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Yang X, Wu Y, Gu L, Chen G, Cheng C, Yang J, Weng Y, Zhong W, Liao R, Xiao P. P-645 A randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant gemicitabine plus carboplatin or cisplatin followed by surgery with surgery alone in Clinical Stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)81138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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152
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Baldocchi DD, Black TA, Curtis PS, Falge E, Fuentes JD, Granier A, Gu L, Knohl A, Pilegaard K, Schmid HP, Valentini R, Wilson K, Wofsy S, Xu L, Yamamoto S. Predicting the onset of net carbon uptake by deciduous forests with soil temperature and climate data: a synthesis of FLUXNET data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2005; 49:377-387. [PMID: 15688192 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-005-0256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 10/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the date of the onset of net carbon uptake by temperate deciduous forest canopies corresponds with the time when the mean daily soil temperature equals the mean annual air temperature. The hypothesis was tested using over 30 site-years of data from 12 field sites where CO(2) exchange is being measured continuously with the eddy covariance method. The sites spanned the geographic range of Europe, North America and Asia and spanned a climate space of 16 degrees C in mean annual temperature. The tested phenology rule was robust and worked well over a 75 day range of the initiation of carbon uptake, starting as early as day 88 near Ione, California to as late as day 147 near Takayama, Japan. Overall, we observed that 64% of variance in the timing when net carbon uptake started was explained by the date when soil temperature matched the mean annual air temperature. We also observed a strong correlation between mean annual air temperature and the day that a deciduous forest starts to be a carbon sink. Consequently we are able to provide a simple phenological rule that can be implemented in regional carbon balance models and be assessed with soil and temperature outputs produced by climate and weather models.
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153
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Blackstock A, Socinski M, Gu L, Wang X, Bogart J, Fitzgerald T, Green M, Vokes E. O-038 Initial pulmonary toxicity evaluation of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) utilizing 74 Gy 3-dimensional (3-D) thoracic radiation in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) randomized phase II trial. Lung Cancer 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(05)80170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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154
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Jaklitsch MT, Gu L, Harpole DH, D’Amico TA, McKenna RJ, Krasna MJ, Kohman LJ, Swanson SJ, Decamp MM, Sugarbaker DJ. Prospective phase II trial of pre-resection thoracoscopic (VATS) restaging following neoadjuvant therapy for IIIA(N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of CALGB 39803. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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155
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Blackstock AW, Socinski MA, Gu L, Rosenman J, Wang X, Bogart J, Vokes E, Green M. Initial pulmonary toxicity evaluation of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) utilizing 74 Gy 3-dimensional (3-D) thoracic radiation in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) randomized phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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156
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Perry MC, Kohman L, Bonner J, Gu L, Wang X, Vokes E, Green MR. Updated analysis of a phase III study of surgical resection and chemotherapy (paclitaxel/carboplatin) (CT) with or without adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for resected stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CALGB 9734. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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157
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Tanimoto H, Shigemasa K, Tian X, Gu L, Beard JB, Sawasaki T, O'Brien TJ. Transmembrane serine protease TADG-15 (ST14/Matriptase/MT-SP1): expression and prognostic value in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:278-83. [PMID: 15611789 PMCID: PMC2361855 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated differentially expressed gene-15 (TADG-15/ST14/matriptase/MT-SP1) is a novel member of the transmembrane serine proteases. Previous studies indicated that TADG-15 is overexpressed in ovarian tumours; however, relationships between expression of TADG-15 and clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine TADG-15 expression in ovarian cancers and determine any associations with clinicopathological characteristics or patient survival. Immunohistochemical study revealed that TADG-15 was expressed in 50 (56.2%) of 89 ovarian carcinomas, whereas it was not detected in normal ovaries. TADG-15 expression was significantly more common in patients with early stage disease compared with patients with advanced stage diseases (namely, stage I, 24 out of 33: 72.7%; stage II/III/IV, 26 out of 56: 46.4%; P=0.0157). Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with TADG-15-positive tumours have had substantially longer survival (P=0.0480). The mean value of relative TADG-15 mRNA expression ratio was significantly higher in stage I tumours than in stage II/III/IV tumours (P=0.0053). Increased expression of TADG-15 is frequently detected in early stage cancers, with expression level downregulated during progression of disease. TADG-15 is associated with early stage ovarian cancer and longer patient survival; therefore, it may be a favourable prognostic marker for this malignancy.
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Elías AL, Rodríguez-Manzo JA, McCartney MR, Golberg D, Zamudio A, Baltazar SE, López-Urías F, Muñoz-Sandoval E, Gu L, Tang CC, Smith DJ, Bando Y, Terrones H, Terrones M. Production and characterization of single-crystal FeCo nanowires inside carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:467-472. [PMID: 15755096 DOI: 10.1021/nl0479583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of novel monocrystalline FeCo nanowires encapsulated inside multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). These FeCo nanowires exhibit homogeneous Fe and Co concentrations and do not contain an external oxide layer due to the presence of insulating nanotube layers. The method involves the aerosol thermolysis of toluene-ferrocene-cobaltocene solutions in inert atmospheres. The materials have been carefully characterized using state-of-the-art high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), electron diffraction, HREELS-STM elemental mapping, X-ray powder diffraction, and SQUID magnetometry. We noted that the formation of FeCo alloys occurs at relatively low pyrolytic temperatures (e.g., 650-750 degrees C). These single-crystal nanowires, which have not been reported hitherto, always exhibit the FeCo (110) plane parallel to the carbon nanotube axis. The FeCo nanomaterials have shown large coercive fields at room temperature (e.g., 900 Oe). We envisage that these aligned ferromagnetic nanowires could be used in the fabrication of high-density magnetic storage devices and magnetic composites.
