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Bader G, Lück L, Schenk R, Hirschelmann R, Hiller K. [Leiocarposid--lead structure for the quality assurance of Solidaginis virgaureae herba]. DIE PHARMAZIE 1998; 53:805-6. [PMID: 9853363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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77
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Bader G, Wray V, Just U, Hiller K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the cytotoxic triterpenoid glycoside virgaureasaponin 1. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1998; 49:153-156. [PMID: 9745766 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(97)01039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic compound, virgaureasaponin 1, was converted using several optimized enzymecatalysed hydrolyses to the 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranoside (2), and the 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranoside (3) and 28-O-beta-D-xylyopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2) - beta-D-fucopyranoside (4) both lacking the glucose moiety at C-3 of the aglycone. The terminal rhamnose of the acylglycosidic bonded tetrasaccharide was cleaved by naringinase to give compound 2. The new acylglycosides 3 and 4 were obtained with the help of a relatively crude beta-glucuronidase preparation, but the cleavage of the sapogenin bonded glucose was impossible using several beta-glucosidase preparations directly. These derivatives were used for the investigation of the relationship between the saponin carbohydrate structure and their cytotoxic activity.
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78
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Bader G, Lejeune S, Messner M. Reduction of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth following a change to tacrolimus. A case history involving a liver transplant patient. J Periodontol 1998; 69:729-32. [PMID: 9660343 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1998.69.6.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During immunosuppression with cyclosporine, gingival overgrowth, a minor secondary effect, may appear in the first weeks of treatment. In certain cases it may affect the function and/or esthetic appearance in a manner intolerable to the patient. A new immunnosuppressive molecule, tacrolimus, presently used as a treatment of second choice to control acute corticoresistant rejection, may bring oral comfort to these patients, since it reduces gingival overgrowth to negligible levels.
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79
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Bader G, Lejeune S. Prospective study of two retrograde endodontic apical preparations with and without the use of CO2 laser. ENDODONTICS & DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY 1998; 14:75-8. [PMID: 9558519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.1998.tb00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article covers a 4-year study that reports 320 cases in which endodontic surgery was performed for residual apical lesions or lesions that could not be treated in a conventional way. Four groups of 80 teeth each were formed and they were followed up after a 12-month interval. The first group comprised cases treated with a micro bur, retrograde filling and IRM; the second, cases treated at the apical and radicular portions with a CO2 laser; the third, cases in which the retrograde cavity was prepared with an ultrasonic device instead of a micro bur; and the fourth group comprised cases treated in a similar way to the second group, i.e., cases treated at the apical and radicular portions, but with a CO2 laser instead of a micro bur. After 12 months, the results showed a better prognosis with ultrasonic treatment. Regardless of technique, the CO2 laser did not improve the healing process.
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80
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Dams T, Böhm G, Auerbach G, Bader G, Schurig H, Jaenicke R. Homo-dimeric recombinant dihydrofolate reductase from Thermotoga maritima shows extreme intrinsic stability. Biol Chem 1998; 379:367-71. [PMID: 9563834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequence determination of the reported dyrA gene was repeated, and a corrected version deposited in the nucleotide sequence databank (accession number Y11021). Ultracentrifugational analysis and gel permeation chromatography prove that the enzyme forms a stable homodimer. The enzyme exhibits long-term stability at physiological temperature (80 degrees C) and in the presence of high denaturant concentrations (half-time in 6 M guanidinium chloride: 24h). Alignments of DHFRS from different species, as well as comparative modeling based on the homology to the crystal structures of the enzyme from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, were used to generate a model of the three-dimensional structure. The apoenzyme was crystallized and a data set was collected to a resolution of about 2 A.
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81
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Siepmann C, Bader G, Hiller K, Wray V, Domke T, Nimtz M. New saponins from the seeds of Agrostemma githago var. githago. PLANTA MEDICA 1998; 64:159-164. [PMID: 9525108 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new saponins were isolated from the seeds of Agrostemma githago L. var. githago. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidence their structures were determined to be 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta- D- glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-4-O-acetylfucopyranoside and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)- [beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gyp sogenin- 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D- 4-O-acetylfucopyranoside.
