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Saral Ö. An Investigation into Chestnut Honeys from Artvin Province in Turkiye: Their Physicochemical Properties, Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201162. [PMID: 36752171 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of eight chestnut honey samples collected from Artvin province in Turkiye. The honey samples' phenolic profiles were analyzed using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). All honeys were monofloral, and the quantities of chestnut sativa pollen ranged from 56 % to 80 %. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) values were assessed. The pH and moisture values of the honeys ranged between 4.60 and 5.40 and between 17.60 % and 19.00 %, respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) and Hunter color L values ranged between 0.56 and 1.12 mS/cm and between 43.16 and 67.60, respectively. Proline values ranged from 876 to 1246 mg/kg. The diastase activities of all honeys were high, ranging between 18.28 and 26.30 DU. The mean of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total antioxidant (FRAP) levels in the samples were 72.79±0.03 mg GAE/100 g, 2.25±00.03mg QE/100 g, and 312.67±2.85 μmol FeSO4 /100 g, respectively. Almost all of the 19 phenolic standards studied were detected in the samples, with catechin, chrysin, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and gallic acid being determined as major components. In conclusion, the honeys from the Artvin region were high-quality chestnut honeys, with high polyphenolic contents and diversity and high apitherapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Saral
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, 53000, Turkiye
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152
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Aktepe N, Baran A, Atalar MN, Baran MF, Keskin C, Taşkin A, Yavuz Ö, Demirtaş İ, Oğuz E, Jahan I. Analysis of bioactive compounds using LC-ESI-MS/MS, cytotoxic, antimicrobial effects, and enzyme activities from Cyclotrichium origanifolium. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:740-748. [PMID: 36366959 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotrichium origanifolium is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phenolic content analysis, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic effects of extracts of C. origanifolium were investigated. In the extracts, phenolic compound analysis by the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method, antimicrobial effect by the minimum inhibition concentration method, and cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), glioblastoma cell (U87), ovarian adenocarcinoma cell (Skov-3), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) cancer cell lines were investigated. Cytotoxicity analyses were performed by the MTT method. In addition, the GST and AChE enzyme activities of the extracts were also measured. Around 18 compounds were detected in both the methanol and ethanol extract. It was found that the best antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was on methanol extract, while the ethanol extract was on Candida albicans fungus (respectively, 2.50 mg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml). A 500 μg/ml of methanol extract has been shown to have cytotoxic activity high effect on HDF cells. GST and AChE activity were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Aktepe
- Department of Nursing, Mardin Artuklu University Faculty of Health, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Baran
- Batman University, Food Analysis Laboratory, Batman, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Atalar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
- Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fırat Baran
- Batman University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Processing, Batman, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Cumali Keskin
- Batman University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Food Processing, Batman, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Taşkin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Harran University, Şanliuurfa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Yavuz
- Dicle University science and technology aplication and research center, Central Research Laboratory, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Demirtaş
- Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Ercan Oğuz
- Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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153
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Teixeira F, Silva AM, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F. Lycium barbarum Berries (Solanaceae) as Source of Bioactive Compounds for Healthy Purposes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36902206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is a species widely used in dietary supplements and natural healthcare products. The berries, also known as goji or wolfberries, mostly grow in China, but recent reports on their outstanding bioactive properties have increased their popularity and cultivation around the world. Goji berries are a remarkable source of phenolic compounds (such as phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, organic acids, carbohydrates (fructose and glucose), and vitamins (ascorbic acid). Several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anticancer activities, have been associated with its consumption. Hence, goji berries were highlighted as an excellent source of functional ingredients with promising applications in food and nutraceutical fields. This review aims to summarize the phytochemical composition and biological activities, along with various industrial applications, of L. barbarum berries. Simultaneously, the valorization of goji berries by-products, with its associated economic advantages, will be emphasized and explored.
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154
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Wahengbam ED, Devi CP, Sharma SK, Roy SS, Maibam A, Dasgupta M, Luikham S, Chongtham T, Ningombam A, Bhupenchandra I, Singh LK, Devi YP, Thokchom S, Khaba CI, Singh NB, Rajashekar Y, Das S, Mohanty S, Sahoo MR. Reactive oxygen species turnover, phenolics metabolism, and some key gene expressions modulate postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava tubers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148464. [PMID: 36925477 PMCID: PMC10011484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tuber is a significant concern during storage. The freshly harvested tubers start spoiling within 24 to 72 h. Accumulation of H2O2 is one of the earliest biochemical events that occurred during PPD, which was detected using the 3,3 diaminobenzidine (DAB) in two contrast cassava genotypes, MNP Local A (29-57 μg g-1) and Sree Prakash (64-141 μg g-1). Accumulating the fluorescence hydroxycoumarin compounds emitted by the cassava tubers observed under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp showed significant variations at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of storage. The total phenolics and carotenoids significantly and negatively correlated with PPD progression; however, the anthocyanin and flavonoids positively correlated with the PPD-anchored ROS accumulation. The primary compound, Phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester, was identified in both the cassava tubers, Sree Prakash (57.21 and 35.21%), and MNP Local A (75.58 and 60.21%) at 0, and 72 h of PPD, respectively. The expression of PPD-associated genes APX-2, APX-3, PAL, and AP was higher at 6-12 days of PPD, which signified the synthesis of ROS turnover and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A significant, strong, and positive correlation was established between the secondary metabolites and PPD signaling gene expression, which was inversely correlated with hydroxycoumarin and H2O2 accumulation. MNP Local A tubers exhibited longer storage life of 15 days with a low PPD score, higher metabolites synthesis, and gene expression. The PPD-resistant lines may be used to augment cassava breeding strategies for large-scale commercial and industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhra Saikat Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Albert Maibam
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Madhumita Dasgupta
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Star Luikham
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Tania Chongtham
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Arati Ningombam
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Laishram Kanta Singh
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Yumnam Prabhabati Devi
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | | | | | - Yallappa Rajashekar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sudripta Das
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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155
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Park S, Choi N, Trang LNH, Oh M, Oh Y, Sung JH, Kim SH. Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation of Phytochemicals Isolated from Chestnut Shells ( Castanea crenata). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1018. [PMID: 36903879 PMCID: PMC10005320 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Castanea crenata (Fagaceae) is a species of chestnut tree that is endemic to the Republic of Korea and Japan. While its kernels are consumed, chestnut by-products such as shells and burs, which account for 10-15% of the total weight, are discarded as waste. Phytochemical and biological studies have been carried out to eliminate this waste and develop high-value products from its by-products. In this study, five new compounds (1-2, 6-8) along with seven known compounds were isolated from the shell of C. crenata. This is the first study to report diterpenes from the shell of C. crenata. Comprehensive spectroscopic data including 1D, 2D NMR, and CD spectroscopy were used to determine the compound structures. All isolated compounds were examined for their ability to stimulate dermal papilla cell proliferation using a CCK-8 assay. In particular, 6β,7β,16α,17-Tetrahydroxy-ent-kauranoic acid, isopentyl-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and ellagic acid exhibited the most potent proliferation activity of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahyun Choi
- Epibiotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mira Oh
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngse Oh
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epibiotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
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156
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Barta CÉ, Jenkins BC, Lindstrom DS, Zahnd AK, Székely G. The First Evidence of Gibberellic Acid's Ability to Modulate Target Species' Sensitivity to Honeysuckle ( Lonicera maackii) Allelochemicals. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1014. [PMID: 36903875 PMCID: PMC10005159 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species employ competitive strategies such as releasing allelopathic chemicals into the environment that negatively impact native species. Decomposing Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) leaves leach various allelopathic phenolics into the soil, decreasing the vigor of several native species. Notable differences in the net negative impacts of L. maackii metabolites on target species were argued to depend on soil properties, the microbiome, the proximity to the allelochemical source, the allelochemical concentration, or environmental conditions. This study is the first to address the role of target species' metabolic properties in determining their net sensitivity to allelopathic inhibition by L. maackii. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a critical regulator of seed germination and early development. We hypothesized that GA3 levels might affect the target sensitivity to allelopathic inhibitors and evaluated differences in the response of a standard (control, Rbr), a GA3-overproducing (ein), and a GA3-deficient (ros) Brassica rapa variety to L. maackii allelochemicals. Our results demonstrate that high GA3 concentrations substantially alleviate the inhibitory effects of L. maackii allelochemicals. A better understanding of the importance of target species' metabolic properties in their responses to allelochemicals will contribute to developing novel invasive species control and biodiversity conservation protocols and may contribute to applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csengele Éva Barta
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Brian Colby Jenkins
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Devon Shay Lindstrom
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Alyka Kay Zahnd
- Department of Biology, Missouri Western State University, 4525 Downs Drive, Agenstein-Remington Halls, St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA
| | - Gyöngyi Székely
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for Research-Development-Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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157
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Režić Mužinić N, Veršić Bratinčević M, Grubić M, Frleta Matas R, Čagalj M, Visković T, Popović M. Golden Chanterelle or a Gold Mine? Metabolites from Aqueous Extracts of Golden Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius) and Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36903356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantharellus cibarius, the golden chanterelle, is the second most-collected wild edible mushroom in Europe and very frequently harvested in Croatia. Wild mushrooms have been considered a healthy food since ancient times and are today highly valued for their beneficial nutritional as well as medicinal properties. Since golden chanterelle is added to different food products to improve their nutritive value, we studied the chemical profile of aqueous extracts of golden chanterelle (at 25 °C and 70 °C) and their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Malic acid, pyrogallol and oleic acid were some of the main compounds identified by GC-MS from derivatized extract. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid were the most abundant phenolics quantitatively determined by HPLC, with somewhat higher amounts for samples extracted at 70 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and oxygen radical absorption method, and the highest results were recorded for golden chanterelle extracted at 70 °C, being 41.54 ± 1.54 and 38.72 ± 2.47 µM TE/L, respectively. Aqueous extract at 25 °C showed the better response against human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 375µg/mL). Our results confirm the beneficial effect of golden chanterelle even under aqueous extraction conditions and highlight its significance as a dietary supplement and in the development of new beverage products.
