151
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Guo Z, Sun C, Yang H, Gao H, Liang N, Wang J, Hu S, Ren N, Pang J, Wang J, Meng N, Han L, Liu H. Regulation of Neural Differentiation of ADMSCs using Graphene-Mediated Wireless-Localized Electrical Signals Driven by Electromagnetic Induction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104424. [PMID: 35152569 PMCID: PMC9109060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) isolated from patients' fat are considered as the most important autologous stem cells for tissue repair, significant difficulties in the neural differentiation of ADMSCs still impede stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, a wireless-electrical stimulation method is proposed to direct the neural differentiation of ADMSCs based on the electromagnetic effect using a graphene film as a conductive scaffold. By placing a rotating magnet on the top of a culture system without any inducer, the ADMSCs cultured on graphene differentiate into functional neurons within 15 days. As a conductive biodegradable nanomaterial, graphene film acts as a wireless electrical signal generator driven by the electromagnetic induction, and millivolt-level voltage generated in situ provokes ADMSCs to differentiate into neurons, proved by morphological variation, extremely high levels of neuron-specific genes, and proteins. Most importantly, Ca2+ intracellular influx is observed in these ADMSC-derived neurons once exposure to neurotransmitters, indicating that these cells are functional neurons. This research enhances stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases using autologous ADMSCs and overcomes the lack of neural stem cells. This nanostructure-mediated physical-signal simulation method is inexpensive, safe, and localized, and has a significant impact on neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Na Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Na Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Pang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Jingang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and TechnologyUniversity of JinanJinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoShandong266200P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of ShandongInstitute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
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152
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Ren S, Zhao Y, Wang S, Chen Z, Xu Y, Mo Z, Wang X, Shen B, Qu J, Hu R, Liu L. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from an electromagnetic induced transparency substrate for the determination of hepatocellular carcinoma. Opt Express 2022; 30:12387-12396. [PMID: 35472875 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical method that is especially suitable for the detection of protein molecules. Detection sensitivity of SERS is directly related to the enhancement factor of the substrate, which is dependent on the strength of a local surface electric field generated by surface plasmonic resonance from substrate. In this study, an electromagnetic induced transparency like (EIT-like) metamaterial was used as the SERS substrate. The corresponding plasmonic resonance structure not only produces stronger optical near field but also reduces the spectral line broadening due to radiation damping. This is very beneficial for SERS process, which is strongly dependent on electric field intensity, to improve the sensitivity of SERS detection. Compared with the single resonance mode substrate, the enhancement factor for SERS with the double-mode substrate was increased by an order of magnitude. The obtained EIT-like substrate was used as a SERS-active substrate to detect Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific maker. Experimental results are in good agreement with the clinical diagnosis, which demonstrates the potential application of metamaterials in the SERS-based diagnosis and biosensing.
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153
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Abstract
With the increasing uptake of sport activities, onsite detection of associated knee injuries at early stages is in high demand to avoid severe ligament tear and long treatment period. Portable electromagnetic imaging (EMI) systems have the potential to meet that demand, but there are challenges. For example, EMI is based on the contrast in the dielectric properties due to the accumulated fluid after knee injury. However, that fluid can be in any shape and orientation. Therefore, to capture enough data for processing, EMI should operate as a dual-polarized wearable system with compact antennas. Thus, the proposed system is a textile brace worn on the knee and consists of an 8-element dual-polarized aperture antenna array, which is matched with the knee. Each of the utilized antennas is fed by two orthogonal coaxial feed, occupies a small size of 36 ×36 ×3.1 mm3, and is backed by a full ground plane for unidirectional radiation. The antenna covers the band 0.7-3.3 GHz (130%), with front to back ratio of more than 10 dB. The textile wool-felt is used as the substrate to enable building flexible brace system. The system's capability to reconstruct knee images with different injuries is verified on realistic knee models and phantoms. The double stage delay, multiply and sum algorithm (DS-DMAS) is used to reconstruct those images, which demonstrate the efficiency of the dual-polarized system and its superiority over single-polarized systems.
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154
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Suzuki Y, Hosokawa D, Ikushima K. Evaluation of Tensile Residual Stress in Welded Steel Plates Using Acoustically Stimulated Electromagnetic Response. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2022; 69:1478-1484. [PMID: 35130157 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3149386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residual stress is one factor involved in the degradation and damage of industrial products. It is important to understand the magnitude and distribution of residual stress to maintain the integrity of a product. Magnetic measurements are a potential nondestructive method for evaluating residual stress in steel because the hysteresis properties are sensitive to stress. In recent years, spatial mapping of local magnetic hysteresis loop has been performed by using the acoustically stimulated electromagnetic (ASEM) method, which obtains the conversion coefficients from local hysteresis parameters to tensile stress. In this study, we demonstrate the evaluation and spatial imaging of tensile residual stress through local hysteresis parameters using welded steel specimens. We confirm that local coercivity can be used for evaluating residual tensile stress in the high-stress region. In addition, the spatial distribution of residual stress is well visualized by imaging the ASEM response signals due to remanent magnetization.
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155
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Park J, Kwac LK, Kim HG, Shin HK. Carbon Papers from Tall Goldenrod Cellulose Fibers and Carbon Nanotubes for Application as Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061842. [PMID: 35335204 PMCID: PMC8956078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To transform tall goldenrods, which are invasive alien plant that destroy the ecosystem of South Korea, into useful materials, cellulose fibers isolated from tall goldenrods are applied as EMI shielding materials in this study. The obtained cellulose fibers were blended with CNTs, which were used as additives, to improve the electrical conductivity. TGCF/CNT papers prepared using a facile paper manufacturing process with various weight percent ratios and thickness were carbonized at high temperatures and investigated as EMI shielding materials. The increase in the carbonization temperature, thickness, and CNT content enhanced the electrical conductivity and EMI SE of TGCF/CNT carbon papers. TGCF/CNT-15 papers, with approximately 4.5 mm of thickness, carbonized at 1300 °C exhibited the highest electrical conductivity of 6.35 S cm−1, indicating an EMI SE of approximately 62 dB at 1.6 GHz of the low frequency band. Additionally, the obtained TGCF/CNT carbon papers were flexible and could be bent and wound without breaking.
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156
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Zhu GP, Wang QY, Ma ZK, Wu SH, Guo YP. Droplet Manipulation under a Magnetic Field: A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:bios12030156. [PMID: 35323426 PMCID: PMC8946071 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic manipulation of droplets is one of the emerging magnetofluidic technologies that integrate multiple disciplines, such as electromagnetics, fluid mechanics and so on. The directly driven droplets are mainly composed of ferrofluid or liquid metal. This kind of magnetically induced droplet manipulation provides a remote, wireless and programmable approach beneficial for research and engineering applications, such as drug synthesis, biochemistry, sample preparation in life sciences, biomedicine, tissue engineering, etc. Based on the significant growth in the study of magneto droplet handling achieved over the past decades, further and more profound explorations in this field gained impetus, raising concentrations on the construction of a comprehensive working mechanism and the commercialization of this technology. Current challenges faced are not limited to the design and fabrication of the magnetic field, the material, the acquisition of precise and stable droplet performance, other constraints in processing speed and so on. The rotational devices or systems could give rise to additional issues on bulky appearance, high cost, low reliability, etc. Various magnetically introduced droplet behaviors, such as deformation, displacement, rotation, levitation, splitting and fusion, are mainly introduced in this work, involving the basic theory, functions and working principles.