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82
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Bader G, Ashrit PV, Truong VV. Transmission and reflection ellipsometry of thin films and multilayer systems. APPLIED OPTICS 1998; 37:1146-1151. [PMID: 18268697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ellipsometric studies are generally carried out in the reflection mode rather than in the transmission mode, requiring invariably opaque substrates or substrates in which the backreflection is minimized or suppressed by different methods. In the present research we used a transmission and reflection photoellipsometry method to study electrochromic materials and their multilayer systems deposited on thick substrates. The role of the substrate is examined carefully, and the contributions from multiple reflections in the substrate are taken into account in the theoretical treatment. This procedure not only allows the study of thin films deposited on quasi-transparent substrates, but when carried out in conjunction with reflection measurements it greatly improves the accuracy in the determination of the optical constants. Optical measurements are carried out on an automatic reflection transmission spectroscopic ellipsometer. Solid-state ionic materials used in electrochromic systems such as indium tin oxide, tungsten oxide, and their multilayer structures deposited on glass substrates are used as examples. A software based on the above theory, optikan, was developed to model and analyze such systems. It is demonstrated that the photoellipsometry method proposed is especially suited to analyzing electrochromic materials and transmitting devices in a nondestructive way.
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83
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Zuliani G, Blé A, Munari M, Palmieri E, Donegá P, Volpato S, Bader G, Rossin P, Fellin R. Vascular risk factors and lipoprotein(a) levels in the differential diagnosis of dementias. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4943(98)80079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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84
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Plohmann B, Bader G, Hiller K, Franz G. Immunomodulatory and antitumoral effects of triterpenoid saponins. DIE PHARMAZIE 1997; 52:953-7. [PMID: 9442560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genuine saponins of Solidago virgaurea L., Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr., Heteropappus biennis (Ldb.) Tamamsch. and Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) as well as related carbohydrate modified glycosides of polygalacic acid and echinocystic acid and some commercial available triterpenoid saponins were investigated in view of their immunomodulating and antitumoral effects. Mitogeneic effects on murine spleen and thymus cells, as well on human mononuclear cells in vitro could be demonstrated. The activity of murine bone marrow macrophages was stimulated in a chemoluminescence assay, and further an induction of cytotoxic macrophages and a TNF alpha release from murine macrophages was observed. The mitogeneic and TNF alpha releasing virgaureasaponin E (1) showed in vivo antitumoral effects in the allogeneic sarcoma 180 tumor model and in the syngeneic DBA/2-MC.SC-1 fibrosarcoma tumor model. In mice, treated with 1, phagocytosis of bone marrow cells and proliferation of spleen and bone marrow cells were stimulated in an ex vivo assay whereby the TNF alpha concentration in blood considerably increased compared to the control group.
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85
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Bader G, Mesner M, Lejeune S. Oral surgery for liver transplant patients. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1997; 84:593. [PMID: 9431522 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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86
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Bader G, Streich S, Gründemann E, Flatau S, Hiller K. Enzymatic degradation of the triterpenoid saponin helianthoside 2. DIE PHARMAZIE 1997; 52:836-8. [PMID: 9399339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Helianthoside 2 (1), the main bisdesmosidic saponin of Helianthus annuus L. was converted to the products 2, 3 and 4 by several, optimized enzymatic hydrolysis methods. Monosaccharide units of the acylglycosidic at C-28 of the sapogenin bonded, linear chain oligosaccharide were cleaved, but the branched trisaccharide at C-3 of the aglycone are stable under the conditions used. Compounds 2 and 3 are new triterpenoid glycosides, which were characterized as 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2) and 28-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (3) of 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)][beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)] beta-D-glucopyranoside of 3 beta,16 alpha-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid.
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87
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Zuliani G, Arca M, Bader G, Pacifico A, Signore A, Campagna F, Montali A, Chianelli M, Ricci G, Maioli M, Fellin R. 4.P.288 The metabolic basis of a new form of recessive hypercholesterolemia: The “FH-like” hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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88
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Zuliani G, Palmieri E, Volpato S, Bader G, Mezzetti A, Costantini F, Sforza GR, Imbastaro T, Romagnoni F, Fellin R. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol strongly discriminates between healthy free-living and disabled octo-nonagenarians: a cross sectional study. Associazione Medica Sabin. AGING (MILAN, ITALY) 1997; 9:335-41. [PMID: 9458994 DOI: 10.1007/bf03339612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is frequently associated with a deterioration in health and functional status, which often induces important modifications in several biological parameters, including plasma lipids; as a consequence, the real "meaning" of lipoprotein parameters in old individuals is complex. A cross sectional study was carried out in order to investigate the lipoprotein profile in very old individuals with or without disability, and evaluate the possible influence of other biological variables on plasma lipids. One hundred selected healthy free-living (FL) and 62 disabled (DIS) subjects aged over 80 were enrolled; 91 healthy adults matched for origin were included as controls. Lipoprotein profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apoprotein A-I and B], anthropometric parameters, and ADL were measured. The FL octo-nonagenarians featured higher HDL-cholesterol levels than adult controls. DIS octo-nonagenarians showed lower total and HDL-C levels than FL. Discriminant analysis indicated that HDL-cholesterol and apoprotein A-I, but not total cholesterol, strongly discriminated between FL and DIS octo-nonagenarians. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the waist/hip ratio, an index of visceral adiposity, was negatively associated with HDL-C levels in FL, but not in DIS elderly. We conclude that: 1) in very old individuals, the absence or presence of disability is strongly associated with high or low HDL-cholesterol values, respectively; 2) HDL-C and apo A-I are the parameters which better discriminate between FL and DIS octo-nonagenarians; and 3) the differences in HDL-C levels between FL and DIS are not due to modifications in anthropometric parameters. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the relationship between high-density lipoprotein levels, disability and aging.
