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Lee S, Cabanero M, Hyrcza M, Butler M, Liu FF, Hansen A, Huang SH, Tsao M, Song Y, Xu W, Goldstein D, Weinreb I, Bratman S. 29: Computer-Assisted Image Analysis of an Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissue Microarray. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chiosea SI, Thompson LDR, Weinreb I, Bauman JE, Mahaffey AM, Miller C, Ferris RL, Gooding WE. Subsets of salivary duct carcinoma defined by morphologic evidence of pleomorphic adenoma, PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangements, and common genetic alterations. Cancer 2016; 122:3136-3144. [PMID: 27379604 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors hypothesized that histogenetic classification of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) could account for de novo tumors and those with morphologic or molecular evidence (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 [PLAG1], high-mobility group AT hook 2 [HMGA2] rearrangement, amplification) of pleomorphic adenoma (PA). METHODS SDCs (n = 66) were reviewed for morphologic evidence of PA. PLAG1 and HMGA2 alterations were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PLAG1-positive tumors were tested by FISH for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) rearrangement. Thirty-nine tumors were analyzed using a commercial panel for mutations and copy number variations in 50 cancer-related genes. RESULTS On the basis of combined morphologic and molecular evidence of PA, 4 subsets of SDC emerged: 1) carcinomas with morphologic evidence of PA but intact PLAG1 and HMGA2 (n = 22); 2) carcinomas with PLAG1 alteration (n = 18) or 3) HMGA2 alteration (n = 12); and 4) de novo carcinomas, without morphologic or molecular evidence of PA (n = 14). The median disease-free survival was 37 months (95% confidence interval, 28.4-45.6 months). Disease-free survival and other clinicopathologic parameters did not differ for the subsets defined above. Combined Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit α (HRAS/PIK3CA) mutations were observed predominantly in de novo carcinomas (5 of 8 vs 2 of 31 tumors; P = .035). Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) copy number gain was not observed in de novo carcinomas (0 of 8 vs 12 of 31 tumors; P = .08). Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations were more common in SDC ex pleomorphic adenomas than in de novo carcinomas (17 of 31 vs 1 of 8 tumors; P = .033). CONCLUSIONS The genetic profile of SDC varies with the absence or presence of pre-existing PA and its cytogenetic signature. Most de novo SDCs harbor combined HRAS/PIK3CA mutations and no ERBB2 amplification. Cancer 2016;122:3136-44. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Dixon PR, Au M, Hosni A, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Xu W, Song Y, Huang SH, O'Sullivan B, Goldstein DP, de Almeida JR. Impact of p16 expression, nodal status, and smoking on oncologic outcomes of patients with head and neck unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2016; 38:1347-53. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Day D, Jang R, Spreafico A, Chen E, Stockley T, Kamel-Reid S, Weinreb I, Perez-Ordonez B, Siu L, Razak A, Hansen A. Genomic Profiling and Matched Therapy for Recurrent or Metastatic Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors (MSGT): Preliminary Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Piscuoglio S, Fusco N, Ng CKY, Martelotto LG, da Cruz Paula A, Katabi N, Rubin BP, Skálová A, Weinreb I, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Lack of PRKD2 and PRKD3 kinase domain somatic mutations in PRKD1 wild-type classic polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas of the salivary gland. Histopathology 2016; 68:1055-62. [PMID: 26426580 DOI: 10.1111/his.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is the second most common intra-oral salivary gland malignancy. The vast majority of PLGAs harbour a PRKD1 E710D hot-spot somatic mutation or somatic rearrangements of PRKD1, PRKD2 or PRKD3. Given the kinase domain homology among PRKD1, PRKD2 and PRKD3, we sought to define whether PLGAs lacking PRKD1 somatic mutations or PRKD gene family rearrangements would be driven by somatic mutations affecting the kinase domains of PRKD2 or PRKD3. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA was extracted from eight microdissected PLGAs lacking PRKD1 somatic mutations or PRKD gene family rearrangements. Samples were thoroughly centrally reviewed, microdissected and subjected to Sanger sequencing of the kinase domains of the PRKD2 and PRKD3 genes. None of the PLGAs lacking PRKD1 somatic mutations or PRKD gene family rearrangements harboured somatic mutations in the kinase domains of the PRKD2 or PRKD3 genes. CONCLUSION PLGAs lacking PRKD1 somatic mutations or PRKD gene family rearrangements are unlikely to harbour somatic mutations in the kinase domains of PRKD2 or PRKD3. Further studies are warranted to define the driver genetic events in this subgroup of PLGAs.
