerides. Western blots were performed to probe for GRP78, Erp29, SOD2, Apo-E and SREBP in hepatic tissues. RESULTS As expected,the expression of target proteins involved in oxidative stress increased in the F-treated groups, especially in liver tissue obtained from animals eating a hypercaloric diet. Most changes in the lipid levels and pathological conditions were seen earlier in the time period, at day 20. The morphometric analyses showed a reduction in steatosis in groups on ahypercaloric diet and treated with 50 mg F/L compared to the control, while no changes were obtained in normocaloric-fed rats. Accordingly, plasma TG was reduced in the F-treated group. The reduced expression of Apo-E in a time- and diet-dependent pattern may account for the particular decrease in steatosis in hypercaloric-fed F-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that F changes liver lipid homeostasis, possibly because of the induction of oxidative stress, which seems to be higher in animals fed hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Aparecida Barbosa Silva Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and the Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis, km 235,13560–970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Salgado Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9–75, 17012–901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileni Silva Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and the Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luis, km 235,13560–970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamara Teodoro Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9–75, 17012–901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9–75, 17012–901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Peres Buzalaf
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10–50, 17011–160, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Godoy Iano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9–75, 17012–901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9–75, 17012–901, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Nagata ME, Delbem ACB, Hall KB, Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP. Fluoride and calcium concentrations in the biofilm fluid after use of fluoridated dentifrices supplemented with polyphosphate salts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:831-837. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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167
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Castilho ARFD, Salomão PMA, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Protective effect of experimental mouthrinses containing NaF and TiF4 on dentin erosive loss in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:486-90. [PMID: 26537719 PMCID: PMC4621941 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This in vitro study assessed the anti-erosive effect of experimental mouthrinses containing TiF4 and NaF on dentin erosive loss. Material and Methods Bovine dentin specimens were randomly allocated into the groups (n=15): 1) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Erosion Protection®/GABA, pH 4.5, positive control); 2) experimental solution with 0.0815% TiF4 (pH 2.5); 3) 0.105% NaF (pH 4.5); 4) 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (pH 4.4); 5) 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (pH 4.5); 6) no treatment (negative control). Each specimen was cyclically demineralized (Sprite Zero, pH 2.6, 4x90 s/day) and exposed to artificial saliva between the erosive challenges for 7 days. The treatment with the fluoride solutions was done 2x60 s/day, immediately after the first and the last erosive challenges of the day. Dentin erosive loss was measured by profilometry (μm). The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis/Dunn tests (p<0.05). Results Mouthrinses containing TiF4 or Sn/F were able to show some protective effect against dentin erosive loss compared to negative control. The best anti-erosive effect was found for experimental solution containing 0.0815% TiF4 (100% reduction in dentin loss), followed by 0.042% NaF+0.049% TiF4 (58.3%), SnCl2/NaF/AmF (52%) and 0.063% NaF+0.036% TiF4 (40%). NaF solution (13.3%) did not significantly differ from control. Conclusion The daily application of experimental mouthrinse containing TiF4 and NaF has the ability to reduce dentin erosion, as well as Erosion Protection® and TiF4 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rogéria Freire de Castilho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cassiano LPS, Charone S, Souza JG, Leizico LC, Pessan JP, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. Protective Effect of Whole and Fat-Free Fluoridated Milk, Applied before or after Acid Challenge, against Dental Erosion. Caries Res 2016; 50:111-6. [PMID: 26939048 DOI: 10.1159/000444024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed in vitro the effect of milk against dental erosion, considering three factors: the type of milk (bovine whole/fat-free), the presence of different fluoride concentrations and the time of application (before/after erosive challenge). Bovine enamel (n = 15/group) and root dentine (n = 12/group) specimens were submitted to the following treatments: after the first erosive challenge - 0.9% NaCl solution (negative control), whole milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, fat-free milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, and 0.05% NaF solution (positive control); before the first erosive challenge - whole milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, fat-free milk with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 ppm F, and 0.05% NaF solution (positive control). Specimens were submitted to demineralisation-remineralisation regimes 4 times/day for 5 days. The response variables were enamel and dentine loss (in micrometres). Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p < 0.05). For enamel, whole milk containing 10 ppm F, applied before the erosive challenge, was the most protective treatment, but with no significant difference compared with the same treatment carried out after the erosive challenge. For dentine, whole fluoridated milk (all concentrations, after), fat-free 10 ppm F milk (after, before) and whole milk with or without F (except 2.5 ppm F, all before) significantly reduced dentine erosion. It seems that the presence of fluoride, especially at 10 ppm, is the most important factor in reducing dental erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza P S Cassiano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sx00E3;o Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Buzalaf MAR. From the bench to the market: the long, sinuous and rocky road. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:1-2. [PMID: 27008251 PMCID: PMC4775003 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572016ed001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zarella BL, Buzalaf MAR, Kato MT, Hannas AR, Salo T, Tjäderhane L, Prakki A. Cytotoxicity and effect on protease activity of copolymer extracts containing catechin. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 65:66-71. [PMID: 26867224 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cytotoxicity and effect on protease activity of epigallocatechin-gallate extracted from experimental restorative dental copolymers in comparison to the control compound chlorhexidine. METHODS Copolymer disks were prepared from bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70/30 mol%) containing no compound (control) or 1% w/w of either epigallocatechin-gallate or chlorhexidine. MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells were seeded with the copolymer extracts leached out into deionized water. Cell metabolic activity was quantified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 24, 48, 72 h. Inhibition of protease activity by resin extracts was measured by a collagenolytic/genatinolytic enzyme activity assay and gelatin zymography. Data for MTT and protease inhibition were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey or Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The MTT revealed that at 72 h, extracts from control (16.7%) and chlorhexidine (22.3%) copolymers induced significant reduction in cell metabolism (p<0.05). All copolymer extracts caused enzymatic inhibition in a dose dependent manner (p<0.01). Even when highly diluted, epigallocatechin-gallate extract had a significant antiproteolytic activity (p<0.05). Zymograms showed that all extracts reduced activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (pro- and active forms), with MMP-9 exhibiting the highest percentage inhibition revealed by densitometry. CONCLUSIONS Epigallocatechin-gallate and chlorhexidine extracts did not exert cytotoxicity on evaluated cells when compared to control extracts. Both compounds retained antiproteolytic activity after extraction from a dental copolymer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Once extracted from a dental copolymer, epigallocatechin-gallate is not cytotoxic and retains antiproteolytic activity. These results may allow incorporation of epigallocatechin-gallate as a natural-safe alternative to chlorhexidine in functionalized restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lara Zarella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Melissa Thiemi Kato
- Department of Dentistry, University of Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP 17011-160, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Reis Hannas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Tuula Salo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Anuradha Prakki
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Restorative, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1G6, Canada.
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Charone S, De Lima Leite A, Peres-Buzalaf C, Silva Fernandes M, Ferreira de Almeida L, Zardin Graeff MS, Cardoso de Oliveira R, Campanelli AP, Groisman S, Whitford GM, Everett ET, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomics of Secretory-Stage and Maturation-Stage Enamel of Genetically Distinct Mice. Caries Res 2016; 50:24-31. [DOI: 10.1159/000442301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which excessive ingestion of fluoride (F) during amelogenesis leads to dental fluorosis (DF) are still not precisely known. Inbred strains of mice vary in their susceptibility to develop DF, and therefore permit the investigation of underlying molecular events influencing DF severity. We employed a proteomic approach to characterize and evaluate changes in protein expression from secretory-stage and maturation-stage enamel in 2 strains of mice with different susceptibilities to DF (A/J, i.e. ‘susceptible' and 129P3/J, i.e. ‘resistant'). Weanling male and female susceptible and resistant mice fed a low-F diet were divided into 2 F-water treatment groups. They received water containing 0 (control) or 50 mg F/l for 6 weeks. Plasma and incisor enamel was analyzed for F content. For proteomic analysis, the enamel proteins extracted for each group were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and subsequently characterized by liquid-chromatography electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. F data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). Resistant mice had significantly higher plasma and enamel F concentrations when compared with susceptible mice in the F-treated groups. The proteomic results for mice treated with 0 mg F/l revealed that during the secretory stage, resistant mice had a higher abundance of proteins than their susceptible counterparts, but this was reversed during the maturation stage. Treatment with F greatly increased the number of protein spots detected in both stages. Many proteins not previously described in enamel (e.g. type 1 collagen) as well as some uncharacterized proteins were identified. Our findings reveal new insights regarding amelogenesis and how genetic background and F affect this process.
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Salomão PMA, Comar LP, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. In situ remineralisation response of different artificial caries-like enamel lesions to home-care and professional fluoride treatments. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26746199 PMCID: PMC4706651 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial lesions produced by different protocols might directly influence the response to different remineralising treatments. This study compared the response of different artificial caries-like enamel lesions to home-care and professional fluoride based-remineralising treatments in situ. Methods The tested demineralising protocols were methylcellulose- MC gel, polyacrylic acid - PA gel, tetraethyl methylene diphosphanate - TEMDP solution, and acetate- Buffer solution. The lesions were remineralised using an in situ model, following a crossover and double blind design. Twelve subjects wore intra-oral appliances during 3 phases (3 d each): control (C) (saliva); home-care F− treatment (FD) (1,100 ppm F− dentifrice, 2x1 min/day); and professional (FVD) (22,600 ppm F− varnish) plus FD. The de-remineralisation was measured by transverse microradiography-TMR and hardness (surface hardness/cross-sectional hardness, SH/CSH, respectively). Results For SH, lesions produced by PA gel were the only one showing significant differences among the remineralising treatments (C x FD x FVD); while the TEMDP lesion were not responsive to any fluoride treatment (for both SH/CSH). For TMR, there were no differences among the remineralising treatments, regardless of the type of lesion. Generally, the most responsive lesions to fluoride were the less demineralised lesions (considering hardness: PA gel and Buffer). Conclusions The type of lesion has influence on the surface remineralisation degree induced by home-care and professional fluoride treatments using this in situ model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Maria Aranda Salomão
