151
|
Udayasankar J, Kodama K, Hull RL, Zraika S, Aston-Mourney K, Subramanian SL, Tong J, Faulenbach MV, Vidal J, Kahn SE. Amyloid formation results in recurrence of hyperglycaemia following transplantation of human IAPP transgenic mouse islets. Diabetologia 2009; 52:145-53. [PMID: 19002432 PMCID: PMC4950742 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet transplantation is a potential cure for diabetes; however, rates of graft failure remain high. The aim of the present study was to determine whether amyloid deposition is associated with reduced beta cell volume in islet grafts and the recurrence of hyperglycaemia following islet transplantation. METHODS We transplanted a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes with 100 islets from human IAPP (which encodes islet amyloid polypeptide) transgenic mice that have the propensity to form islet amyloid (n = 8-12) or from non-transgenic mice that do not develop amyloid (n = 6-10) in sets of studies that lasted 1 or 6 weeks. RESULTS Plasma glucose levels before and for 1 week after transplantation were similar in mice that received transgenic or non-transgenic islets, and at that time amyloid was detected in all transgenic grafts and, as expected, in none of the non-transgenic grafts. However, over the 6 weeks following transplantation, plasma glucose levels increased in transgenic but remained stable in non-transgenic islet graft recipients (p < 0.05). At 6 weeks, amyloid was present in 92% of the transgenic grafts and in none of the non-transgenic grafts. Beta cell volume was reduced by 30% (p < 0.05), beta cell apoptosis was twofold higher (p < 0.05), and beta cell replication was reduced by 50% (p < 0.001) in transgenic vs non-transgenic grafts. In summary, amyloid deposition in islet grafts occurs prior to the recurrence of hyperglycaemia and its accumulation over time is associated with beta cell loss. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Islet amyloid formation may explain, in part, the non-immune loss of beta cells and recurrence of hyperglycaemia following clinical islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Udayasankar
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System 151, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
152
|
Tong J, Stevenson SB, Bedell HE. Signals of eye-muscle proprioception modulate perceived motion smear. J Vis 2008; 8:7.1-6. [DOI: 10.1167/8.14.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
153
|
Maruko I, Zhang B, Tao X, Tong J, Smith EL, Chino YM. Postnatal development of disparity sensitivity in visual area 2 (v2) of macaque monkeys. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:2486-95. [PMID: 18753321 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90397.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaque monkeys do not reliably discriminate binocular depth cues until about 8 wk of age. The neural factors that limit the development of fine depth perception in primates are not known. In adults, binocular depth perception critically depends on detection of relative binocular disparities and the earliest site in the primate visual brain where a substantial proportion of neurons are capable of discriminating relative disparity is visual area 2 (V2). We examined the disparity sensitivity of V2 neurons during the first 8 wk of life in infant monkeys and compared the responses of V2 neurons to those of V1 neurons. We found that the magnitude of response modulation in V2 and V1 neurons as a function of interocular spatial phase disparity was adult-like as early as 2 wk of age. However, the optimal spatial frequency and binocular response rate of these disparity sensitive neurons were more than an octave lower in 2- and 4-wk-old infants than in adults. Consequently, despite the lower variability of neuronal firing in V2 and V1 neurons of infant monkeys, the ability of these neurons to discriminate fine disparity differences was significantly reduced compared with adults. This reduction in disparity sensitivity of V2 and V1 neurons is likely to limit binocular depth perception during the first several weeks of a monkey's life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Maruko
- College of Optometry, Univ. of Houston, 505 J. Davis Armistead Bldg., Houston, TX 77204-2020, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
Wolf A, Glinnemann J, Schmidt M, Tong J, Dinnebier R, Simon A, Koehler J. Prediction and experimental determination of the crystal structure of SiBr 4. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308092805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
155
|
Zant NP, Heaton-Adegbile P, Hussell JG, Tong J. In vitro fatigue failure of cemented acetabular replacements: a hip simulator study. J Biomech Eng 2008; 130:021019. [PMID: 18412506 DOI: 10.1115/1.2904466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although hip simulators for in vitro wear testing of prosthetic materials used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been available for a number of years, similar equipment has yet to appear for endurance testing of fixation in cemented THA, despite considerable evidence of late aseptic loosening as one of the most significant failure mechanisms in this type of replacements. An in vitro study of fatigue behavior in cemented acetabular replacements has been carried out, utilizing a newly developed hip simulator. The machine was designed to simulate the direction and the magnitude of the hip contact force under typical physiological loading conditions, including normal walking and stair climbing, as reported by Bergmann et al. (2001, Hip 98, Freie Universitaet, Berlin). A 3D finite element analysis has been carried out to validate the function of the hip simulator and to evaluate the effects of boundary conditions and geometry of the specimen on the stress distribution in the cement mantle. Bovine pelvic bones were implanted with a Charnley cup, using standard manual cementing techniques. Experiments were carried out under normal walking and descending stairs loading conditions with selected load levels from a body weight of 75-125 kg. Periodically, the samples were removed from the test rigs to allow CT scanning for the purpose of monitoring damage development in the cement fixation. The hip simulator was found to be satisfactory in reproducing the hip contact force during normal walking and stair climbing, as reported by Bergmann et al. Finite element analysis shows that the stress distributions in the cement mantle and at the bone-cement interface are largely unaffected by the geometry and the boundary conditions of the model. Three samples were tested up to 17 x 10(6) cycles and sectioned post-testing for microscopic studies. Debonding at the bone-cement interface of various degrees in the posterior-superior quadrant was revealed in these samples, and the location of the failures corresponds to the highest stressed region from the finite-element analysis. Preliminary experimental results from a newly developed hip simulator seem to suggest that debonding at the bone-cement interface is the main failure mechanism in cemented acetabular replacements, and descending stairs seem to be more detrimental than normal walking or ascending stairs with regard to fatigue integrity of cement fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N P Zant
