76
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He J, Valeo C, Chu A, Neumann NF. Characteristics of suspended solids, microorganisms, and chemical water quality in event-based stormwater runoff from an urban residential area. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2010; 82:2333-2345. [PMID: 21214027 DOI: 10.2175/106143010x12681059117058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Temporal evolution of microbiological, physical, and chemical quality of stormwater runoff from a stormwater drain in an urban residential area in Calgary, Canada, was investigated from May to September, 2006 and 2007. Investigating event mean concentrations and their correlations with rainfall characteristics revealed that intensive rainfall events produced highly polluted stormwater runoff when pollutant source limitation did not occur. Inconsistent event-based correlations between total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations and water quality parameters were observed. During storms, the loading of TSS exhibited a flow-dependent nature, whereas microorganism discharge appeared to be governed by a flow-independent mechanism. No strong first-flush effect was observed in either TSS or microorganisms, on average. No correlations of first-flush loads of TSS with rainfall characteristics were identified. Moderate negative correlations between first-flush loads of microorganisms and rainfall depth and intensity indicated that first flush of microorganisms tended to occur in small storms.
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77
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Gilroyed BH, Reuter T, Chu A, Hao X, Xu W, McAllister TA. Anaerobic digestion of specified risk materials with cattle manure for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:5780-5785. [PMID: 20335029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production from anaerobic digestion (AD) of specified risk materials (SRM) co-digested with cattle manure was assessed in a 3 x 2 factorial design. SRM replaced manure at 0 (control), 10% or 25% (w/w) as the substrate fed to six 2-L biodigesters maintained at 37 degrees C or 55 degrees C. Digesters were fed substrate (30 g L(-1) total volatile solids) at 6-d intervals for 90 d, with a retention time of 30 d. Keratin (<20mg) was added to each digester to model the degradation of beta-sheet rich proteins. Methane production was measured daily, and effluent was collected at feeding to monitor SRM degradation using real-time PCR analysis of bovine-specific DNA fragments. Compared with control, methane production increased by 83% or 161% (P<0.05) with 10% or 25% SRM at 37 degrees C, and by 45% and 87%, respectively, at 55 degrees C (P<0.05). Bovine DNA degradation over 6d was higher (P<0.05) at 37 degrees C as compared to 55 degrees C. Dry matter degradation of keratin at 37 degrees C decreased with increasing SRM concentration (P<0.05), whereas at 55 degrees C no difference between treatments was observed (P>0.05). Inclusion of SRM increases the production of methane during the anaerobic digestion of manure and may offer a means of deriving economic value from the disposal of SRM.
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78
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Chu A, Knisely J, Constable R, Fulbright R, Nath R. SU-GG-J-150: Analyses of Multiple Q-Sampled Diffusion Tensor Amplitudes for Pseudoprogressive GBM. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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79
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Strick D, Cohen M, Clark WG, Mills D, Chu A, Judy J. Intraductal micro magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. BMC Proc 2009. [PMCID: PMC2727105 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-3-s5-s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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80
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Chu A, Knisely J, Fulbright R, Constable R, Nath R. Technical Comparison of ARTOP/ADC as a Clinical Treatment Response Predictor. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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81
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Chu A, Knisely J, Fulbright R, Constable R, Nath R. SU-FF-J-140: Multiple Aspects of Approximated-Returning-To-The-Origin Probability (ARTOP) Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Better Observation High-Graded Gliomas Treatment Responses. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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82
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Zhang F, Haberer J, Wei H, Wang N, Chu A, Zhao Y, Zhao H. Drug resistance in the Chinese National Pediatric Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort: implications for paediatric treatment in the developing world. Int J STD AIDS 2009; 20:406-9. [DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2008.008357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
China's National Pediatric ART Program began in 2005, in which 32 ART-experienced and 51 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve children received paediatric formulations of (zidovudine or stavudine) plus lamivudine plus (nevirapine or efavirenz). Reverse transcriptase sequencing and analysis was performed on plasma samples with >1000 HIV copies/mL after one year of treatment. Thirty-four samples were sequenced. Nearly all patients had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations. High/intermediate resistance was found to lamivudine/emtricitabine in 31 patients; to didanosine, abacavir, stavudine and zidovudine in 18 patients; and to tenofovir in 11 patients. All had high-level resistance to nevirapine; all but one had high/intermediate-level resistance to efavirenz. Viral load was the only cohort characteristic significantly associated with developing resistance. Resistance to zidovudine, stavudine and tenofovir was more common in ART-experienced versus ART-naïve patients ( P = 0.02–0.05). Drug resistance is high in this cohort. Second-line therapy will require additional ART strategies and options, which are currently unavailable in most developing settings.