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Picchi Comar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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173
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Kondo KY, Buzalaf MAR, Manarelli MM, Delbem ACB, Pessan JP. Effects of pH and fluoride concentration of dentifrices on fluoride levels in saliva, biofilm, and biofilm fluid in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:983-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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174
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Souza BM, Comar LP, Vertuan M, Fernandes Neto C, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Effect of an Experimental Paste with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Fluoride on Dental Demineralisation and Remineralisation in situ. Caries Res 2015; 49:499-507. [DOI: 10.1159/000438466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of an experimental paste containing hydroxyapatite in nanoparticles (nano-HA)/fluoride on dental de-remineralisation in situ. Thirteen subjects took part in this crossover/randomised/double-blind study performed in 4 phases (14 days each). Four sound and 4 pre-demineralised specimens were worn intraorally at each phase corresponding to the following treatments: Nanop Plus (10% HA, 0.2% NaF, nano-HA/fluoride), MI Paste Plus (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, 0.2% NaF), F (0.2% NaF) and placebo. Two-hundred and forty enamel and 240 dentine specimens were selected by using surface microhardness; half of them were subjected to pre-demineralisation and the other half remained sound. Sound specimens were further exposed to severe cariogenic challenge (20% sucrose in biofilm) in situ, while pre-demineralised specimens were not. All specimens were exposed to fluoride dentifrice slurry 2 × 1 min/day. Thereafter, the treatments were done for 4 min. The de-remineralisation was quantified by transversal microradiography. The data were statistically analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA/Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). Generally, no huge differences were found among the treatments. However, Nanop Plus was the only treatment able to significantly reduce dentine demineralisation (ΔZ, integrated mineral loss) and to improve enamel remineralisation (ΔΔZ, integrated mineral uptake) compared to placebo. No treatments were able to reduce enamel demineralisation, while for dentine remineralisation all treatments were similarly effective in improving ΔΔZ compared to placebo. Nanop Plus seems to have a positive influence on dental de-remineralisation, which should be further confirmed.
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175
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dos Santos FA, Cavecci B, Vieira JCS, Franzini VP, Santos A, de Lima Leite A, Buzalaf MAR, Zara LF, de Magalhães Padilha P. A Metalloproteomics Study on the Association of Mercury With Breast Milk in Samples From Lactating Women in the Amazon Region of Brazil. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 69:223-229. [PMID: 25981408 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify metalloproteins that lose their metal ions in the presence of mercury (Hg) and bind to Hg in breast milk samples collected from the riverine population of the Madeira River, a tributary of the Amazon River. Initially, total Hg was determined from the hair of lactating women to identify individuals who were contaminated followed by a proteomic analysis of breast milk samples through two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after acetone precipitation. The presence of Hg in the obtained protein spots was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. These determinations indicated the presence of Hg in one protein spot, which was then characterized through electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Based on searches in the UniProt database, this protein spot was identified as lysozyme C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe André dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (INQUI/UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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176
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Comar LP, Cardoso CDAB, Charone S, Grizzo LT, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. TiF4 and NaF varnishes as anti-erosive agents on enamel and dentin erosion progression in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:14-8. [PMID: 25760263 PMCID: PMC4349114 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effect of fluoride varnishes on the progression of tooth erosion in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-eight enamel and 60 root dentin samples were previously demineralized (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, 30 min), leading to a baseline and erosive wear of 12.9 and 11.4 µm, respectively. The samples were randomly treated (6 h) with a 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45%F-, pH 1.0), a 5.42% NaF varnish (2.45%F-, pH 5.0), a placebo varnish and no varnish (control). The samples were then subjected to erosive pH cycles (4x90 s/day in 0.1% citric acid, intercalated with artificial saliva) for 5 days. The increment of the erosive tooth wear was calculated. In the case of dentin, this final measurement was done with and without the demineralized organic matrix (DOM). Enamel and dentin data were analyzed using ANOVA/Tukey's and Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, respectively (p<0.05). RESULTS The TiF4 (mean±s.d: 1.5±1.1 µm) and NaF (2.1±1.7 µm) varnishes significantly reduced enamel wear progression compared to the placebo varnish (3.9±1.1 µm) and control (4.5±0.9 µm). The same differences were found for dentin in the presence and absence of the DOM, respectively: TiF4 (average: 0.97/1.87 µm), NaF (1.03/2.13 µm), placebo varnish (3.53/4.47 µm) and control (3.53/4.36 µm). CONCLUSION The TiF4 and NaF varnishes were equally effective in reducing the progression of tooth erosion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Picchi Comar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Senda Charone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tercilia Grizzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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177