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
156
|
Abstract
The long-term stability of cemented total hip replacements critically depends on the lasting integrity of the bond between the cement and the bone, often referred to as fixation. In vitro assessment of fatigue behaviour of cemented acetabular, as opposed to femoral, replacements is of particular interest due to the more aggressive nature of late "loosening" found in acetabular replacements, reported to be three times that in femoral cases. Quantitative assessment of fatigue behaviour of cement fixation on acetabular side has been difficult due to the complexity of the pelvic bone geometry and the associated loading conditions.The purpose of this work was to develop a framework for in vitro assessment of fatigue integrity of cement fixation in acetabular replacements. To this end, a newly developed hip simulator was utilised, where the direction and the magnitude of the hip contact force (Bergmann et al., 2001) under typical physiological loading conditions including normal walking and stair climbing were simulated for the first time. Preliminary hip simulator experimental results seem to be consistent with those from constant amplitude fatigue tests, in that debonding at the bone-cement interface is identified as the main failure mechanism, although the numbers of cycles to failure are significantly reduced in samples tested in the hip simulator. Finite element analysis of implanted bone samples was carried out, where the effects of loading mode on the stress distribution in the cement mantle and at the bone-cement interface were evaluated. The effects of model geometry on the stress state and failure modes were also examined and discussed based on the results of the present and previously published work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Tong
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - N.P. Zant
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - J.-Y. Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - P. Heaton-Adegbile
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
- The North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK
| | - J.G. Hussell
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Anglesea Building, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth NHS Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Chen Q, Yan CQ, Liu FJ, Tong J, Miao SL, Chen JP. Overexpression of the PDCD2-like gene results in Inhibited TNF-α production in activated Daudi cells. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
158
|
Tong J, Zhu MJ, Underwood KR, Hess BW, Ford SP, Du M. AMP-activated protein kinase and adipogenesis in sheep fetal skeletal muscle and 3T3-L1 cells. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1296-305. [PMID: 18344293 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marbling, or i.m. fat, is an important factor determining beef quality. Both adipogenesis and hypertrophy of existing adipocytes contribute to enhanced marbling. We hypothesized that the fetal stage is important for the formation of i.m. adipocytes and that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a key role in adipogenesis during this stage. The objective of this study was to assess the role of AMPK in adipogenesis in fetal sheep muscle and 3T3-L1 cells. Nonpregnant ewes were randomly assigned to a control (Con, 100% of NRC recommendations, n = 7) or overfed (OF, 150% of NRC, n = 7) diet from 60 d before to 75 d after conception, when the ewes were killed. The fetal LM was collected at necropsy for biochemical analyses. The activity of AMPK was less in the fetal muscle of OF sheep. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, a marker of adipogenesis, was greater in OF fetal muscle compared with Con fetal muscle. To further show the role of AMPK in adipogenesis, we used 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in a standard adipogenic medium for 24 h and 10 d. Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-car-boxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside dramatically inhibited the expression of PPARgamma and reduced the presence of adipocytes after 10 d of differentiation. Inhibition of AMPK by compound C enhanced the expression of PPARgamma. In conclusion, these data show that AMPK activity is inversely related to adipogenesis in fetal sheep muscle and 3T3-L1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
159
|
Tong J. Using Body Weight as a Pre-Hospital Fluid Infusion Device: The Relationship Between Under-Body Position and Flow Rate JL. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2008; 154:31-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-154-01-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
160
|
Abstract
Type I markers are useful for comparative mapping and other genetic analyses, but relatively difficult to develop. In the present study a microsatellite (SSR)-enriched cDNA library was constructed for the first time using the fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) method in a small fish, Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). A total of 97.4% of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) contained targeted CA-repeats, in which 29 unique EST-SSRs were identified. Ten out of the 28 loci for which primer pairs were designed were polymorphic with alleles ranging from three to seven (mean 4.50). Some of these EST-SSRs can be amplified in other species. These results proved that cDNA-FIASCO is an efficient way to isolate novel EST-SSRs in a fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Boileau I, Houle S, Tong J, Rusjan P, Wilkins D, Selby P, Wilson A, Kish S. Increased vesicular monoamine transporter binding during early abstinence from chronic methamphetamine abuse: Preliminary PET/(+)[11C]DTBZ findings. Neuroimage 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
162
|