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Hosni A, Huang SH, Goldstein D, Xu W, Chan B, Hansen A, Weinreb I, Bratman SV, Cho J, Giuliani M, Hope A, Kim J, O'Sullivan B, Waldron J, Ringash J. Outcomes and prognostic factors for major salivary gland carcinoma following postoperative radiotherapy. Oral Oncol 2015; 54:75-80. [PMID: 26723908 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for major salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) and identify patients at high risk of distant metastases (DM). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with major SGC treated between 2000-2012 were identified. All patients underwent initial primary resection, with neck dissection (ND) therapeutically (if N+) or electively in high risk N0 patients. PORT was delivered using 3D-CRT or IMRT. Multivariable analysis (MVA) assessed predictors for DM, cause-specific (CSS) and overall survival. RESULTS Overall 304 patients were identified: 48% stage III-IVB, 22% lymphovascular invasion (LVI), 50% involved margins and 64% high risk pathology. ND was performed in 154 patients (51%). Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 10 patients (3%). IMRT was delivered in 171 patients (56%) and 3D-CRT in 133 (44%). With a median follow-up of 82 months, the 5-(10-) year local, regional, distant control, CSS and OS were 96% (96%), 95% (94%), 80% (77%), 83% (82%) and 78% (75%), respectively. DM was the most frequent treatment failure (n=62). On MVA, stage III-IVB and LVI significantly correlated with DM, CSS and OS, while positive margins predicted DM and CSS, and high risk pathology predicted DM. No grade ⩾ 4 RTOG late toxicity was reported; 9 patients had grade 3, including osteoradionecrosis (n=4), neck fibrosis (n=3), trismus (n=1) and dysphagia (n=1). CONCLUSIONS Surgery and PORT with 3D-CRT/IMRT produced excellent long-term outcomes. Further research is required for patients with stage III-IVB, LVI, positive margins and high risk pathology to determine the incremental benefit of systemic therapy in management of SGC.
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Erovic BM, Shah MD, Bruch G, Johnston M, Kim J, O'Sullivan B, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Atenafu EG, de Almeida JR, Gullane PJ, Brown D, Gilbert RW, Irish JC, Goldstein DP. Erratum to: Outcome analysis of 215 patients with parotid gland tumors: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 44:55. [PMID: 26671475 PMCID: PMC4681087 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-015-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bruce JP, Hui ABY, Shi W, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Xu W, Haibe-Kains B, Waggott DM, Boutros PC, O'Sullivan B, Waldron J, Huang SH, Chen EX, Gilbert R, Liu FF. Identification of a microRNA signature associated with risk of distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:4537-50. [PMID: 25738365 PMCID: PMC4414210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite significant improvement in locoregional control in the contemporary era of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment, patients still suffer from a significant risk of distant metastasis (DM). Identifying those patients at risk of DM would aid in personalized treatment in the future. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play many important roles in human cancers; hence, we proceeded to address the primary hypothesis that there is a miRNA expression signature capable of predicting DM for NPC patients. Methods and results The expression of 734 miRNAs was measured in 125 (Training) and 121 (Validation) clinically annotated NPC diagnostic biopsy samples. A 4-miRNA expression signature associated with risk of developing DM was identified by fitting a penalized Cox Proportion Hazard regression model to the Training data set (HR 8.25; p < 0.001), and subsequently validated in an independent Validation set (HR 3.2; p = 0.01). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of miRNAs associated with DM appear to be converging on cell-cycle pathways. Conclusions This 4-miRNA signature adds to the prognostic value of the current “gold standard” of TNM staging. In-depth interrogation of these 4-miRNAs will provide important biological insights that could facilitate the discovery and development of novel molecularly targeted therapies to improve outcome for future NPC patients.
