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Klee D, Simon E, Wittsack HJ, Pentang G, Herebian E, Mayatepek E, Antoch G, Schaper J, Spiekerkötter U. Gibt es MRT-Veränderungen im Gehirn von Kindern mit Hypertyrosinämie Typ I/Typ II? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sehouli J, Runnebaum IB, Fotopoulou C, Blohmer U, Belau A, Leber H, Hanker LC, Hartmann W, Richter R, Keyver-Paik MD, Oberhoff C, Heinrich G, du Bois A, Olbrich C, Simon E, Friese K, Kimmig R, Boehmer D, Lichtenegger W, Kuemmel S. A randomized phase III adjuvant study in high-risk cervical cancer: simultaneous radiochemotherapy with cisplatin (S-RC) versus systemic paclitaxel and carboplatin followed by percutaneous radiation (PC-R): a NOGGO-AGO Intergroup Study. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2259-2264. [PMID: 22357252 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous adjuvant platinum-based radiochemotherapy in high-risk cervical cancer (CC) is an established treatment strategy. Sequential paclitaxel (Taxol) and platinum followed by radiotherapy may offer further advantages regarding toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS An open-labeled randomized phase III trial was conducted to compare paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2)) plus carboplatin (AUC5) followed by radiation (50.4 Gy) (experimental arm-A) versus simultaneous radiochemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m(2)/week) (arm-B) in patients with stage IB-IIB CC after surgery. Primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Overall, 271 patients were randomized and 263 were eligible for evaluation; 132 in arm-A and 131 in arm-B appropriately balanced. The estimated 2-year PFS was 81.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 74.4-89.1] in arm-B versus 87.2% (95% CI 81.2-93.3) in arm-A (P = 0.235) and the corresponding 5-year survival rates were 85.8% in arm-A and 78.9% in arm-B (P = 0.25). Hematological grade 3/4 toxicity was higher in arm-B. Alopecia (87.9% versus 4.1%; P < 0.001) and neurotoxicity (65.9% versus 15.6%; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in arm-A. Early treatment termination was significantly more frequent in arm-B than in arm-A (32.1% versus 12.9%; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sequential chemotherapy and radiation in high-risk CC could not show any significant survival benefit; however, a different toxicity profile appeared. This sequential regime may constitute an alternative option when contraindications for immediate postoperative radiation are present.
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Molnár C, Kovács Z, Simon E, Gál J, Mikos B, Fülesdi B. Comparison of two depth of anaesthesia monitors during general anaesthesia: electrophysiological and clinical assessment. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 99:111-7. [PMID: 22849834 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cerebral state monitor (CSM) is a recently developed anaesthesia depth monitor based on EEG measurement. Medline search confirmed that the accuracy of this monitor has already been compared with BIS monitoring; however, we did not find any studies comparing CSM monitor with AEP monitoring. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between AAI using AEP monitor and CSI (cerebral state index) using CSM monitor. METHODS Prospective, observational study involving 39 ASA I-III patients undergoing lumbar discuss hernia operation. Simultaneous registration of CSI and AAI was performed during general anaesthesia. The identical values were off-line analysed. Additionally in 20 patients parallel registration of CSI and AAI was undertaken while anaesthesia was guided based on routine clinical signs. RESULTS While analysing the data in the superficial, ideal and deep anaesthesia zones, we found that a relationship between CSI and AAI is weak. Our patients spent roughly the half of the clinical anaesthesia in the ideal zone based on the AAI index and less than 50% based on CSI. Almost one fifth of clinical anaesthesia based on AAI and nearly 40% based on CSI was spent in the deep anaesthesia zones. A superficial anaesthesia has been detected in 27% of time based on AAI and 17% based on CSI. CONCLUSIONS CSI and AAI weakly correlated to each other. Depth of anaesthesia monitors may be useful in detecting patients who spend valuable time within the deep anaesthetic zone.