Utzschneider KM, Prigeon RL, Tong J, Gerchman F, Carr DB, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Montgomery B, Mari A, Kahn SE. Within-subject variability of measures of beta cell function derived from a 2 h OGTT: implications for research studies. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2516-25. [PMID: 17928990 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Knowledge of the within-subject variability of a parameter is required to properly design and calculate sample sizes for longitudinal studies. We sought to determine the day-to-day variability of measures of beta cell function derived from an OGTT. METHODS Thirty-seven adults (13 with normal glucose tolerance, ten with impaired glucose tolerance, 14 with type 2 diabetes) underwent a standard 2 h 75 g OGTT on two separate days (median time between tests, 7 days; range, 5-14). From these data, the reproducibility of several indices of beta cell function were determined: insulinogenic index (DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30)), early C-peptide response (DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30)), incremental AUC insulin to glucose response (incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu)), integrated insulin secretion response from 0 to 120 min (IS/Glu(0-120)) and indices of beta cell function derived from a mathematical model. RESULTS Within-subject variability for DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30) (CV 57.1%) was higher than DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30) (CV 34.7%). Measures integrated over the full 120 min of the OGTT, incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu) (CV 24.9%) and IS/Glu(0-120) (CV 17.4%), demonstrated less variability. The mathematical model-derived measures of beta cell glucose sensitivity (CV 20.3%) and potentiation (CV 33.0%) showed moderate variability. The impact of the different measures' variability on sample size (30% change from baseline) is demonstrated by calculated sample sizes of 89 for DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30), 37 for DeltaCP(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30), 21 for incAUC(ins)/incAUC(glu) and 11 for IS/Glu(0-120). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Some OGTT-derived indices of beta cell function, in particular the insulinogenic index, demonstrate high within-subject variability. Integrated measures that utilise multiple time points and measures that use C-peptide show less variability and may lead to a reduced sample size requirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Utzschneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
163
|
Tong J. The Management of Difficult Direct Laryngoscopy and Intubation in a Field Hospital:An Alternative to Fibreoptic Endoscopy. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2007; 153:181-3. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-153-03-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
164
|
Tong J, Wong K, Lupton C. Determination of interfacial fracture toughness of bone-cement interface using sandwich Brazilian disks. Eng Fract Mech 2007; 74:1904-1916. [PMID: 19330043 PMCID: PMC2661062 DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The long-term stability of cemented total hip replacements critically depends on the lasting integrity of the bond between bone and bone cement. Conventionally, the bonding strength of bone-cement is obtained by mechanical tests that tend to produce a large variability between specimens and test methods. In this work, interfacial fracture toughness of synthetic bone-cement interface has been studied using sandwiched Brazilian disk specimens. Experiments were carried out using polyurethane foams as substrates and a common bone cement as an interlayer. Selected loading angles from 0° to 25° were used to achieve full loading conditions from mode I to mode II. Finite element analyses were carried out to obtain the solutions for strain energy release rates at given phase angles associated with the experimental models. The effects of crack length on the measured interfacial fracture toughness were examined. Microscopic studies were also carried out to obtain the morphology of the fractured interfaces at selected loading angles.The implication of the results on the assessment of fixation in acetabular replacements is discussed in the light of preliminary work on bovine cancellous bone-cement interface.
Collapse
|
165
|
|
166
|
Tong J, Boyko EJ, Utzschneider KM, McNeely MJ, Hayashi T, Carr DB, Wallace TM, Zraika S, Gerchman F, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. Intra-abdominal fat accumulation predicts the development of the metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1156-60. [PMID: 17387445 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) is an important risk factor for CHD and type 2 diabetes, and in cross-sectional studies is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to determine whether IAF accumulation predicts the future development of MetS in non-diabetic Japanese-Americans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 457 Japanese-American men and women (mean+/-SD: age 51.5 +/- 12.0 years, BMI 23.9 +/- 3.1 kg/m(2)) without diabetes or MetS at baseline. Of these, 408 completed a 5-year follow-up and 366 completed a 10-year follow-up. BMI, waist circumference, IAF and subcutaneous fat (SCF) areas by computed tomography, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were measured at baseline and at 5- and 10-year follow-up. MetS was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Incidence of MetS was 15.3% at 5 years and 17.8% at 10 years. A change of 1 SD in IAF area was associated with a 2.1-fold increase in the odds of MetS at 10 years (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% CI 1.41-3.07) after adjusting for age, sex, baseline IAF and the presence of each individual MetS criteria at baseline. This association was independent of changes in fasting insulin and SCF areas. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that IAF accumulation over time independently predicts the development of MetS and thus may play an important role in the development of MetS in Japanese-Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151) and University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
167
|
Tong J, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Gerchman F, Knopp RH, Kahn SE. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels are associated with differences in body fat distribution in human subjects. Diabetologia 2007; 50:439-42. [PMID: 17171555 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is produced by the F-cells of the pancreas, and its plasma concentration has been used as a marker of parasympathetic activity. Recent work in rodents suggests that there is both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue and that parasympathetic activity is anabolic resulting in lipid accumulation. We have examined whether in humans increased PP levels are associated with increased intra-abdominal fat (IAF), and thereby insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured PP levels in 177 non-diabetic subjects (75 male/102 female; age 32-75 years) 3 min after an i.v. glucose bolus during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. IAF and s.c. fat (SCF) areas were measured by CT scan. The insulin sensitivity index (S (I)) was quantified using Bergman's minimal model. RESULTS PP levels were higher in men than in women (96.2 +/- 72.2 vs 76.1 +/- 55.0 pg/ml, mean +/- SD, p = 0.037), as was IAF area (124.7 +/- 67.4 vs 83.0 +/- 57.7 cm(2), p < 0.001). While PP levels were significantly associated with IAF (r = 0.16, p = 0.031), WHR (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and age (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), they were not associated with SCF (r = 0.02, p = 0.829). The association between PP and IAF was not independent of age and/or sex. S(I) was negatively associated with PP levels (r = -0.17, p = 0.026) and IAF area (r = -0.65, p < 0.001). The association between S(I) and PP disappeared after adjusting for IAF area, indicating that S(I) was not a major determinant of PP levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In humans, age and sex may modulate the association between plasma PP level and IAF area, suggesting that they may be determinants of parasympathetic activity and thus IAF accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