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89
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Bader G, Edelstein C, Shamburek R, Nishiwaki M, Scanu A, Fellin R, Brewer H. 2.P.100 The in vivo of metabolism of free-Apo(a) in normals and subjects with abetalipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)88737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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90
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Kampe T, Edman G, Bader G, Tagdae T, Karlsson S. Personality traits in a group of subjects with long-standing bruxing behaviour. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24:588-93. [PMID: 9291252 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1997.00541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The personality pattern of 29 subjects, 10 men and 19 women, with a mean age of 37.7 years (range 23-68) was studied by means of a personality inventory (KSP) and compared with the personality traits of a 'normal population'. The bruxers had significantly higher scores in the somatic anxiety and muscular tension scales and lower scores in the socialization scale; that is, the bruxers were more anxiety-prone, had higher vulnerability for psychosomatic disorders and were less socialized. The frequent clenchers (once to twice a week) comprised a special subgroup within the material with higher values in the somatic anxiety, psychic anxiety and muscular tension scales. A strong correlation was found between high values in the muscular tension scale and headache; aching neck, back, throat or shoulders; tooth clenching; number of muscles tender at palpation and the clinical dysfunction index (Di). The results of this study indicate a possible aetiological relationship between personality, tooth clenching and craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). However, the material was small and some precaution must be taken prior to generalization of the results. Studies on larger material are needed and especially more studies in sleep laboratories.
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91
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Kampe T, Tagdae T, Bader G, Edman G, Karlsson S. Reported symptoms and clinical findings in a group of subjects with longstanding bruxing behaviour. J Oral Rehabil 1997; 24:581-7. [PMID: 9291251 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.1997.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) and social medical history were reported in 29 subjects, aged 23-68 years, with longstanding (5 years or more) bruxing behaviour. The subjects were selected from answers to an advertisement in the local newspaper. The subjects presented many symptoms of a general character including somatic and psycho-social problems, sleep disorders (72%), and pain (86%). More than half of the subjects (55%) had symptoms every day. Frequent aches in the neck, back, throat or shoulders were reported by 69% and frequent headache by 48% of the subjects. The most common symptoms of CMD were pain in the face or jaws (48%), stiffness in the jaws in the morning (44%), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds (34%) and fatigue in the jaws during chewing (38%) and the most common clinical signs were more than three muscles tender on palpation (76%), TMJ-sounds (55%) and tenderness of TMJ on lateral palpation (66%). There was a statistically significant correlation between frequent tooth clenching and headache, pain in the neck, back, throat or shoulders, sleep disorders and high scores of the clinical dysfunction index (Di). The frequent clenchers had higher score values than the 'non-clenchers' for pain in the face and the jaws; headache; pain in the neck, back, throat or shoulders and the clinical dysfunction index (Di). These findings indicate a causal relationship between frequent tooth clenching and signs and symptoms of CMD, including headache and pain in the neck, back, throat or shoulders and high pathogenicity for frequent clenching. However, the material in this study is small and some precaution must be taken prior to generalized conclusions. More studies are required, especially sleep laboratory investigations, which could perhaps give answers to some of the numerous questions in this unexplored field of odontology.