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Huang S, Waldron J, Su S, Tong L, Bayley A, Bratman S, Cho J, Giuliani M, Hope A, Kim J, Ringash J, Hansen A, Goldstein D, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Xu W, Liu F, O'Sullivan B. Risk Stratification for Relapse in Human Papillomavirus–Unrelated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma Treated With Definitive Radiation Therapy With or Without Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Erovic BM, Shah MD, Bruch G, Johnston M, Johnston U, Kim J, O'Sullivan B, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Atenafu EG, de Almeida JR, Gullane PJ, Brown D, Gilbert RW, Irish JC, Goldstein DP. Outcome analysis of 215 patients with parotid gland tumors: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 44:43. [PMID: 26515170 PMCID: PMC4625880 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-015-0097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland carcinomas who were treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital. Methods Clinical outcome of two hundred fifteen patients with malignancies of the parotid gland was evaluated over a 16-year period. Results Two-hundred-fifteen patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 20), adenocarcinoma (n = 19), acinic cell carcinoma (n = 62), basal cell adenocarcinoma (n = 7), carcinoma-ex-pleomorphic adenoma (n = 18), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 70) and salivary duct carcinoma (n = 19) have been included. The 5- and 10-year overall and disease-free survivals were 80.62 %/69.48 % and 74.37 %/62.42 %, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that age greater than 60 years, advanced pN classification, histopathological grade and the presence of lymphovascular invasion significantly worsened overall and disease-free survival. Univariable analysis revealed periparotid lymph node involvement was associated with decreased overall (p < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In addition to age, pN classification, histopathological grade, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular involvement, periparotid lymph node metastasis appears to be an important prognosticator in parotid gland malignancy.
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Hunter FW, Young RJ, Shalev Z, Vellanki RN, Wang J, Gu Y, Joshi N, Sreebhavan S, Weinreb I, Goldstein DP, Moffat J, Ketela T, Brown KR, Koritzinsky M, Solomon B, Rischin D, Wilson WR, Wouters BG. Identification of P450 Oxidoreductase as a Major Determinant of Sensitivity to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs. Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26297733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1107.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a prevalent feature of many tumors contributing to disease progression and treatment resistance, and therefore constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. Several hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAP) have been developed, including the phase III candidate TH-302 (evofosfamide) and the preclinical agent SN30000, which is an optimized analogue of the well-studied HAP tirapazamine. Experience with this therapeutic class highlights an urgent need to identify biomarkers of HAP sensitivity, including enzymes responsible for prodrug activation during hypoxia. Using genome-scale shRNA screens and a high-representation library enriched for oxidoreductases, we identified the flavoprotein P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase (POR) as the predominant determinant of sensitivity to SN30000 in three different genetic backgrounds. No other genes consistently modified SN30000 sensitivity, even within a POR-negative background. Knockdown or genetic knockout of POR reduced SN30000 reductive metabolism and clonogenic cell death and similarly reduced sensitivity to TH-302 under hypoxia. A retrospective evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas showed heterogeneous POR expression and suggested a possible relationship between human papillomavirus status and HAP sensitivity. Taken together, our study identifies POR as a potential predictive biomarker of HAP sensitivity that should be explored during the clinical development of SN30000, TH-302, and other hypoxia-directed agents.
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Hunter FW, Young RJ, Shalev Z, Vellanki RN, Wang J, Gu Y, Joshi N, Sreebhavan S, Weinreb I, Goldstein DP, Moffat J, Ketela T, Brown KR, Koritzinsky M, Solomon B, Rischin D, Wilson WR, Wouters BG. Identification of P450 Oxidoreductase as a Major Determinant of Sensitivity to Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4211-23. [PMID: 26297733 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Johnston ML, Huang SH, Waldron JN, Atenafu EG, Chan K, Cummings BJ, Gilbert RW, Goldstein D, Gullane PJ, Irish JC, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Bayley A, Cho J, Dawson LA, Hope A, Ringash J, Witterick IJ, O'Sullivan B, Kim J. Salivary duct carcinoma: Treatment, outcomes, and patterns of failure. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E820-6. [PMID: 25916947 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary duct carcinoma is rare, with distinct morphology and behavior. We reviewed our institutional experience with salivary duct carcinoma, aiming to characterize clinical behavior and treatment outcomes. METHODS All salivary duct carcinomas treated curatively between 1999 and 2010 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), locoregional control, distant control, and patterns of failure were analyzed. Multivariate analysis identified predictors of OS. RESULTS Fifty-four patients with salivary duct carcinoma (parotid gland = 49; submandibular gland = 5) were included in the analysis. Fifty-three patients underwent primary surgery, and 48 (89%) received postoperative radiotherapy (RT; median dose = 60 Gy). Median follow-up was 5.7 years. The 5-year OS, locoregional control, and distant control were 43%, 70%, and 48%, respectively. Nine local (6 involving facial nerve), 10 regional, and 28 distant failures were identified. Multiple pathologic involved lymph nodes (pN2b/N2c) predicted reduced OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.6; p = .02). CONCLUSION Distant recurrence is common. Presence of pN2b/N2c disease is associated with reduced OS. Local recurrence frequently involves the facial nerves. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E820-E826, 2016.