168
|
Sun JY, Tong J, Zhou J. Application of nano-indenter for investigation of the properties of the elytra cuticle of the dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 153:129-33. [PMID: 17054388 DOI: 10.1049/ip-nbt:20050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nanomechanical properties of the multilayer elytra cuticle of the dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky) were investigated in the vertical and transverse directions using a nano-indenter. The reduced modulus Ev and hardness Hv of the surface cuticle in the vertical direction obtained by nano-indentation were 3.54+/-0.12 GPa and 0.20+/-0.01 GP, respectively. The nano-indentation result showed that the reduced modulus E(t) and hardness Ht of each layer were gradually reduced from the outer layer to the inner layer in the transverse direction. Ev was less than the largest Et presented at the outer layer (7.06+/-0.54 GPa). It was supposedly formed as a result of the composite effect of the multilayer. Without consideration of the anisotropy of chitin, an experimental model was proposed to describe the nanomechanical properties of the elytra cuticle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of Terrain-Machine Bionics Engineering (Ministry of Education, China) and the College of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Guan W, Ge CH, Zhang XD, Tong J, Liu QT. Interaction between ligands in ternary complexes of cadmium(II) with phenanthroline and phenylalkylmalonates in solution. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328406110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
170
|
Maneeruttanarungroj C, Pongsomboon S, Wuthisuthimethavee S, Klinbunga S, Wilson KJ, Swan J, Li Y, Whan V, Chu KH, Li CP, Tong J, Glenn K, Rothschild M, Jerry D, Tassanakajon A. Development of polymorphic expressed sequence tag-derived microsatellites for the extension of the genetic linkage map of the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Anim Genet 2006; 37:363-8. [PMID: 16879347 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microsatellite markers were developed for the genetic linkage mapping and breeding program of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. A total of 997 unique microsatellite-containing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from 10 100 EST sequences in the P. monodon EST database. AT-rich microsatellite types were predominant in the EST sequences. Homology searching by the blastn and blastx programs revealed that these 997 ESTs represented 8.6% known gene products, 27.8% hypothetical proteins and 63.6% unknown gene products. Characterization of 50 markers on a panel of 35-48 unrelated shrimp indicated an average number of alleles of 12.6 and an average polymorphic information content of 0.723. These EST microsatellite markers along with 208 other markers (185 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, one exon-primed intron-crossing, six single strand conformation polymorphisms, one single nucleotide polymorphism, 13 non-EST-associated microsatellites and two EST-associated microsatellites) were analysed across the international P. monodon mapping family. A total of 144 new markers were added to the P. monodon maps, including 36 of the microsatellite-containing ESTs. The current P. monodon male and female linkage maps have 47 and 36 linkage groups respectively with coverage across half the P. monodon genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Maneeruttanarungroj
- Shrimp Molecular Biology and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
171
|
Tong J, Dang XJ, Li HL, Yang M. Voltammetric Determination of Hydroxylamine Based on a Catalytic Reaction in the Presence Of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-Acetylpiperidine-1-Oxy Radical. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
172
|
Gao L, Qiu W, Wang Y, Xu W, Xu J, Tong J. Sublytic complement C5b-9 complexes induce thrombospondin-1 production in rat glomerular mesangial cells via PI3-k/Akt: association with activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta1. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 144:326-34. [PMID: 16634807 PMCID: PMC1809655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell proliferation is a common cellular response to a variety of different types of glomerular injury. Complement C5b-9 is a prime candidate to mediate mesangial cell proliferation, especially sublytic C5b-9, which can induce the production of multiple inflammatory factors and cytokines. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 plays a major role in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), while thrombospondin (TSP)-1 has been identified as an activator of latent TGF-beta1 in an in vitro system. Using rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) as a model system, we assessed the effect of sublytic C5b-9 on the expression of TSP-1 and TGF-beta1 and explored the relevant pathway of signal transduction. First, we ensured the concentrations of anti-Thy1 antibody and complement, which were regarded as a sublytic C5b-9 dose, and examined whether the sublytic C5b-9 induced expression of TSP-1 in rat GMCs which, in turn, activated latent TGF-beta1 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Then, we investigated the role of the PI3-k/Akt pathway in sublytic C5b-9-induced TSP-1 production in rat GMCs by Western blot analysis. The addition of sublytic C5b-9 (5% anti-Thy1 antibody and 4% normal serum) to rat GMCs induced activation of latent TGF-beta1 via TSP-1. The addition of sublytic C5b-9 apparently increased the protein of Akt phosphorylation, whereas PI3-k inhibitor LY294002 could clearly reduce the increase of TSP-1 induced by sublytic C5b-9. These results indicate that TSP-1 is an activator of latent TGF-beta1 in sublytic C5b-9-induced rat GMCs; furthermore, the PI3-k/Akt signal transduction pathway may play a key role in sublytic C5b-9-induced TSP-1 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, 210019 Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