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158
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Michalaki A, Karantonis HC, Kritikou AS, Thomaidis NS, Dasenaki ME. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation from Oregano ( Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) Using Response Surface Methodology and Identification of Specific Phenolic Compounds with HPLC-PDA and Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052033. [PMID: 36903279 PMCID: PMC10004109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano is native to the Mediterranean region and it has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds particularly flavonoids that have been related with multiple bioactivities towards certain diseases. Oregano is cultivated in the island of Lemnos where the climate promotes its growth and thus it could be further used in promoting local economy. The aim of the present study was to establish a methodology for the extraction of total phenolic content along with the antioxidant capacity of oregano by using response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions with regard to the extraction time, temperature, and solvent mixture with the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction. For the optimized extracts, identification of the most abundant flavonoids (luteolin, kaempferol, and apigenin) was performed with an analytical HPLC-PDA and UPLC-Q-TOF MS methodology. The predicted optimal conditions of the statistical model were identified, and the predicted values confirmed. The linear factors evaluated, temperature, time, and ethanol concentration, all showed significant effect (p < 0.05), and the regression coefficient (R2) presented a good correlation between predicted and experimental data. Actual values under optimum conditions were 362.1 ± 1.8 and 108.6 ± 0.9 mg/g dry oregano with regard to total phenolic content and antioxidant activity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. Additionally, further antioxidant activities by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) (115.2 ± 1.2 mg/g dry oregano), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (13.7 ± 0.8 mg/g dry oregano), and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) (1.2 ± 0.2 mg/g dry oregano) assays were performed for the optimized extract. The extract acquired under the optimum conditions contain an adequate quantity of phenolic compounds that could be used in the production of functional foods by food enrichment procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Michalaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of The Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.C.K.); Tel.: +30-225408311 (H.C.K.)
| | - Haralabos C. Karantonis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of The Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (H.C.K.); Tel.: +30-225408311 (H.C.K.)
| | - Anastasia S. Kritikou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Marilena E. Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
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159
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Netshimbupfe MH, Berner J, Van Der Kooy F, Oladimeji O, Gouws C. Influence of Drought and Heat Stress on Mineral Content, Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compound Accumulation in Four African Amaranthus Species. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:953. [PMID: 36840301 PMCID: PMC9966708 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and heat stress is known to influence the accumulation of mineral content, antioxidant activity, phenolics, flavonoids and other bioactive compounds in many tolerant leafy vegetables. Amaranthus plants can tolerate adverse weather conditions, especially drought and heat. Therefore, evaluating the influence of drought and heat stress on commercially and medically important crop species like Amaranthus is important to grow the crop for optimal nutritional and medicinal properties. This study investigated the influence of drought and heat stress and a combination of both on the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant capacity of African Amaranthus caudatus, A. hypochondriacus, A. cruentus and A. spinosus. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted with methanol and aqueous solvents and were quantified using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeic acid was the main phenolic compound identified in aqueous extracts of A. caudatus and A. hypochondriacus. Rutin was the most abundant flavonoid compound in all the Amaranthus species tested, with the highest concentration found in A. caudatus. The results suggest a strong positive, but species and compound-specific effect of drought and heat stress on bioactive compounds accumulation. We concluded that heat stress at 40 °C under well-watered conditions and combined drought and heat stress (at 30 °C and 35 °C) appeared to induce the accumulation of caffeic acid and rutin. Hence, cultivation of these species in semi-arid and arid areas is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Berner
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Frank Van Der Kooy
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Olakunle Oladimeji
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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160
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Tzima K, Putsakum G, Rai DK. Antioxidant Guided Fractionation of Blackberry Polyphenols Show Synergistic Role of Catechins and Ellagitannins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041933. [PMID: 36838920 PMCID: PMC9967577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, blackberry extract was prepared using a previously optimized solid-liquid extraction method in 70% aqueous acetone aimed at the recovery of its principal phenolics. Subsequently, 0.5 g of freeze-dried extract was subjected to flash chromatography fractionation, which was conducted on a C18 column using a binary solvent system of water and methanol at 10 mL/min. The total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of the obtained 42 flash fractions were determined, and a strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.986) was exhibited among them. Furthermore, the graph of the antioxidant indices of the flash fractions resembled the flash chromatogram, suggesting a good correlation among the compounds within the chromatographic peaks and the antioxidant indices. LC-MS/MS identified as many 28 phenolics, including cinnamtannin A2 reported for the first time in blackberries. This study further established the role of dominant anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside), but uniquely those of ellagitannins and catechins on the antioxidant capacity of blackberries.
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161
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Świątek Ł, Sieniawska E, Sinan KI, Zengin G, Boguszewska A, Hryć B, Bene K, Polz-Dacewicz M, Dall’Acqua S. Chemical Characterization of Different Extracts of Justicia secunda Vahl and Determination of Their Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic, Anti-Viral, and Cytotoxic Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020509. [PMID: 36830068 PMCID: PMC9952096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Justicia secunda Vahl. is a traditional medicinal plant in tropical regions, including West Africa. The present study examined the chemical profiles and biological properties of J. secunda extracts obtained with different solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous: macerated and infused). Chemical components were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and over 50 compounds were identified, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, cytotoxic, and antiviral properties were selected as biological properties. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol (58.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 13.07 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g) and water (infused) (36.34 mg GAE/g and 8.52 mg RE/g) were higher than in other extracts. Consistent with the levels of total bioactive components, the methanol and water extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant abilities. However, the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts were more active on α-amylase and α-glucosidase than other extracts. Aqueous extracts exerted selective anticancer properties toward human pharyngeal cancer cell lines, whereas the methanolic extract decreased the human herpesvirus type-1 (HHV-1) infectious titer by 2.16 log and the viral load by 1.21 log. Overall, J. secunda could be considered a multifunctional bioactive raw material in the preparation of potent applications to manage diseases related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Anastazja Boguszewska
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Benita Hryć
- Medicofarma Biotech S.A., Zamenhofa 29, 20-453 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Lovegrove A, Dunn J, Pellny TK, Hood J, Burridge AJ, America AHP, Gilissen L, Timmer R, Proos-Huijsmans ZAM, van Straaten JP, Jonkers D, Ward JL, Brouns F, Shewry PR. Comparative Compositions of Grain of Bread Wheat, Emmer and Spelt Grown with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilisation. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36832918 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Five cultivars of bread wheat and spelt and three of emmer were grown in replicate randomised field trials on two sites for two years with 100 and 200 kg nitrogen fertiliser per hectare, reflecting low input and intensive farming systems. Wholemeal flours were analysed for components that are suggested to contribute to a healthy diet. The ranges of all components overlapped between the three cereal types, reflecting the effects of both genotype and environment. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences in the contents of some components were observed. Notably, emmer and spelt had higher contents of protein, iron, zinc, magnesium, choline and glycine betaine, but also of asparagine (the precursor of acrylamide) and raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat had higher contents of the two major types of fibre, arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan, than emmer and a higher AX content than spelt. Although such differences in composition may be suggested to result in effects on metabolic parameters and health when studied in isolation, the final effects will depend on the quantity consumed and the composition of the overall diet.