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157
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Ramos‐Sebastian A, Gwak S, Kim SH. Multimodal Locomotion and Active Targeted Thermal Control of Magnetic Agents for Biomedical Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2103863. [PMID: 35060366 PMCID: PMC8895130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic microrobots can be miniaturized to a nanometric scale owing to their wireless actuation, thereby rendering them ideal for numerous biomedical applications. As a result, nowadays, there exist several mechano-electromagnetic systems for their actuation. However, magnetic actuation is not sufficient for implementation in biomedical applications, and further functionalities such as imaging and heating are required. This study proposes a multimodal electromagnetic system comprised of three pairs of Helmholtz coils, a pair of Maxwell coils, and a high-frequency solenoid to realize multimodal locomotion and heating control of magnetic microrobots. The system produces different configurations of magnetic fields that can generate magnetic forces and torques for the multimodal locomotion of magnetic microrobots, as well as generate magnetic traps that can control the locomotion of magnetic swarms. Furthermore, these magnetic fields are employed to control the magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles, affecting their magnetic relaxation mechanisms and diminishing their thermal properties. Thus, the system enables the control of the temperature increase of soft-magnetic materials and selective heating of magnetic microrobots at different positions, while suppressing the heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles located at undesired areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Ramos‐Sebastian
- Department of Electronics Convergence EngineeringWonkwang UniversityIksan54538Republic of Korea
- Present address:
Department of Convergence Technology EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Jung Gwak
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWonkwang UniversityIksan54538Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence EngineeringWonkwang UniversityIksan54538Republic of Korea
- Wonkwang Institute of Materials Science and TechnologyWonkwang UniversityIksan54538Republic of Korea
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158
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Yang Y, Xiong B, Peng S, Liu S, Chen H, Zhang T. Transient electromagnetic characteristics of coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263293. [PMID: 35171937 PMCID: PMC8849541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrusion of magmatic rocks into coal seams affects the coal quality and leads to unforeseen hazards in safety of the coal mines’ production. This paper summarizes the mechanism of magmatic rocks intruding into coal seams, depicts the electromagnetic characteristics of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks, briefly describes the characteristics of transient electromagnetic method (TEM), and introduces the method of detection by TEM and the data processing steps. Then, the effectiveness of TEM in detecting the ranges of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rocks is theoretically analysed. It is observed that after the intrusion of magmatic rocks in the coal seams, the electromagnetic characteristics (secondary field potential and resistivity) will be dramatically affected, namely high secondary field potential and low resistivity. For experimental verification purposes, this study selects the test project of the Tongxin Minefield in the Datong Coalfield in Shanxi, China as an example, and the accuracy for the detection of the ranges of the coal seams intruded by magmatic rock using TEM is successfully verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (HC)
| | - Sanxi Peng
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hanbo Chen
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (HC)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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159
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Lim J, Yoon J, Shin M, Lee KB, Choi JW. Biomolecular Electron Controller Composed of Nanobiohybrid with Electrically Released Complex for Spatiotemporal Control of Neuronal Differentiation. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100912. [PMID: 35174997 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro spatiotemporal control of cell differentiation is a critical issue in several biomedical fields such as stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine, as it enables the generation of heterogeneous tissue structures similar to those of their native counterparts. However, the simultaneous control of both spatial and temporal cell differentiation poses important challenges, and therefore no previous studies have achieved this goal. Here, the authors develop a cell differentiation biomolecular electron controller ("Biomoletron") composed of recombinant proteins, DNA, Au nanoparticles, peptides, and an electrically released complex with retinoic acid (RA) to spatiotemporally control SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. RA is only released from the Biomoletron when the complex is electrically stimulated, thus demonstrating the temporal control of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Furthermore, by introducing a patterned Au substrate that allows controlling the area where the Biomoletron is immobilized, spatiotemporal differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cell is successfully achieved. Therefore, the proposed Biomoletron-mediated differentiation method provides a promising strategy for spatiotemporal cell differentiation control with applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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160
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Bukia N, Butskhrikidze M, Machavariani L, Svanidze M, Nozadze T. GENDER RELATED DIFFERENCES IN SEX HORMONE-MEDIATED ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC STIMULATION DURING IMMOBILIZATION STRESS. Georgian Med News 2022:131-137. [PMID: 35271485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical and psychological stressors activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Elevated glucocorticoid levels over a long time harm neurocognitive and neurobiological development and cause deleterious effects. The effects of glucocorticoids depend not only on the concentration and duration of action, but also on the period of life when the effect occurs and gender. Electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) is a non-invasive treatment for some neurodegenerative diseases. The main objective of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of EMS on immobilization-induced depressive behavior (moderate stress) depending on sex hormones in an open field test. Experiments were conducted on rats both gender (n=36, 4-6 months old, 190- 220 g). The rats were group-housed in standard box cages (12-hour light-dark cycle, food and water were available ad libitum). Female and male rats were divided into 2 groups: intact and gonadectomized (n=9 in each group). Six rats from each group were immobilized 2 hours a day during 10 days. Effects of EMS were studied in all group of rats. For EMS, the following parameters were used: 15000 Hz frequency, 1,5 m/Tesla, during 20 min, 10 days. Parameters of psycho-emotional behaviour was studied in the Open - field test. Data reliability was assessed using parametric and non-parametric techniques, with the use of one- and two- way layout of factorial analysis (ANOVA). Chronic immobilization for 10 days reduced the motor-exploratory activity in male rats compared to females. EMS restored data to baseline in female but not male rats. Intact male rats had a high number of vertical stands than females. Immobilization stress significantly reduced these data in male rats compared to females. Repeated EMS within 10 days reduced the vertical stands to zero. In gonadectomized rats, immobilization reduced the number of crossed squares. Against the background of EMS, the number of crossed squares decreased again compared to gonadectomized unstressed and immobilized rats. Against the background of EMS, immobilized female rats showed a longer grooming duration compared to males. It was suggested that the adaptive mechanisms are more pronounced in intact female rats than in males. The effect of EMS on stress-induced motivational-emotional parameters of behavior depends on peripheral sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bukia
- 1LEPL Center for Experimental Biomedicine. I. Beritashvili, Tbilisi; Georgia
| | - M Butskhrikidze
- 1LEPL Center for Experimental Biomedicine. I. Beritashvili, Tbilisi; Georgia
| | - L Machavariani
- 1LEPL Center for Experimental Biomedicine. I. Beritashvili, Tbilisi; Georgia
| | - M Svanidze
- 2I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
| | - T Nozadze
- 2I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
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161
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Xue T, Xu H, Du Y, Ding J, Su Y, Lin Z. Browning of white adipocytes by gold nanocluster mediated electromagnetic induction heating hyperthermia. Nanoscale 2022; 14:1187-1194. [PMID: 35005765 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for obesity. Great efforts have been made to develop effective approaches to induce browning. Unfortunately, the current methods suffer from a series of disadvantages, such as low efficiency, unsatisfactory stability, and side effects. Herein, we report a new approach to induce browning of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes based on electromagnetic induction heating (EIH) hyperthermia. In particular, adipocyte-targeting aptamer modified gold nanoclusters (Apt-AuNCs) were employed as the mediators of EIH. Apt-AuNCs had good biocompatibility and excellent targeting performance with white adipocytes. After Apt-AuNCs/EIH treatment, adipocytes with characteristic multilocular and small lipid droplets increased, and the content of triglycerides reduced effectively. Apt-AuNCs/EIH treatment also significantly increased the mitochondrial activity in adipocytes. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of key genes that are involved in browning, for example UCP1, PRDM16, PPARγ, and PGC-1α, were upregulated. Finally, the induction mechanism of Apt-AuNCs/EIH on browning of white adipocytes was explained by the synergistic effects of EIH hyperthermia and pharmacological action of AuNCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt on induction of browning by metal nanocluster-mediated EIH hyperthermia, thus providing an interesting and efficient channel for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xue
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Hejie Xu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Yanhui Du
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Jialuo Ding
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Yu Su
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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162
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Skokowski P, Malon K, Łopatka J. Building the Electromagnetic Situation Awareness in MANET Cognitive Radio Networks for Urban Areas. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22030716. [PMID: 35161460 PMCID: PMC8838463 DOI: 10.3390/s22030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a solution for building awareness of the electromagnetic situation in cognitive mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) using the cooperative spectrum sensing method. Signal detection is performed using energy detectors with noise level estimation. Based on the evidence theory, the fusion center decides on the particular channel occupancy, which can process incomplete and unambiguous input data. Next, a reinforced machine learning algorithm estimates the usefulness of particular channels for the MANET transmission and creates backup channels list that could be used in case of interferences. Initial simulations were performed using the MATLAB environment, and next an OMNET-based MAENA high fidelity simulator was used. Performed simulations showed a significant increase in sensing efficiency compared to sensing performed using simple data fusion rules.