173
|
Gerchman F, Tong J, Utzschneider KM, McNeely MJ, Hull RL, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Leonetti DJ, Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. 156 INCREASED VISCERAL ADIPOSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE BY A MECHANISM INDEPENDENT OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
174
|
Gerchman F, Tong J, Utzschneider K, McNeely M, Hull R, Zraika S, Udayasankar J, Leonetti D, Boyko E, Fujimoto W, Kahn S. Increased Visceral Adiposity is Associated with Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate by a Mechanism Independent of Glucose Tolerance. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Gerchman
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Tong
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - K.M. Utzschneider
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M.J. McNeely
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - R.L. Hull
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S. Zraika
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Udayasankar
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - D.J. Leonetti
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - E.J. Boyko
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - W.Y. Fujimoto
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S.E. Kahn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Tong J, Utzschneider K, Carr D, Hull R, Udayasankar J, Gerchman F, Zraika S, Knopp R, Kahn S. Parasympathetic Innervation May Mediate the Effect of Age and Gender on Body Fat Distribution in Humans. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Tong
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - K.M. Utzschneider
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - D.B. Carr
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - R.L. Hull
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Udayasankar
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - F. Gerchman
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S. Zraika
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - R.H. Knopp
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S.E. Kahn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Utzschneider K, Tong J, Gerchman F, Udayasankar J, Montgomery B, Kahn S. The Early Insulin Response during An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Exhibits Marked Day-To-Day Variability in Free-Living Adults. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890605401s39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Utzschneider
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Tong
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - F. Gerchman
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J. Udayasankar
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - B. Montgomery
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - S.E. Kahn
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and the University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Abstract
Severe wear and aseptic loosening in an uncemented acetabular prosthesis have been observed in a revision surgery carried out at King Edwards VII hospital by L. Taylor and P. Heaton-Adegbile, twelve years following the primary total hip replacement operation. The superior-lateral wall of the polyethylene liner and part of the titanium cup were found to be completely worn out, such that the ceramic head was in direct articulation with the titanium cup.A three-dimensional finite element model was developed. The polyethylene liner was modelled with the outer surface of the liner fully constrained to represent the much stiffer metal cup. Contact analyses were performed between the articulating surfaces under physiological loading conditions, including normal walking, climbing upstairs and downstairs, using the finite element software ANSYS. The results show high initial contact pressure along the periphery of the liner due to the oversize of the femoral head. The maximum contact pressure was found in the superior-posterior quadrant, which correlates well with the location and the direction of the wear. Both wear particles and stress shielding may have contributed to the periprosthetic bone loss and ultimately the late loosening. Reduction of the interference between the liner and the femoral head seems to be effective in the reduction of the initial contact pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Heaton-Adegbile
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Building, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Utzschneider KM, Tong J, Gerchman F, Udayasankar J, Montgomery B, Kahn SE. 155 THE EARLY INSULIN RESPONSE DURING AN ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST EXHIBITS MARKED DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY IN FREE-LIVING ADULTS.: Table. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
179
|
Tong J, Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Hull RL, Udayasankar J, Gerchman F, Zraika S, Knopp RH, Kahn SE. 326 PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION MAY MEDIATE THE EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HUMANS. J Investig Med 2006. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.x0004.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
180
|
Tong J, Li Y, Chen Z. ABR-002 Co-culture with granulosa cells of human oocytes during in-vitro maturation and the influence on the maturation of ooplasm. Reprod Biomed Online 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
181
|
Hughes R, Tong J, Oates C, Lordan J, Corris PA. Evidence for Systemic Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients and First-Order Relatives With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2005; 128:617S. [PMID: 16373872 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.6_suppl.617s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hughes
- Regional Cardiothoracic Centre and Regional Medical Physics Department, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, NE7 7DN
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
182
|