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163
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Cerit İ, Demirkol O, Avcı A, Arkan BS. Phenolic content and oxidative stability of chocolates produced with roasted and unroasted cocoa beans. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231154429. [PMID: 36797992 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce chocolate using roasted (RB) and unroasted cocoa beans (URB). The effect of roasting on the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) values], phenolic compounds, caffeine, oxidative stability [free fatty acid, peroxide, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) analysis of both cocoa beans and chocolate samples were analyzed. According to the results, the TPC of URB (24.96 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample) was higher than roasted beans (21.32 mg GAE/g sample). Similar results were also seen in the TPC of chocolate samples. Although roasting did not affect the DPPH scavenging activity and caffeine content of cocoa beans, it decreased FRAP and CUPRAC values. (-)-Epicatechin and chlorogenic acid values were higher in unroasted bean and chocolate samples, but the amount of gallic acid increased with the roasting process. Free fatty acid, peroxide, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, and TBARS results of unroasted samples were lower than roasted ones, indicating better oxidative stability. The melting temperatures of cocoa beans changed with roasting while it was similar between chocolate samples. Composition of the beans and the chocolate samples were qualitatively determined with FTIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Cerit
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Omca Demirkol
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Avcı
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Betül Sena Arkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Esentepe, Sakarya, Turkey
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164
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Baiano A, la Gatta B, Rutigliano M, Fiore A. Functional Bread Produced in a Circular Economy Perspective: The Use of Brewers' Spent Grain. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040834. [PMID: 36832911 PMCID: PMC9957138 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the brewing industry, corresponding to ~85% of its solid residues. The attention of food technologists towards BSG is due to its content in nutraceutical compounds and its suitability to be dried, ground, and used for bakery products. This work was aimed to investigate the use of BSG as a functional ingredient in bread-making. BSGs were characterised for formulation (three mixtures of malted barley and unmalted durum (Da), soft (Ri), or emmer (Em) wheats) and origin (two cereal cultivation places). The breads enriched with two different percentages of each BSG flour and gluten were analysed to evaluate the effects of replacements on their overall quality and functional characteristics. Principal Component Analysis homogeneously grouped BSGs by type and origin and breads into three sets: the control bread, with high values of crumb development, a specific volume, a minimum and maximum height, and cohesiveness; Em breads, with high values of IDF, TPC, crispiness, porosity, fibrousness, and wheat smell; and the group of Ri and Da breads, which have high values of overall smell intensity, toasty smell, pore size, crust thickness, overall quality, a darker crumb colour, and intermediate TPC. Based on these results, Em breads had the highest concentrations of nutraceuticals but the lowest overall quality. Ri and Da breads were the best choice (intermediate phenolic and fibre contents and overall quality comparable to that of control bread). Practical applications: the transformation of breweries into biorefineries capable of turning BSG into high-value, low-perishable ingredients; the extensive use of BSGs to increase the production of food commodities; and the study of food formulations marketable with health claims.
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165
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Mencin M, Markanovič N, Mikulič-Petkovšek M, Veberič R, Terpinc P. Changes in the Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants after Simulated In Vitro Digestion of Bioprocessed Spelt-Enhanced Wheat Bread. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830044 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether the partial replacement of wheat flour with bioprocessed spelt flour contributes to a higher bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in bread. The results showed that the type and amount of bioprocessed spelt flour in a bread recipe has a major impact on the extractable and bound TPC, the content of individual phenolics, their antioxidant activity, and their bioaccessibility as determined by in vitro digestion. Extractable p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids in breads decreased after digestion, while extractable cis-ferulic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids increased. The bioaccessibility of TPC in the control bread (100% wheat flour), and in bread enriched with 5% "germinated + fermented" spelt flour (GFB5), did not differ. However, the digested GFB5 bread contained 5.2-times more extractable, and 1.3-times more bound, trans-ferulic acid than the digested control bread. trans-Ferulic acid showed the lowest bioaccessibility, up to 2.8%. In GFB2.5 and GFB5 breads, the bioaccessibility of p-coumaric, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids was higher than in other digested breads. PCA visualized the difference between the undigested and digested breads. The incorporation of germinated and fermented, or germinated and enzymatic, treated spelt flour in a white bread recipe could be an attractive way of providing consumers with nutritionally interesting foods.
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166
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Molina I, Bueno A, Heredia A, Domínguez E. Editorial: Plant cuticle: From biosynthesis to ecological functions. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1154255. [PMID: 36875608 PMCID: PMC9975735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Amauri Bueno
- Chair of Botany II – Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius von Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Heredia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Domínguez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Estación Experimental La Mayora, Málaga, Spain
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167
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH. Therapeutic Potential of Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants-Natural Health Products for Human Health. Molecules 2023; 28:1845. [PMID: 36838831 PMCID: PMC9960276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are potential substitutes for bioactive agents in pharmaceutical and medicinal sections to promote human health and prevent and cure different diseases. The most common flavonoids found in nature are anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanonols, isoflavones, and other sub-classes. The impacts of plant flavonoids and other phenolics on human health promoting and diseases curing and preventing are antioxidant effects, antibacterial impacts, cardioprotective effects, anticancer impacts, immune system promoting, anti-inflammatory effects, and skin protective effects from UV radiation. This work aims to provide an overview of phenolic compounds and flavonoids as potential and important sources of pharmaceutical and medical application according to recently published studies, as well as some interesting directions for future research. The keyword searches for flavonoids, phenolics, isoflavones, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, xanthones, curcuminoids, stilbenes, cucurmin, phenylethanoids, and secoiridoids medicinal plant were performed by using Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and PubMed. Phenolic acids contain a carboxylic acid group in addition to the basic phenolic structure and are mainly divided into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Hydroxybenzoic acids are based on a C6-C1 skeleton and are often found bound to small organic acids, glycosyl moieties, or cell structural components. Common hydroxybenzoic acids include gallic, syringic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, gentistic, and salicylic acids. Hydroxycinnamic acids are based on a C6-C3 skeleton and are also often bound to other molecules such as quinic acid and glucose. The main hydroxycinnamic acids are caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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168
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Luu LK, Thangsiri S, Sahasakul Y, Aursalung A, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, On-Nom N, Chupeerach C, Suttisansanee U. Nutrients, Phytochemicals and In Vitro Disease Prevention of Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz Fruit. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040950. [PMID: 36839313 PMCID: PMC9960393 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz is an evergreen tree in the Sapindaceae family, mostly found in the forests of some Southeast Asia countries, especially Thailand. The lack of biological information regarding this tree has led to inappropriate agricultural management, conservation and utilization. Thus, this study aims to examine the nutritional composition, organic acid and phenolic profiles and in vitro health properties through several key enzyme inhibitions against some civilization diseases including Alzheimer's disease (β-secretase (BACE-1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), obesity (lipase), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)) and diabetes (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase and α-glucosidase) on the aril (flesh) part of N. hypoleucum Kurz fruit. The remaining fruit parts including the pericarp (peel) and seed were also assessed as sources of potential phenolics as well as key enzyme inhibitors. As results, carbohydrate (17.18 g) was found to be a major source of energy (74.80 kcal) in the aril (100 g fresh weight), with trace amounts of protein (0.78 g) and fat (0.32 g). The fruit aril also contained high insoluble dietary fiber (5.02 g) and vitamin C (11.56 mg), while potassium (215.82 mg) was detected as the major mineral. Organic acid profile indicated that the aril was rich in citric acid, while the phenolic profile suggested predominant quercetin and kaempferol. Interestingly, high gallic acid contents were detected in both pericarp and seed, with the latter 3.2-fold higher than the former. The seed also possessed the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 149.45 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), while total anthocyanin content (TAC, 0.21 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/g dry weight) was only detected in pericarp. High TPC also led to high enzyme inhibitory activities in seed including BACE-1, AChE, BChE, ACE, DPP-IV and α-glucosidase. Interestingly, aril with the highest α-amylase inhibition suggested strong inhibitory distribution, predominantly from quercetin and kaempferol. Lipase inhibitory activities were only detected in the aril and pericarp, suggesting the biological function of these two phenolics and possibly anthocyanins.
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169
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Cui N, Perré P, Michiels E, Pozzobon V. A Novel Strategy to Enhance Antioxidant Content in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Based on Oxygen Pressure. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020246. [PMID: 36829740 PMCID: PMC9952505 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant foods represent a potent lever to improve diets while creating value. Yet, their cultivation is often tied to a specific area and climate, limiting availability and increasing market cost. Therefore, microorganism-based antioxidant production emerges as a promising technology to solve these problems. In this view, a novel process was investigated for antioxidant accumulation in yeast culture. S. cerevisiae cells were exposed to various hyperbaric air conditions from 1 to 9 bar (A). Yeast cultures exhibited an increased reactive oxygen species content, which induced oxidative defense expression. After a few hours, reactive oxygen species levels decreased while antioxidant contents remained high, leading to a net increase in antioxidant power. At 6 bar (A), yeast achieved the highest net antioxidant power (phenolics content +48.3 ± 18.6 %, reducing power +120 ± 11.4 %) with an acceptable growth rate (0.27 h-1). Regarding time evolution, a 2 h exposure seems to be the optimum: cells have the lowest reactive oxygen species level while their antioxidant power is increased. From a biotechnological perspective, this finding highlights air pressure as an antioxidant-manipulating stress strategy. Moreover, the proposed process led to a patent that could potentially reduce energy and chemical consumption in such antioxidant accumulation processes.