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163
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Liu Z, Liu H, Wang J, Yang J, Hao J, Yang S. Analysis of design parameters of round-window stimulating type electromagnetic transducer by a nonlinear lumped parameter model of implanted human ear. Math Biosci Eng 2022; 19:2453-2470. [PMID: 35240792 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Round-window stimulating transducer is a new solution to treat mixed hearing loss. To uncover the factors affecting the round-window stimulation's performance, we investigated the influence of four main design parameters of round-window stimulating type electromagnetic transducer. Firstly, we constructed a human ear nonlinear lumped parameter model and confirmed its validity by comparing the stapes responses predicted by the model with the experimental data. Following this, an electromagnetic transducer's mechanical model, which simulates the floating mass transducer, was built and coupled to the human ear model; thereby, we established a nonlinear lumped parameter model of implanted human ear under round-window stimulation and verified its reliability. Finally, based on this model, the influences of the four main design parameters, i.e., the excitation voltage, the electromechanical coupling coefficient, the support stiffness, and the preload force, were analyzed. The results show that the change of excitation voltage does not alter the system's natural frequency. Chaotic motion occurs when the electromechanical coupling coefficient is small. Meanwhile, the stapes displacement appears to increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of the electromechanical coupling coefficient. The increase of the support stiffness enlarges the resonance frequency of the stapes displacement and reduces the stapes displacement near the resonance frequency, deteriorating the transducer's hearing compensation at low frequency. The preload force can improve the transducer's hearing compensation performance in mid-high frequency region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Houguang Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Hearing Technology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jingbin Hao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shanguo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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164
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Bolash R, Creamer M, Rauck R, Vahedifar P, Calodney A, Fox I, Ozaktay C, Vanquathem N. Multi-waveform Spinal Cord Stimulation with High Frequency Electromagnetic Coupled (HF-EMC) Powered Implanted Electrode Array and Receiver for the Treatment of Chronic Back and Leg Pain (SURF Study). Pain Physician 2022; 25:67-76. [PMID: 35051146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel externally powered spinal cord stimulation technology can be fully implanted when trialing the effectiveness of the therapy, since no percutaneous leads are needed, and the trial period lasted 30 days. Multiple tests of different stimulation modalities and parameters are possible, thus improving the chances that the therapy will lead to effective pain reduction. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the Freedom Spinal Cord Stimulator System (Stimwave LLC, Pompano Beach, FL) for the treatment of failed back surgery syndrome due to postlaminectomy syndrome utilizing multiple waveforms. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, single cohort study. Patients were enrolled and implanted with up to 2 permanent, 8-contact electrode arrays with receiver, controlled regularly during 6 months of follow-up after a one month trial period. Pain and overall improvement were evaluated at 3 months and 6 months following an initial one-month implanted trial period. SETTINGS A variety of frequency stimulation waveforms (tonic as well as subthreshold) at frequencies of 10 Hz to 1500 Hz* and 50 to 800 µs pulse width, were provided. (*Note: While 1500 Hz was utilized in the study, Stimwave Technologies is currently only permitted to provide spinal cord stimulation therapy at frequencies below 1500 Hz, therefore pulse rates used in this study are not commercially available on Stimwave Technologies' products). METHODS Endpoints evaluated included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functionality, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for overall health improvement, and quality of life as measured by the European Quality of Life 5 Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). RESULTS Thirty-nine patients completed the study. At 6 months, the responder rate (? 50% reduction VAS for back pain) was 33/39 = 85%. Mean VAS for back pain decreased 62%. The mean ODI decreased 46% from 54 to 29.2, indicating a reduction from severe to moderate disability. The median satisfaction as measured with the PGIC was 6 out of 7. The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score increased from 0.54 to 0.75. At the 6-months endpoint, 44% (17/39) of patients preferred tonic stimulation with a back pain per protocol responder rate of 82%; 41% (16/39) preferred surge with a responder rate of 56%; and 15% (6/39) preferred high density, with a responder rate of 83%. Fifteen patients reported 28 adverse events. Migration of the electrode array (n = 10) was the adverse event most reported. Two serious adverse events related to infection were reported. LIMITATIONS This study had several limitations. Trial failures were excluded from the analysis, there was a small sample size, and there was a lack of blinding due to the suprathreshold nature of tonic stimulation. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that spinal cord stimulation with multiple stimulation patterns demonstrates clinical and functional efficacy when using an externally powered stimulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Creamer
- Central Florida Pain Centers, Compass Research LLC, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Payam Vahedifar
- Nuvo Spine and Sports Institute & Ortho Regenerative Center, Beverly Hills, CA
| | | | - Ira Fox
- Anesthesia Pain Care Consultants, Tamarac, FL
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165
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Lingamdinne LP, Choi JS, Angaru GKR, Karri RR, Yang JK, Chang YY, Koduru JR. Magnetic-watermelon rinds biochar for uranium-contaminated water treatment using an electromagnetic semi-batch column with removal mechanistic investigations. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131776. [PMID: 34371355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption using modified biochar has been increasingly adopted for the sustainable removal of uranium-contaminated from an aqueous solution. In this research study, the facile preparation and surface characteristics of magnetized biochar derived from waste watermelon rind to treat U(VI) contaminated water were investigated. The porosity, specific surface area, adsorption capacity, reusability, and stability were effectively improved after the magnetization of biochar. The kinetics and isotherm studies found that the U(VI) adsorption was rate-limiting monolayer sorption on the homogeneous surface of magnetized watermelon rind biochar (MWBC). The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 323.56 mg of U(VI) per g of MWBC at pH 4.0 and 293 K that was higher than that of watermelon rind biochar (WBC) (135.86 mg g-1) and other sourced biochars. The surface interaction mechanism, environmental feasibility, applicability for real-filed water treatment studied in the electromagnetic semi-batch column, and reusability of MWBC were also explored. Furthermore, salient raised the ion exchange and complexation action capacity of MWBC due to the presence of Fe oxide. The overall results indicated that MWBC was not only inexpensive and had a high removal capacity for U(VI), but it also easily enabled phase separation from an aqueous solution, with more than three times reusability at a minimum removal capacity of 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong-Soo Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, 1410, Darussalam, Brunei
| | - Jae-Kyu Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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166
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Zeng C, Fu X, Yuan Z, Hu S, Wang X, Ping W, Cai Y, Wang J. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 62:6523884. [PMID: 35136984 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiwei Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shaojie Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Ping
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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167
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Grombacher D, Maurya PK, Lind JC, Lane J, Auken E. Rapid Mapping of Hydrological Systems in Tanzania Using a Towed Transient Electromagnetic System. Ground Water 2022; 60:35-46. [PMID: 34463965 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited knowledge of local groundwater systems often results in the failure of boreholes to yield water of the required quantity and quality. This is particularly problematic in the developing world, where financial resources are often limited, and failed wells represent a significant financial burden. To enhance understanding of local hydrological systems, noninvasive geophysical methods can aid the understanding of hydrogeological structures and identification of groundwater sources needed to optimize siting of wells. Here, we highlight the utility of a relatively new towed-transient electromagnetic system, called tTEM. This system is a rapidly deployable mobile geophysical method well-suited to cost-efficient characterization of local-to-regional groundwater systems. Results from tTEM surveys conducted in two refugee camps and several host communities in western Tanzania demonstrate the capability of the method to characterize shallow aquifer systems with high lateral and vertical resolution, with data collection typically exceeding 15 to 20 line-kilometers (km) per day. This work focuses on tTEM's ability to provide semiquantitative insights into regional hydrogeological settings when supporting data required for more rigorous interpretation/modeling is lacking. The system provided useful data within communities with low density of electrification and near buildings with metal roofs and walls. tTEM-derived resistivity profiles were correlated with limited local borehole lithologic information to develop conceptual models of the local groundwater systems. These models were used to successfully guide the siting of a production well and to identify future drilling targets in the refugee camps and surrounding communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradip Kumar Maurya
- Hydrogeophysics Group, Geoscience Department, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - John Lane
- Hydrogeophysics Branch, United States Geological Survey, East Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Esben Auken
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
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168
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Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang J, Yang S, Liu W, Huang X. Effects of design and coupling parameters on the performance of electromagnetic transducers in round-window stimulation. J Acoust Soc Am 2022; 151:609. [PMID: 35105032 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated factors contributing to large variations in the outcomes of round-window (RW) stimulation but most have focused on the floating mass transducer (FMT). To determine whether results for the FMT hold for a fixed-type transducer (FTT), this study constructs two coupled finite element models of the transducer and the human ear that incorporate the cochlear third windows and inner structures of these two electromagnetic transducers. We use these FE models of the human ear and transducers to investigate the influence of four design parameters and coupling conditions for the transducers, i.e., the support's Young's modulus, the coupling layer's cross sectional area and Young's modulus, and the transducer's cross sectional area. The results show that an increase in the support's Young's modulus reduces the output of the FMT but increases that of the FTT. Reducing the cross sectional area and Young's modulus of the coupling layer significantly increases the low-frequency response of the FMT but slightly reduces that of the FTT. Reducing the cross sectional area of the transducer increases the output of the FMT but reduces that of the FTT. This shows that inner structures of electromagnetic transducers should be considered in the optimal design parameters and coupling conditions for RW stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Houguang Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanguo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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169
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Khrennikov A. Order stability via Fröhlich condensation in bio, eco, and social systems: The quantum-like approach. Biosystems 2021; 212:104593. [PMID: 34973355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stability of social and behavioural order in biological, ecological, and social systems is modelled within the formalism of the Fröhlich condensation. The latter is a high temperature analogue of the Bose-Einstein condensation and stability is approached via intensive pumping of energy into a system interacting with a bath. We start with the review of this formalism considering nonequilibrium thermodynamic and quantum frameworks. Although Fröhlich applied this formalism to bio-systems and the physical energy flows (electromagnetic, chemical, vibrational), he pointed out on the possibility to apply it to wider class of systems. We realize this program by using quantum-like modelling in combination with the information approach to biological and social systems, by treating them as information processors and introducing the notion of social energy (with its versions, as, e.g., social and behavioural energy). This formalism is applied to modelling of social stability in the modern open society characterized by powerful flows of information and huge information reservoir based on internet, including the variety of social networks. Then, it is applied to modelling of coherent behaviour in herds and flocks with the illustrative example of wolf packs. The essence of the paper is extracting conditions for the Fröhlich condensation and reformulating them in the purely information framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Khrennikov
- Linnaeus University, International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics and Cognitive Sciences, Växjö, SE-351 95, Sweden.