Utzschneider KM, Carr DB, Tong J, Wallace TM, Hull RL, Zraika S, Xiao Q, Mistry JS, Retzlaff BM, Knopp RH, Kahn SE. Resistin is not associated with insulin sensitivity or the metabolic syndrome in humans. Diabetologia 2005; 48:2330-3. [PMID: 16143861 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/19/2005] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between resistin and insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution and the metabolic syndrome in humans. METHODS We measured plasma resistin levels in 177 non-diabetic subjects (75 male, 102 female; age 32-75 years). BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), adiponectin and leptin levels were also measured. The insulin sensitivity index (S(I)) was quantified using Bergman's minimal model. Intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SQF) areas were quantified by CT scan. Presence of metabolic syndrome criteria was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. RESULTS When subjects were divided into categories based on BMI (< or > or =27.5 kg/m(2)) and S(I) (< or > or = 7 x 10(-5) min(-1) [pmol/l](-1)), resistin levels did not differ between the lean, insulin-sensitive (n=53, 5.36+/-0.3 ng/ml), lean, insulin-resistant (n=67, 5.70+/-0.4 ng/ml) and obese, insulin-resistant groups (n=48, 5.94+/-0.4 ng/ml; ANOVA p=0.65). Resistin correlated with age (r=-0.22, p<0.01), BMI (r=0.16, p=0.03) and SQF (r=0.19, p=0.01) but not with S(I) (p=0.31) or IAF (p=0.52). Resistin did not correlate with the number of metabolic syndrome criteria or any of the individual metabolic syndrome criteria. In contrast, adiponectin, PAI-1 and leptin each correlated with IAF, SQF and S(I). Additionally, the number of metabolic syndrome criteria correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.32, p<0.001), leptin (r=0.31, p<0.001) and PAI-1 (r=0.26, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In contrast to other adipokines, resistin is only weakly associated with body fat and is unlikely to be a major mediator of insulin resistance or the metabolic syndrome in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Utzschneider
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Howard L, Wessely S, Leese M, Page L, McCrone P, Husain K, Tong J, Dowson A. Are investigations anxiolytic or anxiogenic? A randomised controlled trial of neuroimaging to provide reassurance in chronic daily headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1558-64. [PMID: 16227551 PMCID: PMC1739391 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.057851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aims were to investigate (a) whether neuroimaging in patients with chronic daily headache reassures patients or fails to reassure them and/or worsens outcome, impacting on service use, costs, health anxieties, and symptoms, and (b) whether this reassurance process occurs differentially in patients with different levels of psychological morbidity. DESIGN randomised controlled trial; setting: headache clinic in secondary care, South London; participants: 150 patients fulfilling criteria for chronic daily headache, stratified using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); intervention: treatment as usual or the offer of an MRI brain scan; main outcome measures: use of services, costs, and health anxiety. RESULTS Seventy six patients were randomised to the offer of a brain scan and 74 patients to treatment as usual. One hundred and thirty seven (91%) primary care case notes were examined at 1 year, 103 (69%) patients completed questionnaires at 3 months and 96 (64%) at 1 year. Sixty six (44%) patients were HADS positive (scored >11 on either subscale). Patients offered a scan were less worried about a serious cause of the headaches at 3 months (p = 0.004), but this was not maintained at 1 year; other health anxiety measures did not differ by scan status. However, at 1 year HADS positive patients offered a scan cost significantly less, by 465 pounds Sterling (95% confidence interval (CI): -1028 pounds Sterling to -104 pounds Sterling), than such patients not offered a scan, due to lower utilisation of medical resources. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging significantly reduces costs for patients with high levels of psychiatric morbidity, possibly by changing subsequent referral patterns of the general practitioner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Howard
- Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Tong J, Laport G, Lowsky R. Rhabdomyolysis after concomitant use of cyclosporine and simvastatin in a patient transplanted for multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:739-40. [PMID: 16086041 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
185
|
Tong J, McNeely MJ, Hull RL, Carr DB, Utzschneider KM, Shofer JB, Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY. 318 INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT PREDICTS FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN NON-DIABETIC JAPANESE-AMERICANS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
186
|
Utzschneider KM, Prigeon RL, Carr DB, Tong J, Hull RL, Knopp RH, Kahn SE. 167 EVIDENCE FOR A HYPERBOLIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND THE INSULIN RESPONSE DERIVED FROM AN ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
187
|
Page LA, Howard LM, Husain K, Tong J, Dowson AJ, Weinman J, Wessely SC. Psychiatric morbidity and cognitive representations of illness in chronic daily headache. J Psychosom Res 2004; 57:549-55. [PMID: 15596161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) attending a headache clinic. Our hypothesis was that patients with anxiety or depression would have poorer functional status and differing cognitive representations of illness than would those without psychiatric morbidity. METHODS The sample consisted of 144 consecutive new patients. Patients underwent a semistructured interview and completed a prospective headache diary, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and other health-related questionnaires. RESULTS Sixty patients (42%) were probable cases of anxiety or depression on the basis of their HADS score. These HADS-positive cases had longer, more severe headaches, were more worried about them, were more functionally impaired and believed that their illness would last longer. Principal components analysis revealed that the HADS-positive cases believed that psychological factors play a role in their headaches. CONCLUSIONS Psychological morbidity is high amongst CDH patients who attend specialist clinics. In addition to identifying those with high levels of psychological distress, the HADS can be used to predict those likely to have worse headaches and poorer functional ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Page
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, P.O. Box 50, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
188
|
Tong J, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, Weigle DS, McNeely MJ, Leonetti DL, Shofer JB, Boyko EJ. 291 PREDICTORS FOR INCREASED VISCERAL ADIPOSITY AT 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP IN NON-DIABETIC JAPANESE-AMERICANS. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
189