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Parikh M, Haltiner A, Sepkuty J, Caylor L, Simon E, Sotero de Menezes M, Schoenfeld J, Doherty M. Does Nicotine Patch Use Influence Seizure Number, Durations of Stay or Rate of Seizure Acquisition during Elective Video EEG Telemetry? (P06.103). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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80
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Sindou M, Keravel Y, Simon E, Mertens P. Nevralgia del trigemino e neurochirurgia. Neurologia 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(12)62056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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81
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Agueda M, Lasa A, Simon E, Ares R, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Association of circulating visfatin concentrations with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation after dietary energy restriction in Spanish obese non-diabetic women: role of body composition changes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:208-214. [PMID: 20951014 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To assess the influence of body composition changes on circulating serum visfatin after following 12 weeks of energy restricted diet intervention. We also examined the possible role of visfatin in glucose metabolism and in obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 78 obese (BMI 34.0 ± 2.8 kg/m²) women aged 36.7±7 y volunteered to participate in the study. We measured by DXA body fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM). Fasting serum visfatin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP concentrations were analyzed before and after the intervention and HOMA and QUIKI indexes were calculated. Mean weight loss 7.7 ± 3.0 kg and HOMA decreased in 24 ± 35%. Serum visfatin concentration change was negatively associated with LM difference (P < 0.05), whereas no significant relationship was observed with FM changes after energy restricted diet intervention. Changes in circulating serum visfatin levels were significantly and inversely associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.01) and positively with QUICKI index (P < 0.02) after energy restricted diet intervention, regardless of achieved body weight loss. We did not find any significant association between changes in visfatin levels and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP levels after dietary intervention (all P > 0.2). CONCLUSION Circulating visfatin concentration is associated with sensitivity improvement achieved after energy restricted diet intervention induced weight loss. Furthermore, LM changes could be an influencing factor on visfatin concentrations and consequently, on the improvement of insulin sensitivity after weight loss in obese non-diabetic women. Our findings did not provide any evidence for a role of visfatin increase on low-grade inflammation after weight loss.
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Bonerandi JJ, Beauvillain C, Caquant L, Chassagne JF, Chaussade V, Clavère P, Desouches C, Garnier F, Grolleau JL, Grossin M, Jourdain A, Lemonnier JY, Maillard H, Ortonne N, Rio E, Simon E, Sei JF, Grob JJ, Martin L. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 25 Suppl 5:1-51. [PMID: 22070399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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83
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Ruiz JR, Lasa A, Simon E, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Lower plasma NAMPT/visfatin levels are associated with impaired hepatic mitochondrial function in non-diabetic obese women: a potential link between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:e1-e2. [PMID: 22227071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Thaler A, Mirelman A, Simon E, Orr-Urtreger A, Gurevich T, Giladi N. 3.029 SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF HEALTHY G2019S LRRK2 MUTATION CARRIERS. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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85
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Battini J, Courtois R, Réveillère C, Jonas C, Potard C, Tayeb T, Zagala-Bouquillon B, Chabut A, Mercier JM, Bedhet N, Simon E, Goga D. [Psychological effects of orthognatic surgery and postoperative dissatisfaction: presentation of a research protocol]. REVUE DE STOMATOLOGIE ET DE CHIRURGIE MAXILLO-FACIALE 2011; 113:36-8. [PMID: 22177627 DOI: 10.1016/j.stomax.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The causes of postoperative dissatisfaction in orthognathic surgery are difficult to grasp. The aims of our study are to analyze the effects of orthognathic surgery on self-esteem, body image, psychological morbidity, and quality of life. We also want to assess the combined effects of these factors on postoperative dissatisfaction, and to study the interest of personality assessment (especially neuroticism) as a predictive factor of dissatisfaction. METHOD Three hundred patients candidates for maxillo-mandibular osteotomy will be included in the study. They will answer a questionnaire assessing self-esteem, body image, psychological morbidity, quality of life, and personality. The evaluation will be conducted preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months and at 1 year. The degree of satisfaction will be measured postoperatively. EXPECTED RESULTS The results should help evaluate the psychological effects of orthognathic surgery and identify predictors of postoperative dissatisfaction, and especially the role of neuroticism.