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83
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Sarker J, Chu A, Mui K, Wolfgang J, Hirsch A, Chen G, Sharp G. SU-FF-T-655: A Simulation of Position and Volume Errors in 4D-CT Caused by Irregular Breathing. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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84
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Chu A, Knisely J, Constable R, Fulbright R, Nath R. SU-FF-J-134: Slow Diffusion Enhancement for Approximated Returning to the Origin Probability (ARTOP). Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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85
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Elayouti A, Chu A, Dima E, Kiefner P, Löst C, Serry M, Hayes J. 13th Biennial Congress of the European Society of Endodontology, Istanbul, Turkey, 6-8 september 2007. Int Endod J 2009; 41:1155-8. [PMID: 19133105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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86
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McMillan WW, Warner JX, Comer MM, Maddy E, Chu A, Sparling L, Eloranta E, Hoff R, Sachse G, Barnet C, Razenkov I, Wolf W. AIRS views transport from 12 to 22 July 2004 Alaskan/Canadian fires: Correlation of AIRS CO and MODIS AOD with forward trajectories and comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with DC-8 in situ measurements during INTEX-A/ICARTT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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87
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Chu A, Knisely J, Fulbright R, Constable R, Nath R. SU-GG-I-125: Treatment Responses Monitored by Estimated Returning-To-Origin Probability for Clinical High Diffusion Image. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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88
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Ho P, Chu A, Kwok K, Liu H, Kung M, Ramsden D, Ho S. Effects of Plasticisers and Related Compounds on the Expression of the Soluble Form of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase in MCF-7 Cells. Curr Drug Metab 2008; 9:276-9. [DOI: 10.2174/138920008784220628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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89
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Iwanyshyn M, Ryan MC, Chu A. Separation of physical loading from photosynthesis/respiration processes in rivers by mass balance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 390:205-214. [PMID: 17976689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal variations in physical and chemical concentrations, including nutrients, are observed in river ecosystems. Understanding these cycles and separating the effects of physical loading (from point and non-point sources) and biogeochemical processes are necessary for water management and the TMDL process. A chloride mass balance approach is used to separate the relative influences of physical loading and biogeochemical processes in the Bow River through Calgary, Canada, which has a significant influence on the river water chemistry. Sampling campaigns were conducted in December 2005, when minimal photosynthesis and respiration occur, and in July 2006, when river discharge is high and some photosynthesis and respiration activity is present. Samples in each campaign were collected at point source input and output along the river reach through the city every hour for a 24-hour period, allowing for time of travel. The two wastewater treatment facilities within the city contributed the majority of physical mass loading to the river, with temporal variations in effluent discharge, chloride, and nutrient concentrations. Wastewater effluent chloride to nutrient (as well as other parameter relationships) concentrations also varied diurnally. An hourly chloride mass balance was achieved, within 0.5% (average, S.D.=4.4) for December and 7.7% (average, S.D.=4.2) for July, between estimated cumulative sum values from all inputs and measured values at the river output downgradient of the city, allowing for the investigation of other parameter conservativeness. Some slight diurnal variations associated with photosynthesis and respiration were observed even with limited productivity in the river. Nitrate mass fluxes appeared to be most strongly influenced by photosynthesis and respiration processes, with phosphate being less influenced. Ammonia mass fluxes appeared to be most strongly influenced by wastewater effluent loading. Physical loading can mask or enhance biogeochemical diurnal fluctuations, creating errors in river process interpretations. Chloride was a useful tracer in the mass balance to distinguish between and assist in separating physical loading and biogeochemical processes in the river.
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90
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McLeish K, Ryan MC, Chu A. Integrated sampling and analytical approach for common groundwater dissolved gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:8388-8393. [PMID: 18200868 DOI: 10.1021/es0716094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel passive gas diffusion sampler (PGDS) combines sampling, storage and direct injection into a single gas chromatograph (GC). The sampler has a 4.5 mL internal volume when deployed, is easy to operate, and eliminates sample-partitioning. The associated GC method analyzes for a large, dynamic sampling range from a single, small volume injection. Dissolved gases were separated on parallel Rt-Molsieve 5A and Rt-Q-PLOT columns and eluted solutes were quantified using a pulse discharge helium ionization detector (PD-HID). The combined sampling and analytical method appears to be less prone to systematic bias than conventional sampling and headspace partitioning and analysis. Total dissolved gas pressure used in tandem with the PGDS improved the accuracy of dissolved gas concentrations. The incorporation of routine measurements of dissolved biogeochemical and permanent gases into groundwater investigations will provide increased insight into chemical and biological processes in groundwater and improve chemical mass balance accuracy.