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study determined the tensile properties of 18-gauge stainless steel wire, 5-mm woven polyester (Mersilene) tape, and multiple loop configurations of No. 5 braided polyester suture (Ethibond). DESIGN Mechanical property testing. INTERVENTION Single loops of stainless steel wire, Mersilene, and Ethibond were tested to determine their mechanical properties. Ethibond was tested with different numbers of loops and different knot configurations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Stiffness, load at failure, and elongation at failure. RESULTS One loop of Mersilene and two loops of Ethibond had similar loads at failure, but the load at failure was significantly higher for stainless steel wire. Four loops of Ethibond withstood a similar failure load to stainless steel wire, but the failure load of the Ethibond suture was greater than the yield load of stainless steel wire. Stainless steel wire had a higher stiffness than both Ethibond and Mersilene. No difference was found in the failure load between different Ethibond knot configurations. The individually tied suture configuration resulted in a higher stiffness than the single-knot configuration. The elongation at failure was not statistically different among the different knot configurations and materials, with the exception of Mersilene tape. Mersilene tape demonstrated a significant increase in elongation at failure as compared to the other materials and knot configurations. CONCLUSION It appears that multiple loops of Ethibond can substitute for stainless steel wire in situations where a compliant repair is suitable (support of a patellar tendon repair), but may not be satisfactory for rigid fixation (tension band fixation of a fracture). There appears to be no significant difference in strength but a small decrease in stiffness between tying multiple suture loops in one knot as opposed to individual knots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Harrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7055, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Tong J, Wang Z, Yu X, Wu Q, Chu K. Cross-species amplification in silver carp and bighead carp with microsatellite primers of common carp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
191
|
Xu Y, Tong J, Wang Y, Lin N, Qian S. [Studies on the antifertility effect of bis-trichloromethyl sulfone and its reversibility in male rats]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2002; 33:1-4. [PMID: 11938926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bis-trichloromethyl sulfone(BTS) given p.o. to male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 10 mg.kg-1.d-1, 6 days a week for 8 weeks(or 30 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 4 weeks), was found to lead to infertility. The density and, in particular, the motility of the spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0.001). The body weight, the sex behavior, the blood testosterone level and the histology of important organs were not significantly different from those of the control rats. Fertility started to recover 4 weeks after cessation of medication and was entirely recovered 2 more weeks later in rats having received BTS for 8 weeks at the dose of 30 mg.kg-1.d-1. In vitro study showed that BTS at a concentration of 0.31 mg.ml-1 would make rat spermatozoa immobile within 20 seconds. These results indicate that BTS has both antifertility effect in male rats and direct inhibitory effect on rat spermatozoa. We conclude that nontoxic doses of BTS can induce reversible infertility in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Jiangsu Family Planning Institute, Nanjing 210029
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
192
|
Tong J, Chu KH. [Genome mapping in aquatic animals: progress and future perspectives]. Genetika 2002; 38:739-750. [PMID: 12138773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The genome of aquatic animals is poorly understood and information from different taxonomic groups is sketchy. While there have been intensive genomic studies on some fish models, investigations on other fishes and invertebrates have been scarce. Yet there are recently some coordinated studies on genome mapping in a number of aquaculture animals of economic importance. This review summarizes information available on genome mapping of the important fish models and aquaculture animals. The future perspectives of this field of studies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
193
|
Abstract
AIM To examine the efficacy of family focused cognitive behaviour therapy for 11-18 year olds with chronic fatigue syndrome. METHODS Twenty three patients were offered family focused cognitive behaviour therapy. The main outcome was a fatigue score of less than 4 and attendance at school 75% of the time. RESULTS Twenty patients completed treatment. Eighteen had completed all measures at six months follow up; 15 of these (83%) improved according to our predetermined criterion. Substantial improvements in social adjustment, depression, and fear were noted. CONCLUSIONS Family focused cognitive behaviour therapy was effective in improving functioning and reducing fatigue in 11-18 year olds. Gains were maintained at six months follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Chalder
- Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, 103 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
|
195
|
Tong J, Killeen M, Steven R, Binns KL, Culotti J, Pawson T. Netrin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the UNC-5 family of netrin receptors and induces Shp2 binding to the RCM cytodomain. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40917-25. [PMID: 11533026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103872200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-5 and its mammalian homologues such as RCM are receptors for the secreted axon guidance cue UNC-6/netrin and are required to mediate the repulsive effects of UNC-6/netrin on growth cones. We find that C. elegans UNC-5 and mouse RCM are phosphorylated on tyrosine in vivo. C. elegans UNC-5 tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced in unc-6 null mutants, and RCM tyrosine phosphorylation is induced by netrin-1 in transfected HEK-293 cells, demonstrating that phosphorylation of UNC-5 proteins is enhanced by UNC-6/netrin stimulation in both worms and mammalian cells. An activated Src tyrosine kinase induces phosphorylation of RCM at multiple cytoplasmic tyrosine residues creating potential binding sites for cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Indeed, the NH2-terminal SH2 domain of the Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase bound specifically to a Tyr(568) RCM phosphopeptide. Furthermore, Shp2 associated with RCM in a netrin-dependent manner in transfected cells, and co-immunoprecipitated with RCM from an embryonic mouse brain lysate. A Y568F mutant RCM receptor failed to bind Shp2 and was more highly phosphorylated on tyrosine than the wild type receptor. These results suggest that netrin-stimulated phosphorylation of RCM Tyr(568) recruits Shp2 to the cell membrane where it can potentially modify RCM phosphorylation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
196
|