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Mottolese C, Beuriat PA, Szathmari A, Ricci-Franchi AC, Ene B, Simon E, Bourdillon P, Mertens P. Étude endoscopique de la vascularisation du plancher du troisième ventricule. Neurochirurgie 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2011.09.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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87
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Le Nen D, Richou J, Simon E, Le Bourg M, Nabil N, de Bodman C, Bacle G, Saint-Cast Y, Obert L, Saraux A, Bellemère P, Dréano T, Laulan J. The arthritic wrist. I--the degenerative wrist: surgical treatment approaches. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2011; 97:S31-6. [PMID: 21531188 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The primary goal in treating a degenerative wrist is to provide pain relief, while maintaining strength and mobility if possible. After failure of the recommended conservative treatment, the choice of approaches can be made from a large collection of techniques, some which are well validated. Partial wrist fusion, particularly the Watson procedure, results in a pain-free wrist in 80% of cases, with 50% of the mobility preserved, good grasping strength and stable results for at least 10 years. Proximal row carpectomy provides similar results if the cartilage on the head of the capitate is preserved and the patient is not involved in heavy manual labour. Complete denervation provides pain relief in almost 80% of cases while preserving motion and strength. This is a safe and effective option, with no age limit, that still allows other procedures to be performed in the future. Total wrist fusion also has its place in revision, and even as first-line treatment, because of the reliable outcome in terms of pain and strength, high satisfaction rates, little to no repercussions linked to the loss of mobility and fewer complications. Other techniques are now available. The partial or complete resection of a carpal bone and placement of an implant is back in vogue because of the availability of pyrocarbon. Such implants are an option in the future for localized osteoarthritis or even diffuse affections, and a useful alternative to more invasive procedures. The use of a rib cartilage graft to partially or completely replace a carpal bone or resurface the radius has promising results in terms of pain reduction and fusion. The role of total joint replacement must be defined relative to the classic, reliable techniques that have long-term outcome data. LEVEL OF PROOF IV.
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Laulan J, Bacle G, de Bodman C, Najihi N, Richou J, Simon E, Saint-Cast Y, Obert L, Saraux A, Bellemère P, Dréano T, Le Bourg M, Le Nen D. The arthritic wrist. II--the degenerative wrist: indications for different surgical treatments. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2011; 97:S37-41. [PMID: 21546333 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For the patient (and the surgeon) the ideal wrist is one that has good mobility, however very often the optimal surgical treatment is one that provides effective pain relief. The patient must be informed of the potential complications and limitations of each procedure. The patient's psychological profile and functional requirements will determine how well he/she adapts to the changes. Also, each surgeon has beliefs and personal experiences that influence the treatment decision and final result. Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) and the Watson procedure are two reference operations for osteoarthritis secondary to scapholunate instability and scaphoid non-union (SLAC and SNAC). Beyond the early complications and drawbacks specific to each, they provide good results that are maintained over time. PRC, which can be performed up to Stage II, is mainly indicated in patients with moderate functional demands, while the Watson procedure is more often done on a patient who performs manual labour, as long as the radiolunate joint space is maintained. Complete denervation is effective in three out of four cases and preserves the remaining mobility. Because of its low morbidity, the procedure can be suggested in patients with a mobile wrist and low functional demands or in older patients, independent of their wrist mobility. Total wrist fusion is not only a rescue procedure. For a young patient who performs heavy manual labour with extensive osteoarthritis and progressive forms of Kienböck's disease, this procedure provides the greatest chance of returning to work and not being socially outcast. The role of osteochondral autografts, implants and wrist prostheses in the treatment arsenal need to be better defined.
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Stricker M, Simon E, Angrigiani C, Perroni C. Facial transplantation: Avatars. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2011; 56:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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90
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Swift G, Freeman MB, Paik YH, Simon E, Wolk S, Yocom KM. Design and development of biodegradable polymeric poly(carboxylic acids) as co-builders for detergents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19971230120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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91
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Simon E, R-Ayerbe P, Stoica C, Dumur D, Wertz V. LMIs-based coordinate descent method for solving BMIs in control design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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92
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Gariepy A, Simon E. The impact of insurance coverage on IUD utilization. Contraception 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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93
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94
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Stricker M, Simon E. [Orbital reconstruction in children]. Neurochirurgie 2010; 56:287-93. [PMID: 20347103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The orbital cavity, covering the globe and basement of the lids, is partially or totally impaired by tumors arising from inside or outside. In childhood, the reduction of contents jeopardizes the size of the orbit. Reconstruction is always difficult, particularly after exenteration, and a well-made prosthesis is much better than a poor reconstruction.