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Carvalho TS, Peters BG, Rios D, Magalhães AC, Sampaio FC, Buzalaf MAR, Bönecker MJS. Fluoride varnishes with calcium glycerophosphate: fluoride release and effect on in vitro enamel demineralization. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:S1806-83242015000100287. [PMID: 26176358 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to assess the amount of fluoride (F) released from varnishes containing calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) and (2) to assess the effect of the experimental varnishes on in vitro demineralization. Six test groups using 5 varnishes: base varnish (no active ingredients); Duraphat® (2.26% NaF); Duofluorid® (5.63% NaF/CaF2); experimental varnish 1 (1% CaGP/5.63% NaF/CaF2); experimental varnish 2 (5% CaGP/5.63% NaF/CaF2); and no varnish were set up. In stage 1, 60 acrylic blocks were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n = 10). Then 300 µg of each varnish was applied to each block. The blocks were immersed in deionized water, which was changed after 1, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Fluoride concentration in the water was analyzed using a fluoride electrode. In stage 2, 60 bovine enamel samples were distributed into 6 groups (n = 10), and treated with 300 µg of the respective varnish. After 6 h the varnish was removed and the samples were subjected to a 7-day in vitro pH cycle (6 h demineralization/18 h remineralization per day). The demineralization was measured using surface hardness. The results showed that both experimental varnishes released more fluoride than Duofluorid® and Duraphat® (p < 0.05), but Duraphat® showed the best preventive effect by decreasing enamel hardness loss (p < 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that even though (1) the experimental varnishes containing CaGP released greater amounts of F, (2) they did not increase in the preventive effect against enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Glerean Peters
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Correia Sampaio
- Laboratório de Biologia Bucal, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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178
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Delecrode TR, Siqueira WL, Zaidan FC, Bellini MR, Leite AL, Xiao Y, Rios D, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. Exposure to acids changes the proteomic of acquired dentine pellicle. J Dent 2015; 43:583-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Demineralization in dentinal caries and erosion exposes dentine organic matrix. This exposed matrix, containing type I collagen and non-collagenous proteins, is then degraded by host collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins. The knowledge of the identities and function of these enzymes in dentine has accumulated only within the last 15 years, but has already formed a field of research called ‘dentine degradomics'. This research has demonstrated the role of endogenous collagenolytic enzymes in caries and erosion development. In demineralized dentine, the enzymes degrade triple-helical collagen molecules, leading to the gradual loss of collagen matrix. Even before that, they can cleave off the terminal non-helical ends of collagen molecules called telopeptides, leading to the structural changes at the intramolecular gap areas, which may affect or even prevent intrafibrillar remineralization, which is considered essential in restoring the dentine's mechanical properties. They may also cause the loss of non-collagenous proteins that could serve as nucleation sites for remineralization. Here we review the findings demonstrating that inhibition of salivary or dentine endogenous MMPs and cysteine cathepsins may provide preventive means against the progression of caries or erosion. Furthermore, we also suggest the future directions for the new experimental preventive research to gain more knowledge of the enzymes and their function during and after dentine demineralization, and the pathways to find the clinically acceptable means to prevent the functional activity of these enzymes.
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180
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Tjäderhane L, Buzalaf MAR, Carrilho M, Chaussain C. Matrix metalloproteinases and other matrix proteinases in relation to cariology: the era of 'dentin degradomics'. Caries Res 2015; 49:193-208. [PMID: 25661522 DOI: 10.1159/000363582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin organic matrix, with type I collagen as the main component, is exposed after demineralization in dentinal caries, erosion or acidic conditioning during adhesive composite restorative treatment. This exposed matrix is prone to slow hydrolytic degradation by host collagenolytic enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine cathepsins. Here we review the recent findings demonstrating that inhibition of salivary or dentin endogenous collagenolytic enzymes may provide preventive means against progression of caries or erosion, just as they have been shown to retain the integrity and improve the longevity of resin composite filling bonding to dentin. This paper also presents the case that the organic matrix in caries-affected dentin may not be preserved as intact as previously considered. In partially demineralized dentin, MMPs and cysteine cathepsins with the ability to cleave off the terminal non-helical ends of collagen molecules (telopeptides) may lead to the gradual loss of intramolecular gap areas. This would seriously compromise the matrix ability for intrafibrillar remineralization, which is considered essential in restoring the dentin's mechanical properties. More detailed data of the enzymes responsible and their detailed function in dentin-destructive conditions may not only help to find new and better preventive means, but better preservation of demineralized dentin collagenous matrix may also facilitate true biological remineralization for the better restoration of tooth structural and mechanical integrity and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Tjäderhane
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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181