Allenspach EJ, Cullinan P, Tong J, Tang Q, Tesciuba AG, Cannon JL, Takahashi SM, Morgan R, Burkhardt JK, Sperling AI. ERM-dependent movement of CD43 defines a novel protein complex distal to the immunological synapse. Immunity 2001; 15:739-50. [PMID: 11728336 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The large mucin CD43 is actively excluded from T cell/APC interaction sites, concentrating in a membrane domain distal to the site of TCR engagement. The cytoplasmic region of CD43 was necessary and sufficient for this antipodal movement. ERM cytoskeletal adaptor proteins colocalized with CD43 in this domain. An ERM dominant-negative mutant blocked the distal accumulation of CD43 and another known ERM binding protein, Rho-GDI. Inhibition of ERM function decreased the production of IL-2 and IFNgamma, without affecting PKC(theta) focusing or CD69 upregulation. These results indicate that ERM proteins organize a complex distal to the T cell/APC interaction site and provide evidence that full T cell activation may involve removal of inhibitory proteins from the immunological synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Allenspach
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Wybenga-Groot LE, Baskin B, Ong SH, Tong J, Pawson T, Sicheri F. Structural basis for autoinhibition of the Ephb2 receptor tyrosine kinase by the unphosphorylated juxtamembrane region. Cell 2001; 106:745-57. [PMID: 11572780 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Eph receptor tyrosine kinase family is regulated by autophosphorylation within the juxtamembrane region and the kinase activation segment. We have solved the X-ray crystal structure to 1.9 A resolution of an autoinhibited, unphosphorylated form of EphB2 comprised of the juxtamembrane region and the kinase domain. The structure, supported by mutagenesis data, reveals that the juxtamembrane segment adopts a helical conformation that distorts the small lobe of the kinase domain, and blocks the activation segment from attaining an activated conformation. Phosphorylation of conserved juxtamembrane tyrosines would relieve this autoinhibition by disturbing the association of the juxtamembrane segment with the kinase domain, while liberating phosphotyrosine sites for binding SH2 domains of target proteins. We propose that the autoinhibitory mechanism employed by EphB2 is a more general device through which receptor tyrosine kinases are controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Wybenga-Groot
- Program in Molecular Biology and Cancer, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Ontario M5G 1X5, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
198
|
Xia ZH, Guo WS, Tang XD, Wang XM, Tong J, You J, Cai YP, Lu Y. [Selective isolation of anethole from volatile oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill by inclusion crystalline with chela-shape host]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2001; 36:672-5. [PMID: 12580105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To isolate the components from the volatile oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. METHODS According to the function of molecular recognition of supramolecular chemistry, chela shape molecule, trans-1, 2-biphenyl-1, 2-acenaphthendiol was used as host molecule and the volatile oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill as guest molecule. Trans-1, 2-biphenyl-1, 2-acenaphthendiol can recognize the components that endowed with interactional complementarity and form inclusion compound as crystals. RESULTS The anethole in the volatile oil was selectively included as trans-1,2-biphenyl-1,2-acenaphthendiol which was obtained in pure state from the inclusion compound by Kugelrohr vacuum technology. The formation of inclusion compound was confirmed by means of IR and powder XRD. The structure of the selectively isolated component was elucidated as trans-anethole by means of IR, 1HMMR and MS. CONCLUSION The experimental results showed that the method is simple, rapid and selective for isolation anethole from volatile oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z H Xia
- Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Abstract
Although the cerebral cortical dopamine D(1) receptor is considered to play a role in normal and abnormal brain function, little information is available on its characteristics in human brain. We compared dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in homogenates of cerebral cortex (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and cingulate cortex) of autopsied brain of neurologically normal subjects to that in striatum. Cerebral cortical AC activity was modestly and dose-dependently stimulated by dopamine (maximal 20-30%) with low microM EC50s and such stimulation was inhibited by the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. The magnitude of the maximal stimulation by dopamine was similar in autopsied and biopsied cerebral cortex. The extent of maximal stimulation was similar to that in dopamine-rich striatum (caudate, putamen and nucleus accumbens), despite much lower density of dopamine D1 receptors in cerebral cortex vs. striatum. The EC50 for dopamine stimulation in cerebral cortex (approximately 1 microM) was lower than that for caudate and putamen (approximately 3 microM). No detectable dopamine stimulation was observed in cerebellar cortex, thalamus or hippocampus. Dopamine stimulation in both cerebral cortex and striatum was independent of calcium activation. We conclude that dopamine stimulated AC can be measured in cerebral cortex of human brain allowing for the possibility that this process can be examined in human brain disorders in which dopaminergic abnormalities are suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Tong
- Human Neurochemical Pathology Laboratory, Center for Addiction and Mental Health-Clarke Division, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
200
|
Lazo GR, Tong J, Miller R, Hsia C, Rausch C, Kang Y, Anderson OD. Software scripts for quality checking of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencers. Biotechniques 2001; 30:1300-5. [PMID: 11414222 DOI: 10.2144/01306bc03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a graphical interface to allow the researcher to view and assess the quality of sequencing results using a series of program scripts developed to process data generated by automated sequencers. The scripts are written in Perl programming language and are executable under the cgibin directory of a Web server environment. The scripts direct nucleic acid sequencing trace file data output from automated sequencers to be analyzed by the phred molecular biology program and are displayed as graphical hypertext mark-up language (HTML) pages. The scripts are mainly designed to handle 96-well microtiter dish samples, but the scripts are also able to read data from 384-well microtiter dishes 96 samples at a time. The scripts may be customized for different laboratory environments and computer configurations. Web links to the sources and discussion page are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Lazo
- USDA ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|