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92
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Halsey NA, Blatter M, Bader G, Thoms ML, Willingham FF, O'Donovan JC, Pakula L, Berut F, Reisinger KS, Meschievitz C. Inactivated poliovirus vaccine alone or sequential inactivated and oral poliovirus vaccine in two-, four- and six-month-old infants with combination Haemophilus influenzae type b/hepatitis B vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:675-9. [PMID: 9239772 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199707000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advisory committees have recommended the increased use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for children. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of three schedules using IPV administered with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole cell pertussis vaccines in a dual-chambered syringe. Children also received a combination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B vaccines (COMVAX). METHODS All infants (n = 295) received IPV and COMVAX at 2 and 4 months of age and IPV, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) or both vaccines at 6 months and OPV at 15 months of age. RESULTS After two doses of IPV 96 to 100% of infants had antibodies to poliomyelitis viruses types 1, 2 and 3, and after a third dose of vaccine (IPV or OPV) all but one child had antibodies to all three poliovirus types. After two doses of COMVAX 89 and 96% of children had protective levels of antibody to Hib and hepatitis B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IPV is highly immunogenic in a two-dose schedule. Administration of a third dose of IPV or a dose of OPV at 6 months of age is highly effective. Simultaneous administration of a combination H. influenzae type b/hepatitis B vaccine did not interfere with the response to IPV.
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93
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Guthrie SK, Hariharan M, Kumar AA, Bader G, Tandon R. The effect of paroxetine on thiothixene pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharm Ther 1997; 22:221-6. [PMID: 9447478 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1997.95175951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study healthy volunteers received thiothixene with and without a 3-day pretreatment with paroxetine to determine if paroxetine decreased the clearance of thiothixene. METHOD Ten healthy medication-free volunteers (4 women and 6 men, mean age 38 +/- 12 years) were randomized to receive a single 20 mg oral dose of thiothixene on two separate occasions. On one occasion thiothixene was given concurrently, and following 3 days of pre-treatment with oral paroxetine (20 mg/day). On the other occasion thiothixene was given without paroxetine pre-treatment. The two study days were separated by a minimum period of 2 weeks. On both study days, after the administration of thiothixene, 10 ml blood samples were collected over the next 72 h. RESULTS None of the pharmacokinetic parameters of thiothixene were significantly altered by a 3-day treatment with paroxetine. DISCUSSION It is likely that the CYP2D6 isoenzyme is not responsible for a high proportion of thiothixene clearance, but one cannot exclude the possibility that a longer paroxetine pretreatment might have caused some inhibition of thiothixene clearance.
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94
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Zuliani G, Arca M, Bader G, Signore A, .Campagna F, Montali A, Chianelli M, Ricci G, Maioli M, Fellin R. 128 Metabolic characterization of a new form of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia: the FH-like hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)87550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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95
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Kraft HG, Lingenhel A, Bader G, Kostner GM, Utermann G. The relative electrophoretic mobility of apo(a) isoforms depends on the gel system: proposal of a nomenclature for apo(a) phenotypes. Atherosclerosis 1996; 125:53-61. [PMID: 8831927 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(96)05844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic apo(a) isoforms were originally defined according to their relative mobility in SDS-PAGE compared to apoB-100 and were designated as F, B or S1-S4 isotypes. This widely accepted nomenclature does not accommodate the broad spectrum of apo(a) isoforms (> 30) detected by high resolution SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover we here show that the relative mobilities of apo(a) isoforms depend on the SDS-gel system used. Comparison of the SDS-PAGE system originally used for phenotyping with SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis and two commercial SDS-PAGE systems (PhastGel, Pharmacia, Sweden and NOVEX, USA) demonstrated marked differences in resolving power and resulted in very different Rf values for identical isoforms. Hence phenotyping results from laboratories using different systems are not comparable. We therefore propose a nomenclature of apo(a) isoforms which reports the number of kringle IV repeats in the apo(a) allele (e.g. apo(a) K-IV20 would designate an isoform with 20 K-IV repeats). This is achieved by using standards in which the number of kringle IV repeats has been determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA. The proposed nomenclature (i) accounts for the increased resolution of apo(a) phenotyping methods: (ii) is flexible to the introduction of smaller or larger isoforms; (iii) allows to report data from systems with lower resolution as 'binned' isoform categories; (iv) allows the comparison of phenotyping results between different investigators; and (v) can be applied on DNA as well as on protein based apo(a) phenotyping.