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Spreafico A, Huang SH, Xu W, Granata R, Liu CS, Waldron JN, Chen E, Ringash J, Bayley A, Chan KK, Hope AJ, Razak ARA, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Bossi P, Orlandi E, Licitra LF, O'Sullivan B, Siu LL, Kim JHJ. Differential impact of cisplatin dose intensity on human papillomavirus (HPV)-related (+) and HPV-unrelated (−) locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Huang SH, Xu W, Waldron J, Siu L, Shen X, Tong L, Ringash J, Bayley A, Kim J, Hope A, Cho J, Giuliani M, Hansen A, Irish J, Gilbert R, Gullane P, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Liu FF, O'Sullivan B. Refining American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM stage and prognostic groups for human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinomas. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:836-45. [PMID: 25667292 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To refine stage and prognostic group for human papillomavirus (HPV) -related nonmetastatic (M0) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). METHODS All patients with nonmetastatic (M0) p16-confirmed OPC treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy from 2000 to 2010 were included. Overall survival (OS) was compared among TNM stages for patients with HPV-related and HPV-unrelated OPC separately. For HPV-related OPC, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) derived new RPA stages objectively. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) to derive AHR stages. The performance of survival prediction of RPA stage and AHR stage was assessed against the current seventh edition TNM stages. Prognostic groups were derived by RPA, combining RPA stage and nonanatomic factors. RESULTS The cohort comprised 573 patients with HPV-related OPC and 237 patients with HPV-unrelated OPC, with a median follow-up of 5.1 years. Lower 5-year OS with higher TNM stage was evident for patients with HPV-unrelated OPC (stage I, II, III, and IV 5-year OS: 70%, 58%, 50%, and 30%, respectively; P = .004) but not for patients with HPV-related OPC (stage I, II, III, and IV 5-year OS: 88%, 78%, 71%, and 74%, respectively; P = .56). RPA divided HPV-related OPC into RPA-I (T1-3N0-2b), RPA-II (T1-3N2c), and RPA-III (T4 or N3; 5-year OS: 82%, 76%, and 54%, respectively; P < .001). AHR also yielded a valid classification, but RPA stage demonstrated better survival prediction. A further RPA (including RPA stage, age, and smoking pack-years [PYs]) derived the following four valid prognostic groups for survival: group I (T1-3N0-N2c_≤ 20 PY), group II (T1-3N0-N2c_> 20 PY), group III (T4 or N3_age ≤ 70), and group IVA (T4 or N3_age > 70; 5-year OS: 89%, 64%, 57%, and 40%, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSION An RPA-based TNM stage grouping (stage I/II/III: T1-3N0-N2b/T1-3N2c/T4 or N3, with M1 as stage IV) is proposed for HPV-related OPC as a result of significantly improved survival prediction compared with the seventh edition TNM, and prognostication is further improved by an RPA-based prognostic grouping within the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM framework for HPV-related OPC.