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170
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Sun A, Li Z, Zhao X, Zhou H, Gao Y, Liu Q, Zhou S, Zhang C, Dong G, Wang C. Pulsed High-Peak Power Microwaves at 9.4 GHz Do Not Affect Basic Endpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 43:5-13. [PMID: 34962293 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Because of the extensive application of electromagnetic technology, its health impact on humans has attracted widespread attention. Due to the lack of a model organism with a stable response to electromagnetic waves, the research conclusions on the biological effects of electromagnetic waves have been vague. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of irradiation by pulsed 9.4 GHz high-power microwaves with a peak power density of 2126 W/cm2 using Caenorhabditis elegans. The development, movement, egg production, ROS, and lifespan of C. elegans were detected at different times after irradiation with different repetitive frequencies of 10, 20, and 50 Hz for 30 min. The results indicated that no obvious changes in basic life indices were induced compared with the sham radiation group, but the survival rate of positive control was significantly decreased compared with other groups, which is of interest for microwave protection research based on C. elegans and provides data for updating safety standards with respect to pulsed high-peak power microwave. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Sun
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guofu Dong
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- Laboratory of Electromagnetic Biological Effects, Beijing Institute of Radiation and Medicine, Beijing, China
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171
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Chen E, Kan J, Yang BY, Zhu J, Chen V. Intelligent Electromagnetic Sensors for Non-Invasive Trojan Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248288. [PMID: 34960382 PMCID: PMC8708266 DOI: 10.3390/s21248288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth of sensors and the Internet of Things is transforming society, the economy and the quality of life. Many devices at the extreme edge collect and transmit sensitive information wirelessly for remote computing. The device behavior can be monitored through side-channel emissions, including power consumption and electromagnetic (EM) emissions. This study presents a holistic self-testing approach incorporating nanoscale EM sensing devices and an energy-efficient learning module to detect security threats and malicious attacks directly at the front-end sensors. The built-in threat detection approach using the intelligent EM sensors distributed on the power lines is developed to detect abnormal data activities without degrading the performance while achieving good energy efficiency. The minimal usage of energy and space can allow the energy-constrained wireless devices to have an on-chip detection system to predict malicious attacks rapidly in the front line.
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172
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Ma Q, Grushin AG, Burch KS. Topology and geometry under the nonlinear electromagnetic spotlight. Nat Mater 2021; 20:1601-1614. [PMID: 34127824 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For many materials, a precise knowledge of their dispersion spectra is insufficient to predict their ordered phases and physical responses. Instead, these materials are classified by the geometrical and topological properties of their wavefunctions. A key challenge is to identify and implement experiments that probe or control these quantum properties. In this Review, we describe recent progress in this direction, focusing on nonlinear electromagnetic responses that arise directly from quantum geometry and topology. We give an overview of the field by discussing theoretical ideas, experiments and the materials that drive them. We conclude by discussing how these techniques can be combined with device architectures to uncover, probe and ultimately control quantum phases with emergent topological and correlated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ma
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Adolfo G Grushin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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173
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Qiu S, He Z, Wang R, Li R, Zhang A, Yan F, Feng Y. An electromagnetic actuator for brain magnetic resonance elastography with high frequency accuracy. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4592. [PMID: 34291510 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our goal is to design, test and verify an electromagnetic actuator for brain magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). We proposed a grappler-shaped design that can transmit stable vibrations into the brain. To validate its performance, simulations were carried out to ensure the electromagnetic field generated by the actuator did not interfere with the B0 field. The actuation vibration spectrum was analyzed to verify the actuation accuracy. Phantom and volunteer experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the actuator. Simulation of the magnetic field showed that the proposed actuator has a fringe field of less than 3 G in the imaging region. The phantom experiments showed that the proposed actuator did not interfere with the routine imaging sequences. The measured vibration spectra demonstrated that the frequency offset was about one third that of a pneumatic device and the transmission efficiency was three times higher. The shear moduli estimated from brain MRE were consistent with those from the literature. The actuation frequency of the proposed actuator has less frequency offset and off-center frequency components compared with the pneumatic counterpart. The whole actuator weighted only 980 g. The actuator can carry out multifrequency MRE on the brain with high accuracy. It is easy to use, comfortable for the patient and portable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Qiu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runke Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruokun Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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174
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van Oosterhout K, Paulides M, Pflug H, Beumer S, Mestrom R. An Approximate Electromagnetic Model for Optimizing Wireless Charging of Biomedical Implants. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1954-1963. [PMID: 34847016 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3131411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Computational modeling is increasingly used to design charging systems for implanted medical devices. The design of these systems must often satisfy conflicting criteria, and fast electromagnetic solvers are pivotal for enabling multi-criteria optimization. In this paper, we look at wireless power transfer for implantable devices and the specific absorption rate and induced currents related to the implanted side of the design. We present an analytical model based on the quasi-static approximation as a fast, yet sufficiently accurate, alternative for full wave electromagnetic modeling. The analytic model was benchmarked against full-wave simulations to validate accuracy and improvement in computation time. Our analysis shows that the analytic model allows for feasible complete optimization of coil shapes, as the analytic model takes only 11 seconds to compute a single iteration, while the full-wave model takes 5 hours to compute the same case. The maximum difference with full-wave simulations was less than 25\% and the mean difference less than 2.3%. Adding a novel figure of merit into the multi-criterion optimization resulted in a 16% higher charging speed. The specific absorption rate and coupling factor were both experimentally verified to show that the measured results are within a 5~mm coil offset margin, which validates the simulation results.
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175
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Cai L, Burton A, Gonzales DA, Kasper KA, Azami A, Peralta R, Johnson M, Bakall JA, Barron Villalobos E, Ross EC, Szivek JA, Margolis DS, Gutruf P. Osseosurface electronics-thin, wireless, battery-free and multimodal musculoskeletal biointerfaces. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6707. [PMID: 34795247 PMCID: PMC8602388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic interfaces have been extensively investigated in recent years and advances in technology derived from these tools, such as soft and ultrathin sensors, now offer the opportunity to interface with parts of the body that were largely unexplored due to the lack of suitable tools. The musculoskeletal system is an understudied area where these new technologies can result in advanced capabilities. Bones as a sensor and stimulation location offer tremendous advantages for chronic biointerfaces because devices can be permanently bonded and provide stable optical, electromagnetic, and mechanical impedance over the course of years. Here we introduce a new class of wireless battery-free devices, named osseosurface electronics, which feature soft mechanics, ultra-thin form factor and miniaturized multimodal biointerfaces comprised of sensors and optoelectronics directly adhered to the surface of the bone. Potential of this fully implanted device class is demonstrated via real-time recording of bone strain, millikelvin resolution thermography and delivery of optical stimulation in freely-moving small animal models. Battery-free device architecture, direct growth to the bone via surface engineered calcium phosphate ceramic particles, demonstration of operation in deep tissue in large animal models and readout with a smartphone highlight suitable characteristics for exploratory research and utility as a diagnostic and therapeutic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alex Burton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David A Gonzales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kevin Albert Kasper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amirhossein Azami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Roberto Peralta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Megan Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jakob A Bakall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Efren Barron Villalobos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ethan C Ross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - John A Szivek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David S Margolis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, BIO5 Institute, Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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176
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Egea-Lopez E, Molina-Garcia-Pardo JM, Lienard M, Degauque P. Opal: An open source ray-tracing propagation simulator for electromagnetic characterization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260060. [PMID: 34788331 PMCID: PMC8598032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate characterization and simulation of electromagnetic propagation can be obtained by ray-tracing methods, which are based on a high frequency approximation to the Maxwell equations and describe the propagating field as a set of propagating rays, reflecting, diffracting and scattering over environment elements. However, this approach has been usually too computationally costly to be used in large and dynamic scenarios, but this situation is changing thanks the increasing availability of efficient ray-tracing libraries for graphical processing units. In this paper we present Opal, an electromagnetic propagation simulation tool implemented with ray-tracing on graphical processing units, which is part of the Veneris framework. Opal can be used as a stand-alone ray-tracing simulator, but its main strength lies in its integration with the game engine, which allows to generate customized 3D environments quickly and intuitively. We describe its most relevant features and provide implementation details, highlighting the different simulation types it supports and its extension possibilites. We provide application examples and validate the simulation on demanding scenarios, such as tunnels, where we compare the results with theoretical solutions and further discuss the tradeoffs between the simulation types and its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Egea-Lopez
- Dpt. Information Technologies and Communications, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Martine Lienard
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), University of Lille, Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Degauque
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), University of Lille, Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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177
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Williams-Orlando C. Is Consciousness an Organizing Force in the Universe? A Hypothesis on the Nature of Consciousness and The Relevance of Consciousness in Medicine. Adv Mind Body Med 2021; 35:4-8. [PMID: 34734843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Is consciousness an organizing force in the universe? 4 fundamental forces have been described as governing our universe: gravitational, electromagnetic, and the strong and weak nuclear forces, while a fifth force has been speculated to exist. Supporting evidence for the hypothesis that consciousness is an organizing force is found in the sciences of yoga, parapsychology (psi), and quantum physics. The relevance of consciousness in healing and medicine is discussed.
