76
|
Crook J, Tang C, Thames H, Blanchard P, Sanders J, Ciezki J, Keyes M, Merrick G, Catton C, Raziee H, Sullivan F, Stock R, Anscher M, Frank S. A Biochemical Definition of Cure Following Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Multi-Institution International Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
77
|
Philip N, Pugh T, Ye R, Hwang H, Wang X, Shah S, Choi S, Mahmood U, Nguyen Q, Chun S, Mayo L, Lee A, Tang C, Anscher M, Hoffman K, Kuban D, Davis J, Troncoso P, Choi H, Frank S. A Phase II trial of Hypofractionated Proton Therapy in Prostate Cancer: 3-year Physician and Patient Reported Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
78
|
Yousefi SH, Tang C, Tafreshi HV, Pourdeyhimi B. Empirical model to simulate morphology of electrospun polycaprolactone mats. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
79
|
Yap D, Thong K, Yung S, Tang C, Ma B, Chan T. SUN-043 CLINICAL ASSOCIATIONS OUTCOMES OF ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN LUPUS NEPHRITIS. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
80
|
Tang C, Espin-Garcia O, Prica A, Kukreti V, Kridel R, Keating A, Kuruvilla J, Crump M. EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF STEM CELL MOBILIZATION FOLLOWING GDP SALVAGE IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.112_2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
81
|
Chen Y, Chen X, Tang C, Liu X, Luo Y. 'Modularization, standardization and actual combat' of high-altitude military medical geography in a comprehensive military medical exercise. BMJ Mil Health 2019; 166:209. [PMID: 30886007 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2019-001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
82
|
Tang C, Patel NK, Miller R, Beale T, Hyare H. Spectrum of neurovascular complications from central nervous system infections (viral, bacterial and fungal). BJR Open 2019; 1:20180024. [PMID: 33178918 PMCID: PMC7592441 DOI: 10.1259/bjro.20180024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the following pictorial review, common and uncommon neurovascular complications associated with a spectrum of viral, bacterial and fungal infections involving the central nervous system will be illustrated. These complications include cerebral vascular insult, venous thrombosis, vasculitis and aneurysm formation. They can occur as separate entities but are often inter-related. The imaging features of neurovascular complication related to infections can provide clues and aid diagnosis when considering the potential mode of infectious spread and the type of potential infectious organism involved. The radiological appearances vary from common features that are shared by several types of pathogens to typical characteristics of a type of infectious organism.
Collapse
|
83
|
Moningi S, Kuban D, Allen P, Kanke J, Master P, Anscher M, Chapin B, Choi S, Chun S, Chronowski G, Delclos M, Garg A, Mayo L, McGuire S, Nguyen Q, Pettaway C, Schlembach P, Shah S, Tang C, Hoffman K. Prospective Cancer Control and Patient-reported Quality of Life after Post-prostatectomy Salvage Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
84
|
Barsoumian H, Cushman T, Caetano M, Cadena A, Younes A, Tang C, Simon G, Cortez M, Welsh J. Low Dose Radiation Improves Anti-Tumor Responses in a Phase 2 Prospective Trial of Concurrent or Sequential Stereotactic Radiation and Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
85
|
Welsh J, Heymach J, Cadena A, Cushman T, Hess K, Shroff G, Tang C, Skoulidis F, Jeter M, Nguyen Q, Chang J, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Gomez D, Sharma P, Allison J, Raju U, Shabaan S, Byers L, Glisson B. Phase I Trial of MK-3475 and Concurrent Radiation for the Elimination of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.06.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
86
|
Welsh J, Heymach J, Cushman T, Hess K, Shroff G, Tang C, Skoulidis F, Jeter M, Nguyen Q, Chang J, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Gomez D, Sharma P, Allison J, Raju U, Shaaban S, Byers L, Glisson B. Phase I Trial of MK-3475 and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
87
|
Tang C, Yeung LSN, Koulajian K, Zhang L, Tai K, Volchuk A, Giacca A. Glucose-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vivo: Evidence for a Causal Role of C-jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3643-3654. [PMID: 30215691 PMCID: PMC6195676 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged elevation of glucose can adversely affect β-cell function. Oxidative stress, which has been implicated in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction, can activate c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, whether JNK is causal in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo is unclear. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the causal role of JNK activation in in vivo models of glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction. Glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction was investigated in the presence or absence of JNK inhibition. JNK inhibition was achieved using either (i) the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 or (ii) JNK-1-null mice. (i) Rats or mice were infused intravenously with saline or glucose with or without SP600125. (ii) JNK-1 null mice and their littermate wild-type controls were infused intravenously with saline or glucose. Following the glucose infusion periods in rats and mice, β-cell function was assessed in isolated islets or in vivo using hyperglycemic clamps. Forty-eight-hour hyperglycemia at ~20 mM in rats or 96-hour hyperglycemia at ~13 mM in mice impaired β-cell function in isolated islets and in vivo. Inhibition of JNK using either SP600125 or JNK-1-null mice prevented glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in isolated islets and in vivo. Islets of JNK-1-null mice exposed to hyperglycemia in vivo showed an increase in Pdx-1 and insulin 2 mRNA, whereas islets of wild-type mice did not. Together, these data show that JNK pathway is involved in glucose-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and is thus a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
88
|
Wang H, Yue H, Sun B, Zhu X, Niu H, Qi T, Ding W, Han L, Zhang M, Tian Z, Guan H, Yang J, Li S, Zhu K, Tang C, Dong M, Yin Y, Wang H, Cao X, Zhang J, Liu H, Xu Z, Gao C, Heng Y. Birth population survey in Huai'an in 2015: perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm birth rate in emerging regions in China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:838-846. [PMID: 30373412 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1506439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This survey followed the birth population-based study conducted in 2010 in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, with the aim to estimate perinatal-neonatal mortality and preterm birth rate in emerging regions with similar maternal-fetal and neonatal care conditions in China.Materials and methods: Data of total births in 2015 were prospectively collected by regional perinatal network collaboration in Huai'an, a subprovincial region with a population of 5,644,500 and gross domestic production of 9082 USD per capita.Results: The 59,424 birth registries (including 59,023 live births and 167 stillbirths) corresponded to a birth rate of 10.5‰ and a Male-to-female ratio of 113.7:100. All births there were from 85, 16, and 6 level I, II, and III hospitals, with a delivery rate of 30.4, 40.2, and 29.4%, respectively. Of all births, 14.1% had pregnancy-associated comorbidities and complications, 54.4% (32,226/59,190) had cesarean delivery, and multiple pregnancies and birth defects occurred in 2.1% (1,250) and 5.5‰ (324), respectively. The mean birth weight was 3448 ± 507 g with 13.9% being macrosomia, and 2.86% (1695/59,190) low birth weight. Preterm birth rate was 4.06% (2404/59,190) with a mortality rate of 8.5%. There were 94.5% recorded as healthy newborns and 5.5% (3263) requiring hospitalization after birth. The perinatal and neonatal mortality rate was 5.2‰ (167 stillbirths, 139 early neonatal deaths) and 4.0‰, respectively. Compared with the 2010 survey, these data demonstrated generally improved status of perinatal-neonatal healthcare.Conclusions: The low rates of perinatal-neonatal mortality, preterm birth and preterm mortality suggest that the concept and study protocol of perinatal-neonatal healthcare in Huai'an may serve as the benchmark for estimating regional vital statistics and perinatal and neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
|
89
|
Storey C, Tang C. 5209Hematopoietic ABCA1 and ABCG1 regulate monocytosis, macrophage inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
90
|
Cai XY, Lu Y, Tang C, Lin XJ, Ye JH, Li WN, He ZX, Li FF. [Effect of interleukin-6 promoter DNA methylation on the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2018; 97:1491-1495. [PMID: 28535641 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.19.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze peripheral blood interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter DNA methylation status and its clinical significance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Blood samples of 41 adult patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls were collected.The methylation status of IL-6 promoter was determined by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The IL-6 expression was detected by real-time PCR.Correlations between IL-6 promoter methylation status and clinical features or laboratory findings in patients with SLE were analyzed. Results: The levels of IL-6 mRNA were significantly higher in peripheral blood of SLE.DNA methylation levels of IL-6 promoter were reduced in SLE patients as compared with healthy controls.The methylation status and expression of IL-6 in peripheral blood reflected the levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Significantly positive correlation was found between IL-6 hypomethylation and renal disorder, as well as hypocomplementemia in patients with SLE. Conclusion: Hypomethylation of interleukin-6 promoter in peripheral blood might be involved in the etiology of SLE.