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Ilan O, Syed MI, Weinreb I, Rutka JA. Re: Inner ear damage following electric current and lightning injury: a literature review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 272:3083-4. [PMID: 25567343 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Griffith CC, Thompson LDR, Assaad A, Purgina BM, Lai C, Bauman JE, Weinreb I, Seethala RR, Chiosea SI. Salivary duct carcinoma and the concept of early carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. Histopathology 2014; 65:854-60. [PMID: 24804831 DOI: 10.1111/his.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The data on the histological type of carcinomatous component and the extent of extracapsular invasion for salivary carcinomas ex pleomorphic adenoma (PA) are conflicting. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of extracapsular invasion in salivary duct carcinomas (SDC) ex PA. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 117 patients with SDC were identified retrospectively; 44 cases involving major salivary glands had pre-existing PA (44 of 117, 37%). The morphological spectrum of SDC ex PA was characterized. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Most SDC ex PA were widely invasive at presentation (27 of 44; 61%). Five patients with intracapsular SDC ex PA experienced no disease progression. The assessment of extracapsular invasion was precluded in eight cases (e.g. positive margins of resection). The rate of lymph node involvement was similar in cases with extracapsular invasion of ≤2 mm (two of three) and >7 mm (22 of 26). Only pT correlated with OS [116 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 22-210 months for pT1 versus 20 months (95% CI 6-34) for pT4; P = 0.013]. CONCLUSIONS Intracapsular SDC ex PA are potentially indolent. SDC ex PA with extracapsular invasion of ≤2 mm are rare, and appear to be clinically aggressive. Several histological parameters preclude assessment of extracapsular invasion.
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Huang SH, Waldron JN, Milosevic M, Shen X, Ringash J, Su J, Tong L, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Bayley AJ, Kim J, Hope A, Cho BJ, Giuliani M, Razak A, Goldstein D, Shi W, Liu FF, Xu W, O'Sullivan B. Prognostic value of pretreatment circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in oropharyngeal cancer stratified by human papillomavirus status. Cancer 2014; 121:545-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sepiashvili L, Waggott D, Hui A, Shi W, Su S, Ignatchenko A, Ignatchenko V, Laureano M, Huang SH, Xu W, Weinreb I, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Irish JC, Boutros PC, Liu FF, Kislinger T. Integrated omic analysis of oropharyngeal carcinomas reveals human papillomavirus (HPV)-dependent regulation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3572-84. [PMID: 25271301 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.041764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) patients have superior outcomes relative to HPV-negative patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We conducted a proteomic investigation of HPV-positive (n = 27) and HPV-negative (n = 26) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OPC biopsies to acquire insights into the biological pathways that correlate with clinical behavior. Among the 2,633 proteins identified, 174 were differentially abundant. These were enriched for proteins related to cell cycle, DNA replication, apoptosis, and immune response. The differential abundances of cortactin and methylthioadenosine phosphorylase were validated by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 29 OPC samples (p = 0.023 and p = 0.009, respectively). An additional 1,124 proteins were independently corroborated through comparison to a published proteomic dataset of OPC. Furthermore, utilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas, we conducted an integrated investigation of OPC, attributing mechanisms underlying differential protein abundances to alterations in mutation, copy number, methylation, and mRNA profiles. A key finding of this integration was the identification of elevated cortactin oncoprotein levels in HPV-negative OPCs. These proteins might contribute to reduced survival in these patients via their established role in radiation resistance. Through interrogation of Cancer Genome Atlas data, we demonstrated that activation of the β1-integrin/FAK/cortactin/JNK1 signaling axis and associated differential regulation of activator protein 1 transcription factor target genes are plausible consequences of elevated cortactin protein levels.
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Huang SH, Patel S, O'Sullivan B, Shen X, Xu W, Weinreb I, Perez-Ordonez B, Irish J, Waldron J, Gullane P, Gilbert R, Brown D, Kim J, Freeman J, de Almeida JR, Goldstein D. Longer survival in patients with human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer after positive postradiation planned neck dissection. Head Neck 2014; 37:946-52. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Weinreb I, Piscuoglio S, Martelotto LG, Waggott D, Ng CKY, Perez-Ordonez B, Harding NJ, Alfaro J, Chu KC, Viale A, Fusco N, da Cruz Paula A, Marchio C, Sakr RA, Lim R, Thompson LDR, Chiosea SI, Seethala RR, Skalova A, Stelow EB, Fonseca I, Assaad A, How C, Wang J, de Borja R, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Howlett CJ, Nichols AC, Wen YH, Katabi N, Buchner N, Mullen L, Kislinger T, Wouters BG, Liu FF, Norton L, McPherson JD, Rubin BP, Clarke BA, Weigelt B, Boutros PC, Reis-Filho JS. Hotspot activating PRKD1 somatic mutations in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas of the salivary glands. Nat Genet 2014; 46:1166-9. [PMID: 25240283 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is the second most frequent type of malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands. We identified PRKD1 hotspot mutations encoding p.Glu710Asp in 72.9% of PLGAs but not in other salivary gland tumors. Functional studies demonstrated that this kinase-activating alteration likely constitutes a driver of PLGA.