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91
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Langner A, Chu A, Goulden V, Ambroziak M. A randomized, single-blind comparison of topical clindamycin + benzoyl peroxide and adapalene in the treatment of mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:122-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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92
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Feng W, Schultz C, Chen H, Chu A, Hu A, Bakalyar D. TU-FF-A4-04: Experimental Confirmation of Near Parabolic Shape of Dose Profile in Cylindrical Phantom for Dual Source CT. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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93
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Boisaubin EV, Chu A, Catalano JM. Perceptions of Long-Term Care, Autonomy, and Dignity, by Residents, Family and Care-Givers: The Houston Experience. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2007; 32:447-64. [DOI: 10.1080/03605310701626414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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94
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Abstract
Animal-type melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma in humans.1 Its name is derived from its histological appearance, which is similar to that described in melanomas occurring in white or gray horses.2 All tumors are dermally located, and characterized by a proliferation of deeply pigmented elongated or rounded cells, showing moderate atypia and a low mitotic rate. In some tumors, secondary infiltration of the epidermis has been noted. More than half of the patients are younger than 30 years, and prognosis seems to be much better than that expected for a superficial spreading or nodular melanoma of the same size. We report the first case of animal-type melanoma in situ.
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95
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Wolfgang J, Mui K, Chu A, Sharp G, Chen G. SU-FF-I-22: Analysis of Residual Geometric Artifacts From 4DCT. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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96
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Ekeowa-Anderson AL, Scarisbrick J, Elliot V, Charakida A, Chu A. A solitary nodule on the chest. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006; 31:313-4. [PMID: 16487135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Edwards DP, Emmons LK, Gille JC, Chu A, Attié JL, Giglio L, Wood SW, Haywood J, Deeter MN, Massie ST, Ziskin DC, Drummond JR. Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Vandenberg JA, Ryan MC, Nuell DD, Chu A. Field evaluation of mixing length and attenuation of nutrients and fecal coliform in a wastewater effluent plume. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2005; 107:45-57. [PMID: 16418904 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-2020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an alternative method to dye tracer studies for mapping wastewater effluent plumes in rivers. A case study of a wastewater treatment effluent plume that was mapped in two different months (October and April) showed good resolution in determining where the plume reached the opposite river bank, the degree of mixing in a given river reach, and where the river was fully mixed with respect to the plume. Both electrical conductivity and chloride were useful in mapping domestic wastewater effluent plume mixing. Mixing lengths obtained by field mapping were consistent with previous studies. Electrical conductivity field readings facilitated real-time plume delineation and sampling locations, and identified a non-point source plume during the mapping exercise. The apparent difference in dispersion of the plume between to the two mapping dates (despite similar upstream river discharge) suggests that the calibration of a water quality model based on a single dye test may be inadequate. The river distributions of effluent nutrients and fecal coliform were also mapped. Nutrient attenuation rates were faster than that of the chloride tracer, indicating processes other than mixing occur. Substantial differences were observed in nutrient and fecal coliform distributions between the two mapping dates.
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99
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Wang PN, Liu HC, Liu TY, Chu A, Hong CJ, Lin KN, Chi CW. Estrogen-metabolizing gene COMT polymorphism synergistic APOE epsilon4 allele increases the risk of Alzheimer disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2005; 19:120-5. [PMID: 15591802 DOI: 10.1159/000082663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a polygenic multifactorial disorder. Several studies suggested that the neuroprotective effect of estrogen was based on an APOE-dependent mechanism. The goals of the current study were to determine if the genes involved in estrogen metabolism were linked to the risk of AD and find out if there was an interaction between estrogen-metabolizing gene polymorphisms and the APOE epsilon4 allele in the risk of prevalent AD. We investigated 66 patients with AD and 86 age- and gender-matched normal subjects. The polymorphisms of APOE and estrogen-metabolizing genes CYP17, CYP1A1 and COMT were examined. No association was found between each estrogen-metabolizing gene polymorphism and AD. However, the COMT HH genotype and APOE epsilon4 allele had a synergistic effect on the risk of AD. Taking subjects with epsilon4-epsilon4-/HH- as reference, the risk of developing AD in subjects with one epsilon4 allele (epsilon4+epsilon4-/HH-) was 2.6 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.7- 9.1); however, the risk in subjects with both HH and one epsilon4 (epsilon4+epsilon4-/HH+) increased to 3.6 (95% CI 1.2-10.6). The subjects with homozygous epsilon4 still had the highest risk in developing AD (odds ratio 6.6, 95% CI 0.6-69.6). The p value of the linear trend test for this regression model was 0.004. It is possible that a high metabolism of estrogen by COMT may have reduced the protective effect of estrogen in AD. Further studies to clarify this interaction may improve our understanding of the generic risks for AD.
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100
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Feng W, Van den Heuvel F, Chu A, Narayana V, Yudelev M. SU-FF-T-05: Interactive CT Based Seed Visualization, Localization and Verification in 3D. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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