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159
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Chen J, Wang Y, Kunkel G, Zhao H, Xue H, Xie X, Li L, Xu C, Shen L, Gu L. Use of CD34+ autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of children with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2005; 24:464-8. [PMID: 15662487 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-004-1065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on the unique effects and benefits of autologous stem cell transplantation in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and describe this procedure in two young girls with severe and refractory disease. The patients' stem cells were mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and collected by CS-3000 Blood Cell Separator (Baxter Healthcare, Round Lake, Ill., USA), and the CliniMACS CD34+ cell selection device (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) was used to obtain CD34+ cells. A total of 1.7x10(6) and 1.0x10(6)/kg CD34+ cells were obtained, with 2.0x10(5) and 1.0x10(4)/kg of CD3+ cells remaining, respectively. The conditioning regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg per day for 4 days) plus antithymocyte globulin (ATG-Fresenius, 5 mg/kg per day for 3 days). Neutrophil counts recovered within 9 days in both cases. Within 15 days, the platelet counts recovered and were sustained over 100x10(9)/l. Cushingoid features disappeared completely 3 months after transplantation because of the removal of corticosteroid medication. One 13-year-old child increased her height by 5 cm in 6 months after stopping steroids. She had not increased her height in her previous 7 years of disease. As of the time of this report, the first patient remains in clinical and laboratory remission for nearly 4 years, while the second suffered a relapse of thrombocytopenia 9 months post-transplantation. One residual effect of their treatment is that their CD4+ cell counts remained in the lower range after one year of transplant. The effect of this conditioning regimen plus CD34+ autologous stem cell transplantation on these two children with refractory SLE was beneficial, but long-term follow-up data and additional experience with this procedure are required. Autologous stem cell transplantation may limit the long-term toxicity of therapy in childhood SLE.
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160
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Gu L, Liew CV, Heng PWS. Wet Spheronization by Rotary Processing—A Multistage Single‐Pot Process for Producing Spheroids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:111-23. [PMID: 15089045 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120028706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spheronization is an agglomerative size enlargement process for producing spherical agglomerates that have many technological and therapeutical advantages. Rotary processing is an efficient multistage, single-pot spheroid production method. The rotary processor can be used for spheroid production, drying as well as coating. In the course of spheroid production, centrifugal, fluidizing, and gravitational forces act upon the product from different directions and collectively contribute to the spheroid formation process during rotary processing. The outcome of the process depends on the complex interactions between the equipment, formulation, and process variables.
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161
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Cunningham MJ, Roos C, Gu L, Spolek G. Predicting psychrometric conditions in biocontaminant microenvironments with a microclimate heat and moisture transfer model -- description and field comparison. INDOOR AIR 2004; 14:235-242. [PMID: 15217477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A numerical model is described that is designed to model psychrometric conditions in biocontaminant microenvironments, such as in bedding and the base of carpets for dust-mites, and on the surface of linings for molds. The model is very general and can include room air, other room components, other zones including the outdoors, other rooms and any subfloor space. Mechanical plant can be modeled. Good agreement between modeled and field results are reported for the complex case of an occupied bed and for the microclimate in the base of a carpet, before and after its timber floor above a crawl space was retrofitted with insulation. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Biocontaminants such as dust-mites and molds can pose serious health problems. Understanding microclimates in biocontaminant microhabitats, when coupled with biologic models, will make it possible to predict how the life cycles of these biocontaminants are affected as these conditions change. In turn, this will suggest which interventions that modify indoor climate and microclimate are likely to control these biocontaminants. Furthermore such interventions might include indoor humidity control, changing building insulation and ventilation levels, covering mattresses, use of electric blankets, use of carpet heating, etc. Such models will provide a fast way for screening for interventions that are likely to be effective in the control of biocontaminants.
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162
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Sun Y, Li J, Wu Y, Li L, Gu L, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhang X. Weekly administration of gemcitabine plus docetaxel in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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163
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Vohra S, Lacaze N, Gu L, Shan J, Lee T. 84 Selection of Commercial Echinacea Liquid Extracts for a Clinical Trial in Children: A Pilot Study Conducted on 10 Products Among the most Popular Brands in Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/9.suppl_a.44ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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164
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Pamboukian S, Nisar I, Patel S, Gu L, McLeod M, Trohman R, Dunlap S, Costanzo M, Heroux A. Upgrade from standard right sided pacing to cardiac resynchronization therapy shows clinical benefit as in denovo implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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165
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Pamboukian S, Nisar I, Patel S, Gu L, McLeod M, Dunlap S, Costanzo M, Hayes L, Heroux A. Insurance with medicare/medicaid is associated with non-adherence in heart failure patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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166
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Tambur A, Pamboukian S, Berikai P, Delgado D, Gu L, Herrera N, Dunlap S, Monpetit M, Heroux A. HLA class I & II antibodies post heart transplant are associated with poor allograft outcome. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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167
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Hu C, Gu L, Li Y, Jin S. [Evaluation of penicilloyl proteins of allergic impurity in gene engineering drugs]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2002; 33:92-7. [PMID: 11938956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that penicillins are necessary for prevention of contamination during cell culture or fermentation in the production of gene engineering drugs. As penicillins are easily combined with proteins forming allergic impurities, the benzyl penicilloyl proteins in aqueous solution, an evaluation system should be established for control of the gene engineering drugs. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity and high sensitivity in vitro, by which the conjugated penicillins of 0.3 ppm in a sample could be detected and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test, a classical method for evaluation of allergic reaction in vivo are integral parts of this system. Some domestic gene engineering drugs such as erythropoietin (EPO), G-CSF, GM-CSF and 125SerIL-2 are evaluated with this system. No matter whether the expression products was produced in secretion manner or in inclusion body, it was possible that some residues of allergic impurities may remain in the finished products if an unsuitable process of isolation and purification was used. The maximum absolute content of the conjugated penicillins in a sample was up to about one per thousand.