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Kassis S, De Battista J, Raverot G, Jacob M, Simon E, Rabilloud M, Froehlich P, Trouillas J, Borson-Chazot F, Perrin G, Jouanneau E. Résultats comparés de la chirurgie endoscopique et de la microchirurgie dans une série consécutive de macroadénomes hypophysaires non fonctionnels. Neurochirurgie 2009; 55:607-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Simon E, Vogel M, Fingerhut R, Ristoff E, Mayatepek E, Spiekerkötter U. Diagnosis of glutathione synthetase deficiency in newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32 Suppl 1:S269-72. [PMID: 19728142 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-1213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is a rare disorder of glutathione metabolism with varying clinical severity. Patients may present with haemolytic anaemia alone or together with acidosis and central nervous system impairment. Diagnosis is made by clinical presentation and detection of elevated concentrations of 5-oxoproline in urine and low GSS activity in erythrocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts. Diagnosis can be confirmed by mutational analysis. Treatment consists of the correction of acidosis, blood transfusion, and supplementation with antioxidants. The most important determinants for outcome and survival in patients with GSS deficiency are early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. The case of a newborn with GSS deficiency diagnosed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based newborn screening is described. After onset of clinical symptoms on the 2nd day of life, expanded newborn screening revealed normal results for all disorders included in the German screening programme; however, selective MS/MS screening revealed a >10-fold elevation of 5-oxoproline in dried blood, leading to the presumptive diagnosis of GSS deficiency by the 5th day of life. Diagnosis was later confirmed by detection of markedly reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes and mutational analysis of the GSS gene. Presently, GSS deficiency is not included in newborn screening programmes in Europe. As outcome depends significantly on early start of treatment, routine inclusion of this disorder in newborn screening panels should be considered.
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Pujo J, Barbary S, Simon E, Dap F, Dautel G. [Free temporoparietal flap in hand coverage. Report of three cases]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2009; 55:61-5. [PMID: 19939536 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hands defect coverage needs thin and pliable flaps. Few free flaps such as free temporoparietal flap are adequate. It provides moderate donor scar and unique range of motion for tendinous coverage. We expose three cases of hand reconstruction: two dorsal coverage with tendinous exposition and reconstruction and one thumb coverage. The postoperative results were satisfactory concerning hands. One patient developed alopecia and dysesthesis on scalp. We think that this flap is a good alternative for serratus free fascial flap.
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Simon E, Mertens P, Sindou M. Neurotomie sélective de la branche profonde du nerf ulnaire au poignet. Technique microchirurgicale pour le traitement de la spasticité du pouce en adduction–flexion dans la paume. Vidéo présentation. Neurochirurgie 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2009.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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99
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Stricker M, Pujo J, Simon E. [Controversies regarding the orbital septum]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2009; 54:551-66. [PMID: 19481325 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The orbital septum, a well-known structure since a long time ago, is a controversy object anyway. Its physiological, anatomical and pathological importance is undeniable. However, it will be difficult not to consider it as a part of the whole structure which organizes the general system of the soft tissues of the face, in which the orbital frame is one of the pivots.
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Guclu B, Meyronet D, Simon E, Streichenberger N, Sindou M, Mertens P. [Structural anatomy of cranial nerves (V, VII, VIII, IX, X)]. Neurochirurgie 2009; 55:92-8. [PMID: 19328501 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a review of the literature on the structural anatomy of the Vth, VIIth, VIIIth, IXth, and Xth cranial nerves, known to harbor dysfunction syndromes in humans. Because these dysfunctions are hypothesized to be caused by neurovascular conflicts at the root entry/exit zone and the transitional zone between central and peripheral myelinization, this investigation focused on the study and description of this junction. All the cranial nerves, except the optic and olfactory nerves, which are considered to be more a direct expansion of the central nervous system, have a transitional zone between central myelin (coming from oligodendrocytes) and peripheral myelin (produced by Schwann cells). The human studies reported in the literature argue in favor of a dome-shaped transitional zone directed to the periphery. It seems that this junctional region is situated more peripherally in sensory nerves than in motor nerves. The transitional zone is situated very peripherally for the cochlear and vestibular nerves, and on the contrary very close to its exit from the brain stem for the facial nerve.
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