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Huang S, Waldron J, Xu W, Tong L, Ringash J, Bayley A, Hope A, Kim J, Cho J, Giuliani M, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Chen E, Goldstein D, O’Sullivan B. Potential Cure in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer With Oligometastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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98
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Weinreb I, Zhang L, Tirunagari LMS, Sung YS, Chen CL, Perez-Ordonez B, Clarke BA, Skalova A, Chiosea SI, Seethala RR, Waggott D, Boutros PC, How C, Liu FF, Irish JC, Goldstein DP, Gilbert R, Ud Din N, Assaad A, Hornick JL, Thompson LDR, Antonescu CR. Novel PRKD gene rearrangements and variant fusions in cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:845-56. [PMID: 24942367 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland (CAMSG) are low-grade carcinomas arising most often in oral cavity and oropharynx, respectively. Controversy exists as to whether these tumors represent separate entities or variants of one spectrum, as they appear to have significant overlap, but also clinicopathologic differences. As many salivary carcinomas harbor recurrent translocations, paired-end RNA sequencing and FusionSeq data analysis was applied for novel fusion discovery on two CAMSGs and two PLGAs. Validated rearrangements were then screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 60 cases. Histologic classification was performed without knowledge of fusion status and included: 21 CAMSG, 18 classic PLGA, and 21 with "mixed/indeterminate" features. The RNAseq of 2 CAMSGs showed ARID1A-PRKD1 and DDX3X-PRKD1 fusions, respectively, while no fusion candidates were identified in two PLGAs. FISH for PRKD1 rearrangements identified 11 additional cases (22%), two more showing ARID1A-PRKD1 fusions. As PRKD2 and PRKD3 share similar functions with PRKD1 in the diacylglycerol and protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, we expanded the investigation for these genes by FISH. Six additional cases each showed PRKD2 and PRKD3 rearrangements. Of the 26 (43%) fusion-positive tumors, there were 16 (80%) CAMSGs and 9 (45%) indeterminate cases. A PRKD2 rearrangement was detected in one PLGA (6%). We describe novel and recurrent gene rearrangements in PRKD1-3 primarily in CAMSG, suggesting a possible pathogenetic dichotomy from "classic" PLGA. However, the presence of similar genetic findings in half of the indeterminate cases and a single PLGA suggests a possible shared pathogenesis for these tumor types.
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99
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Magalhaes MAO, Irish JC, Weinreb I, Perez-Ordonez B. Adenosquamous carcinoma of hypopharynx with intestinal-phenotype. Head Neck Pathol 2013; 9:114-8. [PMID: 24338588 PMCID: PMC4382486 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosquamous carcinomas of the head and neck (ADSCs) are rare locally aggressive malignancies characterized by the presence of two distinctive components, a squamous cell carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma. The immunophenotype of the glandular component of ADSCs has only been rarely studied but has been reported as being positive for keratin 7 (CK7) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and negative for keratin 20 (CK20). Herein, we report a case of an ADSCs of the hypopharynx composed of a superficial squamous cell carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma with an intestinal phenotype. The patient was a 62 year-old male with a T2 N0 M0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of uvula and palate and a T1 N0 M0 of right hypopharynx. The ADSCs of the hypopharynx was composed of a minimally invasive SCC and an adenocarcinoma with tubulo-glandular and cribriform architecture. The neoplastic glands were positive for CK7, CK20, CDX2, CEA and Villin. The patient underwent radiotherapy to both tumors and remains well with no evidence of recurrent disease 19 months after treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an ADSCs of the head and neck with an intestinal phenotype in its glandular component.
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100
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Habbous S, Chu KP, Qiu X, La Delfa A, Harland LT, Fadhel E, Hui A, Perez-Ordonez B, Weinreb I, Liu FF, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Goldstein D, Xu W, Huang SH, Liu G. The changing incidence of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer using multiple imputation from 2000 to 2010 at a Comprehensive Cancer Centre. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:820-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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