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170
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Hendrysiak A, Brzezowska J, Nicolet N, Bocquel D, Andlauer W, Michalska-Ciechanowska A. Juice Powders from Rosehip ( Rosa canina L.): Physical, Chemical, and Antiglycation Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041674. [PMID: 36838668 PMCID: PMC9964629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits from rosehip (Rosa canina L.) are gaining popularity due to their content and profile of bioactive components. Rosehip is distinct for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties. However, the abundance of these bioactives led to a tart taste, resulting in its consumption mainly in processed form. Due to microbiological safety, pasteurization is the preferred way of processing, which affects the chemical properties of the juice. A promising approach to improve acceptability of rosehip's physical properties, while preserving its bioactive compounds and adding health-promoting benefits, is to enrich the rosehip juice with functional carriers before drying. The influence of the carrier type (maltodextrin, inulin, trehalose, palatinose) and drying technique (spray- and freeze-drying) on the physical, chemical, and antioxidant properties of pasteurized, and non-pasteurized juice powders was examined in this study. In addition, the ability of powders with functional carriers to inhibit protein glycation was evaluated. Spray drying led to products with improved physical properties in relation to freeze-drying. The addition of carrier substances significantly influenced the antioxidant capacity determined by TEAC ABTS and FRAP methods, whereby the application of inulin and palatinose retained antioxidant capacity better than the frequently used maltodextrin. Moreover, rosehip juice powders showed a promising ability to inhibit protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hendrysiak
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (W.A.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Jessica Brzezowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Nancy Nicolet
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais Wallis), Rue de l’Industrie 19, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Bocquel
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais Wallis), Rue de l’Industrie 19, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Wilfried Andlauer
- Institute of Life Technologies, School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais Wallis), Rue de l’Industrie 19, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (W.A.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Anna Michalska-Ciechanowska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (W.A.); (A.M.-C.)
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171
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Voß AC, Eilers EJ, Müller C. Fungicides Cuprozin Progress and SWITCH Modulate Primary and Specialized Metabolites of Strawberry Fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2482-2492. [PMID: 36693634 PMCID: PMC9913448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pesticides, including fungicides, are applied every year to crop plants. However, such application may affect the plant metabolism and thus crop quality. Strawberry is an economically important crop, but the fruits are highly susceptible, especially to fungal diseases. In the present study, the effects of two fungicides, Cuprozin progress and SWITCH, on the metabolism of two cultivars and the wild strawberry were tested, focusing on primary (amino acids, (in)organic acids, sugars, total phenolics) and specialized metabolites (aroma volatiles), which determine the fruit flavor. The fungicide treatment significantly affected 11 out of 57 metabolites, while 20 of those differed between strawberry types and 27 were affected by the interaction of both factors. Given these modifications in metabolites in response to the treatments, the taste and quality of the strawberries may pronouncedly change when plants are treated with fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Voß
- Department
of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Eilers
- Department
of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- CTL
GmbH Bielefeld, Krackser
Straße 12, 33659 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department
of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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172
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Zhou H, Hua J, Li H, Song X, Luo S. Structurally diverse specialized metabolites of maize and their extensive biological functions. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36745523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maize originated in southern Mexico and various hybrid varieties have been bred during domestication. All maize tissues are rich in specialized plant metabolites (SPMs), which allow the plants to resist the stresses of herbivores and pathogens or environmental factors. To date, a total of 95 terpenoids, 91 phenolics, 31 alkaloids, and 6 other types of compounds have been identified from maize. Certain volatile sesquiterpenes released by maize plants attract the natural enemies of maize herbivores and provide an indirect defensive function. Kauralexins and dolabralexins are the most abundant diterpenoids in maize and are known to regulate and stabilize the maize rhizosphere microbial community. Benzoxazinoids and benzoxazolinones are the main alkaloids in maize and are found in maize plants at the highest concentrations at the seedling stage. These two kinds of alkaloids directly resist herbivory and pathogenic infection. Phenolics enhance the cross-links between maize cell walls. Meanwhile, SPMs also regulate plant-plant relationships. In conclusion, SPMs in maize show a large diversity of chemical structures and broad-spectrum biological activities. We use these to provide ideas and information to enable the improvement of maize resistances through breeding and to promote the rapid development of the maize industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Hua
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongdi Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinyu Song
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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173
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Jovanović-Cvetković T, Sredojević M, Natić M, Grbić R, Akšić MF, Ercisli S, Cvetković M. Exploration and Comparison of the Behavior of Some Indigenous and International Varieties ( Vitis vinifera L.) Grown in Climatic Conditions of Herzegovina: The Influence of Variety and Vintage on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Grapes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:695. [PMID: 36840043 PMCID: PMC9961569 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Viticulture is of great economic importance in the southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, thanks to favorable climatic conditions and a long-standing tradition of growing vines. The assortment is dominated by international varieties, as well as some autochthonous and domesticated varieties. The subject of the research is the analysis of the quality of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Vranac, and Blatina varieties at two localities in Herzegovina during the period 2020-2021. The paper examined the most important economic and technological characteristics, grape quality, and berry phenolic profile. A particularly pronounced variation of the tested characteristics during the research period was observed in the Merlot and Blatina varieties, while the Cabernet Sauvignon and Vranac varieties showed a slightly higher stability of the tested characteristics. Poorer grape quality during the research period was registered with the Blatina variety, which can be considered a varietal characteristic to some extent. The analyzed grape varieties were rich in polyphenols, and the impact of grape variety on the berry phenolic profiles was confirmed. The most abundant polyphenols in the analyzed grape samples were quercetin 3-O-glucoside and catechin gallate, followed by kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. The highest values of polyphenols were found mainly in the samples originating from Trebinje. Indigenous Balkan grape varieties (Vranac and Blatina) stood out with particularly high contents of some phenolics. Research has shown that climatic conditions have a significant influence on the most important characteristics of grapes, which are conditioned by genotypic specificities. The conditions for growing vines in the conditions of Herzegovina enable high quality in the production of grapes, especially the Cabernet Sauvignon and Vranac varieties. The autochthonous variety Blatina shows significant variations in grape quality during the test period, which was confirmed by the results of a larger number of studies in the previous period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milica Sredojević
- Innovative Centre Faculty of Chemistry Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Natić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Grbić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica Fotirić Akšić
- Department of Fruit Science and Viticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Miljan Cvetković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Ramos LC, Palacios J, Barrientos RE, Gómez J, Castagnini JM, Barba FJ, Tapia A, Paredes A, Cifuentes F, Simirgiotis MJ. UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav Berries. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030643. [PMID: 36766170 PMCID: PMC9914855 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC50: 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC50: 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC50: 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC50: 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC50: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50-60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that A. dentata is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cuesta Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Javier Palacios
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Ruth E. Barrientos
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Jessica Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Castagnini
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.)
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, Argentina
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fredi Cifuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Mario J. Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.); (M.J.S.); Tel.: +56-63-63233257 (M.J.S.)
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175
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Boghossian M, Brassesco ME, Miller FA, Silva CLM, Brandão TRS. Thermosonication Applied to Kiwi Peel: Impact on Nutritional and Microbiological Indicators. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030622. [PMID: 36766150 PMCID: PMC9914669 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The peels of many fruits are rich sources of nutrients, although they are not commonly consumed. If they are properly decontaminated, they can be used as healthy food ingredients reducing food waste. The objective was to apply thermosonication processes to kiwi peel and evaluate the impact on Listeria innocua survival (a non-pathogenic surrogate of L. monocytogenes) and key nutrients and quality indicators: proteins, fibers, minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P), chlorophylls, and phenolic contents. Kiwi peels were artificially inoculated with L. innocua and thermal and thermosonication treatments were performed at 55 °C and 60 °C for 30 and 15 min maximum, respectively. Bacteria were enumerated through treatment time, and quality indicators were assessed before and at the end of treatments. A Weibull model with a decimal reduction time (D-value) was successfully used in L. innocua survival data fits. Results showed that coupling temperature to ultrasound had a synergistic effect on bacteria inactivation with significant decreases in D-values. Thermosonication at 60 °C was the most effective in terms of protein, fiber, chlorophylls, and phenolics retention. Minerals were not significantly affected by all treatments. Applying thermosonication to kiwi peel was more effective for decontamination than thermal treatments at the same temperature while allowing the retention of healthy compounds.