Collapse
|
91
|
Yeo J, Fadhlullah S, Ho R, Halim NA, Sandanaraj E, Ang B, Tang C, Ng W, Virshup D, Ho I. PO-201 NF1 inhibits glioma cells invasion and reverts mesenchymal transition. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
92
|
He H, Tang C, Yi X, Zhou W. Herpes zoster-induced acute urinary retention: Two cases and literature review. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:534-537. [PMID: 29607871 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_244_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We report two uncommon cases of acute urinary retention in Chinese patients caused by reactivation of sacral herpes zoster and requiring bladder drainage. Indwelling urinary catheterization, antiviral medication (ganciclovir), and physiotherapy with infrared light (830 nm) led to successful recovery of the micturition reflex in both cases.
Collapse
|
93
|
Chen J, Tang JN, Hu KL, Zhao YY, Tang C. The production characteristics of volatile organic compounds and their relation to growth status of Staphylococcus aureus in milk environment. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4983-4991. [PMID: 29550124 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In our previous research, 3-methyl-butanal and 3-methyl-butanoic acid were identified as representative and specific volatile organic compounds released by Staphylococcus aureus in broth. In this study, we explored the production of the 2 volatiles and their correlation to Staph. aureus growth in milk under different conditions. We found significant correlations between the production of 3-methyl-butanoic acid and cell counts of 5 Staph. aureus strains in sterile milk, and there were no obvious differences for its production among 5 tested strains. The intensities of the 2 volatiles were similar and positively correlated with bacterial counts in cultures at 25°C and 37°C despite delayed production of volatiles at 25°C; however, neither compound could be detected at 4°C. The production of 3-methyl-butanoic acid was strongly correlated with growth of Staph. aureus mixed with Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Shigella flexneri, whereas correlations for 3-methyl-butanal were not statistically significant. Compared with the monoculture of Staph. aureus, in mixed cultures, production of 3-methyl-butanal was decreased and that of 3-methyl-butanoic acid was comparatively higher. In pasteurized and raw milks, production of 3-methyl-butanoic acid was correlated with growth of Staph. aureus, and 3-methyl-butanoic acid could be detected when Staph. aureus populations reached 106 to 107 cfu/mL in pasteurized milk and 105 to 106 cfu/mL in raw milk; the correlations for 3-methyl-butanal were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that 3-methyl-butanoic acid is a more suitable marker for high counts of Staph. aureus in milk, whereas 3-methyl-butanal is a transient metabolite and easily depressed by environmental factors.
Collapse
|
94
|
Maher CA, Silva-Fisher J, Eteleeb A, Tang C, Perou C, Reis-Filho JS, Mardis ER, Ellis MJ. Abstract GS2-01: Discovery and characterization of an estrogen bound LncRNA in late-Stage breast cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-gs2-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Despite the proven benefits of adjuvant endocrine therapy in women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer, relapses still occur over 5 years after initial treatment with endocrine therapy, referred to as late-stage relapse. Currently, the mechanisms of driving late-stage relapse are poorly characterized. To date, breast cancer research has primarily focused on protein-coding genes thereby missing the emerging class of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may serve as critical regulators of relapse. Furthermore, the current understanding of lncRNA function is still in its infancy representing a critical gap for translating lncRNA discoveries into real-world applications to benefit patient care. Several well-described examples indicate that lncRNAs may be master epigenetic regulators in cancer biology through their interactions with proteins regulating target gene expression. Therefore, we hypothesize that lncRNAs may interact with estrogen receptor alpha 1 (ESR1) to regulate genes promoting late-stage relapse. To address this, we performed a transcriptome analysis of tumors from a unique cohort of 24 patients that had late-stage relapse to discover a novel set of lncRNAs, most of which have not yet been characterized. Next, we used RNA Immunoprecipitation coupled with transcriptome sequencing (RIP-Seq) to identify transcripts bound to ESR1 in T47D cells. We discovered 217 lncRNAs bound to ESR1 of which 50 were up-regulated in late-stage breast cancer. We chose to focus the most up-regulated lncRNA in late-stage relapse. Since it is an unannotated lncRNA we will refer to it as 'LAte-Stage relapse ESR1-Bound lncRNA 1', or LASER-1. To further understand the interplay between LASER-1 and ESR1, cells endogenously expressing LASER-1 were subjected to partial digestion to preserve lncRNA and protein interactions. Protected RNA fragments were subsequently immunoprecipitated with ESR1 and quantified by qPCR to reveal specific ESR1 interaction sites within LASER-1. Next, we observed increased expression of LASER-1 in ER+ breast cancer cell lines. Notably, LASER-1 expression was elevated in MCF7 long-term estrogen deprived (MCF7 LTED) cells -- that have amplified ESR1 -- relative to parental MCF7 cells. To demonstrate that LASER-1 promotes oncogenic phenotypes we transiently silenced LASER-1 in two cell lines with high endogenous expression of LASER-1 (including MCF LTED) and observed a decrease in cellular proliferation and invasion. Subsequent gene expression analysis after silencing LASER-1 altered mRNA and protein levels of critical cell cycle genes (i.e., p27). Overall, this is the first study to discover ESR1 bound lncRNAs that may be contributing to late-stage relapse in breast cancer. In the short-term, our ongoing research may lead to significant breakthroughs establishing the importance of LASER-1 as a master regulator in late-stage relapse. In the longer-term, we envision this research may lead to the development of novel therapeutics targeting LASER-1 with the potential for rapid clinical translation.