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168
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Zheng X, Pei G, Qiu Y, Zhu L, Gu L. Dynamic observation of serum cytokines in the patients with hand transplantation. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:3405-9. [PMID: 12493483 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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169
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170
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Seeger FH, Blessing E, Gu L, Bornhold R, Denger S, Kreuzer J. Fibrinogen induces chemotactic activity in endothelial cells. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2002; 176:109-15. [PMID: 12354170 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2002.01023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotaxis of blood monocytes into the vessel wall together with the change of the relative content of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins at sites of predilection is an early cellular marker of atherogenesis. To examine the influence of ECM proteins on secretion of chemoattractants by endothelial cells (EC), porcine EC were seeded on gelatin (G), fibronectin (Fn) and fibrinogen (Fg). After 24 h cells seeded on G and Fn showed the histiotypic 'cobblestone'-morphology whereas cells seeded on Fg did not. Chemotactic activity for monocytes in supernatants from cells seeded on Fg was more than two-fold higher compared with G and was independent of soluble Fn or Fg in the supernatant. Quantification of monocyte chemoattracting protein-1, PDGF-AB and IL-8 in EC supernatants showed that Fg led to a significant increase in secretion of all three proteins compared with cells cultured on G. Preincubation of porcine EC with the tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, as inhibitor of binding of Fg to integrin receptors, but not with the control tripeptide arginine-glycine-glutamic acid showed a decrease in chemotactic activity for cells cultured on Fg but not on Fn or G. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity in EC by GF109203 resulted in a decrease of fibrinogen-induced chemotactic activity. Also the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor herbimycin inhibited fibrinogen mediated secretion of chemokines. The role of the PKC pathway for matrix mediated signal transduction is further corroborated by Fg-dependent induction of the PKC isoform delta. These data indicate an integrin-dependent signal transduction pathway leading to induction of chemotactic activity by the ECM protein fibrinogen. This mechanism may contribute to induction of chemokines in early atherosclerotic lesions.
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171
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Liew C, Gu L, Heng P. The influence of operational variables on mean size and size distribution of spheroids produced by rotary spheronization using teardrop studs. Int J Pharm 2002; 242:345-8. [PMID: 12176276 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The rotary processor can be used for single step spheroid production directly from powder with multiple formulation and process variables involved. In this study, a frictional base plate with teardrop studs was used. Four selected independent variables, base plate rotational speed during liquid addition (A), spray rate of water (B), total amount of water added (C) and base plate rotational speed during the tumbling stage (D), were put into an orthogonal design with three levels for each variable. Mean spheroid size and size distribution were used as the response variables to evaluate the effect of these independent variables. The variables C and D were identified as more important among the four variables and should be at optimal levels for producing good quality spheroids.
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172
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Heng PWS, Liew CV, Gu L. Influence of teardrop studs on rotating frictional base plate on spheroid quality in rotary spheronization. Int J Pharm 2002; 241:173-84. [PMID: 12086733 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of teardrop-shaped studs on the quality of rotary processed spheroids were investigated. The spheroids were produced under similar conditions using three rotating frictional base plates with teardrop studs of different height, volume, cross-sectional area and surface area. Spheroid properties were rated by size, size distribution, shape, friability and density. The amounts of lumps and fines produced, and the adhesion of material on the rotating frictional base plates was also looked into. The dimension of the teardrop studs on the rotating frictional base plate affected spheroid quality. The resultant shear forces and energy input during rotary spheronization differed depending on the different height, volume, cross-sectional area and surface area of studs. With the increase in height, volume, cross-sectional area and surface area of studs on the frictional base plate, the mass median diameter, e(R) and circularity of spheroids increased with corresponding decrease in span, lumps and fines. Although the frictional base plate with shortest studs had little adhesion, it may not supply enough shear force and energy input for the spheronization process, resulting in a less stable process. A balance between energy input and adhesion on the rotating frictional base plate was needed in order to optimize the production of spheroids by rotary processing.
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173
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Gu L, Zhu S, Hrymak AN. Synthesis and flocculation performance of graft copolymer of N -vinylformamide and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride macromonomer. Colloid Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-001-0596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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174
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Bárány M, Barron JT, Gu L, Bárány K. Exchange of the actin-bound nucleotide in intact arterial smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:48398-403. [PMID: 11602582 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106227200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin-bound ADP was separated from cytoplasmic nucleotides by treatment of intact arterial smooth muscle with 50% ethanol. In (32)P-labeled smooth muscle the actin-bound ADP and phosphate readily exchanged with the cytoplasmic [gamma,beta-(32)P]ATP; the specific radioactivity of actin-bound ADP was equal to that of the beta-phosphate of cytoplasmic ATP and the specific radioactivity of actin-bound phosphate was equal to that of the gamma-phosphate of cytoplasmic ATP. In contrast, the exchange of the actin-bound ADP in skeletal muscle was very slow. The presence of cytoplasmic ATP was required for the exchange of the actin-bound ADP and phosphate; if ATP synthesis was inhibited the exchange was also inhibited. The extent of exchange was reduced in muscles contracted by histamine or K(+), as compared with resting muscles. The exchange was also shown in other mammalian smooth muscles, uterus, urinary bladder, and stomach. The data indicate a dynamic state of actin in smooth muscle. The data also suggest that polymerization-depolymerization of actin is part of the contraction-relaxation cycle of smooth muscle.
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175
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Gu L, Wu Y, Feng W, Weng Y, Cheng C, Zhong W, Huang S. [Clinical value of the symptom-relieving operation in multimodality therapy of stage IIIB and IV lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:407-9. [PMID: 21106144 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the clinical value of the symptom-relieving operation in multimodality therapy of stage IIIB and IV lung cancer for rising quality of life and prolonging survival time. METHODS The pain incidence rate, fraction of Karnofsky and anesthesia, clinical effect of treatment and survival rate of 29 cases were statistically analysed using SPSS software, in multimodality therapy of stage IIIB and IV lung cancer, before and after symptom-relieving operation. The difference between before and after operation was compared with Chi-Square and t test. The survival rate was calculate with Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The complete remission rate for cases of malignant pleural effusion and pericardial effusion was 100% ( 15/ 15) . The 1-year survival rate was 66. 67%, mean survival time was 13. 81± 1. 61 months, and median survival time was 16. 00 months. The 1-year survival rate of cases with bone metastasis was 20. 0%, mean survival time was 9. 90± 0. 99 months, median survival time was 10. 00 months. After therapy, the pain incidence rate of all patients was decreased from 89. 7% to 34. 5% ( P < 0. 001) ; Karnofsky score was increased from 58. 28 ± 2. 17 to 82. 41± 1. 54( P < 0. 001) ; fraction of anesthesia was decreased from 5. 17± 0. 53 to 1. 45± 0. 38 ( P < 0. 001) . CONCLUSIONS The symptom-relieving operation for metastasis lesion can rise the quality of life, prolong survival time, decrease dependence of anesthetic and analgesic drugs in multimodality therapy of stage IIIB and IV lung cancer.