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176
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Zhao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Lv G, Lin H, Lin Z. UPLC-MS/MS profiling, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and potential health benefits prediction of phenolic compounds in hazel leaf. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1092071. [PMID: 36819681 PMCID: PMC9929368 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazel leaf, one of the by-products of hazelnut, which is widely used in traditional folk medicine around the world. In the present study, the profile of free, conjugated, and bound phenolic compounds from hazel leaf was detected and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. The potential health benefits of different phenolic compounds were also predicted. The results showed that the 35 phenolic substances of free, conjugated and bound forms were identified including phenolic acids, flavonoids and catechins. Most of the hazel leaf phenolics were presented in free form, followed by conjugated and bound form. All the fractions effectively inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde in TBHP-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells by enhancing endogenous superoxide dismutase, and accordingly alleviated inflammatory cytokines (NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, showing obvious antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Moreover, combined with network pharmacology, the potential therapeutic effects and functional pathways of hazel leaf phenolics were predicted, which provided value basis for exploring their treatment on diseases and developing health products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - He Lin
- *Correspondence: He Lin ✉
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177
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Ratha J, Yongram C, Panyatip P, Powijitkul P, Siriparu P, Datham S, Priprem A, Srisongkram T, Puthongking P. Polyphenol and Tryptophan Contents of Purple Corn ( Zea mays L.) Variety KND and Butterfly Pea ( Clitoria ternatea) Aqueous Extracts: Insights into Phytochemical Profiles with Antioxidant Activities and PCA Analysis. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12030603. [PMID: 36771687 PMCID: PMC9921721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant activity. Several studies have revealed that the consumption of plant polyphenols reduces the risk of diseases. Purple corn (Zea mays L. variety KND) and butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea; CT) were selected to be investigated as alternative natural polyphenol sources to increase the value of these plants. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of KND cob, silk, husk and CT extracts alone and in combination were investigated in this study. The results revealed that purple corn cob (C) extract had the highest tryptophan, melatonin, total anthocyanin (TAC) and delphinidin content, while the purple corn silk (S) extract showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities. Serotonin was found only in purple corn husk (H) extract and C extract. High contents of tryptophan and sinapic acid were found in CT extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that strong antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid contents, moderate antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with melatonin, and low antioxidant activities were strongly correlated with sinapic acid content. Therefore, the purple corn variety KND waste cobs, silk and husks are a potentially rich source of health-promoting phytochemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamat Ratha
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Yongram
- Division of Cannabis Health Science, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suansunandha Rajabhat University, Samut Songkhram 75000, Thailand
| | - Panyada Panyatip
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Patcharapol Powijitkul
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pimolwan Siriparu
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suthida Datham
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ploenthip Puthongking
- Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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178
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Tian J, Cheng F, Yun Y, Yi J, Cai S, Zhou L. Characterization of the flavor, sensory quality and in vitro bioaccessibility in cloudy pomegranate juice treated by high pressure and thermal processing. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:666-679. [PMID: 36054255 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, cloudy pomegranate juice (PJ) has become popular due to its rich phenolic and health-promoting effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the application of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP), pasteurization (PT) and high-temperature short-time sterilization (HTST) on physicochemical properties (color, flow behavior, turbidity, sugars, organic acids, aroma and sensory evaluation) and in vitro bioaccessibility of total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and phenolics of cloudy PJ. RESULTS Compared to HPP, thermal sterilization significantly increased the brightness (L*), redness (a*), total color difference (ΔE) and turbidity, and decreased the TPC and TFC. HPP maintained the volatile profile of cloudy PJ better, while thermal sterilization significantly changed the profile by decreasing alcohols 23.8-32.7% and increasing acids by 33.6%-182.8%. The bioaccessibility of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins in the control cloudy PJ after in vitro oral-gastric-intestinal digestion were 1.5%, 4.9%, and 9.0%, respectively, which were not significantly changed by different treatments. CONCLUSION These results contributed to promoting the color quality and health benefits of cloudy PJ rich in phenolics by optimizing the processing conditions in the food industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyun Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yurou Yun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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179
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Hossain MB, Ahmed L, Martin-Diana AB, Brunton NP, Barry-Ryan C. Individual and Combined Antioxidant Activity of Spices and Spice Phenolics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36829866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the interaction effects (additive, synergistic, and antagonistic) of different groups of spices, their constituent phenolic compounds, and synthetic antioxidants on the total phenol (TP) content and antioxidant activity, as measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the mixtures. The results showed that there was an additive effect in all the groups studied, except for the group containing turmeric or curcumin. The groups containing turmeric or curcumin showed a moderate synergistic effect. Among the groups of spices, the highest summated TP (50.6 mg GAE/mL) and FRAP (106.2 mg Trolox/mL) values were observed in the group containing clove, cinnamon, pimento, rosemary, oregano, and cardamom. In the case of the groups of pure phenolics, the highest summated TP (364.96 mg GAE/mL) and FRAP (1124.25 mg Trolox/mL) values were observed in the group containing eugenol, acetyl eugenol, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid. The summated and combined TP and FRAP values of the samples correlated highly with the correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.976 and 0.988, respectively, inferring an additive nature of the interaction effect in most of the groups studied. The interactions of phenolics in mixtures are very complex, being affected by a number of factors, and requires more investigations. The current study will add considerable knowledge to the existing literature to understand the diversity and mechanisms of interactions.
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180
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Katanić Stanković JS, Đorović Jovanović J, Mišić D, Gašić U, Nikles S, Marković Z, Bauer R. UHPLC-MS Phytochemical Profiling and Insight into Bioactivity of Rabelera holostea (Greater Stitchwort) Extract. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabelera holostea (L.) M. T. Sharples & E. A. Tripp (Greater Stitchwort), formerly known as Stellaria holostea L., is widespread in the warm temperate areas of Europe and Western Asia, the Caucasus region, as well as in some countries of North Africa. Nowadays it is considered as a weed, but earlier it was often used raw in salads or for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The goal of this study was to determine the constituents of the methanol extract of R. holostea aerial parts and its biological potential in terms of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Until now, the constituents and biological activities of this plant were not reported in detail. A comprehensive phytochemical profiling of the extract has shown that phenolic acids, such as ferulic, chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acid, flavonoids and flavonoid glucosides, such as chrysoeriol, rutin, and naringin, are the most abundant compounds. The antioxidant activity of R. holostea extract towards DPPH and ABTS radicals, but also the total antioxidant capacity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation were moderate. The antimicrobial potential was pronounced mostly towards some fungi such as F. oxysporum (MIC 1.25 mg/mL), whereas the capacity of R. holostea to affect the growth of bacteria was much less pronounced. R. holostea extract was most inclined to anti-inflammatory activity. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, it significantly inhibited both cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) by 71.24% and 72.83%, respectively. Molecular docking studies indicated that chlorogenic acid and chrysoeriol are the main contributors to COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.
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181
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Giraldo-Silva L, Ferreira B, Rosa E, Dias ACP. Opuntia ficus-indica Fruit: A Systematic Review of Its Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Activities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12030543. [PMID: 36771630 PMCID: PMC9919935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of Opuntia ficus-indica fruits in the agro-food sector is increasing for a multiplicity of players. This renewed interest is, in part, due to its organoleptic characteristics, nutritional value and health benefits. Furthermore, industries from different sectors intend to make use of its vast array of metabolites to be used in different fields. This trend represents an economic growth opportunity for several partners who could find new opportunities exploring non-conventional fruits, and such is the case for Opuntia ficus-indica. O. ficus-indica originates from Mexico, belongs to the Cactaceae family and is commonly known as opuntia, prickly pear or cactus pear. The species produces flowers, cladodes and fruits that are consumed either in raw or in processed products. Recent publications described that consumption of the fruit improves human health, exhibiting antioxidant activity and other relevant pharmacological activities through enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Thus, we provide a systematic, scientific and rational review for researchers, consumers and other relevant stakeholders regarding the chemical composition and biological activities of O. ficus-indica fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Giraldo-Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alberto C. P. Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Papadopoulou S, Stefi AL, Meletiou-Christou MS, Christodoulakis NS, Gkikas D, Rhizopoulou S. Structural and Physiological Traits of Compound Leaves of Ceratonia siliqua Trees Grown in Urban and Suburban Ambient Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:514. [PMID: 36771599 PMCID: PMC9920102 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob tree) is an endemic plant to the eastern Mediterranean region. In the present study, anatomical and physiological traits of successively grown compound leaves (i.e., the first, third, fifth and seventh leaves) of C. siliqua were investigated in an attempt to evaluate their growth under urban and suburban environmental conditions. Chlorophyll and phenolic content, as well as the specific leaf area of the compound leaves were determined. Structural traits of leaflets (i.e., thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma, abaxial and adaxial epidermis, as well as abaxial and adaxial periclinal wall) were also investigated in expanding and fully expanded leaflets. Fully expanded leaflets from urban sites exhibited increased thickness of the lamina and the palisade parenchyma, while the thickness of the spongy parenchyma was thicker in suburban specimens. The palisade tissue was less extended than the spongy tissue in expanding leaflets, while the opposite held true for the expanded leaflets. Moreover, the thickness of the adaxial and the abaxial epidermises, as well as the adaxial and abaxial periclinal wall were higher in suburban leaflets. The chlorophyll content increased concomitantly with the specific leaf area (SLA) of both expanding and expanded leaflets, and strong positive correlations were detected, while the phenolic content declined with the increased SLA of expanding and expanded leaflets. It is noteworthy that the SLA of expanding leaflets in the suburban site was comparable to the SLA of expanded leaflets experiencing air pollution in urban sites; the size and the mass of leaf blades of C. siliqua possess adaptive features to air pollution. These results, linked to the functional structure of expanding and expanded successive foliar tissues, provide valuable assessment information coordinated with an adaptive process and yield of carob trees exposed to the considered ambient conditions, which have not hitherto been published.
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183
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Altuntaş Ü, Güzel İ, Özçelik B. Phenolic Constituents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity and Clustering Analysis of Propolis Samples Based on PCA from Different Regions of Anatolia. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36770788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical composition and biological activity of propolis samples from different regions of Türkiye to characterize and classify 24 Anatolian propolis samples according to their geographical origin. Chemometric techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA), were applied for the first time to all data, including antioxidant capacity, individual phenolic constituents, and the antimicrobial activity of propolis to reveal the possible clustering of Anatolian propolis samples according to their geographical origin. As a result, the total phenolic content (TPC) of the propolis samples varied from 16.73 to 125.83 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g) sample, while the number of total flavonoids varied from 57.98 to 327.38 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g) sample. The identified constituents of propolis were phenolic/aromatic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid), phenolic aldehyde (vanillin), and flavonoids (pinocembrin, kaempferol, pinobanksin, and apigenin). This study has shown that the application of the PCA chemometric method to the biochemical composition and biological activity of propolis allows for the successful clustering of Anatolian propolis samples from different regions of Türkiye, except for samples from the Black Sea region.