Citation Format: Maher CA, Silva-Fisher J, Eteleeb A, Tang C, Perou C, Reis-Filho JS, Mardis ER, Ellis MJ. Discovery and characterization of an estrogen bound LncRNA in late-Stage breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS2-01.
Collapse
|
95
|
Smith SK, Lugo‐Morales LZ, Tang C, Gosrani SP, Lee CA, Roberts JG, Morton SW, McCarty GS, Khan SA, Sombers LA. Quantitative Comparison of Enzyme Immobilization Strategies for Glucose Biosensing in Real‐Time Using Fast‐Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Coupled with Carbon‐Fiber Microelectrodes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1197-1204. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
96
|
Yan X, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang J, Tang C. Efficacy of thought imprint psychotherapy for primary insomnia in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
97
|
Chee L, Tang C, Bydder S, Dass J, Kernutt E, Vosikova E, Gill S. Clinical outcomes of primary lung cancer treated with cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy: A prospective cohort study. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
98
|
Chee L, Tang C, Bydder S, Dass J, Kernutt E, Vosikova E, Gill S. Clinical outcomes of primary and metastatic lung cancer treated with cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy: A prospective cohort study. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
99
|
White-Monsant AC, Clark GJ, Ng Kam Chuen MAG, Tang C. Experimental warming and antecedent fire alter leaf element composition and increase soil C:N ratio in sub-alpine open heathland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:41-50. [PMID: 28376427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities in alpine ecosystems worldwide are being altered by climate warming. In the alpine open heathland of the Bogong High Plains, Australia, warming and fire have affected the growth and phenology of plants, and have recently been found to alter soil nutrient availability. We examined the effects of nine years of passive warming by open-top chambers and nine years post-fire on (i) the soluble and extractable nutrients and toxic elements available for plant uptake in the soil and (ii) on the element composition of leaves of seven dominant sub-alpine open heathland plants. Warming increased soil C, soil C:N, and decreased soil δ13C, indicating an accumulation of soil organic matter and C sequestration. Warming increased soil δ15N, indicating increased N mineralization, which concurred with the increased availability of NH4+ (measured by ion-exchange membranes). Leaf element composition varied among the plant species in response to changes in soil element availabilities, suggesting the importance of species-specific knowledge. Warming decreased leaf N concentration and increased leaf C:N, generally in the plant community, and specifically in Asterolasia trymalioides, Carex breviculmis, Poa hiemata, and Rytidosperma nudiflorum. Warming increased soil P availability, but did not significantly affect leaf P in any species. Antecedent fire increased soil C:N, and decreased concentrations of Ca and Mg in Celmisia pugioniformis more than in the other species. The results suggest that warming and fire changed the nutrient composition of plants and increased soil C:N, which might lead to progressive N limitation in the alpine ecosystem.
Collapse
|
100
|
Tang C, Hamilton LS, Chang EF. Intonational speech prosody encoding in the human auditory cortex. Science 2017; 357:797-801. [PMID: 28839071 PMCID: PMC9584035 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Speakers of all human languages regularly use intonational pitch to convey linguistic meaning, such as to emphasize a particular word. Listeners extract pitch movements from speech and evaluate the shape of intonation contours independent of each speaker's pitch range. We used high-density electrocorticography to record neural population activity directly from the brain surface while participants listened to sentences that varied in intonational pitch contour, phonetic content, and speaker. Cortical activity at single electrodes over the human superior temporal gyrus selectively represented intonation contours. These electrodes were intermixed with, yet functionally distinct from, sites that encoded different information about phonetic features or speaker identity. Furthermore, the representation of intonation contours directly reflected the encoding of speaker-normalized relative pitch but not absolute pitch.
Collapse
|