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176
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Ji Y, Guan H, Gu L. [The significance of thrombosis after experimental pulmonary thromboembolism]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2001; 24:718-21. [PMID: 11930698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the significance of thrombosis after experimental pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). METHODS Acute PTE models of rabbits were established with injection of autologous blood clots (0.04 g/kg) stabilized in a temperature-controlled (70 degrees C) of distilled water for 10 minutes through the femoral vein, then the regulation of thrombosis was explored at dissection and upon microscopic examination after PTE. Moreover, the coagulability of blood and the plasma level of thromboxane A2(TXA2) and endothelin (ET) were examined. RESULTS Thrombotic propensity was found at 1 h, and fresh thrombosis started to form at 24 h following clots infusion. Emboli were completely or partly dissolved at 5 d and organized at 10 and 14 d after clots infused. Prothrombin time was significantly lower [(7.15 +/- 0.06)s], and fibrinogen was higher [(5.86 +/- 1.50) g/L] at 24 h post-clots, compared with pre-clots [(7.34 +/- 0.19)s, (3.37 +/- 1.02) g/L] (P < 0.05). Venous plasma level of TXA2 began to increase at 5 min [(2.5 +/- 0.7) micrograms/L] and continued to rise to its maximum at 15 min [(2.5 +/- 0.6) micrograms/L], then declined at 60 min after clots infusion. The level of ET in both arterial and venous blood increased at 5 d post-clots [(0.84 +/- 0.15) micrograms/L and (0.23 +/- 0.05) micrograms/L] separately, while most of emboli resolved. CONCLUSIONS There is thrombus formation after autologous-blood-clots-induced PTE. Furthermore, thrombus formation, fibrinolysis and organization may always interact on each other consistently, and control the pathogenesis of PTE. Abnormalities of ET metabolism occur after PTE and the major mediator of TXA2 plays an important role in the early phase of PTE.
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177
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Gu L, Chen J, Liu T, Li L, Lu Z, Luo Y. [Detection of the expression of Smad4, transforming growth factor beta(1) and beta receptor II proteins in paraffin-embedded human pancreatic cancer tissues]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 30:439-42. [PMID: 11866987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between Smad4, TGF beta1 and TbetaR II in the TGF-beta pathway and the possible mechanisms by which they effect pancreatic carcinoma. METHODS The expression of Smad4, TGF beta1 and TbetaR II in paraffin embedded pancreatic carcinoma tissues was detected by using antibodies against Smad4, TGF beta1 and TbetaR II with EnVision immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The positive rates of Smad4, TGF beta1 and TbetaR II were 58.93% (33), 66.07% (37) and 60.71% (34), respectively. The positive rates of the above three proteins in matched normal pancreatic tissues were 89.29% (50), 25.00% (14) and 25.00% (14) respectively. There was a significant relationship between the expression of TGF beta1, clinical stage and the metastasis of the tumor (P < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the expressions of TGF beta1 and TbetaR II (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of Smad4 in pancreatic carcinoma tissue is significantly decreased but the expression of TGF beta1 and TbetaR II are increased. Smad4 may play an important role in the regulation of TGFbeta inducible gene expression and subsequent growth inhibition, but TGFbeta may also act in a Smad4-independent manner.
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Gu L, Wang S, De Mattos CA. [Molecular epidemiological characterization of rabies virus isolated from Guangxi]. ZHONGHUA SHI YAN HE LIN CHUANG BING DU XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA SHIYAN HE LINCHUANG BINGDUXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL VIROLOGY 2001; 15:335-8. [PMID: 11986719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the genotype of rabies virus isolated from different areas in Guangxi at different time. METHODS mRNA of 8 Guangxi isolates, 1 Anhui isolates and 10 isolates from different countries of rabies virus were amplified by reverse transcription polymerse chain reaction (TR-PCR),and the products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out by phylip program. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis showed that 8 Guangxi isolates were related regionally, the homologic difference was lower than 2% among the isolates of the same area; higher than 15% among the isolates of two different areas.8 Guangxi isolates belonged to genotype A1, A2 a and A2 b; 10 chb of Guangxi isolates and thbkrb 2123 and thdg 2933 of Thailand isolates belonged to genotype A2 b, while Guangxi isolates were different from isolates of USA, Mexico and South Africa, which all belonging to genotype B. CONCLUSIONS There are at least three groups of rabies virus based on limited sequencing of N gene in Guangxi.
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Gu L, Gu W. Characterisation of soy isoflavones and screening for novel malonyl glycosides using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:377-82. [PMID: 11793816 DOI: 10.1002/pca.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2000] [Accepted: 12/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
HPLC combined with electrospray ionisation (ESI)-MS and photodiode array detection has been employed to study the isoflavone components of soy. All of the known soy isoflavones separated by HPLC were identified and characterised, and three novel isoflavones were detected and screened out. These minor isoflavones were deduced to be isomers of 6"-O-malonyl isoflavone glycosides, based on the ESI-MS and UV data, in which the malonyl group is attached at a position other than the 6" position of the glycosyl moiety of the molecule. These novel malonyl glycosides are as thermally labile as the 6"-O-malonyl glycosides, being converted into known isoflavone glycosides after heating in aqueous ethanol. The advantages of HPLC-ESI-MS in detection of novel isoflavones from plant extracts are reviewed.