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184
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Jurič A, Brčić Karačonji I, Gašić U, Milojković Opsenica D, Prđun S, Bubalo D, Lušić D, Vahčić N, Kopjar N. Protective Effects of Arbutus unedo L. Honey in the Alleviation of Irinotecan-Induced Cytogenetic Damage in Human Lymphocytes-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031903. [PMID: 36768223 PMCID: PMC9916164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey (STH) has been used since ancient times as a folk medicine remedy, especially in certain Mediterranean countries. This honey, rich in phenolic content, is well recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, and is used for the treatment of skin lesions as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. This study investigated whether STH alleviates genome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes produced by the cytotoxic drug irinotecan. The phenolic profile of STH was previously estimated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear ion trap-Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer. The effects of STH were evaluated at three concentrations (1×, 5×, and 10×), based on the daily consumption of the honey by an adult person. After 2 h of in vitro exposure, standard lymphocyte cultures for the analysis of chromosome aberrations and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay were established. Our results demonstrate that STH offered remarkable geno- and cytoprotection when administered with irinotecan. These findings are relevant for drawing preliminary conclusions regarding the in vitro safety of the tested honey. However, further studies are needed with the application of more complex experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Saša Prđun
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Bubalo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dražen Lušić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nada Vahčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Ahad T, Gull A, Masoodi FA, Nissar J, Masoodi L, Sajad Wani M. Effect of excipient wall materials on the development of ginger oleoresin microcapsules: assessing the physicochemical, antioxidant and structural properties. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:73-82. [PMID: 35794734 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginger oleoresin is prone to destruction from air, light and high temperatures and has a limited shelf life if kept improperly. Its viscous and sticky characteristics also make it difficult to handle and utilize. These issues can be solved via microencapsulation. The goal of this research was to evaluate how different wall materials affect the properties of microencapsulated ginger oleoresin powder. RESULTS Ginger oleoresin microcapsules were developed through spray drying technique using gum acacia (GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI) as wall materials. The characteristics of the obtained powder, including water activity, wettability and encapsulation efficiency, were evaluated, corresponded to values of 0.20, 90.54 s and 84.15% for whey protein isolate-based ginger oleoresin powder. Whey protein isolate microcapsules also exhibited higher phenolic content (27.26 mg gallic acid equivalents g-1 ), total flavonoid (2.94 mg quercetin equivalents g-1 ) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (68.71%) than GA microcapsules. Both WPI- and GA-based oleoresin microcapsules displayed poor flowability, but possessed a metastable amorphous state as indicated by X-ray diffraction. GA-encapsulated oleoresin microcapsules showed a significant increase in particle size (1983 nm) compared to WPI oleoresin microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the developed oleoresin microcapsules indicated no change in molecular structure except for a variation in peak intensity. CONCLUSION Whey protein isolate proved to be more efficient in maintaining the physicochemical and antioxidant activity of spray-dried ginger oleoresin powder. The present study revealed whey protein-based oleoresin powder could be used as a therapeutic agent in various nutraceutical applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmeena Ahad
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Amir Gull
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Jasia Nissar
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Lubna Masoodi
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Mohd Sajad Wani
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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186
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Lawag IL, Islam MK, Sostaric T, Lim LY, Hammer K, Locher C. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compound Identification and Quantification in Western Australian Honeys. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010189. [PMID: 36671051 PMCID: PMC9854687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as well as the phenolic compounds that are present in Calothamnus spp. (Red Bell), Agonis flexuosa (Coastal Peppermint), Corymbia calophylla (Marri) and Eucalyptus marginata (Jarrah) honeys from Western Australia. The honey's total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a modified Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while their total antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP and DPPH assays. Phenolic constituents were identified using a High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HTPLC)-derived phenolic database, and the identified phenolic compounds were quantified using HPTLC. Finally, constituents that contribute to the honeys' antioxidant activity were identified using a DPPH-HPTLC bioautography assay. Based on the results, Calothamnus spp. honey (n = 8) was found to contain the highest (59.4 ± 7.91 mg GAE/100 g) TPC, followed by Eucalyptus marginata honey (50.58 ± 3.76 mg GAE/100 g), Agonis flexuosa honey (36.08 ± 4.2 mg GAE/100 g) and Corymbia calophylla honey (29.15 ± 5.46 mg GAE/100 g). In the FRAP assay, Calothamnus spp. honey also had the highest activity (9.24 ± 1.68 mmol Fe2+/kg), followed by Eucalyptus marginata honey (mmol Fe2+/kg), whereas Agonis flexuosa (5.45 ± 1.64 mmol Fe2+/kg) and Corymbia calophylla honeys (4.48 ± 0.82 mmol Fe2+/kg) had comparable FRAP activity. In the DPPH assay, when the mean values were compared, it was found that Calothamnus spp. honey again had the highest activity (3.88 ± 0.96 mmol TE/kg) while the mean DPPH antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus marginata, Agonis flexuosa, and Corymbia calophylla honeys were comparable. Kojic acid and epigallocatechin gallate were found in all honeys, whilst other constituents (e.g., m-coumaric acid, lumichrome, gallic acid, taxifolin, luteolin, epicatechin, hesperitin, eudesmic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, t-cinnamic acid, o-anisic acid) were only identified in some of the honeys. DPPH-HPTLC bioautography demonstrated that most of the identified compounds possess antioxidant activity, except for t-cinnamic acid, eudesmic acid, o-anisic acid, and lumichrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lozada Lawag
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), The University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Md Khairul Islam
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), The University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Tomislav Sostaric
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lee Yong Lim
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Katherine Hammer
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), The University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, L Block QEII Medical Centre, Monash Ave., Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cornelia Locher
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products Limited (CRC HBP), The University of Western Australia, Agriculture North M085, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Curnow Building M315, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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187
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Çakmakçı S, Çakmakçı R. Quality and Nutritional Parameters of Food in Agri-Food Production Systems. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020351. [PMID: 36673443 PMCID: PMC9857782 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic farming is a production system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic agricultural inputs such as pesticides, growth regulators, highly soluble mineral fertilisers, supplements, preservatives, flavouring, aromatic substances and genetically modified organisms, and their products. This system aims to maintain and increase soil fertility and quality, and relies on systems such as crop rotation, polyculture, intercropping, ecosystem management, covering crops, legumes, organic and bio-fertilisers, mechanical cultivation and biological control methods. The present review summarises and evaluates research comparing the quality of traditionally, organically and conventionally produced foods. In some cases, although the results of the studies contradict each other, organically grown in vegetables, especially berries and fruits are slightly higher dry matter, minerals such as P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, vitamin C, sugars, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In addition, their sensory properties are more pleasant. The nutritional content, quality and safety of organic foods are acceptable if the recent trends are reviewed, tested and verified. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile, describe and update scientific evidence and data on the quality, safety, bioactive compounds and nutritional and phytochemical quality of foods in traditional and organic fruit, vegetable and cereal production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Çakmakçı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-442-2312491
| | - Ramazan Çakmakçı
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
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Jose J, Éva C, Bozsó Z, Hamow KÁ, Fekete Z, Fábián A, Bánfalvi Z, Sági L. Global transcriptome and targeted metabolite analyses of roots reveal different defence mechanisms against Ralstonia solanacearum infection in two resistant potato cultivars. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1065419. [PMID: 36733596 PMCID: PMC9889091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in an unusually wide range of host plants, including potato (Solanum tuberosum), is one of the most destructive phytopathogens that seriously reduces crop yields worldwide. Identification of defence mechanisms underlying bacterial wilt resistance is a prerequisite for biotechnological approaches to resistance breeding. Resistance to Rs has been reported only in a few potato landraces and cultivars. Our in vitro inoculation bioassays confirmed that the cultivars 'Calalo Gaspar' (CG) and 'Cruza 148' (CR) are resistant to Rs infection. Comparative transcriptome analyses of CG and CR roots, as well as of the roots of an Rs-susceptible cultivar, 'Désirée' (DES), were carried out two days after Rs infection, in parallel with their respective noninfected controls. In CR and DES, the upregulation of chitin interactions and cell wall-related genes was detected. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways were induced only in CR, as confirmed by high levels of lignification over the whole stele in CR roots six days after Rs infection. At the same time, Rs infection greatly increased the concentrations of chlorogenic acid and quercetin derivatives in CG roots as it was detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Characteristic increases in the expression of MAP kinase signalling pathway genes and in the concentrations of jasmonic, salicylic, abscisic and indoleacetic acid were measured in DES roots. These results indicate different Rs defence mechanisms in the two resistant potato cultivars and a different response to Rs infection in the susceptible cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Jose