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182
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Cardoso CAB, Levy FM, Peres-Buzalaf C, Buzalaf MAR. Dentifrice pH but not consistency may affect fluoride uptake in plaque. J Dent 2014; 43:219-24. [PMID: 25511300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the ability of acidic fluoridated solutions to enhance fluoride (F) bound on bacteria (1) and the effect of dentifrice consistency on plaque fluid F uptake (2). METHODS (1) Streptococcus mutans isolates were grown in BHI medium (37°C/18h). Bacteria were washed either with EDTA or CaCl2 both at 1mM to remove or add calcium, respectively. Pellets were incubated with 12 mM NaF at pH 4.5 or 7 for 1 min and F was quantified in the lysates and supernatants with the electrode, after HMDS-facilitated diffusion. (2) A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed in three phases with nineteen adults (20-35 years) that used one of the dentifrices: commercial toothpaste (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and conventional viscosity (Sorriso Fresh(®))); experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD) (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and low viscosity [1.1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]) and ELD (1100 ppm F and high viscosity pH7.0 (2.2% CMC)). F concentration in plaque fluid was analyzed using an inverted F electrode. RESULTS (1) Significantly higher F amounts were detected in the lysates of bacteria incubated with NaF solution at pH4.5 compared to the supernatant, which was not seen at pH7.0, being this effect calcium-dependent. (2) Significantly higher F concentrations in plaque fluid were found 1h after toothbrushing compared to 12h, but no significant differences were seen among the toothpastes. CONCLUSIONS F at low pH binds more efficiently to S. mutans than at neutral pH and dentifrice viscosity does not interfere in plaque fluid fluoride incorporation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE pH of the dentifrice but not consistency may be important to F uptake in plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A B Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - F M Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - C Peres-Buzalaf
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru 17011-160, SP, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
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183
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Buzalaf MAR, Barbosa CS, Leite ADL, Chang SR, Liu J, Czajka-Jakubowska A, Clarkson B. Enamel crystals of mice susceptible or resistant to dental fluorosis: an AFM study. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:159-64. [PMID: 25025555 PMCID: PMC4072265 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the overall apatite crystals profile in the enamel
matrix of mice susceptible (A/J strain) or resistant (129P3/J strain) to dental
fluorosis through analyses by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Material and Methods Samples from the enamel matrix in the early stages of secretion and maturation
were obtained from the incisors of mice from both strains. All detectable traces
of matrix protein were removed from the samples by a sequential extraction
procedure. The purified crystals (n=13 per strain) were analyzed
qualitatively in the AFM. Surface roughness profile (Ra) was measured. Results The mean (±SD) Ra of the crystals of A/J strain (0.58±0.15 nm) was lower than the
one found for the 129P3/J strain (0.66±0.21 nm) but the difference did not reach
statistical significance (t=1.187, p=0.247). Crystals of the 129P3/J strain
(70.42±6.79 nm) were found to be significantly narrower (t=4.013, p=0.0013) than
the same parameter measured for the A/J strain (90.42±15.86 nm). Conclusion Enamel crystals of the 129P3/J strain are narrower, which is indicative of slower
crystal growth and could interfere in the occurrence of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Silveira Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sywe-Ren Chang
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, U.S.A
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, U.S.A
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Brian Clarkson
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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Charone S, Cardoso CDAB, Kato MT, Ducati P, Fukushima R, Gennaro G, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR. The effect of mouthwashes containing biguanides on the progression of erosion in dentin. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:131. [PMID: 25358631 PMCID: PMC4228096 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is caused by frequent exposure to acids without the involvement of microorganism. This study analyzed the effect of biguanides (polyhexamethylene biguanide - PHMB and chlorhexidine - CHX) on dentin erosion due to their possible influence on the enzymatic degradation of the demineralized organic matrix. METHOD Sixty bovine dentin specimens were prepared. On both sides of their surface, nail varnish was applied to maintain the reference surfaces for the determination of dentin loss. Samples were cyclically de- and remineralized for 6 days. Demineralization was performed with a 0.87 M citric acid solution (6×5 min daily). Thereafter, samples were treated with distilled water (negative control), 0.12% CHX (positive control), 0.07% PHMB, Sanifill Perio Premium™ (0.07% PHMB plus 0.05% NaF), or F solution (0.05% NaF) for 1 min and then subjected to enzymatic challenge for 10 min using a bacterial collagenase (Clostridium hystoliticum, 100 μg/ml). Dentin loss was assessed using profilometry (μm) daily. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated measures-ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Dentin loss progressed significantly for all groups during the 6 days. After the 3rd day, Sanifill Premium™, CHX, and PHMB significantly reduced dentin erosion compared to control. On the 6th day, the lowest mean (±SD) dentin loss was observed for Sanifill Perio Premium™ (94.4 ± 3.9 μm). PHMB and CHX led to intermediate dentin loss (129.9 ± 41.2 and 135.3 ± 33.5 μm, respectively) that was significantly lower than those found for negative control (168.2 ± 6.2 μm). F (157.4 ± 6.1 μm) did not significantly differ from negative control. CONCLUSIONS Sanifill Perio Premium™ mouthwash has a good potential to reduce dentin loss, which might be associated with the presence of PHMB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al, Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil.