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180
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Tang F, Zhou J, Gu L. [In vivo and in vitro effects of selenium-enriched garlic on growth of human gastric carcinoma cells]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2001; 23:461-4. [PMID: 11859710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of selenium-enriched garlic (Se-garlic), garlic, Na2SeO3, and garlic + Na2SeO3 on growth of human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS In vivo and in vitro assays were carried out in the cultured human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC803 transplanted in the nude mice by cell count, flow cytometry, Western blot and neoplasm volume measurement. RESULTS The inhibition effect of garlic was similar to that of Se-garlic, but Na2SeO3 was weaker than Se-garlic. Combination of garlic and Na2SeO3 was stronger than Se-garlic. In flow cytometry assay, the proportion of G1 phase was increased after 24 hour treatment of Se-garlic, garlic and Na2SeO3 in the non-synchronized cells. However, the proportion of S phase was increased in the synchronized cells. The proportion of G2 + M phase was increased both in non-synchronized and synchronized cells on treatment with the combination of garlic and Na2SeO3. The amount of Cdk2-CyclinE complex and Cdk4-CyclinD1 complex was decreased in all treated synchronized cells in immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays. The growth of MGC803 tumor in male Balb/c nude mice was inhibited by administration of 1.67% of Se-garlic (Se 2 micrograms/g) in diet with an inhibition rate of 29.92% in tumor weight. Treatment of either 0.83% of Se-garlic or 1.67% of garlic or 4.38 micrograms/g of Na2SeO3 (Se 2 micrograms/g) could not appreciably inhibit the growth of tumor. Wrapping of a number of monocytes around the tumor was induced in 62.50% of tumors in 0.83% of the Se-garlic group. CONCLUSION In vitro, Se-garlic is able to inhibit the growth of MGC803 cell through action of garlic. In vivo, Segarlic is able to inhibit growth of MGC803 tumor in nude mice by being better than garlic and selenite.
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Barron JT, Gu L, Parrillo JE. Endothelial- and nitric oxide-dependent effects on oxidative metabolism of intact artery. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1506:204-11. [PMID: 11779553 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism and its possible modulation by nitric oxide (NO) was examined in endothelial-intact and endothelial-denuded segments of porcine carotid arteries. Endothelial-intact arteries displayed appropriate NO-mediated vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh). Endothelial-denuded arteries demonstrated absent vasorelaxation to ACh stimulation and depressed contractile responsiveness to K(+) depolarization, which was normalized by inhibition of NO synthesis by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME). Confirmation that carotid arteries continued to produce NO despite removal of the endothelium was indicated by detection of NO metabolites in the incubation medium bathing the arteries. O(2) consumption and the oxidation of glucose and fatty acid were depressed in endothelial-denuded arteries. Depression of O(2) consumption and glucose oxidation was completely reversed by treatment with L-NAME. We conclude that endogenous NO produced by non-endothelial vascular cells depresses contractility, O(2) consumption, and oxidation of energy substrates in vascular smooth muscle. The endothelium may play a role in oxidative metabolism of vascular smooth muscle possibly by modulating the effects of NO produced by other cells of the vessel wall, or by other factors.
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182
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Gu L, Wu Y. [Application of thoracoscope on the diagnosis and multimodality therapy of lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2001; 4:257-262. [PMID: 21050574 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2001.04.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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183
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Gu L, Chen J, Cui Q. [Alterations in DPC4 gene in pancreatic cancers]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2001; 23:293-5. [PMID: 11783110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the alterations in the DPC4 gene in pancreatic cancers. METHODS Five pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P7) and 11 fresh frozen pancreatic cancer tissues were monitored with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to demonstrate the sequence of deletion and mutation in 6 exons (1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 11) of the DPC4 gene. RESULTS Mutation in the DPC4 gene was found in 3 of 5 cells lines (P1, P2, and P3). Three of eleven fresh-frozen tissues showed homozygous deletions and two showed intragenic mutations, with a gene alteration frequency of 45.5% (5/11). CONCLUSION Alterations in tumor-suppressor gene DPC4 may play an important role during the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer.
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Chen JG, Liu XK, Gu L. [A study of the magnification of mandible pantomography image]. SHANGHAI KOU QIANG YI XUE = SHANGHAI JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2001; 10:149-50. [PMID: 14994043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the degree of magnification of mandible pantomography image. METHODS The pantomography of 50 mandible specimens marked with lead pellets were taken by TROPHY XL-90C. The distances between each markers on film and in specimen were measured. RESULTS The mean magnification(MM) of mandible pantomography image with TROPHY XL-90C was 1.22. MM of horizontal axle was 1.14. MM of vertical axle was 1.29. MM of horizontal axle was greatest (1.24) in the body of mandible,and lest (1.08) in genion. MM of vertical axle is similar among each regions. MM of vertical axle was greater than that of horizontal axle in all regions. CONCLUSION The MM parameters of mandible pantomography image were useful to estimate the size of mandible lesions and provided a basis for dental implant more exactly.
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185
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Gu L, Zhu S, Hrymak A, Pelton R. Kinetics and modeling of free radical polymerization of N -vinylformamide. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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186
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Ye Q, Gu L, Zhao J, Liang A, Ye Y. [The study on hereditary polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferasein Chinese Han population of Shanghai area]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE YI CHUAN XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA YIXUE YICHUANXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2000; 17:421-3. [PMID: 11110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain an insight into the hereditary polymorphism of thiopurine methyltransferase(TPMT) activity in Chinese Han population of Shanghai. METHODS The present authors measured the erythrocyte TPMT activity in 320 healthy Chinese volunteers and 51 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) by means of radiochemical assay. RESULTS The TPMT activity levels ranged from 4. 32 to 32.33 U/ml pRBCs, with a mean value of (16.64+/-4.50) U/ml pRBCs, male (16.78+/-4.96) U/ml pRBCs, female (16.52+/-4.44) U/ml pRBCs. Eight point one percent of the sample had low activity. The TPMT activity levels for subjects who were <12 years, 13-18 years, 19-45 years and >45 years old were (16.52+/-4.31) U/ml pRBCs, (16. 71+/-4.24) U/ml pRBCs, (16.28+/-5.21) U/ml pRBCs and (17.11+/-3.98) U/ml pRBCs, respectively; the TPMT activity levels for healthy volunteers and patients with ALL were (16.65+/-4.72) U/ml pRBCs and (16.52+/-4.47) U/ml pRBCs, respectively. CONCLUSION There were no differences of TPMT activity in gender, age, and between healthy volunteers and patients with ALL.