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Csaba Éva
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bozsó
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Plant Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Fábián
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Bánfalvi
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Sági
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
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189
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Castro-Moretti FR, Cocuron JC, Castillo-Gonzalez H, Escudero-Leyva E, Chaverri P, Guerreiro-Filho O, Slot JC, Alonso AP. A metabolomic platform to identify and quantify polyphenols in coffee and related species using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1057645. [PMID: 36684722 PMCID: PMC9852862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Products of plant secondary metabolism, such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and hormones, play an important role in plant growth, development, stress resistance. The plant family Rubiaceae is extremely diverse and abundant in Central America and contains several economically important genera, e.g. Coffea and other medicinal plants. These are known for the production of bioactive polyphenols (e.g. caffeine and quinine), which have had major impacts on human society. The overall goal of this study was to develop a high-throughput workflow to identify and quantify plant polyphenols. METHODS First, a method was optimized to extract over 40 families of phytochemicals. Then, a high-throughput metabolomic platform has been developed to identify and quantify 184 polyphenols in 15 min. RESULTS The current metabolomics study of secondary metabolites was conducted on leaves from one commercial coffee variety and two wild species that also belong to the Rubiaceae family. Global profiling was performed using liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Features whose abundance was significantly different between coffee species were discriminated using statistical analysis and annotated using spectral databases. The identified features were validated by commercially available standards using our newly developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. DISCUSSION Caffeine, trigonelline and theobromine were highly abundant in coffee leaves, as expected. Interestingly, wild Rubiaceae leaves had a higher diversity of phytochemicals in comparison to commercial coffee: defense-related molecules, such as phenylpropanoids (e.g., cinnamic acid), the terpenoid gibberellic acid, and the monolignol sinapaldehyde were found more abundantly in wild Rubiaceae leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R. Castro-Moretti
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | - Humberto Castillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Efrain Escudero-Leyva
- School of Biology and Natural Products Research Center Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Alta Technologia-Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CeNAT-CONARE), National Center for Biotechnological Innovations (CENIBiot), San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- School of Biology and Natural Products Research Center Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Jason C. Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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190
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Dvojković K, Plavšin I, Novoselović D, Šimić G, Lalić A, Čupić T, Horvat D, Viljevac Vuletić M. Early Antioxidative Response to Desiccant-Stimulated Drought Stress in Field-Grown Traditional Wheat Varieties. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:249. [PMID: 36678962 PMCID: PMC9867156 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extended drought affects the production and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the world's most important food crops. Breeding for increased drought resistance is becoming increasingly important due to the rising demand for food production. Four old traditional Croatian wheat cultivars were used in the present study to examine the early antioxidant response of flag leaves to desiccant-stimulated drought stress and to identify drought-tolerant cultivars accordingly. The results indicate that the enzymatic antioxidant system plays the most significant role in the early response of adult wheat plants to drought stress and the removal of excessive H2O2, particularly GPOD and APX. Nada and Dubrava cultivars revealed the strongest activation of the enzymatic defense mechanism, which prevented H2O2 accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, the Nada cultivar also showed increased synthesis of proline and specific phenolic compounds, which both contribute to the increased stress tolerance. Among the cultivars investigated, cultivar Nada has the broadest genetic base, which may explain why it possesses the ability to activate both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms in an early response to drought stress. This suggests that old traditional wheat cultivars with broad genetic bases can be a valuable source of drought tolerance, which is especially important given the current climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Dvojković
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Plavšin
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Novoselović
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Šimić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Alojzije Lalić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tihomir Čupić
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Daniela Horvat
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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191
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Skłodowska M, Świercz-Pietrasiak U, Krasoń M, Chuderska A, Nawrocka J. New Insight into Short Time Exogenous Formaldehyde Application Mediated Changes in Chlorophytum comosum L. (Spider Plant) Cellular Metabolism. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36672168 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophytum comosum L. plants are known to effectively absorb air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO). Since the metabolic and defense responses of C. comosum to HCHO are poorly understood, in the present study, biochemical changes in C. comosum leaves induced by 48 h exposure to exogenous HCHO, applied as 20 mg m-3, were analyzed. The observed changes showed that HCHO treatment caused no visible harmful effects on C. comosum leaves and seemed to be effectively metabolized by this plant. HCHO application caused no changes in total chlorophyll (Chl) and Chl a content, increased Chl a/b ratio, and decreased Chl b and carotenoid content. HCHO treatment affected sugar metabolism, towards the utilization of sucrose and synthesis or accumulation of glucose, and decreased activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, suggesting that these enzymes do not play any pivotal role in amino acid transformations during HCHO assimilation. The total phenolic content in leaf tissues did not change in comparison to the untreated plants. The obtained results suggest that HCHO affects nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, effectively influencing photosynthesis, shortly after plant exposure to this volatile compound. It may be suggested that the observed changes are related to early HCHO stress symptoms or an early step of the adaptation of cells to HCHO treatment. The presented results confirm for the first time the direct influence of short time HCHO exposure on the studied parameters in the C. comosum plant leaf tissues.
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192
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Latocha P, Łata B, Jankowski P. Variation of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) in a Three-Year Study. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36615645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The quality of fruit as a source of bioactive ingredients is related to the genetic characteristics of plants, but it can also be modified by growing conditions. Therefore, long-term research can be extremely valuable in evaluating various crop plants, especially novel ones. The aim of the research was to test four popular European kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) cultivars ('Geneva', 'Bingo', 'Weiki', 'Anna') in terms of selected morphological features, yield, and chemical composition as well as their variability over 3 years. It can be concluded that the studied genotypes were very diverse in terms of the biochemical compounds' concentration in individual seasons. The cultivars 'Anna' and 'Weiki' were the most similar ones with respect to each other in terms of morphology and chemical composition. The cultivars 'Bingo' and 'Geneva' were definitely different. 'Bingo' was characterized by the largest and most uniform fruits in each season and had the highest concentration of vitamin C but the lowest carotenoid concentration. In turn, 'Geneva' produced the smallest fruit in each season with the highest concentration of polyphenols and a high concentration of carotenoids and displayed the highest antioxidant capacity regardless of the determination method. The research was performed with the application of computer-supported statistical analysis.
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193
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Llorent-Martínez EJ, Gordo-Moreno AI, Fernández-de Córdova ML, Ruiz-Medina A. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Commercial Moringa oleifera Food Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36670972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has been reported to possess a high number of bioactive compounds; hence, several food supplements are commercially available based on it. This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of commercial food supplements. The phenolic composition of methanolic extracts was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn), and the antioxidant activity was assessed by ABTS·+ and DPPH assays. Thirty-three compounds were identified, and all the main compounds were quantified, observing that the main contribution to the phenolic profile was due to kaempferol and quercetin glucosides. The antioxidant activity in both assays agreed with the phenolic content: the higher the phenolic levels, the higher the antioxidant activity. The obtained results were compared with those previously published regarding Moringa oleifera leaves to establish the potential benefits of food supplement consumption in the diet.