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178
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Wang W, Li B, Zhang W, Yu H, Li L. Research on Design Method of Voltage Injection Test Circuit of Active Implantable Neurostimulator. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:6074-6077. [PMID: 34892502 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A design method of electrode-tissue interface equivalent circuit for the voltage injection test of active implantable neurostimulator (INS) is presented and analyzed. In this proposed method, characteristic frequencies of the equivalent circuit are determined, based on the published data of human tissue permittivity and conductivity. The equivalent circuit structure is defined, according to "electrode-tissue" interface model. Appropriate values of electronic components are matched by simulation. In addition, a method of replacing the electrode-tissue interface equivalent circuit with purely resistance is also proposed. According to ISO14708-3, voltage injection tests are carried out with these different equivalent circuits and INS. Results showed that these design methods can meet test requirements with no significant difference. This study explored convenient and universal methods for the voltage injection test of INS, which is useful to improve the guarantee of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) safety of the INS.Clinical Relevance- This study is helpful to realize the convenient EMC test of INS, and provide guarantee for the safety of clinical use.
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179
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Zou J, Ling F, Shi X, Xu K, Wu H, Chen P, Zhang B, Ta D, Peng H. An Electromagnetic Fiber Acoustic Transducer with Dual Modes of Loudspeaker and Microphone. Small 2021; 17:e2102052. [PMID: 34605161 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A flexible fiber acoustic transducer is created by designing a parallel configuration of a Rubidium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet fiber and an aluminum fiber. The former provides a stable magnet field, while the latter vibrates to phonate upon applying alternating current or generates alternating voltage in the sound field. This single device exhibits dual functions as a loudspeaker or a microphone. As a fiber loudspeaker, it can generate 40-60 dB of audible (20 Hz-20 kHz) and directional sounds which can be used for blind navigation and controllable sound field distribution. The fiber acoustic transducer functions as a microphone when external sound waves force the aluminum fiber to vibrate. After the fiber microphones are woven into several different positions of a piece of clothing, the sound source can be accurately located based on the time differences reaching different microphones. This wearable fiber acoustic transducer is promising to be used to quickly search people in trouble during emergency rescue activities such as earthquakes or fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Feiyao Ling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huiyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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180
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Roy Choudhury S, Chakraborty R. Intensified wheat husk conversion employing energy-efficient hybrid electromagnetic radiations for production of fermentable sugar: process optimization and life cycle assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:58902-58914. [PMID: 33646548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reports an energy-efficient green pathway for the sustainable conversion of an abundant agro-residue viz. wheat husk (WH) into fermentable sugar (FS). The intensification effects of tungsten-halogen (TH) (150 W) and ultraviolet (UV) (100 W) irradiations on the pretreatment and subsequent hydrolysis of WH have been experimented with and optimized by Taguchi Orthogonal Design Array (TODA). In this study, two commercial catalysts, viz. Amberlyst-15 (A15) and nano-anataseTiO2 (NAT) have been used in varying concentrations for the WH conversion process in a novel TH-UV radiated rotating reactor (THUVRR). At optimized peracetic acid pretreatment conditions [90 °C reaction temperature; 1: 2.5 w/w of WH: H2O2; 1: 5 w/w of WH: CH3COOH (1 M); 2h of reaction time] maximum 20.2 wt. % FS yield and 15 wt. % isolated lignin (purity 97.6 %) were obtained. Subsequently, the pretreated WH (PWH) was hydrolyzed at optimized conditions [(700C reaction temperature; 7.5wt. % catalyst concentration (1:1 w/w A15: NAT); 1: 30 w/w of WH: water; 30 min reaction time)] in THUVRR to render maximum yield of FS (36.9g/ L) (67.4 wt. %), which was significantly greater than that obtained (20.2g/ L) (38.42 wt. %) employing a conventional thermal reactor (CTR). Besides, the energy consumption was 70% more in CTR (500 W) in comparison with THUVRR (150 W); thus, demonstrating markedly superior energy-efficiency vis-à-vis appreciable improvement in FS yield in THUVRR over CTR. Overall sustainability of the process analyzed by LCA proved the approach to be energy-saving and environmentally benign and is expected to be applicable to similar lignocellulosic agro-wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajat Chakraborty
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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181
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Zhang X, Shi K, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yu K, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiang J. Rapid and efficient method for assessing nanoplastics by an electromagnetic heating pyrolysis mass spectrometry. J Hazard Mater 2021; 419:126506. [PMID: 34218188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are an emerging topic and have attracted increasing attention due to their widespread existence and potential toxicity on living organisms. The challenges of analytical methods for nanoplastics hinder the deeper understanding of toxicological effects and risk assessment of nanoplastics. In this work, a custom-built electromagnetic heating pyrolyzer was coupled to mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of nanoplastics. Nanoplastics/microplastics were collected on the heat-resisting filter papers, then directly decomposed into gaseous products in the pyrolyzer and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The polystyrene nanoparticles were used to verify the performance of mass-traced quantification, and recoveries of 106-121% and precision of 9% were obtained. As a proof-of-principle experiment, the saline solution packed by polypropylene infusion bottles was aged for simulating indoor sunlight storage, where nanoplastics/microplastics were analyzed. The abundance models of nanoplastics/microplastics in the saline infusion bottle with aging time were assessed from both quality and quantity, for the first time. Results showed that nanoplastics/microplastics in medical infusion products could be generated under indoor sunlight exposure, which needs more attention due to the potential health risks. The proposed electromagnetic heating pyrolysis-mass spectrometry could be a promising method for assessing nanoplastics/microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Ke Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Yuning Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
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182
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Zhou Y, Liu G, Liu J, Xiao Y, Wang T, Xue Y. Magnetic biochar prepared by electromagnetic induction pyrolysis of cellulose: Biochar characterization, mechanism of magnetization and adsorption removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 2021; 337:125429. [PMID: 34217021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a novel methodology for synthesis of magnetic biochar from cellulose using an electromagnetic induction technology. More rough surfaces, sharp corners and edges, and compact regular pore structure with Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 of magnetic biochar was obtained. Such magnetic biochar possessed higher specific surface area (~236 m2/g) and micropore volume (0.144 m3/g). More hydroxyl groups of magnetic biochars decomposed and reacted with iron ions to form new chemical bonds. The coercivity and remanence of two magnetic biochars were calculated to be 125.76 Oe and 1.26 emu/g, 71.48 Oe and 1.31 emu/g. The total iron leaching rate were 0.94% and 1.28%, indicating magnetic biochar form wet pyrolysis process showed strong magnetization and iron loading stability (98.59%). Alternating electromagnetic field influenced the iron loading capacity and stability by Lorentz force during wet pyrolysis process. Such magnetic biochar can be used for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; International School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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183
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Masapollo M, Nittrouer S, Goel J, Oh Y. Electromagnetic articulography appears feasible for assessment of speech motor skills in cochlear-implant users. JASA Express Lett 2021; 1:105202. [PMID: 36154217 DOI: 10.1121/10.0006719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation tested whether there is cross-interference between current electromagnetic articulography (EMA) and cochlear implants (CIs). In an initial experiment, we calibrated EMA sensors with and without a CI present in the EMA field, and measured impedances of all CI electrodes when in and out of the EMA field. In a subsequent experiment, head reference sensor positions were recorded during a speaking task for a normal-hearing talker with and without a CI present in the EMA field. Results revealed minimal interference between the devices, suggesting that EMA is a promising method for assessing speech motor skills in CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Masapollo
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 2150, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Susan Nittrouer
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 2150, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Jessica Goel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA , , ,
| | - Yonghee Oh
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Room 2150, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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184
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Katsis J, Roller L, Aboudara M, Pannu J, Chen H, Johnson J, Lentz RJ, Rickman O, Maldonado F. Diagnostic Yield of Digital Tomosynthesis-assisted Navigational Bronchoscopy for Indeterminate Lung Nodules. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2021; 28:255-261. [PMID: 33734149 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Navigational bronchoscopy is commonly used to sample lung nodules, with a better safety profile but lower diagnostic yield than computerized tomography-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. The addition of digital tomosynthesis to electromagnetic navigation, using intraprocedural images obtained from a C-arm fluoroscope to identify target lesion location and update navigational guidance, may improve diagnostic yield. METHODS Consecutive bronchoscopies using tomosynthesis-assisted fluoroscopic electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (F-ENB) at a single institution over a 1-year period were included. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield. A bronchoscopy was defined as diagnostic if pathologic examination revealed malignancy or specific histological findings indicative of lesional sampling with confirmatory 6-month follow-up for benign lesions. RESULTS A total of 324 patients with 363 nodules underwent F-ENB between April 25, 2018 and April 29, 2019. The average nodule size was 1.9±1.1 cm, 65% of the nodules were located in the peripheral third of the lung. A bronchus sign was present in 24% of cases. Of the 363 nodules, 299 (82.4%) had lesional findings. At 6-month follow-up, among these 299 nodules, 6 were found to be false negatives and 12 nodules were lost to follow-up. Considering all nodules lost to follow-up as false negatives, the 6-month diagnostic yield was 77.4%. Pneumothorax complicated 8 (2.5%) of cases. There was 1 episode of respiratory failure. CONCLUSION This retrospective study suggests the diagnostic yield of F-ENB may exceed that of traditional ENB. Future prospective and comparative studies are needed to confirm these promising data.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Katsis