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187
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Guo X, Shi Z, Gu L, Zhuang L, Pan H. [Using multiplex PCR for the detection of virulence genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:410-2. [PMID: 11860822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and characterize the virulence genes in E. coli O157:H7 isolated from various reservoir in six areas of Jiangsu province. METHOD The virulence genes of Shiga-like toxin (SLT(1) and SLT(2)), intimin (eaeA) and hemolysin (hlyA) were chosen as the target genes and amplified in multiplex PCR assays. RESULTS Of the eighty-five E. coli O157:H7 strains, the overall virulence gene prevalence was found to be 56.5% (48/85). The prevalence rates virulence genes of isolates from various areas were different from 0% up to 90.5%. It seemed to exist a relationship between the virulence gene prevalence and the level of incidence. In the areas where rates of incidence were divided into high, low, sporadic or zero, the prevalence rates were 85.7% (36/42), 52.6% (10/19) and 8.3% (2/24), respectively. The prevalence rates of isolates were also different from various reservoirs, decreasing by sheep, cattle, pig and poultry. One isolate from a rabbit was positive for SLT(2), eaeA and hly genes. Of forty-eight isolates carrying virulence genes, 38 (79.2%) had SLT(2), eaeA and hly genes, taking the dominate virulence gene pattern, 8 (16.6%) had all of the four virulence genes 2 (4.2%) had both SLT(2) and hly genes respectively. In addition, SLT(1) gene showed a lower prevalence, which was different from some findings abroad. CONCLUSION Since virulence gene pattern of E. coli O157:H7 is an important molecular epidemiological marker, it can provide an useful information for epidemiologic studies, and helpful to the design of prevention and control strategies. For virulence gene detection, multiplex PCR seems to be a simple, rapid, specific and sensitive method.
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188
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Xu Y, Chen J, Liu T, Gu L, Gao J, Li L. [Changes of p16 gene, cyclin D1 gene, and pRb protein in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines]. ZHONGGUO YI XUE KE XUE YUAN XUE BAO. ACTA ACADEMIAE MEDICINAE SINICAE 2000; 22:566-9. [PMID: 12903406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the abnormalities of the relative factors of pRb-p16 cell regulatory pathway in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Five strains of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines were analysed by PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for homozygous deletion and mutation of the p16 gene, respectively. The gene amplification of cyclin D1 was detected by Southern blot analysis and the protein expression of pRb gene was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Homozygous deletion of exon 1 were found in two cell lines and no mutation was found within exon 1 and exon 2 in five cell lines. Cyclin D1 gene amplification was observed in one cell line and all of the five cell lines showed hyper-phosphorylated pRb protein. CONCLUSION These findings have demonstrated that there are abnormalities of pRb-p16 regulatory pathway in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, revealing the alteration of the p16 and cyclin D1 genes.
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Barron JT, Gu L, Parrillo JE. NADH/NAD redox state of cytoplasmic glycolytic compartments in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 279:H2872-8. [PMID: 11087243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.6.h2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic NADH/NAD redox potential affects energy metabolism and contractile reactivity of vascular smooth muscle. NADH/NAD redox state in the cytosol is predominately determined by glycolysis, which in smooth muscle is separated into two functionally independent cytoplasmic compartments, one of which fuels the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. We examined the effect of varying the glycolytic compartments on cystosolic NADH/NAD redox state. Inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase by 10 microM ouabain resulted in decreased glycolysis and lactate production. Despite this, intracellular concentrations of the glycolytic metabolite redox couples of lactate/pyruvate and glycerol-3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate (thus NADH/NAD) and the cytoplasmic redox state were unchanged. The constant concentration of the metabolite redox couples and redox potential was attributed to 1) decreased efflux of lactate and pyruvate due to decreased activity of monocarboxylate B-H(+) transporter secondary to decreased availability of H(+) for cotransport and 2) increased uptake of lactate (and perhaps pyruvate) from the extracellular space, probably mediated by the monocarboxylate-H(+) transporter, which was specifically linked to reduced activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. We concluded that redox potentials of the two glycolytic compartments of the cytosol maintain equilibrium and that the cytoplasmic NADH/NAD redox potential remains constant in the steady state despite varying glycolytic flux in the cytosolic compartment for Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.