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96
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Bader G, Plohmann B, Hiller K, Franz G. Cytotoxicity of triterpenoid saponins. Part 1: Activities against tumor cells in vitro and hemolytical index. DIE PHARMAZIE 1996; 51:414-7. [PMID: 8767852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Genuine saponins from Solidago virgaurea L., Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr., H. biennis (Ldb.) Tamamsch., and Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) as well as related carbohydrate modified glycosides of polygalacic acid and echinocystic acid were investigated in view of their structure related cytotoxicity in the YAC-1- and in the P-815-tumor cell model. The cytotoxic activities are influenced by both, the O-glycosylation pattern at carbon atom 3 and 28 of the sapogenin. The IC50-values of bisdesmosides of polygalacic acid are lower than those of the corresponding prosapogenins. The acylglycosidic carbohydrate sequence 1-fucose-2 <-- 1-rhamnose-4 <-- 1-xylose-3 <-- 1-rhamnose of these bisdesmosides showed the highest cytotoxic effect. One etherglycosidic linked glucose unit at C-3 of the aglycone is essential, a difference in activity to the disaccharide laminaribiose at the same position cannot be observed. In the case of echinocystic acid glycosides the acylglycosidic carbohydrate sequence 1-arabinose-2 <-- 1-rhamnose-4 <-- 1-glucose seems to influence the rate of the cytotoxic effects. By comparing the concentration of the saponins with the complete hemolysis time it is possible to determine the hemolytical index in a very short time. Cytotoxicity against tumor cells correlated with the basic structure of the saponins are in accordance with the hemolytical effect. Sugar moieties play an important role for the hemolytical index.
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97
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Zuliani G, Bader G, Imbastaro T, Mezzetti A, Taddeo U, Kostner GM, Fellin R. Lipoprotein(a) plasma levels and apo(a) isoforms are not associated with longevity or disability in a sample of Italian octo-nonagenarians. Associazione Medica Sabin. AGING (MILAN, ITALY) 1995; 7:385-91. [PMID: 8719606 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of disability and mortality in western countries. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is now considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, and might consequently be related to longevity and/or disability. In the context of a study on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in a sample of Italian octo-nonagenarians, Lp(a) and apo(a) isoforms were evaluated. One-hundred and fifty Italian octo-nonagenarians were classified as free-living or disabled, according to Katz's index, and compared to 91 healthy control adults. All the study subjects were recruited from a valley (Val Vibrata valley) near Teramo, in the central part of Italy. The median Lp(a) concentration of the whole group was 17 mg/dL (range 1-161 mg/dL), which is much higher than the values observed in Caucasian populations. No differences were detected between the octo-nonagenarian group (median 16 mg/dL, range 1-126 mg/dL) and the control group (median 19.5 mg/dL, range 1-161 mg/dL), nor between the free-living and the disabled groups. Apo(a) isoforms were similarly distributed among free-living, disabled and control subjects. While our findings suggest that Lp(a) plasma levels and apo(a) isoforms are not factors associated with longevity or disability, we cannot exclude that the low incidence of other major risk factors for atherosclerosis in our free-living octo-nonagenarians hampered the full expression of the lipoprotein(a) atherogenic potential, and thus allowed the achievement of a very old age in a good healthy status, even in carriers of high Lp(a) levels or small apo(a) isoforms.
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98
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Kraft H, Lingenhel A, Bader G, Kostner G, Utermann G. The relative electrophoretic mobility of apo(A) isoforms depends on the gel system: Proposal of a nomenclature for apo(A) phenotypes. Atherosclerosis 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(95)96392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bader G, Ashrit PV, Girouard FE, Truong VV. Reflection-transmission photoellipsometry: theory and experiments. APPLIED OPTICS 1995; 34:1684-1691. [PMID: 21037712 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method that uses reflection and transmission photoellipsometry to analyze samples consisting of thin films combined with semitransparent thick layers or substrates in the form of multilayer structures. Athick film or substrate is defined as a layer for which no interference effects can be observed for a given wavelength resolution, and contributions from multiple reflections in the substrate are taken into account in the theoretical treatment. An automatic reflection-transmission spectroscopic ellipsometer was built to test the theory, and satisfactory results have been obtained. Examples corresponding to a strongly absorbing film deposited on a glass substrate and a highly transmitting film also deposited on glass are shown. In both cases a good fit between theory and experiment is found. The photoellipsometric method presented is particularly suited to the analysis of actual samples of energy-efficient coatings for windows.
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Bader G, Wray V, Hiller K. The main saponins from the aerial parts and the roots of Solidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea. PLANTA MEDICA 1995; 61:158-161. [PMID: 7753924 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-958038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new (3, 4) and two known (1, 2) genuine acylated bisdesmosidic triterpenoid glycosides of polygalacic acid (2 beta, 3 beta, 16 alpha, 23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) were isolated from the aerial parts, as well as from the roots, of Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea. The structures of these esters were elucidated as 4-O-fucopyranosyl-acylated compounds (1, 2, 3, 4) of 28-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1-->4)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl]-glycosid es of 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-polygalacic acid (5), and 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]- polygalacic acid (6).
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