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Lance Roller
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Jasleen Pannu
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Joyce Johnson
- The Division of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert J Lentz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Otis Rickman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
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185
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Migliore F, Giacomin E, Del Monte A, Tarzia V, Bottio T, Iliceto S, Gerosa G. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and left ventricular assist devices for refractory heart failure: attention to possible interference. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:795-796. [PMID: 33399347 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Migliore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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186
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Gao Y, Wang H, Tu P, Hu J, Wang Q, Chen X. A novel dynamic electromagnetic tracking navigation system for distal locking of intramedullary nails. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 209:106326. [PMID: 34433127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate distal locking of intramedullary (IM) nails is a clinical challenge for surgeons. Although many navigation systems have been developed, a real-time guide method with free radiation exposure, better user convenience, and high cost performance has not been proposed. METHODS This paper aims to develop an electromagnetic navigation system named TianXuan-MDTS that provides surgeons with a proven surgical solution. And the registration method with external landmarks for IM nails and calibration algorithm for guiders were proposed. A puncture experiment, model experiments measured by 3D Slicer and cadaver experiments (2 cadaveric leg specimens and 6 drilling operations) are conducted to evaluate its performance and stability. RESULTS The registration deviations (TRE) is 1.05± 0.13 mm. In the puncture experiment, a success rate of 96% can be achieved in 45.94 s. TianXuan-MDTS were evaluated on 3 tibia model. The results demonstrated that all 9 screw holes were successfully prepared at a rate of 100% in 91.67 s. And the entry point, end point, and angular deviations were 1.60±0.20 mm, 1.47±0.18 mm, and 3.10±0.84°, respectively. Postoperative fluoroscopy in cadaver experiments showed that all drills were in the distal locking holes, with a success rate of 100% and the average time 143.17± 18.27 s. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results indicate that our system with novel registration and calibration methods could serve as a feasible and promising tool to assist surgeons during distal locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Puxun Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiugen Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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187
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de Ruiter QMB, Xu S, Li M, Pritchard WF, Starost MF, Filie A, Mikhail AS, Mauda-Havakuk M, Esparza-Trujillo JA, Bakhutashvili I, Heidari P, Mahmood U, Karanian JW, Wood BJ. Electromagnetic Tracking and Optical Molecular Imaging Guidance for Liver Biopsy and Point-of-Care Tissue Assessment in Phantom and Woodchuck Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:1439-1447. [PMID: 34021380 PMCID: PMC8384721 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate an integrated liver biopsy platform that combined CT image fusion, electromagnetic (EM) tracking, and optical molecular imaging (OMI) of indocyanine green (ICG) to target hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions and a point-of-care (POC) OMI to assess biopsy cores, all based on tumor retention of ICG compared to normal liver, in phantom and animal model. MATERIAL A custom CT image fusion and EM-tracked guidance platform was modified to integrate the measurement of ICG fluorescence intensity signals in targeted liver tissue with an OMI stylet or a POC OMI system. Accuracy was evaluated in phantom and a woodchuck with HCC, 1 day after administration of ICG. Fresh biopsy cores and paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed liver tissue blocks were evaluated with the OMI stylet or POC system to identify ICG fluorescence signal and ICG peak intensity. RESULTS The mean distance between the initial guided needle delivery location and the peak ICG signal was 5.0 ± 4.7 mm in the phantom. There was complete agreement between the reviewers of the POC-acquired ICG images, cytology, and histopathology in differentiating HCC-positive from HCC-negative biopsy cores. The peak ICG fluorescence intensity signal in the ex vivo liver blocks was 39 ± 12 and 281 ± 150 for HCC negative and HCC positive, respectively. CONCLUSION Biopsy guidance with fused CT imaging, EM tracking, and ICG tracking with an OMI stylet to detect HCC is feasible. Immediate assessment of ICG uptake in biopsy cores with the POC OMI system is feasible and correlates with the presence of HCC in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quirina M B de Ruiter
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William F Pritchard
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Matthew F Starost
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Armando Filie
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, Clinical Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew S Mikhail
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michal Mauda-Havakuk
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan A Esparza-Trujillo
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivane Bakhutashvili
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Center for Cancer research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John W Karanian
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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188
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Lussi J, Mattmann M, Sevim S, Grigis F, De Marco C, Chautems C, Pané S, Puigmartí‐Luis J, Boehler Q, Nelson BJ. A Submillimeter Continuous Variable Stiffness Catheter for Compliance Control. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101290. [PMID: 34272935 PMCID: PMC8456283 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive robotic surgery often requires functional tools that can change their compliance to adapt to the environment and surgical needs. This paper proposes a submillimeter continuous variable stiffness catheter equipped with a phase-change alloy that has a high stiffness variation in its different states, allowing for rapid compliance control. Variable stiffness is achieved through a variable phase boundary in the alloy due to a controlled radial temperature gradient. This catheter can be safely navigated in its soft state and rigidified to the required stiffness during operation to apply a desired force at the tip. The maximal contact force that the catheter applies to tissue can be continuously modified by a factor of 400 (≈20 mN-8 N). The catheter is equipped with a magnet and a micro-gripper to perform a fully robotic ophthalmic minimally invasive surgery on an eye phantom by means of an electromagnetic navigation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lussi
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Michael Mattmann
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Semih Sevim
- Institute of Chemical and BioengineeringETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
| | - Fabian Grigis
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Christophe Chautems
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Salvador Pané
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Josep Puigmartí‐Luis
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química FísicaInstitut de Química Teòrica i ComputacionalBarcelona08028Spain
- ICREACatalan Institution for Research and Advanced StudiesPg. Lluís Companys 23Barcelona08010Spain
| | - Quentin Boehler
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZurichZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
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Acevedo-Del-Castillo A, Águila-Toledo E, Maldonado-Magnere S, Aguilar-Bolados H. A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9079. [PMID: 34445783 PMCID: PMC8396447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper revises the use of polymer nanocomposites to attenuate high-energy electromagnetic radiation (HE-EMR), such as gamma radiation. As known, high-energy radiation produces drastic damage not only in facilities or electronic devices but also to life and the environment. Among the different approaches to attenuate the HE-EMR, we consider the use of compounds with a high atomic number (Z), such as lead, but as known, lead is toxic. Therefore, different works have considered low-toxicity post-transitional metal-based compounds, such as bismuth. Additionally, nanosized particles have shown higher performance to attenuate HE-EMR than those that are micro-sized. On the other hand, materials with π-conjugated systems can also play a role in spreading the energy of electrons ejected as a consequence of the interaction of HE-EMR with matter, preventing the ionization and bond scission of polymers. The different effects produced by the interactions of the matter with HE-EMR are revised. The increase of the shielding properties of lightweight, flexible, and versatile materials such as polymer-based materials can be a contribution for developing technologies to obtain more efficient materials for preventing the damage produced for the HE-EMR in different industries where it is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Acevedo-Del-Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (A.A.-D.-C.); (E.Á.-T.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Ernesto Águila-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (A.A.-D.-C.); (E.Á.-T.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Santiago Maldonado-Magnere
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (A.A.-D.-C.); (E.Á.-T.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Héctor Aguilar-Bolados
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 3349001, Chile
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190
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Berger M, Zygmanowski A, Zimmermann S. Differential Inductive Sensing System for Truly Contactless Measuring of Liquids' Electromagnetic Properties in Tubing. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:5535. [PMID: 34450977 PMCID: PMC8402242 DOI: 10.3390/s21165535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Certain applications require a contactless measurement to eliminate the risk of sensor-induced sample contamination. Examples can be found in chemical process control, biotechnology or medical technology. For instance, in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, continuous in-line monitoring of blood conductivity as a measure for sodium should be considered. A differential inductive sensing system based on a differential transformer using a specific flow chamber has already proven suitable for this application. However, since the blood in renal replacement therapy is carried in plastic tubing, a direct measurement through the tubing offers a contactless method. Therefore, in this work we present a differential transformer for measuring directly through electrically non-conductive tubing by winding the tube around the ferrite core of the transformer. Here, the dependence of the winding type and the number of turns of the tubing on the sensitivity has been analyzed by using a mathematical model, simulations and experimental validation. A maximum sensitivity of 364.9 mV/mol/L is measured for radial winding around the core. A longitudinal winding turns out to be less effective with 92.8 mV/mol/L. However, the findings prove the ability to use the differential transformer as a truly contactless sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Berger
- Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.Z.); (S.Z.)