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190
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Hirsch HA, Gu L, Henry RW. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein targets distinct general transcription factors to regulate RNA polymerase III gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:9182-91. [PMID: 11094070 PMCID: PMC102176 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.24.9182-9191.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (RB) represses RNA polymerase III transcription effectively both in vivo and in vitro. Here we demonstrate that the general transcription factors snRNA-activating protein complex (SNAP(c)) and TATA binding protein (TBP) are important for RB repression of human U6 snRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase III. RB is associated with SNAP(c) as detected by both coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous RB with SNAP(c) and cofractionation of RB and SNAP(c) during chromatographic purification. RB also interacts with two SNAP(c) subunits, SNAP43 and SNAP50. TBP or a combination of TBP and SNAP(c) restores efficient U6 transcription from RB-treated extracts, indicating that TBP is also involved in RB regulation. In contrast, the TBP-containing complex TFIIIB restores adenovirus VAI but not human U6 transcription in RB-treated extracts, suggesting that TFIIIB is important for RB regulation of tRNA-like genes. These results suggest that different classes of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes have distinct general transcription factor requirements for repression by RB.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human
- Autoradiography
- Cell Extracts
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Chromatography
- Cloning, Molecular
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Models, Genetic
- Precipitin Tests
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA Polymerase III/genetics
- RNA Polymerase III/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoprotein, U4-U6 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- TATA Box
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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191
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Chen J, Falla TJ, Liu H, Hurst MA, Fujii CA, Mosca DA, Embree JR, Loury DJ, Radel PA, Cheng Chang C, Gu L, Fiddes JC. Development of protegrins for the treatment and prevention of oral mucositis: structure-activity relationships of synthetic protegrin analogues. Biopolymers 2000; 55:88-98. [PMID: 10931444 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(2000)55:1<88::aid-bip80>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protegrin antimicrobial peptides possess activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. An extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was conducted on several hundred protegrin analogues to gain understanding of the relationship between the primary and secondary structure of the protegrins and their antimicrobial activities, and to identify a protegrin analogue for clinical development. Native sequence protegrins are cationic, amphiphilic peptides that are characterized by the presence of a beta-sheet structure that is maintained by two disulfide bridges. The presence of the beta-sheet is key to the stability of the protegrin structure; linearized analogues or analogues that have amino acid substitutions that eliminate hydrogen bonding across the beta-sheet have reduced activity, especially in the presence of physiological concentrations of NaCl. Also, maintaining amphiphilicity of the beta-sheet is key; analogues with substitutions of polar amino acids in the hydrophobic face have reduced activity. Analogues with reduced positive charge tend to be less active, an observation that is more marked for gram-negative than gram-positive bacteria, and may implicate binding to lipopolysaccharide as a key mechanistic step in the killing of gram-negative bacteria. A very large number of amino acid substitutions are tolerated by the protegrin structure, implying that overall structural features such as amphiphilicity, charge, and shape are more important to activity than the presence of specific amino acids. This lack of importance of specific stereochemistry is supported by the fact that completely D-amino acid substituted protegrins are fully potent. Based on the SAR studies, and on the microbiological data from an animal model, one protegrin analogue, IB-367, was selected for clinical development as a topical agent to prevent the oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy.
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192
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Grewal I, Gu L, Tseng S, Rollins BJ. Targeted expression of chemokines in vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2000; 138:243-51. [PMID: 10840764 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-058-6:243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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193
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Gu L, Cui Q, Chen J, Li L, Liu T. [Detection of alterations of the DPC4 gene in paraffin-embedded tissues of pancreatic carcinomas]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000; 29:256-8. [PMID: 11866919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the alteration and significance of the DPC4 gene in paraffin-embedded tissues of pancreatic carcinomas. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis were used to search for deletions and mutations in the DPC4 gene in 46 cases of pancreatic carcinomas. RESULTS Thirteen of forty-six (28.3%) cases were found to have homozygous deletions in exon 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11. One was in exon 11, one in exon 1 and 11, one in exon 2 and 3, one in exon 3 and 8, one in exon 1, 2 and 8, one in exon 2, 4 and 11, one in exon 3, 4 and 11, three in exon 3, 4 and 8, one in exon 2, 3, 4, and 8, one in exon 2, 3, 8 and 11, one in exon 2, 3, 4, 8 and 11. Intragenic mutations were found in 10 of 46 cases (21.7%). One case was in exon 1, one in exon 2, three in exon 8, four in exon 11, and one in exon 4 and 11. The total frequency of intragenic changes of DPC4 in paraffin-embedded tissues was 45.6% (21/46). CONCLUSION Inactivation of tumor-suppressor gene DPC4 may play an important role during the tumorigenesis of pancreatic carcinomas.
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Barron JT, Gu L, Rodriguez ER, Parrillo JE. Effect of serum albumin on vascular smooth muscle metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1459:35-48. [PMID: 10924897 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In studies on metabolism of vascular smooth muscle, it was observed that incubation of intact porcine carotid artery strips with 3% bovine or porcine serum albumin had profound effects on the oxidation of substrates and O2 consumption. Arteries incubated over 180 min with charcoal-treated and dialyzed albumin demonstrated time-dependent stimulation of glucose oxidation (145%; P < 0.0001, n=6) and O2 consumption (116%; P< 0.001, n=6). These results were not mimicked by incubation with 3% solutions of ovalbumin or porcine skin gelatin. However, the oxidation of the medium chain fatty acid octanoate was inhibited in the presence of albumin over a broad range of octanoate concentrations (0.5-5.0 mM). Short chain fatty acid oxidation (acetate, 5 mM), in contrast, was not inhibited by albumin. Wash-out of albumin only partially reversed the stimulation of O2 consumption and incubation of arteries with a polyanionic compound, polyethylene sulfonate (5 mg/ml), blunted the stimulatory effect of albumin on O2 consumption. Albumin also produced anaplerosis of the Krebs cycle, and an increase in the content of glutamate and alanine (P < 0.005, n=8). The metabolic effects of albumin were associated with time-dependent uptake of albumin (30.9 +/- 1.5 nmol/g per 210 min; P<0.01, n=15). ATP-dependent proteolysis of the albumin taken up was also observed. These results demonstrate novel and important intracellular effects of serum albumin on energy metabolism of vascular smooth muscle.