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185
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Comar LP, Souza BMD, Grizzo LT, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Evaluation of fluoride release from experimental TiF4 and NaF varnishes in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:138-43. [PMID: 24676585 PMCID: PMC3956406 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride varnishes play an important role in the prevention of dental caries,
promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of
remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Picchi Comar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tercilia Grizzo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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186
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Lima Leite A, Gualiume Vaz Madureira Lobo J, Barbosa da Silva Pereira HA, Silva Fernandes M, Martini T, Zucki F, Sumida DH, Rigalli A, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and chronically exposed to fluoride. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106646. [PMID: 25180703 PMCID: PMC4152332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of high doses of fluoride (F) can alter glucose homeostasis and lead to insulin resistance (IR). This study determined the profile of protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes that were chronically exposed to F. Male Wistar rats (60 days old) were randomly distributed into two groups of 18 animals. In one group, diabetes was induced through the administration of streptozotocin. Each group (D-diabetic and ND-non-diabetic) was further divided into 3 subgroups each of which was exposed to a different F concentration via drinking water (0 ppm, 10 ppm or 50 ppm F, as NaF). After 22 days of treatment, the gastrocnemius muscle was collected and submitted to proteomic analysis (2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS). Protein functions were classified by the GO biological process (ClueGO v2.0.7+Clupedia v1.0.8) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed (PSICQUIC, Cytoscape). Quantitative intensity analysis of the proteomic data revealed differential expression of 75 spots for ND0 vs. D0, 76 for ND10 vs.D10, 58 spots for ND50 vs. D50, 52 spots for D0 vs. D10 and 38 spots for D0 vs. D50. The GO annotations with the most significant terms in the comparisons of ND0 vs. D0, ND10 vs. D10, ND50 vs. D50, D0 vs. D10 and D0 vs. D50, were muscle contraction, carbohydrate catabolic processes, generation of precursor metabolites and energy, NAD metabolic processes and gluconeogenesis, respectively. Analysis of subnetworks revealed that, in all comparisons, proteins with fold changes interacted with GLUT4. GLUT4 interacting proteins, such as MDH and the stress proteins HSPB8 and GRP78, exhibited decreased expression when D animals were exposed to F. The presence of the two stress proteins indicates an increase in IR, which might worsen diabetes. Future studies should evaluate whether diabetic animals treated with F have increased IR, as well as which molecular mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and the Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mileni Silva Fernandes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center of Biological Sciences and the Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Martini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zucki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dóris Hissako Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Rigalli
- Bone Biology and Mineral Metabolism Laboratory, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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187
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Casas-Apayco LC, Dreibi VM, Hipólito AC, Graeff MSZ, Rios D, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Wang L. Erosive cola-based drinks affect the bonding to enamel surface: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:434-41. [PMID: 24918663 PMCID: PMC4245756 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of in vitro erosion
provoked by different cola-based drinks (Coke types), associated or not with
toothbrushing, to bonding to enamel. Material and Methods Fifty-six bovine enamel specimens were prepared and randomly assigned into seven
groups (N=8): C- Control (neither eroded nor abraded), ERO-RC: 3x/1-minute
immersion in Regular Coke (RC), ERO-LC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Light Coke (LC),
ERO-ZC: 3x/1-minute immersion in Zero Coke (ZC) and three other eroded groups,
subsequently abraded for 1-minute toothbrushing (EROAB-RC, EROAB-LC and EROAB-ZC,
respectively). After challenges, they were stored overnight in artificial saliva
for a total of 24 hours and restored with Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350. Buildup
coronal surfaces were cut in 1 mm2 -specimens and subjected to a
microtensile test. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Bonferroni
tests (α=0.05). Failure modes were assessed by optical microscopy (X40). The
interface of the restorations were observed using Confocal Laser Scanning
Microscopy (CLSM). Results All tested cola-based drinks significantly reduced the bond strength, which was
also observed in the analyses of interfaces. Toothbrushing did not have any impact
on the bond strength. CLSM showed that except for Zero Coke, all eroded specimens
resulted in irregular hybrid layer formation. Conclusions All cola-based drinks reduced the bond strength. Different patterns of hybrid
layers were obtained revealing their impact, except for ZC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Caroll Casas-Apayco
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Hipólito
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Community Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Linda Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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188
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Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Rios D. A high-viscosity GIC sealant increases the fluoride concentration in interproximal fluid more than a resin-based sealant containing fluoride. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2014; 14:28-30. [PMID: 24581709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil, Tel./fax: +55 14 32358497.
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil
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189
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Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC, Wiegand A. Alternatives to Fluoride in the Prevention and Treatment of Dental Erosion. Monographs in Oral Science 2014; 25:244-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000360557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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190
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Buzalaf MAR, Cardoso CDAB, Magalhães AC. Low-fluoride Toothpastes May Not Lead to Dental Fluorosis But May Not Control Caries Development. Standard Fluoride Toothpastes Can Control Caries Development But May Lead to Dental Fluorosis. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2013; 13:148-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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191
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Pessan JP, Manarelli MM, Kondo KY, de Italiani FM, Kobayashi CAN, Whitford GM, Buzalaf MAR. Plaque fluoride concentrations associated to the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. Am J Dent 2013; 26:347-350. [PMID: 24640440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This double-blind, crossover study evaluated whole plaque fluoride concentration (F), as well as whole plaque calcium concentrations (Ca) after brushing with a placebo (PD - fluoride free), low-fluoride (LFD, 513 microg F/g) and conventional (CD, 1,072 microg F/g) dentifrices. METHODS Children (n=20) were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with one of the dentifrices, during 7 days. On the 7th day, samples were collected at 1 and 12 hours after brushing. F and Ca were analyzed with an ion-selective electrode and with the Arsenazo III method, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and by Pearson correlation coefficient (P< 0.05). RESULTS The use of the fluoridated dentifrices significantly increased plaque [F]s 1 hour after brushing when compared to PD, returning to baseline levels 12 hours after. Positive and significant correlations were found between plaque [F] and (Ca) under most of the conditions evaluated. The mean increase in plaque [F] observed 1 hour after brushing with the CD were only about 47% higher than those obtained for the LFD. The use of a LFD promotes proportionally higher increases in plaque [F] when compared to a CD. Plaque F concentrations were also shown to be dependent on plaque Ca concentrations.