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191
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Sharma S, Telikicherla A, Ding G, Aghlmand F, Talkhooncheh AH, Shapiro MG, Emami A. Wireless 3D Surgical Navigation and Tracking System With 100μm Accuracy Using Magnetic-Field Gradient-Based Localization. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2021; 40:2066-2079. [PMID: 33819153 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a high-resolution 3D navigation and tracking system using magnetic field gradients, that can replace X-Ray fluoroscopy in high-precision surgeries. Monotonically varying magnetic fields in X, Y and Z directions are created in the field-of-view (FOV) to produce magnetic field gradients, which encode each spatial point uniquely. Highly miniaturized, wireless and battery-less devices, capable of measuring their local magnetic field, are designed to sense the gradient field. One such device can be attached to an implant inside the body and another to a surgical tool, such that both can simultaneously measure and communicate the magnetic field at their respective locations to an external receiver. The relative location of the two devices on a real-time display can enable precise surgical navigation without using X-Rays. A prototype device is designed consisting of a micro-chip fabricated in 65nm CMOS technology, a 3D magnetic sensor and an inductor-coil. Planar electromagnetic coils are designed for creating the 3D magnetic field gradients in a 20×20×10 cm3 of scalable FOV. Unambiguous and orientation-independent spatial encoding is achieved by: (i) using the gradient in the total field magnitude instead of only the Z-component; and (ii) using a combination of the gradient fields to correct for the non-linearity and non-monotonicity in X and Y gradients. The resultant X and Y FOV yield ≥90% utilization of their respective coil-span. The system is tested in vitro to demonstrate a localization accuracy of m in 3D, the highest reported to the best of our knowledge.
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192
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Gomes H, Gryb S. Angular momentum without rotation: Turbocharging relationalism. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2021; 88:138-155. [PMID: 34171550 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotation is a challenging riddle for the relationalist. In early versions of the absolute-relational debate for example, Newton's rotating bucket poured cold water on the relationalist position. While the parameters of the debate have changed, a more recent analysis in 1999 by Belot proclaimed rotation to be "the downfall of relationalism." In this paper, we provide a relational response to the riddle of rotation. We present a theory that, contrary to orthodoxy, can account for all rotational effects without introducing, as the absolutist does, a fixed standard of rotation. Instead, our theory posits a universal SO(3) charge that plays the role of global angular momentum and couples to inter-particle relations via terms commonly seen in standard gauge theories such as electromagnetism and the Standard Model of particle physics. Our theory makes use of an enriched form of relationalism: it adds an SO(3) structure to the traditional relational description. Our construction is made possible by the modern tools of gauge theory, which reveal a simple relational law describing rotational effects. In this way, we can save all the phenomena of Newtonian mechanics using conserved charges and relationalism. In a second paper, we will further explore the ontological and explanatory implications of the theory developed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Gomes
- University of Cambridge, Trinity College, CB2 1TQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean Gryb
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Philosophy, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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193
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Hon G, Goldstein BR. Maxwell's role in turning the concept of model into the methodology of modeling. Stud Hist Philos Sci 2021; 88:321-333. [PMID: 34298278 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851-1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851-1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giora Hon
- Department of Philosophy, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| | - Bernard R Goldstein
- Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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194
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Mehta P, Rasekh M, Patel M, Onaiwu E, Nazari K, Kucuk I, Wilson PB, Arshad MS, Ahmad Z, Chang MW. Recent applications of electrical, centrifugal, and pressurised emerging technologies for fibrous structure engineering in drug delivery, regenerative medicine and theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113823. [PMID: 34089777 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in technology and material development in recent years has led to significant breakthroughs in the remit of fiber engineering. Conventional methods such as wet spinning, melt spinning, phase separation and template synthesis have been reported to develop fibrous structures for an array of applications. However, these methods have limitations with respect to processing conditions (e.g. high processing temperatures, shear stresses) and production (e.g. non-continuous fibers). The materials that can be processed using these methods are also limited, deterring their use in practical applications. Producing fibrous structures on a nanometer scale, in sync with the advancements in nanotechnology is another challenge met by these conventional methods. In this review we aim to present a brief overview of conventional methods of fiber fabrication and focus on the emerging fiber engineering techniques namely electrospinning, centrifugal spinning and pressurised gyration. This review will discuss the fundamental principles and factors governing each fabrication method and converge on the applications of the resulting spun fibers; specifically, in the drug delivery remit and in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prina Mehta
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Manoochehr Rasekh
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Mohammed Patel
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ekhoerose Onaiwu
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Kazem Nazari
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - I Kucuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Philippe B Wilson
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell NG25 0QF, UK
| | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB, UK.
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195
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Karpiński K, Zielińska-Raczyńska S, Ziemkiewicz D. Fractional Derivative Modification of Drude Model. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21154974. [PMID: 34372211 PMCID: PMC8346957 DOI: 10.3390/s21154974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel, two-parameter modification of a Drude model, based on fractional time derivatives, is presented. The dielectric susceptibility is calculated analytically and simulated numerically, showing good agreement between theoretical description and numerical results. The absorption coefficient and wave vector are shown to follow a power law in the frequency domain, which is a common phenomenon in electromagnetic and acoustic wave propagation in complex media such as biological tissues. The main novelty of the proposal is the introduction of two separate parameters that provide a more flexible model than most other approaches found in the literature. Moreover, an efficient numerical implementation of the model is presented and its accuracy and stability are examined. Finally, the model is applied to an exemplary soft tissue, confirming its flexibility and usefulness in the context of medical biosensors.
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196
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Nguyen KT, Kim SJ, Min HK, Hoang MC, Go G, Kang B, Kim J, Choi E, Hong A, Park JO, Kim CS. Guide-Wired Helical Microrobot for Percutaneous Revascularization in Chronic Total Occlusion in-Vivo Validation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:2490-2498. [PMID: 33351745 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3046513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the revascularization in small vessels such as coronary arteries, we present a guide-wired helical microrobot mimicking the corkscrew motion for mechanical atherectomy that enables autonomous therapeutics and minimizing the radiation exposure to clinicians. METHODS The microrobot is fabricated with a spherical joint and a guidewire. A previously developed external electromagnetic manipulation system capable of high power and frequency is incorporated and an autonomous guidance motion control including driving and steering is implemented in the prototype. We tested the validity of our approach in animal experiments under clinical settings. For the in vivo test, artificial thrombus was fabricated and placed in a small vessel and atherectomy procedures were conducted. RESULTS The devised approach enables us to navigate the helical robot to the target area and successfully unclog the thrombosis in rat models in vivo. CONCLUSION This technology overcomes several limitations associated with a small vessel environment and promises to advance medical microrobotics for real clinical applications while achieving intact operation and minimizing radiation exposures to clinicians. SIGNIFICANCE Advanced microrobot based on multi-discipline technology could be validated in vivo for the first time and that may foster the microrobot application at clinical sites.