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Gu L, Tseng S, Libby P, Rollins B. Chemokines, monocytes, T cells, and the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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196
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Gu L, Ma Z, Dong S, Kuang S, Tong Y, Xue H. [Study on clinical and molecular biological characteristics of infant acute leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:349-51. [PMID: 11877002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical and molecular biological characteristics of infant acute leukemia (IAL). METHODS R and/or G banding technique was used for analysis of karyotype. DNA blotting for HRX gene rearrangement, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for fusion gene detection. RESULTS Twenty cases of IAL were detected. HRX gene rearrangement was found in 10 cases, including HRX/AF-4 fusion gene in 5, HRX/AF-9 fusion in 2, and HRX/ENL fusion in 1, HRX self-fusion mediated by alu-repeat homologous recombination and HRX/EEN fusion each in one (HRX/EEN is a novel fusion gene reported for the first time). CONCLUSION High frequency of HRX gene rearrangement occurred in IAL, which is characterised by a massive leukemia cell burden and 11q23 translocation, forming fusion genes, especially HRX/AF-4 (about 50%). The results are of important significance in guiding clinical treatment and approaching the etiology of IAL.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Blotting, Southern
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Aberrations
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/mortality
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality
- Proto-Oncogenes
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors
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Pei G, Gu L, Yu L. [A preliminary report of two cases of human hand allograft]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2000; 80:417-21. [PMID: 11798796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of reconstruction of amputation by hand allograft in human being. METHODS Two male recipients with traumatic right wrist amputation for 2 years, were matched respectively to two ABO- and Rh-compatible, HLA- half mpatible brain-dead donors. Direct crossmatch was performed to confirm the absence of prior sensitization to alloantigens. After amputation the donor's arm was irrigated with UW organ preservation solution at 4 degrees, and transported in a box with ice. One of the two donor arms was randomly selected and irradiated by 8 gy x-ray before transplantation. The transplantation involved radial and ulnar bone fixation, anastomoses of radial and ulnar artery, sutures of median and ulnar and radial nerves, joining of tendons except flexors digitorum superficialis, and skin closure. After surgery the patients were given wide-spectrum antibiotics, anticoagulation and antispasm agents, and immunosuppressants, which included antithymocyte globins, FK506, mycophenolic acid, prednisone systematically and fluocinolone acetonide ointment locally. Clinical observations included vital signs and circulation of the hands. Immune state was monitored by assaying C-reactive protein, Igs and PRA in the blood. Skin biopsy was done to exclude the dermal rejection. After the surgery the patients received psychotherapy and hand rehabilitation. RESULTS The circulation of the transplanted hands was similar to that of replanted ones. One of the patients developed hyperglycaemia, which required insulin administration. The skin healed naturally. The nerve regeneration were found more rapid by Tinel's sign. At 7 weeks erythema papulatum occurred on the skin, which was cured by withdrawing of fluocinolone acetonide ointment and application of calamine lotion. At 4 months the function of grafted hands recovered well, which could hold a drinking cup. The nerves had grown to the end of fingers and electromyograph showed regenerative action potentials of thenal muscles. Skin biopsy confirmed no rejection. CONCLUSION Ideal histocompatability and combined usage of currently available immunosupressants can prevent hyperacute and accelerating rejection of human hand allograft. The tissues heal and the early function recover similarly to those in autologous replantation.
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Borrello I, Sotomayor EM, Rattis FM, Cooke SK, Gu L, Levitsky HI. Sustaining the graft-versus-tumor effect through posttransplant immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing tumor vaccines. Blood 2000; 95:3011-9. [PMID: 10807763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For many cancers, autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) achieves a minimal residual disease state, yet relapse rates remain high. Using a syngeneic murine bone marrow transplant model, we demonstrate that vaccination with irradiated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing autologous tumor cells is effective in the post-BMT period and actually results in a greater tumor-free survival than vaccination in the nontransplant setting. Employing T cells specific for a model tumor-antigen, we find that transplantation of the tumor-bearing host results in a massive expansion and activation of tumor-specific T cells in the early posttransplant period, but this response rapidly declines in association with tumor progression. Immunization with irradiated GM-CSF tumor cells during the period of immune reconstitution results in the sustained amplification and activation of this response that closely correlates with freedom from relapse. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating GM-CSF vaccines in the postautologous BMT setting and suggest mechanisms that may contribute to the observed efficacy of immunization during the critical period of immune reconstitution.
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Gu L, Zhu H, Wang S, Han Y, Wu X, Miao H. Sonographic guidance of air enema for intussusception reduction in children. Pediatr Radiol 2000; 30:339-42. [PMID: 10836600 DOI: 10.1007/s002470050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroscopically guided air reduction of intussusception is a well-accepted technique. There are only two previous reports in which US has been used to monitor pneumatic reduction. OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of US to monitor the success of air reduction of intussusception. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sonographically guided air-enema reduction of intussusception in 199 children. In phase I (11 children), the success or failure of reduction was confirmed by fluoroscopy. In phase II (188 children), complete reduction was confirmed by clinical improvement of the child and repeat sonography 1 h later showing no persistent intussusception. RESULTS In phase I, fluoroscopy confirmed the accuracy of US in all 11 children. In phase II, the success rate of initial reduction was 95%. Following successful reduction, US repeated 1 h later showed no recurrence of intussusception in 92%. In ten (5%) of 188, initial reduction was unsuccessful; fluoroscopically guided air reduction successfully reduced only three of these ten failures. CONCLUSIONS Air enema guided by US is a practical and reliable technique for the reduction of intussusception.
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Gu L, Tseng S, Horner RM, Tam C, Loda M, Rollins BJ. Control of TH2 polarization by the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Nature 2000; 404:407-11. [PMID: 10746730 DOI: 10.1038/35006097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1999] [Accepted: 01/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activated T lymphocytes differentiate into effector cells tailored to meet disparate challenges to host integrity. For example, type 1 and type 2 helper (T(H)1 and T(H)2) cells secrete cytokines that enhance cell-mediated and humoral immunity, respectively. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) can stimulate interleukin-4 production and its overexpression is associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity, indicating that it might be involved in T(H)2 polarization. Here we show that MCP-1-deficient mice are unable to mount T(H)2 responses. Lymph node cells from immunized MCP-1(-/-) mice synthesize extremely low levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-5 and interleukin-10, but normal amounts of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. Consequently, these mice do not accomplish the immunoglobulin subclass switch that is characteristic of T(H)2 responses and are resistant to Leishmania major. These effects are direct rather than due to abnormal cell migration, because the trafficking of naive T cells is undisturbed in MCP-1(-/-) mice despite the presence of MCP-1-expressing cells in secondary lymphoid organs of wild-type mice. Thus, MCP-1 influences both innate immunity, through effects on monocytes, and adaptive immunity, through control of T helper cell polarization.
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