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192
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Abstract
The importance of fluoride (F) in preventing dental caries by favorably interfering in the demineralization-remineralization processes is well-established, but its ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which could also help to prevent dentin caries, has not been investigated. This study assessed the ability of F to inhibit salivary and purified human gelatinases MMPs-2 and -9. Saliva was collected from 10 healthy individuals. Pooled saliva was centrifuged, and supernatants were incubated for 1 hr at 37°C and subjected to zymography. Sodium fluoride (50-275 ppm F) was added to the incubation buffer. The reversibility of the inhibition of MMPs-2 and -9 by NaF was tested by the addition of NaF (250-5,000 ppm F) to the incubation buffer, after which an additional incubation was performed in the absence of F. F decreased the activities of pro- and active forms of salivary and purified human MMPs in a dose-response manner. Purified gelatinases were completely inhibited by 200 ppm F (IC50 = 100 and 75 ppm F for MMPs-2 and -9, respectively), and salivary MMP-9 by 275 ppm F (IC50 = 200 ppm F). Inhibition was partially reversible at 250-1,500 ppm F, but was irreversible at 5,000 ppm F. This is the first study to describe the ability of NaF to inhibit MMPs completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, USP - University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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193
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Levy FM, Olympio KPK, Philippi ST, Buzalaf MAR. Fluoride intake from food items in 2- to 6-year-old Brazilian children living in a non-fluoridated area using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23:444-51. [PMID: 23216445 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimating fluoride intake (FI) using the 'duplicate plate' method is difficult and can raise ethical dilemmas. AIM To apply a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to 2- to 6-year-old Brazilian children in a non-fluoridated area (i) to estimate their FI and (ii) to provide additional validity to the questionnaire by comparing the results obtained with those found previously in a fluoridated municipality. DESIGN The FFQ was administered to parents of 398 children residing in a non-fluoridated community. Constituents of the diet were divided into solids, water and other beverages and their fluoride content was analysed with the electrode. Data were analysed using unpaired t-test. RESULTS The mean (±SD) FIs from solids, water and other beverages were 0.009 ± 0.004, 0.001 ± 0.001 and 0.007 ± 0.007 mg F/kg body weight/day, respectively, totalling 0.017 ± 0.009 mg F/kg body weight/day. Total FI from food/beverage items ingested in the non-fluoridated area was significantly lower than that observed in a study previously conducted in a fluoridated area (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This result reinforces the use of the FFQ as a promising alternative to duplicate diet in order to estimate FI in children in this age range, with potential application in broad epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mauad Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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194
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Zohoori FV, Buzalaf MAR, Cardoso CAB, Olympio KPK, Levy FM, Grizzo LT, Mangueira DFB, Sampaio FC, Maguire A. Total fluoride intake and excretion in children up to 4 years of age living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:457-464. [PMID: 24028594 DOI: 10.1111/eos.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fractional fluoride retention is important during the early years of life when considering the risk of development of dental fluorosis. This study aimed to measure fractional fluoride retention in young children. The objectives were to investigate the relationships between fractional fluoride retention and total daily fluoride intake, age, and body mass index (BMI). Twenty-nine healthy children, up to 4 yr of age, participated; 14 lived in a fluoridated area (0.64 μg ml(-1) of fluoride in drinking water) and 15 lived in a non-fluoridated area (0.04 μg ml(-1) of fluoride in drinking water). The total daily fluoride intake of each child was calculated from the daily dietary fluoride intake and toothpaste ingestion (if fluoride toothpaste was used). Total daily fluoride excretion was measured by collecting voided urine and faeces over a 24-h period, and fractional fluoride retention was calculated by dividing the amount of fluoride retained in the body (total daily fluoride intake minus total daily fluoride excretion) by the total daily fluoride intake. Nine children were excluded from data analysis because of suspected invalid samples. Mean (range) fractional fluoride retention for the remaining 20 children was 0.61 (0.06-0.98). There were no statistically significant correlations between fractional fluoride retention and either age or BMI. However, fractional fluoride retention was correlated with total daily fluoride intake: fractional fluoride retention = 1 - exp (-C × total daily fluoride intake), where C = 28.75 (95% CI = 19.75-37.75). The wide variation in fluoride retention in young children could have important implications when recommendations for fluoride use are being considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Zohoori
- Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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195
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Correa DRN, Vicente FB, Donato TAG, Arana-Chavez VE, Buzalaf MAR, Grandini CR. The effect of the solute on the structure, selected mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of Ti-Zr system alloys for dental applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2013; 34:354-9. [PMID: 24268269 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New titanium alloys have been developed with the aim of utilizing materials with better properties for application as biomaterials, and Ti-Zr system alloys are among the more promising of these. In this paper, the influence of zirconium concentrations on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-Zr alloys is analyzed. After melting and swaging, the samples were characterized through chemical analysis, density measurements, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, Vickers microhardness, and elasticity modulus. In-vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed on cultured osteogenic cells. The results showed the formation essentially of the α' phase (with hcp structure) and microhardness values greater than cp-Ti. The elasticity modulus of the alloys was sensitive to the zirconium concentrations while remaining within the range of values of conventional titanium alloys. The alloys presented no cytotoxic effects on osteoblastic cells in the studied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R N Correa
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, 17.033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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196
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Pereira HABDS, Leite ADL, Italiani FDM, Kato MT, Pessan JP, Buzalaf MAR. Supplementation of soft drinks with metallic ions reduces dissolution of bovine enamel. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:363-8. [PMID: 24037077 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of metallic ions to carbonated drinks on their erosive potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS Powdered enamel was added to carbonated beverages (Coca-ColaTM or Sprite ZeroTM and shaken for 30 s. The samples were then immediately centrifuged and the supernatant removed. This procedure was repeated 5 times with the beverages containing Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+ (1.25-60 mmol/L). For Coca-ColaTM, the concentration of each ion that exhibited the highest protection was also evaluated in combination with Fe2+. The phosphate or calcium released were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS For Coca-ColaTM, the best protective effect was observed for Zn2+ alone (10 mmol/L) or in combination (1 mmol/L) with other ions (12% and 27%, respectively, when compared with the control). Regarding Sprite ZeroTM, the best protective effect was observed for Cu2+ at 15 and 30 mmol/L, which decreased the dissolution by 22-23%. Zn2+ at 2.5 mmol/L also reduced the dissolution of powdered enamel by 8%. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the combination of metallic ions can be an alternative to reduce the erosive potential of Coca-ColaTM. Regarding Sprite ZeroTM, the addition of Cu2+ seems to be the best alternative.