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197
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Rebernik T, Jacobi J, Tiede M, Wieling M. Accuracy Assessment of Two Electromagnetic Articulographs: Northern Digital Inc. WAVE and Northern Digital Inc. VOX. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2021; 64:2637-2667. [PMID: 34153203 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study compares two electromagnetic articulographs manufactured by Northern Digital, Inc.: the NDI Wave System (from 2008) and the NDI Vox-EMA System (from 2020). Method Four experiments were completed: (a) comparison of statically positioned sensors, (b) tracking dynamic movements of sensors manipulated using a motor-driven LEGO apparatus, (c) tracking small and large movements of sensors mounted in a rigid bar manipulated by hand, and (d) tracking movements of sensors rotated on a circular disc. We assessed spatial variability for statically positioned sensors, variability in the transduced Euclidean distances between sensor pairs, and missing data rates. For sensors tracking circular movements, we compared the fit between fitted ideal circles and actual trajectories. Results The average sensor pair tracking error (i.e., the standard deviation of the Euclidean distances) was 1.37 mm for the WAVE and 0.12 mm for the VOX during automated trials at the fastest speed, and 0.35 mm for the WAVE and 0.14 mm for the VOX during the tracking of large manual movements. The average standard deviation of the fitted circle radii charted by manual circular disc movements was 0.72 mm for the WAVE sensors and 0.14 mm for the VOX sensors. There was no significant difference between the WAVE and the VOX in the number of missing frames. Conclusions In general, the VOX system significantly outperformed the WAVE on measures of both static precision and dynamic accuracy (automated and manual). For both systems, positional precision and spatial variability were influenced by the sensors' position relative to the field generator unit (worse when further away). Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14787846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Rebernik
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jidde Jacobi
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Martijn Wieling
- Center for Language and Cognition, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
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198
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Lavallée MC, Cantin A, Monéger F, Lefebvre M, Foster W, Vigneault E, Beaulieu L. Commissioning of an intra-operative US guided prostate HDR system integrating an EM tracking technology. Brachytherapy 2021; 20:1296-1304. [PMID: 34272132 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2021.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound-based planning for high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy is commonly used in the clinic, mainly because it offers fast real-time image-guided capability at a relatively low cost. The main difficulty with US planning is the catheter reconstruction due to artefacts (from multiple catheters) and echogenicity. Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) system offers a fast and accurate solution for automatic reconstruction of catheters using the EMT technology. In this study, the commissioning and performance evaluation of the new real-time prostate high-dose-rate brachytherapy investigational system from Philips Disease Management Solutions integrating EMT was performed before its clinical integration. METHOD AND MATERIALS The Philips' clinical investigational system includes a treatment planning software (TPS) that was commissioned based on AAPM TG53 and TG56 recommendations for the use of TPS in brachytherapy. First, the CIRS - model 045A - QA phantom was used to evaluate the ultrasound (US) image quality and 3D image handling. Distances, volumes, and dimensions of the structures inside the phantom were measured and compared to the actual values. The calibration reproducibility and accuracy of the electromagnetic (EM) sensor used to track the US probe (rotation and translation) were performed using a specifically designed QA tool mounted on the probe and immersed in a salted water tank. This was performed for 3 different B&K 8848 US probes to evaluate the sensitivity of EM calibration to the probe geometric properties (manufacturing process). The new TPS performance was compared to that in OncentraBrachy (OcB) V4.5.5 (Elekta) using 30 clinical cases as part of a retrospective study. Following the system commissioning, clinical workflows were explored; tests were performed with the brachytherapy team on phantoms and finally implemented in the clinic. RESULTS US image quality evaluation showed a mean difference with actual dimensions (lengths, widths and distances) of 0.4 mm (±0.3 mm) and mean difference in volume sizes of 0.2 cc (±0.2 cc). Then, the calibration of the US-to-EM coordinate system was performed for 3 different probes. For each probe, 3 measurements were acquired for every position of the calibration tool and measurements were repeated 3 times for a total of 27 measurements per probe per plane. The error was slightly higher in transverse mode compared to sagittal mode with mean values of 0.6 ± 0.2 mm and 0.3 ± 0.1 mm respectively. 30 clinical cases were used to compare the new TPS performance to OcB (IPSA). Optimized plans obtained with both systems were all clinically acceptable, but the plans from the Philips system have slightly higher V150% values, V200% values and dose to organs at risk. In the case of organs at risk, plans could have been manually modified to reduce the dose. Philips' system had a larger number of active dwell positions and longer treatment times. CONCLUSIONS The first clinical version of Philips' system was proven to be stable, accurate and precise. The fully integrated EM tracking technology opens the way for automated catheter reconstruction and on-the-fly dynamical replanning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fanny Monéger
- CRCHU de Quebec and Centre de recherche en Cancérologie Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Polytech Clermont-Ferrand, Département de génie physique, Aubière, France
| | | | | | - Eric Vigneault
- CHU de Québec, Radiation Oncology, Québec, Canada; CRCHU de Quebec and Centre de recherche en Cancérologie Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Beaulieu
- CHU de Québec, Radiation Oncology, Québec, Canada; CRCHU de Quebec and Centre de recherche en Cancérologie Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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199
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Huang P, Xu L, Xie Y. Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Detection: A Brief Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:225. [PMID: 34356696 PMCID: PMC8301974 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a review on the biomedical applications of electromagnetic detection in recent years. First of all, the thermal, non-thermal, and cumulative thermal effects of electromagnetic field on organism and their biological mechanisms are introduced. According to the electromagnetic biological theory, the main parameters affecting electromagnetic biological effects are frequency and intensity. This review subsequently makes a brief review about the related biomedical application of electromagnetic detection and biosensors using frequency as a clue, such as health monitoring, food preservation, and disease treatment. In addition, electromagnetic detection in combination with machine learning (ML) technology has been used in clinical diagnosis because of its powerful feature extraction capabilities. Therefore, the relevant research involving the application of ML technology to electromagnetic medical images are summarized. Finally, the future development to electromagnetic detection for biomedical applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Huang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Lijun Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yuedong Xie
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
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200
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Gildea TR, Folch EE, Khandhar SJ, Pritchett MA, LeMense GP, Linden PA, Arenberg DA, Rickman OB, Mahajan AK, Singh J, Cicenia J, Mehta AC, Lin H, Mattingley JS. The Impact of Biopsy Tool Choice and Rapid On-Site Evaluation on Diagnostic Accuracy for Malignant Lesions in the Prospective: Multicenter NAVIGATE Study. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2021; 28:174-183. [PMID: 33369988 PMCID: PMC8219084 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic yield of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is impacted by biopsy tool strategy and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) use. This analysis evaluates usage patterns, accuracy, and safety of tool strategy and ROSE in a multicenter study. METHODS NAVIGATE (NCT02410837) evaluates ENB using the superDimension navigation system (versions 6.3 to 7.1). The 1-year analysis included 1215 prospectively enrolled subjects at 29 United States sites. Included herein are 416 subjects who underwent ENB-aided biopsy of a single lung lesion positive for malignancy at 1 year. Use of a restricted number of tools (only biopsy forceps, standard cytology brush, and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) was compared with an extensive multimodal strategy (biopsy forceps, cytology brush, aspirating needle, triple needle cytology brush, needle-tipped cytology brush, core biopsy system, and bronchoalveolar lavage). RESULTS Of malignant cases, 86.8% (361/416) of true positive diagnoses were obtained using extensive multimodal strategies. ROSE was used in 300/416 cases. The finding of malignancy by ROSE reduced the total number of tools used. A malignant ROSE call was obtained in 71% (212/300), most (88.7%; 188/212) by the first tool used (49.5% with aspirating needle, 20.2% with cytology brush, 17.0% with forceps). True positive rates were highest for the biopsy forceps (86.9%) and aspirating needle (86.6%). Use of extensive tool strategies did not increase the rates of pneumothorax (5.5% restricted, 2.8% extensive) or bronchopulmonary hemorrhage (3.6% restricted, 1.1% extensive). CONCLUSION These results suggest that extensive biopsy tool strategies, including the aspirating needle, may provide higher true positive rates for detecting lung cancer without increasing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Gildea
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Erik E. Folch
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Michael A. Pritchett
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Pinehurst Medical Clinic and First Health Moore Regional Hospital, Pinehurst
| | | | - Philip A. Linden
- Department of Thoracic and Esophageal Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Otis B. Rickman
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Amit K. Mahajan
- Interventional Pulmonology, Section of Thoracic Surgery, Inova Health System, Virginia Cancer Specialists, Fairfax, VA
| | - Jaspal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Care, Atrium Health and Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC
| | - Joseph Cicenia
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Atul C. Mehta
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Cleveland Clinic
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