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194
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Wang Z, Sun B, Yang R, Jia AQ. Flavonoids and other phenolics from Camellia nitidissima chi flowers. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:180-187. [PMID: 34348053 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1960326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
From Camellia nitidissima Chi flowers four undescribed flavonoids, nitidissimol A, nitidissimol B, sexangularetin 3-O-(6''-trans-p-coumarolyglucopyranoside) and sexangularetin 3-O-(2''-trans-p-coumarolyglucopyranoside) (1-4), and two previously unreported phenolics, nitidissimol C, D (9, 10), were isolated first time along with ten known compounds, kaempferol 3-O-(6''-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D- glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (6), Quercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (7), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (8), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-O-4'-coniferyl ether (11), threo-guaiacylglycerol-O-4'-coniferyl ether (12), protocatechuic acid (13), 1,2-Diethoxybenzene (14), ethyl shikimate (15), 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-allopyranoside (16). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis of 1 D- and 2 D-NMR and MS data. Moreover, all isolated compounds (1-16) were tested for the antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and their quorum sensing inhibitory activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. However, no one showed signifcant inhibition of X. oryzae pv. oryzae (MIC90 > 0.1 mg/mL), nor did they significantly inhibit the pyocyanin synthesis, which is controlled by quorum sensing in PAO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.,School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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195
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Jyske T, Liimatainen J, Tienaho J, Brännström H, Aoki D, Kuroda K, Reshamwala D, Kunnas S, Halmemies E, Nakayama E, Kilpeläinen P, Ora A, Kaseva J, Hellström J, Marjomäki VS, Karonen M, Fukushima K. Inspired by nature: Fiber networks functionalized with tannic acid and condensed tannin-rich extracts of Norway spruce bark show antimicrobial efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1171908. [PMID: 37152647 PMCID: PMC10154533 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1171908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrated the antibacterial and antiviral potential of condensed tannins and tannic acid when incorporated into fiber networks tested for functional material purposes. Condensed tannins were extracted from industrial bark of Norway spruce by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), followed by purification of extracts by using XADHP7 treatment to obtain sugar-free extract. The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed by using HPLC, GC‒MS and UHPLC after thiolytic degradation. The test matrices, i.e., lignocellulosic handsheets, were produced and impregnated with tannin-rich extracts, and tannic acid was used as a commercial reference. The antibacterial and antiviral efficacy of the handsheets were analyzed by using bioluminescent bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19 and Escherichia coli K12+pCGLS11) and Enterovirus coxsackievirus B3. Potential bonding of the tannin-rich extract and tannic acid within the fiber matrices was studied by using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The deposition characteristics (distribution and accumulation patterns) of tannin compounds and extracts within fiber networks were measured and visualized by direct chemical mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and digital microscopy. Our results demonstrated for the first time, how tannin-rich extracts obtained from spruce bark side streams with green chemistry possess antiviral and antibacterial properties when immobilized into fiber matrices to create substitutes for plastic hygienic products, personal protection materials such as surgical face masks, or food packaging materials to prolong the shelf life of foodstuffs and prevent the spread of infections. However, more research is needed to further develop this proof-of-concept to ensure stable chemical bonding in product prototypes with specific chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tuula Jyske,
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Tienaho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Brännström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Teknologiakatu 7, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Dan Aoki
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Susan Kunnas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Ounasjoentie 6, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eelis Halmemies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eiko Nakayama
- Department of Environmental Science Design, Showa Women’s University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ora
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Varpu S. Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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196
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Zubia CS, Babaran GMO, Duque SMM, Mopera LE, Flandez LEL, Castillo-Israel KAT, Reginio FC. Impact of drying on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of bignay [ Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.] pomace. Food Prod Process and Nutr 2023; 5:11. [PMCID: PMC9902252 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bignay pomace is a processing byproduct that can be a source of bioactive compounds. However, a suitable dehydration method should be considered to efficiently valorize this waste material into high-value food ingredient and maximize its health-promoting properties. Bignay pomace was subjected to convection oven-drying and freeze-drying to investigate the effect of these pre-processing techniques on the physicochemical, bioactives, and antioxidant properties of the samples. Both drying methods significantly (p<0.05) changed the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of bignay pomace while flavonoids and tannins were not significantly affected. Freeze-drying of samples resulted in higher phenolic content (1742 vs. 1273 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW) and anthocyanin content (496 vs. 223 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g DW) than convection oven-drying. Freeze-drying also resulted in higher antioxidant properties based on DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assays. Bignay pomace extract was analyzed through HPLC (with photo-diode array detector) for its phenolic profile and nine compounds were identified, with catechin and epicatechin as the dominant components. HPLC analysis also showed that while the drying process does not influence the phenolic profile of the samples, it significantly affected the concentration of phenolic compounds present. The results of this study showed that freeze-drying is a more viable method to retain the majority of bignay pomace’s functional properties compared to convection oven-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Zubia
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Gilda Melanie O. Babaran
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines ,grid.484092.3Science Education Institute – Department of Science and Technology, DOST Compound, General Santos Avenue, 1630 Taguig City, Metro Manila Philippines
| | - Sheba Mae M. Duque
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Lotis E. Mopera
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Lloyd Earl L. Flandez
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Katherine Ann T. Castillo-Israel
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Florencio C. Reginio
- grid.11176.300000 0000 9067 0374Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
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197
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Khoddami A, Messina V, Vadabalija Venkata K, Farahnaky A, Blanchard CL, Roberts TH. Sorghum in foods: Functionality and potential in innovative products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1170-1186. [PMID: 34357823 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1960793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is a staple food for about 500 million people in 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Despite this contribution to global food production, most of the world's sorghum grain, and nearly all in Western countries, is used as animal feed. A combination of the increasingly important ability of sorghum crops to resist heat and drought, the limited history of the use of sorghum in Western foods, and the excellent functional properties of sorghum grain in healthy diets, suggests a greater focus on the development of new sorghum-based foods. An understanding of the structural and functional properties of sorghum grain to develop processes for production of new sorghum-based foods is required. In this review, we discuss the potential of sorghum in new food products, including sorghum grain composition, the functional properties of sorghum in foods, processing of sorghum-based products, the digestibility of sorghum protein and starch compared to other grains, and the health benefits of sorghum. In the potential for sorghum as a major ingredient in new foods, we suggest that the gluten-free status of sorghum is of relatively minor importance compared to the functionality of the slowly digested starch and the health benefits of the phenolic compounds present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valeria Messina
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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198
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Sinkovič L, Pipan B, Šibul F, Nemeš I, Tepić Horecki A, Meglič V. Nutrients, Phytic Acid and Bioactive Compounds in Marketable Pulses. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:plants12010170. [PMID: 36616298 PMCID: PMC9824021 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulses are edible seeds of plants belonging to the legume family, which are of great importance for human and animal nutrition. In this study, several nutrients, antinutrients and bioactive compounds were quantified in the seeds of ten pulses, i.e., common and runner beans, field peas, lupins (white, blue and yellow), faba beans, lentils (brown and red) and chickpeas. Homogenised, air-dried seed samples were analysed for various parameters: protein (18.0-43.1%), fat (0.6-18.5%) and phytic acid content (507-2566 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), phenolic profile (27 phenolic compounds in total) and multi-mineral composition. The analysed phenolic compounds mainly belong to phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids) and/or flavonoids (flavones, flavonols and flavanols). Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 719 μg/g DW in chickpeas to 5012 μg/g DW in common beans. A total of ten elements belonging to macro- (Mg, P, S, K and Ca) and micro-minerals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Mo) were determined. Using cluster analysis, pulses were divided into three groups according to the parameters studied: 1. common and runner bean; 2. field pea, white and blue lupin, faba bean, red and brown lentil and chickpea; and 3. yellow lupin. The most varying phytochemicals in terms of their content in the analysed pulses were phytic acid, quinic acid, catechin and TPC. A perfect positive significant Pearson correlation (1.00) was observed for six pairs of variables within the group of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Sinkovič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Pipan
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Filip Šibul
- Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nemeš
- Department for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, RS-21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Vladimir Meglič
- Crop Science Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetocva Ulica 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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199
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Hoang HL, Rehman H. Unravelling the Morphological, Physiological, and Phytochemical Responses in Centella asiatica L. Urban to Incremental Salinity Stress. Life (Basel) 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 36676010 DOI: 10.3390/life13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica L. as a traditional medicinal plant is popular in several Asian countries and characterized by the presence of phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Soil salinity can affect the growth and phytochemical composition in this plant species. In this study, the effects of incremental soil salinity (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) on growth, physiological characteristics, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, including the antioxidant activity of Centella asiatica L., were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Salinity stress reduced growth, biomass production, and total chlorophyll contents, while increasing electrolyte leakage, Na+ and Cl- contents in the shoots and roots. With the increase of salt concentration, total phenolic, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities were increased. The results showed that centella can tolerate saline conditions up to 100 mM NaCl. Na+ exclusion from the roots, and that increases of phytochemical content in the shoots were related to the salt tolerance of this species.
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200
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Hamad G, Amer A, Kirrella G, Mehany T, Elfayoumy RA, Elsabagh R, Elghazaly EM, Esatbeyoglu T, Taha A, Zeitoun A. Evaluation of the Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Chicken Fillets and Its Bio-Control Using Different Seaweed Extracts. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010020. [PMID: 36613239 PMCID: PMC9818820 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in chicken fillets and to control its growth using various lyophilized seaweed extracts (i.e., Halimeda opuntia (HO), Actinotrichia fragilis, and Turbinaria turbinata) by an agar disk diffusion assay in vitro. Results showed that prevalence of S. aureus in breast and thigh samples reached of 92% and 84%, respectively. Lyophilized HO extract was the only seaweed that showed the antibacterial activity against S aureus with a significant difference at p < 0.05. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HO extract was 1.5%, with an inhibition zone of 8.16 ± 0.73 mm. Regarding 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, IC50 was recorded at 55.36 μg/mL, whereas cytotoxic IC50 of the lyophilized HO extract on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was 33.7 µg/mL; a higher IC50 of HO extracts permits their use as a safe food additive in meat products. Moreover, total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids compounds recorded 20.36 ± 0.092 and 16.59 ± 0.029 mg/mL, respectively. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds profiles exhibited many bioactive substances and the higher ratio was daidzein with 10.84 ± 0.005 µg/mL and followed by gallic acid with a value of 4.06 ± 0.006 µg/mL. In a challenge study, chicken fillet (CHF) experimentally inoculated with S. aureus (ST) and treated with the lyophilized HO algal extract at 4% and 6% (CHF/ST/HO) showed a complete reduction of S. aureus count on the 6th and 4th days in chicken fillet stored at 4 °C, respectively. Moreover, CHF/ST/HO at 4% and 6% of HO extract enhanced the sensory attributes of grilled un-inoculated chicken fillet. Thus, lyophilized HO extracts are promising antibacterial and antioxidant candidates in the chicken meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Amr Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Ghada Kirrella
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Taha Mehany
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.E.); Tel.: +20-1028065903 (T.M.); +49-5117625589 (T.E.)
| | - Reham A. Elfayoumy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elsabagh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qaluobia 13736, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Elghazaly
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.E.); Tel.: +20-1028065903 (T.M.); +49-5117625589 (T.E.)
| | - Ahmed Taha
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio al. 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ahmed Zeitoun
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
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