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197
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Pereira HABDS, Leite ADL, Charone S, Lobo JGVM, Cestari TM, Peres-Buzalaf C, Buzalaf MAR. Proteomic analysis of liver in rats chronically exposed to fluoride. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75343. [PMID: 24069403 PMCID: PMC3775814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is a potent anti-cariogenic element, but when ingestion is excessive, systemic toxicity may be observed. This can occur as acute or chronic responses, depending on both the amount of F and the time of exposure. The present study identified the profile of protein expression possibly associated with F-induced chronic hepatotoxicity. Weanling male Wistar rats (three-weeks old) were divided into three groups and treated with drinking water containing 0, 5 or 50 mg/L F for 60 days (n=6/group). At this time point, serum and livers were collected for F analysis, which was done using the ion-sensitive electrode, after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. Livers were also submitted to histological and proteomic analyses (2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS). Western blotting was done for confirmation of the proteomic data A dose-response was observed in serum F levels. In the livers, F levels were significantly increased in the 50 mg/L F group compared to groups treated with 0 and 5 mg/L F. Liver morphometric analysis did not reveal alterations in the cellular structures and lipid droplets were present in all groups. Proteomic quantitative intensity analysis detected 33, 44, and 29 spots differentially expressed in the comparisons between control vs. 5 mg/L F, control vs. 50 mg/L F, and 5 mg/L vs. 50 mg/L F, respectively. From these, 92 proteins were successfully identified. In addition, 18, 1, and 5 protein spots were shown to be exclusive in control, 5, and 50 mg/L F, respectively. Most of proteins were related to metabolic process and pronounced alterations were seen for the high-F level group. In F-treated rats, changes in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and GRP-78 expression may account for the F-induced toxicity in the liver. This can contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatoxicity induced by F, by indicating key-proteins that should be better addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Senda Charone
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Peres-Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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198
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de Almeida Baldini Cardoso C, Mangueira DFB, Olympio KPK, Magalhães AC, Rios D, Honório HM, Vilhena FV, Sampaio FC, Buzalaf MAR. The effect of pH and fluoride concentration of liquid dentifrices on caries progression. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:761-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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199
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Buzalaf MAR, Moraes CM, Olympio KPK, Pessan JP, Grizzo LT, Silva TL, Magalhães AC, Oliveira RCD, Groisman S, Ramires I. Seven years of external control of fluoride levels in the public water supply in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:92-8. [PMID: 23559119 PMCID: PMC3881808 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoridation of the public water supplies is recognized as among the top ten public health
achievements of the twentieth century. However, the positive aspects of this measure
depend on the maintenance of fluoride concentrations within adequate levels.
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200
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition. The consideration of chemical, biological and behavioral factors is fundamental for its prevention and therapy. Among the biological factors, saliva is one of the most important parameters in the protection against erosive wear. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the role of salivary factors on the development of dental erosion. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was undertaken on MeDLINe website for papers from 1969 to 2010. The keywords used in the research were "saliva", "acquired pellicle", "salivary flow", "salivary buffering capacity" and "dental erosion". Inclusion of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two members of the review team. Disagreements were solved by discussion and consensus or by a third party. RESULTS Several characteristics and properties of saliva play an important role in dental erosion. Salivary clearance gradually eliminates the acids through swallowing and saliva presents buffering capacity causing neutralization and buffering of dietary acids. Salivary flow allows dilution of the acids. In addition, saliva is supersaturated with respect to tooth mineral, providing calcium, phosphate and fluoride necessary for remineralization after an erosive challenge. Furthermore, many proteins present in saliva and acquired pellicle play an important role in dental erosion. CONCLUSIONS Saliva is the most important biological factor affecting the progression of dental erosion. Knowledge of its components and properties involved in this protective role can drive the development of preventive measures targeting to enhance its known beneficial effects.
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